BuTb|vti

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Bs 2547

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-k -

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2004 .

3 Rbvts
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5 elakta maneRcInPaK CaniTanmanKtiZm( .

6 RBHGPiZmsegb e:HBumenAz 1 ekIt ExbusS Bs 2556 RtvnigzTI 12 Exmkra Ks 2013 .

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8 RBHBuTsasnaenARbeTssirIlg,a enAxVHzvikaminTan:ne:HBumenAeLIyeT .

- x -

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- K -

Tiskza
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- 1 -

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- 4 -

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nigkarRbRBwtbdibti .

- 5 -

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- 7 -

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- 8 -

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- 9 -

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BYkEdlylzasabehIyekIt ebIylzakarRbRBwtyagNaEdlnaMeTAekItelIfansYK( k*RbRBwtyagenaHeTA .
BYkEdlylzasabehIysUn

k*RbRBwteTAtamkaryleXIjrbsxn

edayminxacnUvGMeBI:bkmGVIeLIy

eZVIyagNaoEtxn:nnUv

esckIsuxkgCatienHbueNaH .
BYkEdlylzaesckIsuxnigTukk*eRJHehtubc&y k*mineZVk
I argarGVIeLIy enArgcaMEteCaKvasnarbsxn .

BYkEdlylzaesckIsuxnigTukk*eRJHehtubc&yenH man 2 yag KW ?

1 _ BYkEdlylza suxnigTukmanmkGMBIehtubc&yxageRkA k*bYgsYgeTvtaoplo nigeRbIviZIepSg>k*man .
2 _ BYkEdlylza esckIsuxnigTukmanmkGMBIehtubc&yxagkg ebIylzakmCaehtunesckIsux k*eZVIEtkmyagenaH .
ehtuEdleZVIoBYkeKyleXIjepSg>KayagenH

k*eRJHmanlTiGkRbedAxagsasnaeRcInenaHg

GkRbedAkglTinimYy>

k*RbedAeTA

tamkaryleXIjrbsxn zaxnCaGkyleXIjRtv JkeRb[nRbedAGkdTtmanxwmsar ehIydwknaMmnusSoyleTAtamlTirbsxn .

sm&yenaHkarRbRBwtZm( nigkareRb[nRbedAZm( Cakargard*RbesIrehIysMxanbMput GkEdleRb[nRbedAmanekre QaHl|Il|aj eKelIkdMekIgo
esInwgescEpndIEtmg GkxHeKelIkdMekIgCagesceTAeT[t CaehtueZVIoGkEdlRtvkarekreQaHyss&ki dleTAlHbgRTBsm|tipHsEm|g
ehIyecjRbRBwttbZm( taMglTirbsxnCaeRcInkEng .

- 10 -

PaKTI2
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sk,;CnbTCardtUcmYytaMgenAEk|rPMhimJn PaKxageCIgnCmTVIb eRJHrdZM>TaMg 16 tmaneQaHsk,;CnbTenHrYmCamYyeT .

skvgS
kgniTandMNalza RBH:TOk,akraC esayraCsm|tienAnKrkusavtI nrdml; manRBHmehsI 5 Gg< RBmedaybuRta 4 Gg< buRtI 5
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U suMRBHraCsm|tioRBHraCbuRt RBHGg<RTgham EtRBHmehsIKgTTUcGgVrsuMCa
er]y> RBH:TOk,akraCTalRBHtRmiH eRJHPatRBHvacaeTAehIy eTIbRTgRtasbg<aboRBHraCbuRta 4 RBHGg< nigRBHraCZIta 5 RBHGg< ecj
eTAksagRBHnKrzI .
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ehIynaMcturg<esnaecjeTAksagnKrzI

enAnkbiltabs

CatYGg<eJZistV

enaHCasaBrehIy

RBHraCbuRtanigRBHraCbuRtITaMgenaHk*rYmrsCamYyKa

RBHnKredayer[g>xn

ehIyk*taMgeQaHnKrenaHosmRsbeTAtamnamtabsenaHza

elIkElgEtRBHeCdPKinI

bgRsIbgs

kbilB&s

TaMgenHedIm|IminoRcLkRcLMrvagvN;

nKrEdltaMgenAkgsk,;CnbT

EdlCakEng

eRkayBI:nksagRBHnKr

ehIyk*bMEbkKaecjeTAksag

KWeRkaymkk*:nCaRBHmehsInkSRtRkugeTvTh;

tmkCalMdab .

sk,;CnbTenaH nKrEdlR:kdeQaHman 3 KW ?

kgRBsk,;Ek|rPMhimJn

ehIyk*taMgekaliyvgS

- 11 1 _ RBHnKrkusavtI nKrkusinara .
2 _ RBHnKrkbilB&s .
3 _ RBHnKreTvTh; .
ebItamsnidanRbEhlCamandleTA 6 RBHnKr eRJHRBHraCbuRtTaMg 4 enaH minEmnksagnKrkbilB&sEtmYyenaHeT EteTaHCayag
enaHk*eday RBHnKreT[tminR:kdnamenaHeLIy .

eKatrbsskvgS nigvgSrbsRBHsasa
skvgSenHmaneKatehAza eKatm; EtCYnkalk*ehAza GaTiteKat .
vgSRtkUlrbsRBHsasa

:nRKbRKgnKrkbilB&ster[gmktamlMdab

rhUtdlsm&yRBH:TC&yesn

ehIymanRBHraCbuRt

RBHGg< RBHraCZIta 1 RBHGg< KW 1 sIhhnu 2 yesaZra . luHRBH:TC&yesnesayTivg<teTA sIhhnukumar:nesayraCsm|tibnRBHraCvgS ehIy:nGPieskCamYynigRBHnagkaJna CaZItanescnKreTvTh; ekaliyvgS manRBHraCbuRtabuRtI 7 Gg< KWRBHraCbuRta 5 RBHGg<
RBHraCbuRtI 2 RBHGg< .
RBHraCbuRta 5 RBHGg<enaH KW 1 sueTaTn; 2 suek,aTn; 3 eZaetaTn; 4 GmietaTn; 5 XNietaTn; nigRBHraCZita 2 RBHGg<enaH KW
1 bmita 2 Gmita .
RBHnagyesaZra

:neZVICamehsIRBH:TGJn;

nRkugeTvTh;

ekaliyvgS

ehIymanRBHraCbuRtanigRBHraCbuRtIrYm

RBHGg<

RBHraCbuRta 2 RBHGg< KW 1 sub|BuT; 2 TN:Ni nigRBHraCbuRtI 2 Gg< KW 1 RBHnagsirimhamaya 2 RBHnagbCabti ehA eKatmI .
RBH:TsueTaTn;GPiesknigRBHnagsirimhamayaCaGK<mehsI luHRBH:TsIhhnucUlTivg<teTA RBH:TsueTaTn;:nRKgraCsm|tibn
mk RBHGg<manRBHraCbuRt 1 RBHGg< KW RBHsiTt .
eRkayBIRbsUt:n 7 z RBHnagsirimhamayak*cUlTivg<teTA RBH:TsueTaTn;k*EtgtaMgRBHnagbCabtieKatmICamehsIzI manRBHraCbuRtRBHraCZIta 2 RBHGg< KW nn; nigrUbnna .

- 12 -

RBHjatiTakTgrvagsakvgSnigekaliyvgS
RBHvgSTaMg

KWskvgSnigekaliyvgS

CabCajatisaelahittaMgEtRBHeCsPKinI

EpkskvgS

CaGK<mehsIescRkugeTvTh;

ekaliyvgS ZItaRBH:TOk,akraC rhUtmkdlRBHsiTt skvgS :nnigRBHnagBima yesaZra ekaliyvgS CaRBHCaya .

PaKTI3
lkN;rbsRBHmhaburs
munBuTkal

1000

qaM

bNalcitBYkRJhNT
aMgLay

maneTvtaGayuEvg

ZabeXIjRBHsmasmTGg<mun>mkehIy

:n

RJhNTaMgenaH:ncgRkgniger[necHcaMnUvtRmaTaylkN;rbs

RBHmhaburs 32 Rbkar nigGnuBJn; 80 lkN;rbsmhaburs 32 RbkarenaH KW ?

1 - manRBH:TRbtisanl KWmanpRBH:TrabesI .
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3 - manRBHbNi KWEkgRBH:TEvg .
4 - manRBHGg<li KWRmamRBH:TnigRmamRBHhsEvg .
5 - manpRBHhsnigpRBH:TTn .
6 - manpRBH:TnigpRBHhs RbTakedayRkLadUcCasMNaj .
7 - manRBH:TdUcCaGENteLIgxagelI .
8 - manRBHCga KWsger[vmUlRtsUl Rsed[gnigsgstVRTay .

RBHkumarsiTt;

- 13 9 - kalebIRTgQr min:cOnRBHGg<cuH GacsabGEglRBHCanu KWCg<gedaypRBHhsTaMgBIr:n .

10 - manRBHGg<avyv; EdlRtvlakkM:MgedaysMBtfitenAkgeRsam .
11 - RBHGg<avyv;enaH manEs|ksm|rz dUcCasm|rnmas .
12 - manRBHqvI mux sm|rz litpUrpgrlIg rGilZulIZakcuHmkminCabRBHkay .
13 - manRBHelamaEt 1 srs> kgreNAeram 1 .
14 - manRBHelama mancuggeLIgelI RBHelamaEdlduHeLIgehIy mancugeLIgelICaTkiNavd vilvgB&TeBneTAxagsaM mansm|rex[v
dUcCasm|rnp,aGJ&n kYcmUldUcCakuNl .
15 - manRBHkayRtg dUcCakaynRBh .
16 - manRBHmMs; KWsac 7 GenIeBjbribUN( KWxgRBHhsTaMgKU xgRBH:TTaMgKU cg,yRBHGgSa sa TaMgKU RBHsUrgeBjbribUN( .
17 - manRBHkayJkkNalxagelI dUcCakaynraCsIh .
18 - manRBHbidi KWxgeBjbribUN( .
19 - manRTgRTaykaydUcCabrimNlnedImRC RBHkayrbsmhabursRbEvgNa Bamrbsmhabursk*RbEvgenaHEdr Kwmankay
nigBamesIKa .
20 - manRBHsUrg k mUlsm .
21 - manRBHRbsaT KWsrslitqar sRmabTTYlrsGahar.
22 - manRBHhnuka KWcg,adUcCacg,anraCsIh .
23 - manRBHTn KWeZj 40 Kt .
24 - manRBHTnrabesI .
25 - manRBHTnCitsiTl .
26 - manRBHTafa KWcg,mTaMg 4 ssat .
27 - manRBHCIva GNat ZMEvg .

- 14 28 - manRBHsUrs&BdUcCasMeLgnRBh kalebIbeJjvacalanBieraH dUcCasMeLgnstVkrvik .

29 - manRBHenRtex[vRss .
30 - mandYgRBHenRtdUcCaEPkkUneKa .
31 - manRBHNaelam KWeramRbCMucieJImduHRtgcenaHnRBHPmuka cieJIm manBN(sk|s TndUcCasMLI .
32 - manRBHsIrS k|al hakdUcCaRbdabedayk|aMgmkud .

eRJHmanlkN; 32 RbkarenHehIy eTIbmanKti 2 yag KW ?

1 - ebImhabursenACaRKhs nwg:nesayraCCaesccRkBti CaZMkgRbwzBImNl manmhasmuRTTaMg 4 Cax&NsIma QHnUvsRtv
RKbTisTI RBHraCGaNacRksbsux nigRbkbedayrtn; 7 Rbkar KWcRkEkv dMrIEkv esHEkv EkvmNI nagEkv KhbtIEkv brinaykEkv .
2 - ebImhabursenaHecjsagps nwg:nRtasdwgGnutrsmasemaZiJaN Casasakkgelak .
znigybkngeTArabrystvtSn k*minmanGkNamakekItmkehIymanlkN;RKbtamtRmaenaHeLIy EtBYkeKk*minlHbgnUvtRmaenaH
eLIy

eRJHeKRbkanzaCatRmas&kisiTi

ehIy:nrkSatRmaenHt>Kamk

mageT[t

BYkeKeC]maMkgcitza

KgmanzNamYybuK<lEdlman

lkN;RBmedayGg< 32 RbkarenH nwgmkb|tikgmnusSelakminxaneLIy edIm|IkMcatesckIggwtgglnstVelakyagBitR:kd .

RBHeJZistVb|tienAfantusit
ZmtaRBHeJZistVTaMgLay

munnwg:nRtasCaRBHBuT

RtvEtb|tienAfantusitRKbRBHGg<

RBHsmNeKatm

KWRBHbrmRKneyIg

k*dUecaHEdr . kalRBH:TevsSnreJZistVRTgTivg<teTA RBHGg<:nb|tienAfantusit CaZMCageTvtaTaMgLay RTgRBHnamza snsiteTvbuRt

manRBHCnayu 4000 qaMTiBV .
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- 15 cMerInPavna .
2 - BuTekalahl karRCleRCImza enAmYyEsnqaMeT[t RBHBuTnwgmkb|tk
i gelakenH .
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4 - mg<lekalahl karRCleRCImza enAmYyEsnqaeM T[t RBHBuTnwgsEmgmg<lsURt 38 Rbkar .
5 - emaenyekalahl
ekalahlTaMg

yagenH

karRCleRCImza

enAmYyEsnqaMeT[t RBHBuTnwgsEmgemaenybdibti .

suTavasmhaRBh:nRbkasR:bBYkeTvtanigRBhTaMgLay

eTvtanigRBhTaMgLaymYymWunelakZatu

:nsemgenaHehIy RTgRbemIlemIlkgfantusitenaHza eTvbuRt

Gg<Nah@ EdlCaeJZistVnwgb|tiCaBuTg,r BnknRBHBuT enAkg
mnusSelak edIm|IrMedaHTukstVelakTaMgBYg .
eBlenaHsnsiteTvbuRtk*man:rmIcaskaehIy buBVnimit 5
Rbkar:nR:kdeLIg EdloxusEbkBIeTvtaTaMgLay KW ?
1 - kRmgp,aEtgRBHkaysVitRseJn .
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3 - ejIshUrecjBIek{k .
4 - sm|rminltaMgeLIgkgkay KWcasCraR:kd .
5 - mineRtkGrnwgeTvasn;rbsxn .
BYkeTvtanigRBhTaMgLay

:neXIjbuBVnimitenaHehIydwg

RBHeJZistVenAfantusit

c|asza eTvbuRtenHehIyEdlCaRBHeJZistV . eTvtanigRBhTaMgLaymYymWunelakZatu :nGeJIjsnsiteTvbuRtoctcuHeTAykkMeNIt

kgmnusSelak edIm|Inwg:nRtasCaRBHBuT edayJkenHza
bBiRtRBHmhaburs CaGkmanesckIBayam kalenHCakalsmKYrdlRBHGg<ehIy

sUmRBHGg<ctcuHeTAykRBHkMeNItkgpnRBH-

- 16 mataedIm|I:nRtas ehIycmgmnusSnigeTvtaodlsanbrmsuxpg .
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RBhTaMgLaydUecaH

kalebI:nJkGeJIjrbsBYkeTvta

eTIbRTgRbemIlemIlnUvmhavielakn;

nig

karseg,t

emIl TaMg 5 Rbkar KW ?

1 - kal kalmnusSmanGayueRcInCagmYyEsnqaM nigticbMput
RtwmmYyryqaM

enAkgrvagenHeTIbRBHeJZistVctcuHmkykRBHkMeNIt

edIm|Ib|tiCaRBHBuT .
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CaRBHBuTRKbRBHGg<

RTgykRBHkMeNItEtkgmCimRbeTs

minEdl

ykRBHkMeNItenAkgbcnRbeTseLIy .
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RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgeZVITan

ykRBHkMeNItkgRtkUlBIr KWRtkUlRJhNnigRtkUlkSRt RtkUl

eRkABIenHminEdlykRBHkMeNIteLIy .

4 - TVIb RBHeJZistVTaMgLay

nwgb|tC
i aRBHBuT EtgykRBHkMeNItkgCmTVIbbueNaH TVIbbIeT[t KWbuBVvieThTVIb trkuruTVIb nig

GbreKayanTVIb RBHeJZistVRKbRBHGg<minykRBHkMeNIteLIy .
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snsiteTvbuRt:nRbemIlemIlmhavielakn;

RbkarsBVRKbehIy

RTgTTYlnUvkarGaraZnarbseTvtanigmhaRBhTaMgLayenaH

ehIyRTgyagcuHmkcabbdisnikgRBHTrnRBHmata .

RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgsubinnimit
RBHeJZistVmunnwgescyagcuHcabbdisnikgRBHTrRBHmataenaH

RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgrkSasIle:sz nigeZVInUvmhaTancMNayRTB

- 17 Gs 4 EsnkhabN; .
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subinnimitza manesceTvta KWmharaCTaMg 4 mkelIkykRBHnag
RBmTaMgsyndan

kEngedk

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ehIymaneTBZItamkyagRBHnag

edIm|IRsgTwkkgRsHGenatt

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k*yageTApMkgvimanmasEdlenAelIPMR:k

RBHPkEbreTATisxagekIt
EdlenACitPMR:k

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ehIykanp,aQUkeLIgeTAelIPMR:k

eTIbcUleTA

kgvimanmas

RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgsubinnimit

:nedIr

RbTkSiNRBHnag 3 CMu
rYchakdUcCacUleTAkgTrrbsRBHnagxagsaM .
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escyagcuHcabbdisni eBlenaHmanehtudG
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k*TUlRBHsVamIoRTgRCabGMBs
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RBH:T

sueTaTn;CaRBHsVamIRTgbBaaoRBahN 64 nakmkTaynUvsubinnimitenaH RBahN:nbeJj

nUvvacaza

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ebIbuRtenaHenACaRKhsnwg:nCaesccRkZMelIEpndI

enaHyagecjsagps nwg:nRtasdwgCaRBHsmasmT .
RBH:TsueTaTn;nigRBHnagsirimhamaya

RBHnagnwgmanbuRtehIy
ebIbuRt

- 18 -

RTgRbsUt
taMgEtRBHbrmeJZistVcuHcabbdisnimk k*maneTvta 4 Gg< KW
kuevrJ; 1 Ztrd 1 viruLhk 1 virUbk 1 yagcuHmkGPi:lrkSakg
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karJrminomnusSnigGmnusSmkeb[teb[nRBHeJZistV

RBmTaMgRBHmataeLIy . RBHeJZistVcuHcabbdisnieBlNa eZVIo

RBHmatamansIl
bursTaMgLay

5 RbkarCanic ehIyminomanciteRtkRtGaln
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GsTmng
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EBnRBHEPnEbrRBHPkeTArkTrRBHmata

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RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgmanRBHKP(

edIm|IyagRbBatRBHraCOTanluminIv&n
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15

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RbsUtenAeRkamedImsalRBwkS

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- 19 htnRsIsM RbtisanenAelIRbwzBI EbrRBHPkeTArkTistr RTgyag

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elak GjCabuKl
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CaTIbMputrbsGj LvenHPBzIeT[tminmaneLIy .
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RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgRbsUt

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mnilRBHnagsirimhamayanigRBHraCkumar minomanmnilesAhgdlRBHkayTaMgBIrRBHGg<eLIy .

RBHeJZistVRbsUtmkPamecHniyayman 3 Cati
RBHeJZistVRbsUtmkPamecHniyay:nman 3 Cati KW
1 - kgCatiCaRBHsmasmT .
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TwkpwkCamYyrMeBcPam .

- 20 3 - kalykkMeNItCaRBHevsSnr RTgRbsUtehIyPam RTgsYr RBHmataza RTBkgpHeyIgmanEdr/ x\MnwgoTan .

shCati GkekItrYmnigRBHeBaZistV
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ashCati
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2 - RBHGann .
3 - qnamat .
4 - kaLTayIGamat .
5 - kNkGsSvraC esHkNk .
6 - edImRBHeJZiRBwkS .
7 - kMNbRTBTaMg 4 .

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- 41 eBlenaH marmancit:
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- 42 -

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RBHsasakgvteCtv&n :nsabRBHZmeTsnaeQaH GnmtK<sURt eTIbseRmcCaRBHGrhnTaMgGsGg< .

- 66 -

eR:sCdil 3 nakbgbn
RBHGg<RTgbJnPTvK<Iy 30 Gg<eTARbkasRBHsasna ehIyRBHGg<RTgyageTAkancariktamlMdab RTgsMedAeTAruevlaRbeTs eBl
RBlbeTIbyagdlruevlesnaniKm EdlCaTIGaRs&yenArbsCdil 3 nakbgbnRBmTaMgkUnsisS BYkeKmin:nekarskdUcPiksgeT eKbYg
skmYykNbBIelIk|al ehIynaMKabUCaePIg CdilTaMg 3 RBmTaMgkUnsisSenATIepSgKadUecH KW ?
1 bgbgseQaH ruevlksSb; eRJHenAruevlesnaniKm mankUnsisS 500 nak .
2 bnbnabmkeQaH nTIksSb; eRJHenAbnabcuHmk mankUnsisS 300 nak .
3 bneBAeQaH KyaksSb; eRJHenAKyasIs; KWenAbnabcuHmkeT[t mankUnsisS 200 nak .
BYkeKTaMg 3 nak :neZVIGaRsmenAmatTwkswgenrJra man 3 kEngtamlMdabtKacuHmkxag
t|g GaRsmTI1 KWruevlksSb; enAxagedImeK bnTI2 nigTI3 k*enAbnabmkeT[t .
kalenaHRBHelaknaz
BuTdIkanigruevlksSb;za

RTgyageTAkanGaRsmrbsCdileQaHruevlksSb;
malksSb;

ebIGkminceg{tcgleT

RTgmanRBH-

eyIgsMusakkgeragePIgmYyraRtI

ruevlksSb;eJlza bBiRtmhasmN; x\Mminceg{tcglGVIeT EtenAkgeragePIgenHmannaKraCmYy

CastVkacman#Ti

manBisd*Bnwk

kMuonaKraCenaHvaeb[teb[nelakeLIy

RBHd*man#TiRTgRtassMu

yagenaH 3 dg ruevlksSb;k*eJlyagenaH 3 dgEdr RBHd*manbuNRTgRtasza malksSb;

naKraCenaHeb[teb[neyIgmin:neT eNIycuHGkcUroeragePIgdleyIgcuH ruevlksSb;tbza bBiRt
mhasmN; elakcUrenAtamsb|aycuH . RBHsasaRTgcUleTAkaneragePIg ehIyRkalkRmalesA
Rbzabp<tEPntaMgkayd*Rtg dm,ls
tieqaHeTAkankmdan .
RKaenaH naKraC:neXIjRBHd*manbuNyagcUleTAehIyk*ekItTuktUccit bNalEpSgohuy
Cdil 3 nakbgbn

ecjmk

RBHd*man#TiRTgRtiHriHza tzaKtkMueb[teb[nnaKraCenHeLIy RKanEtRKbsg,tetCHrbsnaK

- 67 edayetCHrbstzaKtcuH lMdabenaHRBHd*manbuNRTgsEmgTaPisgarmansPaBdUecaH ehIyk*bNalEpSgohuytbeTAvij cMENknaKraCGtRTaMeRkaZmin:n

k*bNalePIgoeqHeLIg

RBHd*manbuNRTgkb
* NalePIgoeqHeLIgEdr

enAeBlenaHkgeragePIgmanBnWPWsenar

senAeLIg hakbIdUcCaePIgeqHRB BYkCdilnaMKaecamerameragePIgehIyeJlza OsmN;manrUbl LvRtvnaKraCeb[teb[nehIy . luH

raRtIkngeTAehIy
eTA

rsImanBN(

RBHd*manbuNRTgRKbsg,tetC;edayetC;
6

KWBN(ex[v

dEdlnigRBHkayrbsRBHGg<

el]g

Rkhm

eZVIoBnWrbsnaKraCrltsUn

nigBN(hgS:TrbsRBHsmTmanenA

ehIyRTgcabnaKraCenaHdakkg:RtnaMykeTAbgajdlCdil

ruevlksSb;za malksSb; enHnaKraCrbsGk tzaKt:nRKbsg,tetC;rbsvaedayetC;

rbstzaKtehIy

RKaenaHruevlksSb;RtiHriHza

mhasmN;enHman#TixaMg

manGanuPaBxaMg

NasetI eRJHelakGacRKbsg,te tC;rbsnaKCastVkac man#Ti manBiskgcg,medayetC;

rbselak:n EtTukCayagenaHk*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
RKaenaH RBHd*man#TRi TgRbzabenAdgRBmYy CitGaRsmrbsruevlksSb; maneTvta 4
Gg<CaescZMcuHmkkgevlaJkkNalGRZaRt
KalRBHd*manbuN

bNalrsIoPWkgdgRBTaMgGs

zVaybg<MRBHd*manbuNehIyeTIbfitenAkgTisTaMg

ehIycUleTA

raRtIenaHkngeTA

ehIy ruevlksSb;cUleTAKalRBHd*mansirI ehIyRkabTUlza bBiRtmhasmN; enHCakal

KYrehIy

PtaharseRmcehIy

bBiRtmhasmN;

cuHGkNaEdlmanBN(sm|rlcuHmkkg

evlaJkkNalGRZaRt bNalrsIoPWkgdgRBTaMgGs ehIycUlmkKalRBHGg< hakbIdUc

CaKMnrePIgd*ZM RBHd*manbuNRTgRtasza malksSb; GkTaMgenaH KWescZMTaMg 4 cUlmkKal

RTgcabBsnaKraCdakkg:Rt

tzaKtedIm|InwgsabnUvRBHZm( ruevlksSb; manesckIRtiHriHza mhasmN;enHman#Tx

i a Mg manGanuPaBxaMgNas eRJHzaGm|almharaC
TaMg 4 k*KgcUlmkKaledIm|IsabRBHZm(Edr EtTukCayagenaHk*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
lMdabenaH RBHmaneCaKRTgesaynUvPtaharrbsCdilruevlksSb; rYcehIyRTgRbzabenAkgdgRBenaHg .
raRtIeRkaymkeT[t

sk,eTvraCmanBN(l manrsIPWCageTvtamun> cUlmkKalRBHGg<edIm|InwgsabnUvRBHZm( ruevlksSb;manesckI

- 68 RtiHriHza mhasmN;enHman#TixaMgmanGanuPaBZMEmn eRJHzask,eTraCCaZMCagBBYkeTvta k*KgcUlmkKaledIm|IsabRBHZm(rbsRBHGg<Edr

EtebITukCayagenaHk*eday k*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
raRtIkngmkeT[t shm|tIRBhmanBN(l manrsIruger]gtmCageTvtamun> cUlmkKalRBHGg<edIm|InwgsabRBHZm( ruevlksSb;
manesckIRtiHriHyagenHza

mhasmN;enHman#TixaMg

manGanuPaBZMEmneTetI

eRJHzaGm|alshm|tIRBh

k*KgcUlmkKaledIm|IsabnUv

RBHZm(Edr EtebITukCayagenaHk*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
sm&ymYy
CaeRcInmkbUCa

eRK}gbUCad*Zn
M wgekIteLIgdlCdilruevlksSb;

eBlenaHruevlksSb;manesckIRtiHriHza

nIyaharCaeRcIncUlmkbUCa

eRJHCnGkenAkgEdnGg<;nigmKZ;

LvenHeRK]gbUCaZMnwgekIteLIgdlGj

ebImhasmN;eZV
I Tib|adiharkgTIRbCMumhaCn

R:zanaMykxaTniyePaCnIyahar

d|itzaebICnTaMgenaHnaMykxaTnIyePaC-

laPsk,ar;nwgcMerIndlmhasmN;enaH

laPsk,ar;rbsGj

nwgsabsUneTA O! mhasmN; kMuKb|ImkqankgzEskenHeTAeGH . RBHPKvnmunIRTgRCabesckIbrivitk,;kgcitrbsruevlksSb; eday

RBHh#T&yrbsRBHGg< eTIbRTgyageTAkantrkuruTVIb edIm|InaMcganbiN:tGMBItrkuruTVIbenaH RTgesayenACitGenattRsH ehIyRTgsRmak
RBHriyabzenAkgevlazenaH . raRtIkngeTA eTIbCdilruevlksSb;eTAKalRBHsasa zVaybg<MehIyTUlza bBiRtmhasmN; enHCa
kalKYrehIy

PtaharseRmcehIy

TnwgcaMemIlpvRBHGg<za

bBiRtmhasmN;

mhasmN;minnimnmkeTGIV/

ehtudUcemck*RBHGg<minyagmkkgzmSilmij

cMENkx\M

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ehIy:nTaMgeRt[mcMENkxaTniyePaCnIyaharTukedIm|IRBHGg<

EtgrlwkdlRBHGg<
RBHd*manbuNRTg

Rtasza malksSb; ERkgGkRtiHriHdUecHza eRK]gbUCaZMnwgekIteLIgdlGj d|itzaebICnTaMgenaHnaMmknUvxaTnIyePaCnIyaharCaeRcInmkbUCa

ebImhasmN;nwgeZVITib|adiharkgTIRbCMumhaCn laPsk,ar;nwgcMerIndlmhasmN;enaH laPsk,ar;rbsGjnwgsabsUneTA O! mhasmN; kMuKb|ImkqankgzEskenHeTAeGH dUecHBitEmneT/ eBlenaHCdilruevlksSb;P\akxn
eRBIt ehIyRtiHriHdUecHza mhasmN;enH
man#TixaMgNasetI manGanuPaBZMEmnetI eRJHzaRBHGg<s<alcite daycit EtebITukCayagenaHk*KgminEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
sm&yenaHg sMBtbgSkUl sMBtEdlRbLakedayGacmdI ekIteLIgdlRBHelaknaz lMdabenaHsk,eTvraCCIkRsHmYyedaydxn
g

ehIynaMykzmYyEpnZMmkzVay

edIm|IKksMBtbgSkUl

ehIyJkBrBUtnwgEmkzan

EdleTvtaenAGaRs&yTIenaHbeganoTabmkzVay

sk,eTvraCykdMuzmYydMueT[tmkzVayedIm|IhalsMBtenaH eRkaymkruevlksSb;eTAKalRBHd*man#Ti eTIbTUlza enHCakalKYrehIy Ptahar

seRmcehIy

bBiRtmhasmN;

RsHe:krNIenHkalmunminmankgkEngenHeT

LvenHRsHe:krNIenaHmankgkEngenH

EpnzeKtm,l

- 69 TukBImunk*minman LvenHEpnzenHGkNatm,lTuk/ EmkzanenHkalBImunminTabcuHmkeT LvenHEmkzanenHeTACaTabcuHmkeRJHehtuGVIh@/ .

RBHsmTRTgRtasdUecHza malksSb; sk,eTvraC:nykmkzVaytzaKt nigeTvtaEdlGaRs&yenAnigedImzan:nbeganEmkcuHmk ruevlksSb;manesckIRtiHriHza mhasmN;enHman#TixaMg manGanuPaBZMNas eRJHzaGm|alsk,eTvraCk*cuHmkeZVIkarbeRmIEdr EtebITukCayag
enaHk*KgminEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
raRtIkngeTAehIy ruevlksSb;cUleTAKalRBHmanRBHPaK ehIyRkabTUlBIPtkaldlRBHGg<za bBiRtmhasmN; enHCakalKYr
ehIy PtaharseRmcehIy RBHsmamTRTgmanRBHBuTdIkaza malksSb; GkcUreTAmuncuH tzaKtnwgeTAtameRkay . luHruevlksSb;
ecjeTAehIy RBHGg<escyageTAkanCmTVIb :nnaMykEpRBIgRtLbmkRbzabkgeragePIgmunCdilenaHeT[t ruevlksSb;eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKenAkgeragePIgdUecaH

eTIbTUlsYrRBHmanRBHPaKza

bBiRtmhasmN;

RBHGg<RTgeZVIdMeNIrmktampvNa/

kalx\MmkecjmkmunRBHGg<

luHmkdlTIenHRtLbCaRBHGg<mkdleragePIgmunx\M RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza malksSb; tzaKtoGkmkTIenHmun tzaKtk*eTAkanCmTVIb

ehIynaMykEpRBIgBIedImRBIgenaH rYcmkGg<yenAkgeragePIgenH:nmunGk . eBlenaHCdilruevlksSb;RtiHriHdUecHza mhasmN;enHman
#TixaMgNasetI manGanuPaBZMNasetI EtebITukCayagenaHk*KgminEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
RKamYyeT[tRBHd*man#TiRTgyageTAkanCmTVIb

:nnaMEpsVaymk

eRkayeT[t:nnaMykEpkntRB

eRkayeT[t:nnaMykEpRsm

eRkayeT[t:nyageTAkantavtg
i SeTvelak :nnaMykp,a:rict,RBwkS TaMgenHmandUckger]gEpRBIgEdr . ruevlksSb;:nRtiHriHza mhasmN;enHman#TixaMg manGanuPaBZMEmn EtTukCayagenaHk*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
eRkaymkeT[tCdilTaMgenaH R:zanwgeZVIesckIeKarBePIg EtminGacBuHGusoEbk:n eRJHTanuPaBrbsRBHmanRBHPaK tmkRBHman
RBHPaKRTgoBuHGusenaH:nvij .
eRkaymkeT[tCdilTaMgenaH

R:zanwgeZVIesckeI KarBePIg

EtminGacnwgbg,atePIgoeqH:n

eRJHTanuPaBrbsRBHmanRBHPaK

tmk

RBHmanRBHPaKRTgoePIgenaHeqH:nvij .
tmkCdileKarBePg
I rYcehIy EtminGacltePIgenaH:n eRJHTanuPaBrbsRBHman#Ti tmkRBHman#TRi TgoePIgenaHrlt:n .
eRkaymkeT[t RBHmanRBHPaKnimitcg,anRbmaN 500 oCdilTaMgenaH eRJHTanuPaBrbsRBHGg< .
eRkaymkeT[tmaneP{gbgrcuHmk

TwkCMnnZMJseBjval

eBlenaHRBHsasaRTgEjkTwkecjedayCMuvij ehIyyagcg,melIEpndI

- 70 EdlmanZUlIhuyeLIg kalenaHCdilruevlksSb; xacRBHmanRBHPaKlgTwk eTIbCiHTUkeTAemIlmYyGenIedayCdilTaMgLay sMedAeTAkan

kEngRBHGg<RTgRbzabenA ruevlksSb;:neXIjRBHmanbuNeZVITwkoEjkehIyyagcg,mdUecaH :nRkabTUlRBHGg<za bBiRtmhasmN;
RBHGg<KgenAkgTIenH/ RBHsasaRTgRtasza eGIksSb; tzaKtenATIenH RBHGg<k*ehaHeLIgeTAelIGakas RTgcuHeTARbzabkgTUkmYyrMeBc
ruevlksSb;manesckIRtiHriHza mhasmN;enHman#TiZMNas manGanuPaBZMEmn eRJHzaGm|alTwkk*KgminlicRBHGg< EtTukCayagenaHk*
minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGjeT .
RKaenaH RBHPKvnmunIRTgRBHbrivitk,;dUecHza emaXbursenH
RtiHriHyagenHyUrNasmkehIyza
manGanuPaBZMEmn

mhasmN;enHman#TixaMg

EtTukCayagenaHk*minEmnCaRBHGrhndUcGj

eT dUecHtzaKtKYreZVo
I CdilenHekItesckIsegVKstcit eTIbman
RBHBuTdIkanigCdilza malksSb; GkgminEmnCaRBHGrhneT
GkminTandlGrhtmK<eT

GkgRbkanzaCaRBHGrhneday

bdibTa esckIRbtibti Na bdibTaenaHminmandlGkeT eBl

enaHruevlksSb;RkabcuHeT[bRBH:TnRBHsasa

RTgeR:sCdil 1003 Gg<

man#Tiza

bBiRtmhasmN;d*cMerIn

eTIbTUlRBH-

x\MRBHGg<KYr:nbBVCanig

bsm|TakgsMNakRBHmhasmN;kgkalLvenHpg
elaknazRTgRtasza

malksSb;

RBH-

GkCaGkdwknaMCaRbZanelI

CdilTaMgLay 500 nak GkRtvR:bCdilTaMgenaHCamunsin ebICdilTaMgenaHylyagNa eKk*nwgeZVIyagenaHEdr . luHCdilTaMgenaHyl

RBmtamruevlksSb;ehIy

k*naMKabENtecalnUveRK]gbrikarRBmTaMgskTaMgCda

pgsk

TaMgGERmk

TaMgeRK]gbUCaePIgeTAkgTwkswg

enrJra ehIycUleTArkRBHsasasMubBVCanigbsm|Ta RBHelaknazRTgRtasza GkTaMgLaycUrCaPikcuH sasnZm(tzaKteJllehIy

GkTaMgLaycUrRbRBwtRBhcriyZm( edIm|IodlnUvRBHniBVan CaTIputTukedayRbBcuH .

- 71 CdilnTIksSb; :neXIjeRK]gbrikarRBmTaMgsk Cda GERmk TaMgeRK]gbUCaePIgGENttamExSTwkmk ylzaRbEhlmaner]gGVI

mYydlbgBitR:kdehIy k*naMbrivar 300 nak edIrtRmgeTAkankEngruevlksSb;enaH nigniyayeTAkanruevlksSb;za bBiRtksSb;bg
GMeBIenHRbesIrehIyGVIh@/

ruevlksSb;R:bza

eGIGkd*manGayuTaMgLay

GMeBIenHRbesIrehIy

kalenaHCdilTaMgenaHk*naMKabENt

eRK]gbrikarRBmTaMgsk Cda GERmk TaMgeRK]gbUCaePIgeTAkgTwksg

w enrJra ehIycUleTArkRBHelaknazsMb
u BVCanigbsm|Ta RBHelaknaz
RTgbBVCanigbsm|TadUcCdilmun> .
CdilKyaksSb; CabneBA:neXIjeRK]gbrikar RBmTaMgsk Cda GERmk TaMgeRK]gbUCaePIgGENttamExSTwkmkdUecaH ylza
RbEhlCamaner]gGVImYydlbgruevlksSb;BitR:kdehIy k*naMbrivarTaMg 200 nak edIrtRmgeTAkankEngruevlksSb;GaRs&yenaH luH
eTAdlehIyk*niyaynigruevlksSb;za bBiRtksSb;bg GMeBIenHRbesIrehIyGVIh@/ ruevlksSb;R:bza eGIGkd*manGayuTaMgLay GMeBI
enHRbesIrehIy

CdilTaMgenaHk*naMKabENteRK]gbrikarRBmTaMgsk

Cda

GERmk

TaMgeRK]gbUCaePIgeTAkgTwkswgenrJra

ehIycUleTArk

RBHbrmsasa sMb
u BVCanigbsm|Ta RBHelaknaykRTgbBVCanigbsm|TadUcCdilmun>enaHEdr .

RTgsEmgGaTitbriyaysURt
RKaenaH

RBHelaknazRTgnaMPikTaMg

1003

Gg<enaH

yageTARbzabenAelIdMuzZMmYyeQaH

KyasIs;

CitEdnKyaRbeTs

matswg

enrJra enAminqayBIRkugraCRKwHbunaneT TIenaHRBHsmTRTgsEmgRBHZmeTsnaeQaH GaTitbriyaysURt RTgRtasza malPikTaMgLay vt

TaMgBYgCarbsekA cuHvtTaMgBYgCarbsekAKWGVI/ RBHGg<RTgvisCnaza Gaytn;xagkg 6 Gaytn;xageRkA 6

viJaN 6 smsS; 6 nig

evTanaEdlekItGMBIsmsS; 3 yag enaH KWsux Tuk ebka enHeQaHzavtTaMgBYg nigRTgRtasza ckCarbsekA rUbTaMgLayEdlCavis&yn
ckCarbsekA viJaNKW citdwgBiess CaGarmNGaRs&yckk*CarbsekA karRbCMucuHRBmTaMgck rUb nigckviJaNeQaHzacksmsS k*Ca
rbsekA .l. ekAedayePIgelaP; KWesckIelaP ekAedayePIgeTas; KWesckIeRkaZ ekAedayePIgemah; KWesckIlg ekAeRJHCati KWkarekIt
Cra KWcasRKaMRKa mrN;esckIsab ekAeRJHesakesckIeRk[mRkMct
i brieTv; kaeyMer[brab Tukkay eTamnsS; minsb|aycit :yas;
esckIceg{tcglcit . RBHGg<RTgRtasza ckCaedIm ekAedayePIgkielsnigesckT
I uk > dutoekAyagenHg .
evTna KWkaresaynGarmNsux Tuk minsuxminTuk ekIteLIgeRJHcksmsS;Cabc&y evTnaenaHk*CarbsekA .l.

- 72 RBHbrmelaknaz

RTgeTsnaGnuelameTAtamGZaRs&y

rbsBYkCdilEdlniymbUCaePIg

RBHbrmRKRTgsEmgRBHZmeTsnaenHcb

ehIy PikTaMg 1003 Gg<enaHmancitrIkraycMeJHPasitrbsRBHGg< ehIyseRmcCaRBHGrhnTaMgGs tmanCabcMJkeday:TaneLIy .

PaKTI8
RTgseRmceKalbMNg 2 Rbkar
RBHGrhnsmasmT RTgRbzabenAKyasIs;tamsmKYrehIy eTIbRTgyageTARkugraCRKwH rdmKZ; mYyGenICamYyPik 1003 Gg<
edIm|IRBHbMNg 2 Rbkar RTgRbzabenAOTanldiv&n cMkaretat PakgarGkrkSaOTan:neXIjRBHsasa RBmTaMgsav&kenaHehIyekItesckI
RCHza

eTIbRbjabeTARkabTUlRBH:TBimisar

RBHraCaRTgRCabdMNwgenaHehIy

manRBHT&yrIkrayRkElg

eTIbnaMnamWunmnrI aCbrivarcMnYn

120000 eTAKalRBHGg<kgsYnldiv&n luHeTAdlRTgzVaybg<MRBHsasa ehIyRbzabkgTId*smKYr EtnamuWnmnIraCbrivarmanGakarepSg>BIKa

xHzVaybg<M xHGg<yniyayKa xHGg<yes{mmineKarBzVaybg<MRBHsasaeLIy GkTaMgenaH:nRtiHriHkgcitza smN;RbRBwtRBhcriy;kg
sMNakruevlksSb;h@/

ruevlksSb;RbRBwtR Bhcriy;kgsM-

NakmhasmN; RBHPKvnmunRI TgRcabesckIRtiHriH enaHehIyRTgRtiH

riHza

ebIRTgsEmgRBHZmeTsnaenAeBlenH

bunaneT

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manRBHraCbMNgoruevlksSb;
EdltmanxwmsarenaHecj
ehIyRtasza
ruevlksSb;

edIm|IoraCbrivarenaHlHbglTicas
eTIbRTgEbrRBHPkeTArkruevlksSb;

malruevlksSb;

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RBHGg<RTg

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minGacseRmcRbeyaCn

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etIehtudUc

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tzaKtsYresckIenHnwgGkkarbUCaePIg

mal

EdlGklHbg

- 73 ehIyetIeRJHehtuGVI/ .
ruevlksSb;:nehaHeLIgeTAelI ehIycuHmkzVaybg<MRBHsasaGsvar; 7 dg eTIbRkabbg<MTUlza CnTaMgLayEtgeJlsresIrnUv
kamTaMgLay

KWrUbsemgRBmTaMgrspg

nUvRsITaMgLaypg

eRJHkarbUCaenaH

x\MRBHGg<dwgzakamKuNmanrUbCaedIm

enaHCaeRK]gesAhg

minGacseRcZm(:neLIy .
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GkeRtkGreBjcitnUvGVIkg
elak eTvelak GkcUrR:btzaKtmkkgeBlenH .
RKaenaH ruevlksSb;TUlRBHsasacarza x\MRBHGg<:neXIjehIynUvRBHniBVan sbehIynUvkielsnigTukEdleZVIoekA minmanbZi
KWxn kielsnigGPisgar minmansPaBERbRbl EdlCaZm(nGkdTnaMecjmin:n luHRtaEtGkBicarNaeXIjc|asedayxng mineZVIo
CabcMJkkg
kamPB rUbPB nigGrUbPB eTIbx\MRBHGg<minEsn minbUCaePIg EdlminEmnCapvnRBHniBVan ruevlksSb;eJlyagenHehIy
eRkakcakGasn;

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cIBr

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ehIyRkabTUlza

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RBHsmTR TgRtasdUecHehIy RTgsEmgbTEdlzamanxn KWmanZm(CaTIBwgenaH edayGMNacstib|danTaMg 4 RTgRbTanOvaTdlPik
sgkgkaynmK<

KWstib|danPavnanigbkiNk;eTsna

tamsmKYrdlb|tiehtuenaHehIy

RTgsRmakriyabz

bMeBjBuTkickgRsuk

eQaHevLvRKamGsry;kalkngeTA 3 Ex nehmnrdUvRtvnwgz 15 ekIt ExmaX EdlRBHCinRsIRTgkMNtRBHCnayuenA:valectIydan .

RBwkenaH RBHelaknazRTgyageTAbiN:tkgRkugevsalI eRkayBIesayRBHRkyaharzrYcehIy RTgRtasoGannkansMBtnisITn;
RTnabGg<y

edIm|IescyageTA:valectIysRmakRBHriyabzeBlzRtg

RBHGannRkalnisITn;zVayeRkammbeQImYyedIm

RBHGg<RTg

sRmakRBHriyabz . TIenaHRBHsBVJRTgeZVn
I imitOPas bMPW edIm|IebIkOkasoRBHGannTUlGaraZnaoRTgfitenAteTAeT[tza malGann
RkugevsalICaTIKYreRtkGr :valectIyCaTIKYreRtkGr malGann Ti:T 4 Rbkar ebIbuK<lNa:ncMerInehIy malGann buK<lenaHeTaHbI
R:zamanCIvitrsenAGs 1 Gayukb|eRcInCag 1 Gayukb| k*GacfitenA:ntamesckIR:za malGann tzaKt:ncMerInTi:TTaMg 4 Rbkar
enaHlehIy tzaKtebIR:zafitenAGs 1 kb|elIsCag 1 kb|k*GacfitenA:n . RBHGannetr TukCaRBHsBVJBuTRTgeZVInimitCaOLarik
yagenHehIy k*minGacRCabesckIenaHeLIy eRJHeBlenaHmanmarcit:bcUlRKbsg,tcit :nCaminRkabTUlGaraZnaRBHsasa oRTgfit
enAGs 1 Gayukb| edIm|ICaRbeyaCnsuxdleTvtanigmnusSTaMgLay RBHGg<manBuTdIkayagenHCaKMrb 3 dg RBHGannk*minGacyl
esckIenaHeLIy .
RKaenaHRBHPKvnmunI RTgRtasnigRBHGannza malGann GkcUreTAcuH cUrsMKalnUvkarEdlKYrnwgeTAkgkalLvenHcuH RBHGannTTYl
RBHBuTdIkaehIy

k*ecjeTAKgeT[bKleQImYyminqayBIRBHsasa

luHRBHGannecjeTAminyUrbunan

marmancit:b:neJlJkenHnig

- 101 RBHsBVJz
a

bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn

sUmRBHGg<briniBVankg

kalLvenHeTA CakalKYrbriniBVanrbsRBHGg<ehIy bBiRt

RBHGg<d*cMerIn

RBHGg<:nRtasvacaenHehIykalBIRTgeTIb

:nRtasCasmasemaZiJaN

RTgRbzabeRkamedImGC:-

lnieRKaZenaHza En@ marmancit:b BYkPikCasav&k PiknICa

savika :skCasav&k :sikaCasavikarbstzaKt :n
Qasv ek{vka CaBhusSRt RTRTgnvU Zm( RbtibtiZm(sm
KYrdlZm(

er[nnUvvaT;nGacarrbsxnehIysMEdgeZVIo

gay sg,tsg,innUvbrb|vaTEdlekIteLIg minmandrabNa

tzaKtk*minbriniBVandrabenaH .
bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn LvenH BYkPikCasav&k PiknICa
savika :skCasav&k :sikaCasavikarbstzaKt:n

RTgdakGayusgar

Qasv ek{vka CaBhusSRt RTRTgnUvZm( RbtibtiZm(sm

KYrdlZm( er[nnUvvaT;nGacarrbsxnehIysMEdg eZVIogay sg,tsg,innUvbrb|vaTEdlekIteLIg:nehIy bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn sUmRBHGg<

briniBVankgkalLvenHeTA

CakalKYrnwgbriniJVnrbsRBHGg<ehIy

mYyeT[t

RBHsBVJ:nRtasvacaenHehIyza

malmarmancit:b

RBhcriyZm(rbstzaKtenHenAminTanxabxn minTancMerIn minTanpSBVpSayeTAsBVTis eKmin:ndwgeRcInKa nigminTaneBjbribUN(drabNa

mYyeT[t BYkeTvtanigmnusS minecHsMEdg:nedayRbBdrabNa tzaKtnwgminbriniBVandrabenaHdUecH bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn LvenHRBhcriyZm(rbstzaKt :nxabxnehIy cMerInehIy :npSBVpSayeTAsBVTisehIy eK:ndwgeRcInKaehIy eBjbribUN(ehIy eTvtanigmnusSecH
sMEdgehIy bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn sUmRBHbrmRKRTgbriniBVankgkalLvenHeTA CakalKYrnwgbriniBVanrbsRBHGg<ehIy .
RBHsBVJBuTRTgRtasnwgmarza malmarmancit:b GkcUrmanesckIxVlxVayticcuH karbriniBVanrbstzaKtminyUrbunaneLIy kngeTA
3 ExcabBIzenHeTA tzaKtnwgbriniBVanehIy . enHehAzaRTgdakGayusgar .

- 102 -

ehtuEdlnaMoEpndIrJy
eRkayBIRBHsmasmTRTgdakGayusgarenA:vaectIye naHehIy k*ekItesckIGsar eZVIoEpndIkeRkIkjabj&ryagxaMg KYros\bEs\g
RBWeramRBWEs|k

RBmTaMgs<rTiBVk*bnWkgrMBgeBjTaMgGakasevhas

hakdUcCaekItTukRByGaeLaHGal&ydlkarbriniBVannRBHGg<Edr

lMdabenaHRBHGann:nRtiHriHza eGIh@! karkeRkIkEpndIenHZMNasetI! KYroRBWeramRBWEs|k TaMgs<rk*laneLIg ehtudUcemcbc&ydUcemch@!

naMokeRkIkEpndId*ZMenH

eTIbeRkakecjBImbeQIcUleTAzVaybg<MKalRBHsBVJkgTIds
* mKYr

ehIyTUldUecHza

bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn

cMELk

NasGsarNas KYros\bEs\gRBWeramRBWEs|k RBmTaMgs<rTiBVk*bnWkgrMBgeBjTaMgGakasevhas karkeRkIkEpndId*ZMekIteLIgenH eRJH

ehtudUcemcbc&ydUcemc/ RBHbrmelaknazRTgRtasza malGann ehtuEdlnaMokeRkIkEpndId*ZMman 8 yag KW ?
1- xlkeRmIk .
2- buK<lGkman#TibNal .
3-RBHeJZistVctcaktusitcuHcabbdisnikgTrRBHmata .
4- RBHeJZistVRbsUt .
5- RBHtzaKtRtasdwgGnutrsmasemaZiJaN .
6- RBHtzaKtRTgsEmgZmck,b|vtnsURt .
7- RBHtzaKtRTgkMNtGayusgar .
8- RBHtzaKtyagcUlbriniBVanedayGnu:TiessniBVan .
ehtuTaMg 8 yagenHekIteLIgCabc&ynaMoEpndIjabj&r . tmkRBHGg<RTgnaMykRBHBuTvcn; EdlRTgRtasdlmarkgRKaEdlRbzab
enAeRkamedImGC:lnieRKaZmkRtasR:bGannza RBHGg<:nkMNtGayusgarehIy edayGaRs&yehtuenHeTIbEpndIjabj&r . RBHGann:n
sabyagenHehIy ylc|aszaEpndIkeRkIkenAeBlenH eRJHRBHGg<RTgdakGayusgarBitR:kd eTIbRkabTUlGaraZnaRBHmanRBHPaKoman
RBHCnayufitenAGs 1 Gayukb| CaRbeyaCndlevenystV edIm|Iescks
I uxdleTvtanigmnusSTaMgLay

RBHGannRkabTUlGgVrRBHsasa

- 103 Gsvar;

dg RBHsBVJBuTRTgRtashamza malGann GkkuMmkGgVrtzaKteLIy LvenHminEmnCakalEdlGannmkTUlGaraZnaGgVr

tzaKteT[tehIy

eRJHtzaKt:neJlJkdacxateTAehIy

tzaKtminGacRtLbJkeRJHehtunCIviteLIy

RBHGannRkabTUlGgVr

yagenHCaKMrb 3 dg . RBHbrmelaknaz RTgRtassYrRBHGannza ?

malGann GkeC]R:C\aRtasdwgrbstzaKteT/
bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn xM\RBHGg<eC]
malGann ebIGkeC]ehIy ehtuGVIk*mkGgVrtzaKtdleTA 2 3 dg/
bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn xM\RBHGg<:nsab :nTTYlmkcMeJHRBHPknRBHmanRBHPaKza Ti:TPavna 4 Rbkar kalbuK<l:ncMerInsat
CMnajehIy ebIbuK<lenaHmanbMNgnwgenAGskald*yUredayrUbkay k*Kb|IenA:nGskal 1 kb| elIsBI 1 kb|:n Ti:TPavnaTaMg 4
enaHRBHtzaKtCamas :ncMerInsatCMnajehIy ebIRBHGg<R:zafitenAk*GacfitenAGskal 1 Gayukb|elIsBI 1 kb|:n eRJHehtuenaH
:nCaxM\RBHGg<RkabTUlGgVrGaraZnadleTA 3 dgdUecH .
malGann GkeC]eTnUvTi:TPavnaenaH/
bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn xM\RBHGg<eC] .
malGann cuHehtuGk
VI altzaKteZVInimitOPasyagc|asehIy EtGannmindwg TaMgmin:nGgVrtzaKtkgRKaenaH enHCakMhusrbsGann
ebIkalenaH Gann:nGgVrtzaKt tzaKtKb|IhamGannGsvar; 2 dg luHvar;TI 3 tzaKtTTYlGaraZnarbsGannehIy . kalEdl
Gannmin:nGgVrtzaKtkgRKaenaH> CakMhusrbsGannmakgbueNaH .
luHRBHGg<RTgRtasdUecHehIy

RTgRbmUlnimitOPasEdleZVIdlGannkgkalmuncMnYn

16

tMbnmksEmgR:bGannedayBisar

sanTaMg 16 tMbnenaHkgRkugraCRKwH 10 tMbn KW 1 PMKiCkUd 2 eKatmnieRKaZ 3 eRCaHecalecar 4 jkstbNKUhaEk|rPMevPar; 5

kaLsilaCitPMsiKili 6 sb|iesaNikakgsItv&n 7 te:Taram 8 evLv&n 9 CIvkmv&n 10 mTkucimikTayv&n .
RkugevsalI 6 tMbn KW 1 eTnectIy 2 eKatmectIy 3 stmectIy 4 BhubutkectIy 5 sarnnectIy 6 :valectIy rYm 16
tMbndUecH .

- 104 kg
var;TI

16

CakalEdlGannKYrGgVrGaraZnaRBHtzaKt

EtGannmin:ndwg

min:nGaraZnaGgVrRBHtzaKteT

ebIkgvar;TaMg

16

enaHNamYy Gann:nGaraZnaRBHtzaKt > Kb|IhamXatGannRtwm 2 dgbueNaH luHvar;CaKMrb 3 dg tzaKtTTYlGaraZnarbsGann

kalEdlGannmin:ndwg min:nGaraZnaRBHtzaKtenH CakMhusrbsGannEtmakg .
malGann tzaKt:nR:behIyza bNastVnigsgarCaTIRsLajKabcitTaMgBYg rEmgRbRBwteTAepSg> pasbreTACaRbkardT min
taMgenACasaBrtamcitR:zaeLIy sPav;eT[gTat EdlstVTaMgLaymanesckIbunbgcg:nNasenaH stVTaMgLaymin:nkgsgarTaMg
enaHeT sPav;NaEdlekItmkedayGaRs&ybc&yRbCMutakEtg sPav;enaHEtgmanesckvI inaseTAvijCaZmta stVTaMgLaymanesckIR:za
GnHGEngza sUmosPav;enaHkMuvinaseTAeLIy dUecHminEmnCafan;oseRmctamesckIR:zaeLIy . malGann sPav;NaEdltzaKt:n
lHbgehIy :nbnSatbgehIy :nRcanecalehIy :nlHehIy tzaKtminRtLbmkkanyksPav;enaH eRJHehtunCIviteT .

escyageTARBmhav&n
RKaenaH RBHsBVJRTgyageTAkUdaKarsalanaRBmhav&n rdvCI RTgRbzabenAkgbdansala RTgRtasbg<aboGannehAPikenAkg
evsalImkRbCMuTaMgGs

ehIyRTgRbTanOvaTdlPikTaMgLayenaHedayGPiJaeTsitZm(za

otzaKtfitenAGskald*yUr

edIm|ICaRbeyaCnnigescks
I uxdlmhaCneZVIGVI

malPikTaMgLay

GkTaMgLaymanesckIR:za

Zm(TaMgLaytzaKt:neTsnaedayR:C\ad*RkElg

sEmg

edIm|IkarRtasdwgcMeJHmux kngputelakiyJaN TmHelakutrb|Ja Zm(TaMgenaH GkTaMgLayKb|IsikSao:nl oseRmcRbeyCneday

esckIeKarB Kb|IBayam cMerIn nigsnSMTuko:neRcInkgsnan RBhcriyZm(nwgfitenAGskald*yUr RbRBwteTAedIm|ICaRbeyaCnnigesckI
suxdlmhaCn Kb|IGnueRKaHdlstVelak edIm|IesckIsuxdleTvtanigmnusSTaMgLay Zm(TaMgLaytzaKt:nsEmgedayR:C\ad*RkElg
enaHKWGVI/ KWstib|dan 4 smb|dan 4 Ti:T 4 ny
I 5 Bl; 5 eJCg<; 7 mK<manGg< 8 TaMgenHeQaHzaGPiJaeTsitZm( GkTaMgLay
Kb|IsikSa cMerIn eZVIoeRcInkgsnancuH . tmkRTgsEmgsegVKkzanigGb|maTZm(teTAeT[tza malPikTaMgLay LvenHtzaKteRkInrMlwk
GkTaMgLayza

sgarTaMgBYgEdlbc&ytakEtg

manesckIvinaseTACaZmta

GkTaMgLaycUrRbkbkicTaMgBYg

EdlCaRbeyaCnrbsxnnig

RbeyaCnGkdTedayesckIminRbmaTcuH tzaKtnwgbriniBVankgkalminyUrbunaneT edaykalkngeTA 3 ExeT[tcabtaMgBIzenHeTA .

RBHGg<RTgsEmgbneT[tza CnTaMgLayNaenAv&yekg v&ycMerInehIykI CabuK<lJlCabNitkI

CaGkmanCaGkRkIRkkI

CnTaMg

- 105 enaHsuTEtmanesckIsabrgcaMxagmuxCanic malPikTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCaqaMgdIEdlCagqaMgeZVIehIy TaMgtUcTaMgZM TaMgeqATaMgqin qaMgTaMgenaH

suTEtEbkZayGnrZaneTAvijTaMgGs
RCuleTAmuxehIy

malPikTaMgLay

CIvittzaKtenAslticehIy

v&yntzaKt

tzaKtnwgcakGkTaMg

LayeTAminyUreLIy .
RKaenaHevlaRBwk RBHGrhnsmasmTRTgyageTAkanRkugevsalI
edIm|IbiN:t

eBlRBHGg<RTgyagRtLbmkvij

RBHPkRBmTaMgRBHkay

RTgQbehIyEbr

RBHenRtTtemIlRkugevsalIedaynaKavelak

emIldUcdMrIEbremIleRkay

ehIyRTgRtasnigRBHGannza

malGann

kareXIjRkugevsalIntzaKtkgeBlenH CaRKacugeRkayehIy .

RTgTtRkugevsalIedaynaKavelak

escyageTAPNRKam
lMdabenaH RBHbrmelaknazRBmTaMgPiksgeRcInGg< CaBuTsav&k

RTgescyageTAPUmiPNRKam kgPUmienHRBHGg<RTgRbTanOvaTnigPikTaMgLayedayGriyZm( KWsIl smaZi bJa nigvimuti edayRTgRtasza

malPikTaMgLay ehtueRJHmin:nRtasdwg min:ncakZHnUvGriyZm( 4 Rbkar KWsIl smaZi bJa nigvimuti eTIbtzaKtCasasa nigGkTaMg
LayCasav&k

Rtacrg<atGenaleTAmkedayCatikMeNItkgPBtUcPBZMGskald*yUryagenH

emah;

KWesckIvegVgggwtgglCaeRK]gbiT:Mg

bJaminoRtasdwgnUvZm(TaMg 4 RbkarenH CaehtunaMotzaKtnigGkTaMgLayesaysgSarTukCaGenkb|kar . malPikTaMgLay LvenH

sIl smaZi bJa nigvimuti CaGriyZm(enaH tzaKtnigGkTaMgLay:nRtasdwgehIy :ncakZHehIy tNaCaehtuoekItkgPB tzaKtnig
GkTaMgLay:nkatpacehIy tNaCaeRK]gnaMeTAkgPB dUcCaExScgCabng
i eCIgEkkrbUtehIy tNaenaHminGacsagPB:neT[teLIy Lv
enHkarekItntzaKtkI nGkTaMgLaykI minmaneT[teLIy . teTAeT[tRBHsBVJRTgsEmgGanisgSnRtsikaza sIlCaeRK]gRTKuNviess
zakelI dUcEpndICaTIGaRs&ynkargarTaMgLay sIlbrisuTC
aeRK]gGbrMsmaZi smaZiCaKuNZm(manGanisgSRkElg smaZiGbrMbJa bJa
CaKuNCatimanplanisgSd*ZM bJaGbrMcit citmanbJaGbrMehIyrEmgdlnUvvimutiputcakGasv;TaMgBYg EdlCaeRK]gRtaMkgsnan KWkamasv;

- 106 Pvasv; GviCasv; eZVIGasv;TaMgBYgovinassabsUneTAtmanesssleLIy sikaTaMg 3 enHCabdibTanvimuti > Casar;kgZmvin&yenH

sav&kTaMgLay:nseRmcnUvvimutienaH eRJH:neZVIobribUN(kgRtsikaenHg .

escyageTAePaKnKr
RKaenaH RBHd*manbuNRTgyageTAePaKnKr :nqgkatPUmihtIRKam GmRKamnigCmRKamtamlMdab eTIbmkdlePaKnKr RTgRbzabenA
GnnectIyk
gePaKnKrenaH

TIenHRBHbrmsasaRTgRbTanOvaTnigPiksgBImhabeTs

Rbkar

edIm|ICaeRK}gvinic&ykMNtdwgza

enHCa

RBHZm(vn
i &y Castsasna nigminEmnCaZm(vin&y minEmnCastsasna manGtn&yza ?
ebImanbuK<lNamkGagRBHsasakI GagRBHsgkI GagKN;buK<lkI ehIysEmgza enHCaRBHZm(CaRBHvin&y enHCastsasnaza
:nsabmkBIRBHmanRBHPaKkI BIRBHsgkI BIKN;BIPikGkRTRTgRBHZm(vin&y GkTaMgLaykMRu bjabeRtkGrTTYlPasitrbsPikEdlmkGag
enaH

ehIykMuRbjabbdiesZPasitenaHecaleLIy

EtKb|IsikSabTBJn;oBitR:kd

ehIynaMmkeRb[beZ[bkgRBHsURt

nigeRb[beZ[bkg

RBHvin&y ebIeXIjzaPasitenaHRsbKakgRBHsURt EteZ[bkgRBHvin&yminRsbKaeT Kb|Isnidanza minEmnCaBuTvcn; PikenHTTYlmkxus naM

mkeX{gXatehIy dUecHk*minKYreC]eT . kalNamann&yRsbKakgRBHsURt RsbKakgRBHvin&y minxusmineX{gXateT Kb|Isnidanza
enHCaJkrbsRBHbrmsasaehIy PikenH:nsabmkedayl minxusminvibriteT .
RBHbrmsasaRTgRbzabenAGannectIye naH RTgRtassEmgZmkzaBIRtsikaeRcInCagZm(dTTaMgGs .
znigExecHEtkngeTACalMdab CitdlkMNttamktikaEdlRTgdakRBHCnayusgarza putBIenHeTA 3 ExeT[ttzaKtnwgbriniBVan RKaenaH
RBHsBVJBuTRbzabkgePaKnKrtamsmKYr ehIyRTgyagRBmTaMgPiksgsav&keTA:vanKr RkugmYyeT[tkgrdml; kgnKrenHRBHmanRBHPaK
RTgRbzabenAGmv&n KWcMkarsVayrbsnaycunkmarbuRt buRtrbsCagmas cun;:nRCabza RBHelaknazyagmkdl:va ehIyRbzabkg
cMkarsVayrbsxn k*RbjabeTAKalRBHd*manbuN zVaybg<MehIyk*Gg<y
kgTId*smKYr RBHelaknazRTgsMEdgZmIkzaeR:snaycunkmarbuRt
oeXIjkgkmnigplnkm

omanesckIrIkraykahanehIy

naycun;:nRkabTUlnimnRBHsasa

RBmTaMgPiksgedIm|ITTYlPtahareBl

RBwkEskza sUmRBHmanRBHPaKRBmTaMgPiksg TTYlPtaharrbsxM\RBHGg<kgzEskenH RBHbrmRKRTgTTYlnimnedaytuNP

I aB . naycun
kmarbuRtdwgzaRBHGg<RTgTTYlehIy eTIbzVaybg<M eZVIRbTkSiNehIyk*eC[secjeTA .

- 107 -

PtaharcugeRkay
zEdlnaycunkmarbuRtnimnRBHbrmelaknazenaH KWmunbriniBVanmYyz luHRBlwmeLIgnaycunkmarbuRt:nzVaybcimbiN:tTanenaHKW
zGg<ar 15 ekIt ExBisax qaMmSaj . eBlRBwkzenaH RBHsBVJBuTRBmTaMgPiksgsav&k escyageTAtamkicnimnenaH cunkmarbuRt:no
tubEtgPtaharyagRbNit edaymanmMs;sUkr sacRCk CaeRcIn luHcatEcgPtaharrYcehIy k*obursmakeTApldMNwgBIPtkal . RBwk
enaHRBHsBVJBuTR BmTaMgPiksgCaeRcIn RKgcIvrRbdabeday:RttamsmN;vt escyagecjBIGmv&neTAdleKhdanrbsnaycunkmarbuRt
RBHGg<RTgRbzabelIBuTGasn; ehIyRTgRtasehAnaycunk
marbuRtmkza malcunkmarbuRt mMs;sUkrEdlGk:ncatEcgCabiN:tTanenaH
GkcUrykmkzVaycMeJHtzaKtedaymMs;enaHcuH

ehIyPtahar

dTEdlGk:ntubEtgehIyenaH GkcUrzVaydlPiksgTaMgBYg
cuH cunkmarbuRtTTYlBuTdIkaehIy eTIbnaMRBHRkyaesayRbkb
edaymMs;sUkrmkzVayRBHbrmRK
dT

zVayPiksgedayPtahar

cMENkEdlenAslRTgRtasoykeTAkbecalkgreNA

TaMgGs eRJHzaeRkABIRBHGg<ehIy minmanGkNamakbriePaKo

rlay:neLIy

luHrYcBIPtkicehIy

RBHPKvnmunIRTg

GnuemaTnaedayZmIkza ocunkmarbuRtrIkraykgkgkuslehIy
escyagRBmTaMgPiksgRtLbeTAvij .
kalRBHmanRBHPaK
mk

PtaharcugeRkay

RTgesayPtaharrbsnaycunenaH

RBHPKvnmunIRTgRBHRbQYnd*xaMgka

ZakQam

edaybknikaJZ

cuH

beg,ItesckITukevTnaekARBHvrkayesIrEtbriniBVan

eZVIoRBHGg<eRskTwkyagxaMg RBHsBVJRTgtm,lstism|CJ; RTgminRkvlRkvayeLIy RTgGtRTaMnUvTukevTnaenaHedayGZivasnxnK

i uN
ehIytaMgRBHsti:nCaRbRktIvij

ehIyRtasnigRBHGannza

malGann

eyIgeTAnKrkusinara

RBHGannTTYlBuTdIkaehIyTUldlPiksg

- 108 TaMgLayoRCab edIm|IeZVIdMeNIreTAnKrkusinara CaRkugmYyeT[tenArdml; .

luHRBHsasaescyagmkdlJkkNalpv

RBHeraKenaHk*keRmIkeLIgeT[t

RTglM:kRBHkayxaMgNas

eTIbescyageTARbzab

eRkammbeQImYyedIm ehIyRTgRtasbg<abRBHGannza malGann qabeLIg GkcUrRkalsMBtsgadIRtYtKaCa 4 CanotzaKt tzaKten]y

Nas tzaKtnwgsRmakbM:tesckl
I M:kkaybnic Gannk*RkalsMBtsgadIzVayRBHGg< RBHGg<RTgRbzabehIyRtasnigGannza mal
Gann

GkcUreTAdgTwksRmabqanmkotzaKt

esckIRkhayosb

GannRkabTUlza

tzaKtnwgqanrMgab

bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn

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- 111 -

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- 136 elIkTI1 R:rBer]gsuPTPike Jlvacaminsmrm nigR:rBedIm|IoRBHBuTsasnaruger]ger[grhUtmk manPikcUlrYmeZVIsg<aynaelIkTI1

cMnYn

500

Gg<

RBHmhaksSb;CaRbZan

mannaTICaGksYr

RBH:lICaGkvisCnaeqIyRBHvin&y

RBHGannCaGkvisCnaRBHsURtRBHZm(

RBH:TGCatsRtvCasasnUbtmk eZVIenAstbNKUhaPMevParbBt( RkugraCRKwH rdmKZ; RbeTsNa eRkayRBHBuTbriniBVan:n 3 Ex eZVI 7

ExeTIbcbedaybribUN( .
elIkTI2 R:rBer]gPikvCIbuts
Emgvt 10 RbkareRkARBHZm(vin&y manPikcUlrYmeZVIsg<aynaelIkTI2 mancMnn
Y 700 Gg< RBHyskakNkbuRtCaRbZan RBHervt;mannaTICaGksYr RBHsBVkamICaGkvisCna RBH:TkalaesakraCCasasnUbtmk eZVIenAvalikaramvalukaram
RkugevsalI rdvCI RbeTsNa eRkayRBHBuTbriniBVan 100 qaM eZVI 8 ExeTIbcbbribUN( .
elIkTI3

R:rBer]gBYkGntirIyb
nMcUlbYslayLMnigPiksgkgRBHBuTsasna manPikcUlrYmeZVIsg<aynaelIkenHcMnYn

1000

Gg<

RBHemaK<lIbuRttisSetrCaRbZan mannaTICaGksYr RBHPikkg:dlIbutT

aMgGsCaGkvisCna ebImanPikGg<NaeqIyxusRBHZm(vn
i &yk*cabswk
RBH:TGesakmharaC RBH:TsirIZmaesakraCCasasnUbtmk eZVIenAGesakaram :dlIbut rdmKZ; RbeTsNa eRkayRBHBuTbriniBVan
234 qaM eZVI 9 ExeTIbcbbribUN( .
elIkTI3

enH

:ncatsmN;TUteTARbkasRBHsasnakgRbeTsepSg>

RBHemaK<lIbuttisSetr CaGkoKMnitedIm|IpSBVpSayeTAkanTITaMgLayenaH .
smN;TUtEdlnimneTARbkasRBHBuTsasnaman 9 pv KW ?
pv TI1 KN;RBHmCnikezr; nimneTArdksSmIr Knar; .
pvTI2 KN;RBHmhaeTvezr; nimneTAmhisDl msr .
pvTI3 KN;RBHrkitezr; nimneTAvnvasI .
pvTI4 KN;RBHZmrkitezr; nimneTAGbrnRbeTs .
pvTI5 KN;RBHmhaZmrkitezr; nimneTAmhard xagedImswgeKaZavarI .
pvTI6 KN;RBHmharkitezr;
sBVzRkicRKbRKg .

nimneTAeyankRbeTs KWRbeTsGiurg TIenaH

eZVIsg<ayna

- 137 pvTI7 KN;RBHmCimezr; nimneTAen:l .

pvTI8 KN;RBHesaNezr;nigRBHtrezr; nimneTAsuvNPUmi .
pvTI9 KN;RBHmhinezr; nimneTARbeTssirIlg,a .
pvnimYy>manRBHPikminticCag 5 Gg< edIm|IgayRslkgkarbMbYscMeJHGkmansTaRCHza .
elIkTI4 R:rBedIm|IRbtisanRBHBuTsasnaenAlg,aTVIb o:nmaMmYn manPikcUlrYmeZVIsg<aynaelIkenH cMnYn 1000 Gg< RBHmhine tr
CaRbZan nigmannaTICaGksYr RBHGridC
aGkvisCna RBH:TeTvanm|iytisSCasasnUbtmk eZVIenAzU:ramGnuraZburI RbeTssirIlg,a eRkay
RBHBuTbriniBVan 236 qaM eZVI 10 ExeTIbcbbribUN( .
elIkTI5

R:rBer]gRBHsgbMrugnwgEbkKaCa 2

KWRBHsgxagmhavihar nigxagGP&yKirIvihar .

R:rBza teTAGnaKtrkGkecHcaM

RBHZm(vin&yedaymatTeTminman eRJHsg<ayna 4 dgkngmkenaH suTEtTenjcaMmatTeTTaMgGs teTAxagmuxxacERkgmankarxus eTIbR:rB

edIm|IcarwkCatYGkSrcuHkgswkrwt manPikcUlrYmeZVIsg<aynaelIkTI5 enHmancMnYn 1600 Gg< edaymanRBHBuTTtCaRbZan nigmannaTICaGksYr
RBHmhatisSCaGkvisCna RBH:TvdKamnIGP&yCasasnUbtmk eZVIenAGaelakelNml&yCnbT mtelCnbT RbeTssirIlg,a eRkay
RBHBuTbriniBVan:n 450 qaM eZVI 1 qaeM TIbcbbribUN(ehag .

zsMxanrbsRBHsasa
1 cuHcabbdisnk
i gpRBHnagsirimhamayaCaRBHmata zRBhs|t 15 ekItExGasaZ qaMrka .
2 RbsUtzsuRk 15 ektExBisax qaMc evlazCitRtg enAsYnOTanluminI .
3 RTgesayraCsm|tei nAzesAr 15 ekIt ExGasaZ qaMqv kgRBHCnayu 16 vsSa manRBHnagBima yesaZraCaGK<mehsI .
4 RTgyagecjsagRBHpsenAzRBhs|t 15 ekIt ExGasaZ qaMezaH enACitswgGenama kgRBHCn 29 vsSa eRkayBIRTg
esayraCsm|ti:n 13 qaM .
5 RTg:nRtasCaRBHBuTe nAzBuZ 15 ekIt ExBisax qaMrka kgRBHCnayu 35 vsSa enAKyasIsRbeTs ruevlniKm mKZ;rd .

- 138 6 RTgsEmgZmck,enAz 15 ekIt ExGasaZ qaMrka enAsibtnmiKTayv&n CitRkugJraNsI rdkasI .

7 RTgRbCMusni:tenAz 15 ekIt ExmaX qaMrka enAvtevLv&n CitRkugraCRKwH rdmKZ; .
8 RTgkMNtRBHCnayusgarenAzGaTit 15 ekIt ExmaX qaMerag enA:valectIy .
9 RTgyagcUlbriniBVanenAzGg<ar 15 ekIt ExBisax qaMmSaj enARkugkusinara rdml; kgRBHCnayu 80 RBHvsSa .
10 BiZIzVayRBHePIgenAzGg<ar 7 eraC ExBisax qaMmSaj enAmkudBnnectIy xagekItRkugkusinara rdml; .

zsMxanTakTgnigRBHCnayunRBHsasa
1 RBHCnayu:n 5 z taMgRBHnam .
2 RBHCnayu:n 7 z RBHmatacUlTivg<t .
3 RBHCnayu:n 7 qaM RTgsikSasil|saRs .
4 RBHCnayu:n 16 qaM RTgGPiesk .
5 RBHCnayu:n 29 qaM manRBHraCbuRtnigecjbBVCa .
6 RBHCnayu:n 35 qaM RTgRtasdwg .
7 RBHCnayu:n 80 qaM RTgcUlbriniBVan .

- 139 -

zsMxankgRBHBuTsasna 1 qaMman 3 dg
1 GasaLbU
Ca
GasaLbUCa enAmYyzeT[tcUlvsSa KWz 15 ekIt ExGasaZ qaMrka enAsibtnmiKTayv&n CitRkugJraNsI rdkasI CazsMxan

kgRbvtisasnRBHBuTsasnadUcteTAenH KW ?
1 RTgbdisni .
2 yagecjbBVCa .
3 zEdlRBHBuTRTgRbkasRBHsasnaCaRKadMbUg .
4 zEdlRBHbrmsasa RTgsEmgRBHZmck,b|vtnsURt .
5 zekIteLIgnRBHGriysgsav&kmundMbUgbgs KWRBHGJaekaNJ; :nbYsCaRKadMbUgkgelak .
6 RBHsgekIteLIgRKbGg<rtn;TaMg 3 KWRBHBuT RBHZm( nigRBHsg .
7 RTgsMEdg:dihar .

2 maXbUCa
maXbUCa KWz 15 ekIt ExmaX qaMrka enAvtevLv&n CitRkugraCRKwH rdmKZ; CazsMxankgRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasna KWRBHGg<
RTgsEmgRBH:tiemakkgTIRbCMusgGg<RBHGrhnsav&k RbkbedayGg< 4 Rbkar ehAzacturg<sni:t KWkarRbCMuRBmeTAedayGg< 4 KW ?
1 RBHsgTaMgenaH suTEthiPikbsm|Ta KWbMbYsedayRBHsBVJpal .
2 RBHsgTaMgenaH suTEtRBHGrhn:nGPiJa 6 .
3 RBHsgTaMgenaH mancMnYn 1250 Gg<mkRbCMuedaymin:nsnaKaTukmkBImuneLIy .

- 140 4 zenaHCaz 15 ekItExmaX .

sMxanmYyeT[t KWCazRBHGg<RTgkMNtdakRBHCnayusgar KWzGaTit 15 ekIt ExmaX qaMerag enA:valectiy RBHGg<RTgRtasza
rabBIzenHeTA 3 ExeT[t tzaKtnwgcUlbriniBVanehIy .
sMxanmYyeT[t

CazRBHsasaRTgEtgtaMgGK<sav&kkgvtevLv&n

KWz

15

ekIt

ExmaX

Cazmhasni:t

RBHsarIbutkgfan;Ca

GK<sav&kxagsaM RBHemaK<lanfan;CaGK<sav&kxageqVg .

3 BisaxbUCa
BisaxbUCa CazsMxanbMputkgRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasna catCazmg<ld*tm
eRJHsMxandleTA 7 yag KW ?
1 RTgTTYlBakrNBIRBHBuTRTgRBHnamza TIbg,r .
2 edImeJZiRBwkSekIteLIg .
3 RBHGg<RTgRbsUtzsuRk 15 ekItExBisax qaMc .
4 RBHGg<RTgRtasdwgzBuZ 15 ekItExBisax qaMrka .
5 RBHGg<RTgyagcUlbriniBVanzGg<ar 15 ekItExBisax qaMmSaj .
6 RTgRbTanOvaTcugeRkay .
7 ZatubriniBVan .
Caer]gGsar eRJHzExTaMg 3 :nmkcMKaCazExEtmYy dUecHzsMxanTaMg 3 BisaxbUCasMxanCagzTaMg 2 xagedIm .

- 141 -

Gg<karshRbCaCatiTTYls<alzvisaxbUCa
karRbCMuKNkmkarGg<karshRbCaCati :nBicarNanigmanmtirYmKaRbkaszvisaxbUCa

CazsMxannmnusSelak

TaMgenHeRJHrMlwk

dlmhakruNaTiKuNrbsRBHsmasmT CamhabursRTgRbTanesckIemtadlstVelak GaceXIjBIkarelIkElgRbkanvN; k*dUcCaelIk

Elgx\MbMerIdacz edayminmankarbgrQameLIy eRkABIenH RTgGPirkSstV eRJHRBHGg<RbedAminosmabstV RTgoecHCYystV . ehtupl
mYyeT[t RTgebIkOkasoRKbsasnamksikSakgBuTsasna edIm|IBiesaZkarBit edaymin:cpassasnamkcUlRBHBuTsasna RTgmin
:nKitBIplRbeyaCnkartbsgeLIy .
kgkarRbCMu International Buddhist Conference enARkugkULMbU rvagzTI 9 rhUtzTI 14 Exvicika Bs 2542 edaymantMNagmkBIRbeTs
GkkanBuTsasnacUlrYmcMnYneRcIn dUcCa bgkaeds cin Exr lav kUerxagt|g ev[tNam PUtan GindUeNsIu en:l Na :KIsan nig
RbeTsz :nrYmKaesIrdlGg<karshRbCaCatioTTYlykmti ehIyRbkaszvisaxbUCa CazQbnshRbCaCati .
tMNagRbeTsepSg> kgNcin:neZVIdMeNIreTARbeTssirIlg,a edIm|ICYbrdmnIRksYgkarbreTHsirIlg,a kgBs 2543 :nelIk
bJavisaxbUCamkBiPakSaKa ehIy:nCYyeRCamERCgBIRbeTsepSg>edayl .
KN;TUtRbeTssirIlg,a RbcaMGg<karshRbCaCati enARkugnIvyk :nRJgmti nigmankareRCamERCgBIRbeTsepSg> edIm|IoTTYlmti
RbkaszvisaxbUCa CazQbsRmaknshRbCaCati EdlGg<karshRbCaCati mankarRbCMusamJelIkTI 54 .
edaysarGg<karshRbCaCati
QbzvisaxbUCa

:nRbkasomanzQbeRcInehIy

nigbJazvikacMeJHGg<karshRbCaCatipg

tMNagRbeTssirIlg,aRBagmtiesIrsMuGg<karshRbCaCati

ozvisaxbUCa

CazsMxansakl

eTIbminGacRbkaso

CMnYszQbsRmakvij

tMNagRbeTsepSg> rYm 16 RbeTs KW ?

RbeTssirIlg,a bgkaeds PUtan kmCa lav m&ldIvs mgeh<alI PUma en:l :KIsan hVIlB
i n
i kUerxagt|g s|aj Na z
nigyERKn :nrYmKacuHhtelxa ehIyCUnGg<karshRbCaCati edIm|IoykzvisaxbUCacUlCareb[bvar;kgGg<RbCMu .
eRkaymkzTI

24 Exvicika Bs 2543

General Committee

Gg<karshRbCaCati:nBicarNabJavisaxbUCaenaH

edaymantMNag

RbeTssirIlg,a enAGg<karshRbCaCati :nEzgKaMRTksarenaH sMuoGg<RbCMubJlreb[bvar;enaH edIm|IGg<karshRbCaCati:nBicarNa .

- 142 kalBIzTI 15 ExZ Bs 2543 Gg<RbCMs

u amJrbsGg<karshRbCaCatielIkTI 54 :nBicarNatamreb[bvar;TI 174 International
recognition of the Day of Vesak edaykaresIrrbsRbeTssirIlg,a . RbZanGg<karshRbCaCati:nGeJIjtMNagRbeTssirIlg,amkEzgRBag
mtiesIrsMu nigGeJIjtMNagRbeTssigburI bgkaeds PUtan s|aj PUma en:l :KIsan Na eLIgmkEzgsrub edaymanGtn&yza
zvisaxbUCa CazsMxan eRJHCazRbsUt Rtasdwg nigbriniBVanrbsRBHmanRBHPaK RBHGg<RTgRbedAstVelakedaybJa omnusSCatiman
emtaZm( nigxnIZm( edIm|Isnisuxksg<mmnusS EdlCaeKalkarNsMxanrbsGg<karshRbCaCati Gg<karshRbCaCaticatomankarrMlwk
dlzvisaxbUCa observance .
Gg<RbCMu:nTTYls<almtienHBIkGK<rdTUtRbeTssirIlg,aCak,cn enARkugnIvyk .

KYrbdibtidUcemckgzsMxanTaMg 3 /
kgzsMxanTaMg 3 enH BuTsasnikCnTaMgLay EdleC]CakkgRBHBuTsasna RtvCRmHcitosat ehIyeZVITanrkSasIl 5 sIl 8
eZVIsmaZi zVayeRK]gsk,ar;bUCa nignms,ar edIm|IrMlwkdlKuNRBHrtn;TaMg 3 KWRBHBuT RBHZm( nigRBHsg . dleBlRBlb eZVIBiZIdEg
RbTkSiN 3 CMRu BHsbectiy EdlmanRBHbrmZatu CMuvijRBHviharEdlmanRBHBuTrUb edImeJZik*:n kgBiZd
I EgenHRtvykZUb 3 edIm eT[n
2 edIm p,aQUkRkBMu 3 p,aGVIk*:n ykmkcgrYmKa ebIRBHviharRtvcUleTAkgRBHvihar RbZannaMsURtkgBiZItamzsMxanenaH> ehIyRBHsg
RtveTsnaGZib|ayoRtvnigBiZIenaH>Edr rYcehIyecjmkxageRkARKbKaGuCeT[nnigZUb EdleZVIrYcehIyenaH dEgRbTkSiNeTAxagsaMd 3 CMu
> TI1 sURt tibiesa PKva .l. CMuTI2 sURt sVakaeta PKvta .l. CMuTI3 sURt sub|dibena .l.

cb

matika
1

BuTb|vti

EdndINa

karEckvN;

10

sk,;CnbT

12

lkN;rbsRBHmhaburs

14

RBHeJZistVb|tienAfantusit

16

RBHnagsirimhamayaRTgsubinnimit

18

RTgRbsUt

19

RBHeJZistVRbsUtmkPamecHniyayman 3 Cati

20

shCati GkekItrYmnigRBHeBaZistV

20

GsittabscUlKaledIm|IsYrsuxTuk

22

taMgRBHnam

23

RBHmatacUlTivg<t

24

:nbfmCan nigRTgsikSasil|viTa

25

RTgGPiesk

26

ehtuRTgyagecjbBVCa

30

RTgsikSakgsMNaktabs

32

kMeNItbJvK<Iy

33

RTgeZVITuk,rkiriya

34

karBicarNaedayTidanuKti 3 yag

35

bJvK<IyecjecalRBHGg<

36

RtasdwgCasmasemaZiJaN

41

RtasdwgCasmasemaZiJaN

42

RBHnamBiess

42

RTgesayvimutisux

43

marmancit:b

47

eTsnaZidan

49

GayusgaraZidan

50

buK<lKYrTTYlbfmeTsna

53

RTgsEmgZmck,b|vtnsURt

55

Zmck

55

hiPikbsm|Ta

56

RTgsEmgGntlkNsURt

57

sEmgGnubuBVIkza

59

bfm:skdlrtn;TaMg 3

60

RBHGrhnGg<TI 7

60

bfm:sika

61

mitrbsRBHysbYstam

62

RTgbJnsav&keTARbkasRBHsasna

64

PTvK<IybBVCa

66

eR:sCdil 3 nakbgbn

71

RTgsEmgGaTitbriyaysURt

72

RTgseRmceKalbMNg 2 Rbkar

75

RBHGK<sav&k

76

btisSnigekalit:nZmck

80

RBHemaK<lanseRmcGrhn

80

RBHsarIbutseRmcRBHGrhn

82

bMbYsmhaksSb;

83

RTgsEmgOvaT:tiemak

85

RTgGnuJatjtictutkmbsm|Ta

86

shCatiseRmcRBHGrhn

88

RBHbitaseRmcmK<pl

89

sameNrGg<dMbUgkgRBHBuTsasna

90

GannCakMBUlbdak

92

zVayvteCtBn

93

BuTbitabriniBVan

94

RBHnagbCabtieKatmITUlRBHsasasMubYs

98

RTgeR:sBuTmata

99

RTgkMNtdakGayusgar

102 ehtuEdlnaMoEpndIrJy
104 escyageTARBmhav&n
105 escyageTAPNRKam
106 escyageTAePaKnKr
107 PtaharcugeRkay

109 RBHkayRsspUrpgman 2 kal

110 biN:t 2 RKamanplesIKa
111 RTgpMGnudanesya
111 RTgR:rBsk,arbUCa
112 RTgsEmgkarRbRBwteTAneTvta
113 RTgsEmgsMevCnIydan 4 kEng
114 PikKb|IRbtibtikgsIPaB
114 viZIRbtibticMeJHRBHsrIr;
115 buK<lKYrdlRBHsb
116 RTgRbTanOvaTnigRtassresIrRBHGann
117 RBHGannRkabTUloescyageTAbriniJVnenATIdT
118 RTgopldMNwgbriniBVandlkSRtmlraC
118 sav&kcugeRkay
121 RTgRbTanOvaTdlRBHPiksg
121 RTgoPikehAKaedayKarvevahar
122 bciemavaT JkdMbUnancugeRkay
123 RTgbriniBVan
124 RBheJlKaza
124 sk,eTvraC:neJlza
124 RBHGnuruTetrelak:neJlza
125 RBHbrmsB
126 zVayRBHePIg
128 CitekItsg<am

130 EckRBHbrmsarIrikZatu
131 Zatuectiy
132 briePaKectIy
133 Zmectiy
133 eTsikectiy
134 BuTkic CakicRbcaMzrbsRBHmanRBHPaK 5 yag
135 sg<Itikza KWkarer[ber[gep{gpatRBHZmvin&y
135 sg<aynaKWGVI /
137 zsMxanrbsRBHsasa
138 zsMxanTakTgnigRBHCnayunRBHsasa
139 zsMxankgRBHBuTsasna 1 qaMman 3 dg
139 GasaLbUCa

139 maXbUCa
140 BisaxbUCa
141 Gg<karshRbCaCatiTTYls<alzvisaxbUCa
142 KYrbdibtidUcemckgzsMxanTaMg 3 /