1

gii chi tit thi th i hc - m 592

Cu 1. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nhau phi khng ging nhau v s hiu nguyn t (Z) m
s hiu nguyn t (Z) = s proton (P) = s electron (E)
Nhng do hin tng ng v, cc nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc c th khc
nhau v s notron (s khi), do nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nhau c th c s notron ging
nhau
VD:
14
6
C (6 proton, 8 notron) v
16
8
C ( 8 proton, 8 notron)
p n ng l B
Cu 2. X
3+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
[Ar]3d
5

X: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
[Ar]3d
6
4s
2

p n ng l A
*Ch : Nguyn t kim loi nhng cc electron ha tr trc tin lp ngoi cng, sau mi n
cc electron ha tr phn lp st lp ngoi cng (nguyn t d, f, phn lp ny c s electron cha
bo ha)
Cu 3. Cc cht c cu trc tinh th nguyn t (kim cng) tinh th ion (mui n NaCl), tinh th
kim loi (nhm), chng khng tn ti phn t ring l, m tinh th l mt phn t khng l
p n ng l A
Cu 4. Xt cc phng n:
A.
+1
n 2n+2
C H C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
o
Phn ng oxi ha kh
B. Na + ROH
+1

RONa + 1/2H
2
o
Phn ng oxi ha kh
C. CO
2
+ H
2
O + C
6
H
5
ONa C
6
H
5
OH + NaHCO
3

Khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
-1 -1 -2 0
D. 2CH=CH CH
2
=CH-CCH Phn ng oxi ha kh
p n ng l C
Cu 5. V n
FeO
=
2 3
Fe O
n , do c th coi hn hp ch c Fe
3
O
4
(FeO.Fe
2
O
3
)

3 4
Fe O
2,32
n = = 0,01 (mol)
232

PTHH: Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
0,01 0,08 (mol)
Suy ra: V
ddHCl
=
0,08
= 0,08
1
(lt)
p n ng l A
*Ch :
- Fe
3
O
4
(oxit st t) coi l hn hp FeO, Fe
2
O
3
(s mol FeO bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
)
- Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl thc t l: FeO.Fe
2
O
3
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
Cu 6. Theo bi ra:
2
O
48
n = = 1,5 (mol)
32

Xt cc phng n:
A. 2KMnO
4

o
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
|
mol 1 0,5
loi
B. 2NaNO
3

o
t
2NaNO
2
+ O
2
|
mol 1 0,5
loi


2
C. 2HgO
o
t
2Hg + O
2
|
mol 1 0,5
loi

D. 2KClO
3

o
t cao
2KCl + 3O
2
|
mol 1 1,5
tha mn yu cu bi ton
p n ng l D
Cu 7. Khi tng nng , p sut, nhit , din tch b mt cht phn ng tn s va chm (s
ln va chm trong mt n v thi gian) gia cc cht phn ng tng tc phn ng tng. p
n ng l A
Cu 8. Th nghim 1. n
Cu
= 0,06 (mol);
3
HNO
n = 0,08 (mol)
3 Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
mol 0,06 0,08
Cu d, HNO
3
ht V
1
= 0,02.V (lt)
Th nghim 2: n
Cu
= 0,06 (mol),
+
H
n = 0,16 mol ;
-
3
NO
n = 0,08 mol
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
mol 0,06 0,16 0,08
Cu ht V
2
= 0,04.V (lt)
*Ch : V
2
= 2V
1
. p n ng l B
Ch : S dng phng trnh ion rt gn gii
Cu 9. PTP: Cu + 4HNO
3
(c) Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
tng h s cc cht trong PTHH l 1 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 10
p n ng l B
Cu 10. Xt cc dung dch:
* Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
: Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+ CO
3
2

CO
3
2
+ H
2
O

HCO
3

+ OH

HCO
3

+ H
2
O

H
2
CO
3
+ OH

* Dung dch NH
4
HCO
3
: NH
4
HCO
3
NH
4
+
+ HCO
3

NH
4
+

H
+
+ NH
3

HCO
3

H
+
+ CO
3
2

HCO
3

+ H
2
O

H
2
CO
3
+ OH
* Dung dch (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
: (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
2NH
4
+
+ CO
3
2

NH
4
+

H
+
+ NH
3

CO
3
2
+ H
2
O

HCO
3

+ OH
Vy dung dch c pH thp nht ( axit ln nht) l NH
4
HCO
3
ri n (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
v cui
cng l Na
2
CO
3
.
p n ng l B
*Ch : Gi tr pH cng nh th axit ca mi trng cng ln v pH cng ln th axit ca mi
trng cng nh, kim ca mi trng cng ln
Cu 11. Xt cc phng n:
A. CH
3
COONa (3) CH
4
(4) C
2
H
6
(1) C
2
H
4
Br
2
(2) CH
3
CHO (5)
Loi, v CH
4
khng th chuyn thnh C
2
H
6
bng 1 phn ng ha hc
B. CH
4
(4) C
2
H
6
(1) C
2
H
4
Br
2
(2) CH
3
COONa (3) CH
3
CHO (5)
Loi, v l do nh A

3
C. C
2
H
4
Br
2
(2) C
2
H
6
(1) CH
3
CHO (5) CH
3
COONa (3) CH
4
(4)
Loi, v C
2
H
6
khng th chuyn thnh CH
3
CHO bng 1 phn ng ha hc
D. C
2
H
6
(1) C
2
H
4
Br
2
(2) CH
3
CHO (5) CH
3
COONa (3) CH
4
(4)
Tha mn v:
C
2
H
6
+ 2Br
2

as
CH
3
CHBr
2
+ 2HBr

CH
3
CHBr
2
+ 2NaOH
o
t
[CH
3
CH(OH)
2
] + 2NaBr
CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
CH
3
CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH
o
t
CH
3
COONa + Cu
2
O + 3H
2
O
CH
3
COONa + NaOH
o
CaO, t
CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3

p n ng l D
Cu 12. Gi dn xut monobrom l RBr
M
RBr
= 75,5.2 = 151 R + 80 = 151
R = 71 (C
5
H
11

) CTPT ca ankan l C
5
H
12

V khi brom ha ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht nn ankan ny phi c cu
to:
CH
3

CH
3
-C-CH
3
2,2 - imetylpropan
CH
3
(neopentan)
Tht vy:
CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
-C-CH
3
+ Br
2

as
CH
3
-C-CH
2
Br + HBr
CH
3
CH
3

p n ng l B
Cu 13. Cc phn ng ny u l phn ng oxi ha kh (4 phn ng)
p n ng l D
Cu 14. p n ng l A
Cu 15. Hp cht xeton mch h, n chc c cu to dng R
1
-CO-R
2
(R
1
, R
2
l cc gc
hirocacbon)

t +V
n = (2.5 + 2 - 10)/2 = 1 ( C=O)
Xeton no, h, n chc
Cc ng phn xeton l:
CH
3
-CO-CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
COCH(CH
3
)
2

CH
3
CH
2
COCH
2
CH
3
(3 ng phn)
p n ng l C
Cu 16. Este l CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2

CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
+ H
2
O
+
H

CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CHO
Axetanehit
p n ng l C
Cu 17. p n ng l B
Cu 18. p n ng l C
Cu 19. Cc trng hp xut hin n mn in ha khi tha mn 3 iu kin n mn in ha
- Th nghim 1: Ch c 1 in cc (cc Fe)
- Th nghim 2: Fe + CuSO
4
Cu+ + FeSO
4

Tha mn 3 iu kin: C 2 in cc khc nhau (cc Fe, cc Cu) hai cc ni trc tip vi
nhau, hai in cc c nhng vo mt dung dch cht in li l dung dch CuSO
4

- Th nghim 3: Ch c mt in cc (cc Cu)

4
- Th nghim 4: Tha mn 3 iu kin n mn in ha
Vy c hai trng hp tha mn xut hin n mn in ha (TN
2
v TN
4
)
p n ng l B
Cu 20. PTHH: Al + 4HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
(Al + 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
Al
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O)
S phn t HNO
3
b kh v s phn t HNO
3
to mui nitrat l 1 : 3
p n ng l A
Cu 21. Gang l hp kim ca st vi cacbon (t 2 5% theo khi lng) v mt s nguyn t gang
(Mn, Si,)
Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon ( s 2% theo khi lng) v mt s rt t cc nguyn t khc
Do nguyn tc luyn gang thnh thp l:
Dng O
2
oxi ha cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn trong gang thu c thp:
Si + O
2
SiO
2

4P + 5O
2
2P
2
O
5

S + O
2
SO
2

2Mn + O
2
2MnO
p n ng l A
Cu 22. Xt cc PTHH xy ra khi nung trong khng kh
- 4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2

o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O (phn ng oxi ha kh)
- Cu(OH)
2

o
t
CuO + H
2
O
- Ni(OH)
2

o
t
NiO + H
2
O
- Zn(OH)
2

o
t
ZnO + H
2
O
- 4Cr(OH)
2
+ O
2

o
t
2Cr
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O (phn ng oxi ha kh)
c 2 cht khi nung trong khng kh xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh
p n ng l B
Cu 23. Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l SO
2
v NO
2
:
SO
2
+ NO
2
SO
3
+ NO
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

2NO + O
2
2NO
2

4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
ha tan vo nc ma, to ra ma axit
p n ng l B
Cu 24. V E
pin
lun dng loi phng n A v D
- V Cr c tnh kh mnh hn Sn nn:
2+ 3+ 2+ 2+
o o o o o
(Cr - Sn)
Sn /Sn Cr /Cr Sn /Sn Sn /Sn
E = E - E = E -(-0,74) = E + 0,74 (V)
- V Sn ng trc H trong dy in ha nn
2+
o
Sn /Sn
E < 0
Do
o
(Cr - Sn)
E < 0,74V. p n ng l C
Cu 25. Gi R, r ln lt l bn knh ca nguyn t, ht nhn (cng n v). Ta c: Tit din trn
(S) ca nguyn t: S
nguyn t
= t R
2

Tit din trn (S) ca ht nhn: S
ht nhn
= t r
2

Ta c:
8
S 10
=
S' 1

t
t
2
8
2
R
= 10
r
R
2
/r
2
= 10
8
R/r =
8 4
10 = 10
Vy ng knh (hoc bn knh) ca nguyn t ln hn ng knh ca ht nhn khong 10
4

ln (1 vn ln). p n ng l C
Cu 26. p n ng l D

5
*Ch : Cc i lng, tnh cht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bin thin theo chiu tng ca in
tch ht nhn l
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t
- S electron lp ngoi cng
- Bn knh nguyn t, m in, nng lng ion ha th nht; tnh kim loi; tnh phi kim;
ha tr cao nht vi oxi (oxit cao nht); ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro ca phi kim,
tnh axit, tnh baz ca oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng
Cu 27. Cng thc phn t ca cc n cht :
A. Ozon (O
3
): B. Heli (He)
C. Brom (Br
2
) E. Photpho trng (P
4
)
D. kim cng (C
n
, n v cng ln) F. lu hunh n t (S
8
)
p n ng l D
Cu 28. Hon thnh PTHH:
FeO + 4HNO
3
(c, nng) Fe(NO
3
) + NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Tng h s ca cc cht tham gia phn ng 1 + 4 = 5
p n ng l C
Cu 29. PTHH:
CH
2
Cl-CH-CH
2
-CH
3


CH
3
-CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Cl
2

as, 1 : 1
CH
3
-CCl-CH
2
-CH
3
+ HCl
CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
-CH-CHCl-CH
3

CH
3

CH
3
-CH-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl
CH
3

Vy thu c 4 sn phm monoclo
p n ng l C
Cu 30. Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng:
+7 -1 +2 0
KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
2
MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ O
2
+ H
2
O

+7 +2
2x Mn + 5e Mn
-1 0
5x 2O - 2.1e 2O
2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
+ 5H
2
O 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 5O
2
+ 8H
2
O
Tng h s ca cc cht tham gia phn ng bng 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
p n ng l D
Cu 31. Hng s cn bng K
C
ph thuc vo bn cht v nhit
i vi mt cn bng ha hc xc nh th hng s cn bng ca n ch ph thuc vo nhit
. p n ng l A
*Ch : Gi tr hng s cn bng K
C
ca mt cn bng ha hc khng ph thuc vo nng (C),
p sut (P) v cht xc tc
Cu 32.
2
-3
NO
n = 22,4.10 /22,4 = 0,001 mol
Phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng:
Ag + 2H
+
+ NO
3
-
Ag
+
+ NO
2
+ H
2
O
0,002 mol 0,001 mol 0,001 mol
* Gi s NO
3
-
phn ng ht:

6

-
2 3
3
NO HNO
NO
n = n = n = 0,001 (mol)
V n
HCl
:
3
HNO
n :
2 4
H SO
n = 1 : 5 : 1
n
HCl
= 0,0002 (mol);
2 4
H SO
n = 0,0002 (mol)

+
3 2 4
HCl HNO H SO
H
n = n + n + 2n
= 0,0002 + 0,0001 + 2.0,0002 = 0,0016 (mol)
Theo PTHH:
+
H
n (p) = 2.
-
3
NO
n = 2.0,001 = 0,002 (mol)
Nhng
+
H
n (ban u) = 0,0016 < 0,002 (do , gi thit
-
3
NO phn ng ht l sai). Vy H
+
phn
ng ht (
-
3
NO d)

+
H
n = 0,002 (mol) [H
+
] = 0,002/0,2 = 0,01 (mol) pH = 2
p n ng l C
*Ch : + S dng phng trnh ion rt gn (V H
+
do nhiu axit cung cp)
+ Cn chng minh H
+
phn ng ht (da vo NO
2
chng minh
-
3
NO d
H
+
phn ng ht)
Cu 33. Xt cc phn ng:
a) FeO + 4HNO
3
(c) Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Phn ng oxi ha kh
b) 2FeS + 2H
2
SO
4
(c) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
phn ng oxi ha kh
c) Al
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
(c) 2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
d) Cu + 2FeCl
3
(dd) 2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2

phn ng oxi ha kh
e) CH
3
CHO + H
2

o
Ni, t
CH
3
CH
2
OH
phn ng oxi ha kh
f) CH
2
(OH)(CHOH)
4
CHO + Ag
2
O
3
NH
CH
2
(OH)(CHOH)
4
COOH + 2Ag
phn ng oxi ha kh
g) C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br-CH
2
Br
phn ng oxi ha kh
h) 2C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ Cu(OH)
2
[C
3
H
5
(OH)
2
O]
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
Vy cc phn ng a, b, d, e, f, g l phn ng oxi ha kh
p n ng l D
Cu 34. Theo bi ra: n
CO
=
4,48
= 0,2 (mol)
22,4

t CTHH ca oxit st l Fe
X
O
Y

PTHH: Fe
X
O
Y
+ yCO
o
t
xFe + yCO
2

Theo PTHH: n
CO
=
2
CO
n
n
hh kh sau p/
= n
CO

(ban u)
= 0,2 mol
m
hh kh (sau)
= 0,2.20.2 = 8 (g)
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:

X Y
Fe O kh (trc) Fe kh (sau)
m + m = m + m =
x y
Fe Fe O kh (trc) kh (sau)
m = m + m - m = 8 + 0,2.28 8 = 5,6 (gam)
Do , ta c: x : y =
5,6 8 - 5,6
: = 0,1 : 0,15 = 2 : 3
56 16

Oxit st l Fe
2
O
3


7
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol CO, CO
2
trong hn hp sau phn ng. Ta c:
a + b = 0,2 a = 0,05
28.a + 44.b = 8 b = 0,15

Do : %
2
CO
0,15.100
V = = 75%
0,2
. p n ng l C
Cu 35. Nhn xt:
- Cht hu c n chc X + dung dch HCl (HCl, H
2
O) cht hu c
Y (C, H, O) + Cht hu c Z (C, H, O). Suy ra
+ X + H
2
O
HCl (xt)
Y + Z (v Y, Z khng c clo)
+ X l este (b thy phn, n chc)
+ S mol: n
Y
= n
Z
(v X n chc)
+ Phn t khi M
Y
= M
Z
(v cng khi lng, cng s mol)
+ Z l ancol hoc axit cacboxylic n chc (v sn phm ca phn ng thy phn este n
chc)
- Gi s t chy Z (C
X
H
Y
O
Z
) thu c 88 gam CO
2
(2 mol)

2
H O
m = 45 gam
2
H O
n = 2,5 (mol)
Z dng (C
2
H
5
)
n
O
z
, tha mn khi Z l ancol, n = 2, z = 1
Vy Z l C
4
H
10
O (M = 74)
Suy ra: M
Y
= 74, Y l axit cacboxylic n chc dng RCOOH
R = 74 45 = 29 (C
2
H
5
)
Vy Y l C
2
H
5
COOH; Y l C
7
H
14
O
2

p n ng l D
Cu 36. S chuyn ha:
2CH
4
CHCH CH
2
=CHCl -(CH
2
-CHCl-)
n

2.16 (kg) 62,5 kg
x ? 250 kg

250.2.16
x = = 128 (kg)
62,5

V H = 50% nn khi lng CH
4
thc t cn dng l

4
CH
m
(thc t)
=
128.100
= 256 (kg)
50


4
CH
V
(ktc)
=
3
256.1000.22,4
= 358,4 (m )
16.1000

V CH
4
ch chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin nn:
V
(kh thin nhin)
=
4
CH
V .100
= 448,0
80
(m
3
)
p n ng l D
Cu 37. Theo bi ra:
2
CO
13,2
n = = 0,3 (mol)
44
;
2
H O
3,6
n = = 0,2 (mol)
18

n
(hh ankin)
=
2
CO
n -
2
H O
n = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH vi Br
2
: C
n
H
2n-2
+ 2Br
2
C
n
H
2n-2
Br
4

mol 0,1 0,2
Suy ra
2
Br
m = 0,2.160 = 32 (gam) . p n ng l D
Ch : Khi t chy ankin th
2
CO
n >
2
H O
n v n
ankin
=
2
CO
n -
2
H O
n
Cu 38. p n ng l C
Cu 39. Ancol cn tm dng ROH

8
Hirocacbon khng no + H
2
O

ROH
2 4
H SO d

(X)
Ete + H
2
O
(Y)
V d
X/Y
= 1,6428 > 1 Y phi l hirocacbon khng no. Ta c:
d
X/Y
=
X
Y
M R + 17
= = 1,6428
M R - 1
R + 17 = 1,6428.R 1,6428
0,6428.R = 18,6428 R = 29 (C
2
H
5

)
Vy X l C
2
H
5
OH (C
2
H
6
O). p n ng l B
*Ch : ROH (X)
2 4
H SO d
Y
(cht hu c)

Nu d
X (h)/Y (h)
=
R + 17
< 1
2.R + 16
Y l este
Nu d
X (h)/Y (h)
=
R + 17
< 1
R - 1
Y l hirocacbon khng no
Cu 40. PTHH: CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Ban u: mol 1 1
Phn ng: mol 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3
Cn bng: mol 1/3 1/3 2/3 2/3
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
K
C
=
| | | |
| || |
3 2 5 2
3 2 5
CH COOC H . H O
2/3.2/3
= = 4
CH COOH C H OH 1/3.1/3

CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Ban u: mol 1 x 0,9 0,9
Phn ng:mol 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9
Cn bng:mol 0,1 (x 0,9) 0,9 0,9
V T = const nn K
C
= 4 (khng thay i)
K
C
=
0,9.0,9
= 4
0,1.(x - 0,9)
0,81 = 0,4.x 0,36
0,4.x = 1,17 x = 2,925
p n ng l D
Cu 41. p n ng l D
Cu 42. p n ng l B
Cu 43. V
o
(Cu-X)
E = 0,46 V
2+ X+
o o
Cu /Cu X /X
E < E
Tnh kh X < Cu (1)
V
o
(Y - Cu)
E = 1,1V
2+ Y+
o o
Cu /Cu Y /Y
E < E
Tnh kh Cu < Y (2)
V
o
(Z - Cu)
E = 0,47V
2+ Z+
o o
Cu /Cu /Z
E < E
Z

Tnh kh Cu < Z (3)
V
o
(Y - Cu)
E >
o
(Z - Cu)
E
2+ Y+
o o
Cu /Cu Y /Y
E - E >
2+ Z+
o o
Cu /Cu /Z
E - E
Z


Y+
o
Y /Y
E <
Z+
o
/Z
E
Z
Tnh kh Y > Z (4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4) ta c: X < Cu < Z < Y . p n ng l B
Cu 44. Thuc th l Na
2
CO
3
. Tht vy:

9
Na
2
CO
3
+ NaCl khng phn ng
Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2
CaCO
3
+ + 2NaCl
3Na
2
CO
3
+ 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ + 3CO
2
| + 6NaCl
p n ng l A
Cu 45. Dung dch FeCl
3
phn ng vi CH
3
NH
2
(metyl amin) to ra kt ta
Fe(OH)
3
: FeCl
3
+ 3CH
3
NH
2
+ 3H
2
O Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3CH
3
NH
3
Cl
p n ng l A
*Ch : Cc ankyl amin bc I (RNH
2
, R l gc ankyl) c tnh baz mnh hn amoniac (NH
3
):
RNH
2
+ HOH

RNH
3
+
+ OH
-

NH
3
+ HOH

NH
4
+
+ OH
-

Cu 46. Cc cht kh c mi l
1. SO
2
(kh sunfur) Mi hc
2. NO
2
(nit ioxit) Mi kh chu v c
3. O
3
(ozon): Mi kht c trng
4. Cl
2
(clo) Mi xc, c
5. NH
3
(amoniac) Mi khai
6. H
2
S (hiro sunfua) Mi trng thi
c 6 cht kh c mi
p n ng l A
Cu 47. Cc PTHH xy ra trong s trn
2CuFeS
2
+ O
2

o
t
Cu
2
S + 2FeS + SO
2

(X)

2Cu
2
S + 3O
2

o
t
2Cu
2
O + 2SO
2

(Y)
2Cu
2
O + Cu
2
S
o
t
6Cu + SO
2

Vy X, Y ln lt l Cu
2
S, Cu
2
O. p n ng l B
Cu 48. Trong pin in ha, s oxi ha ch xy ra cc m (anot)
p n ng l A
Cu 49. Cc loi thy tinh:
- Thy tinh loi thng thng
6SiO
2
+ CaCO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3

o
1400 C
Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
.2CO
2

- Thy tinh kali: Thay Na
2
CO
3
bng K
2
CO
3

- Thy tinh pha l: Thy tinh cha nhiu ch oxit
- Thy tinh thch anh: SiO
2
tinh khit
- Thy tinh hu c: Poli (metyl metacrylat)
Thy tinh hu c (Plexiglas) c thnh phn ha hc khc hn vi cc loi thy tinh (v c)
cn li. p n ng l C
Cu 50. Theo bi ra:
2
H
1,344
n = = 0,06 (mol)
22,4

Ta thy
2 4
H SO
n (p/) =
2
H
n = 0,06 (mol)
S phn ng: Kim loi + axit mui + hiro
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
m
kim loi
+ m
axit
= m
cht rn
+ m
hiro

2,49 + 0,06.98 = m + 0,06.2 m = 8,25 (gam). p n ng l B
Cu 51. 5Na
2
SO
3
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 6NaHSO
4
8Na
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 3H
2
O

10
Tng h s ca cc cht l 27 p n ng l B
Cu 52. M
hh.A
= 0,1.70 + 0,3.2 = 7,6 gam

2
hhB H hh
7,6
n = = 0,24 (mol) n n = 0,1 + 0,3 - 0,24 = 0,16 (mol)
95
.4
12
+
A =
H
phn ng
= 0,16 : 0,1.2 = 80% p n ng l D
Cu 53. n
O
phn ng =
5
,6 - 4) : 26 = 0,1 mol < n
ancol b
M
ancol
< 4 : 0,1 = 40 ancol: CH
3
OH
H = 0,1 : 0,125 = 80% p n ng l C
Cu 54. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi p n ng l A
Cu 55.
+3
3 4
Cu Fe O
Fe
1
n = n = n
2
. Gi s hn hp X 1 mol
3 4
Cu Fe O
n = n = 0,5 mol
2 2
HCl CuCl FeCl
n = 2n + 2n = 2.0,5+2.0,5.3 = 4 (mol)
ddY
4 . 36,5
m = 0,5 . 64 + 0,5 . 232 + . 100 = 878 (gam)
20

2
C%FeCl = [(0,5 . 3 . 127) : 878] . 100% = 21,697%
p n ng l A
Cu 56. Mg
o
Mg
+2
+ 2e; Fe
+3
+ e Fe
+2

0,12 0,24 0,06 0,06
m = 0,12 . 24 = 2,88 gam; Fe
+3
+ 3e Fe
p n ng l A
Cu 57. p n C. Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l SO
2
, NO
2

Cu 58. ROH + HBr
2 4
H SO
RBr + H
2
O
%m
Br
=
R
R
80 . 100
= 69,56 (I) M = 35 gam
M + 80

N
Br
= 2, nh vy gc R c mt ni i
%m
Br
=
R 5 9
R
80 . 2 . 100
= 69,56(II) M = 69 C H OH
M + 80 + 81

Cu 59. Nhng cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l: HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO, C
12
H
22
O
11

(mantoz) p n ng l A
Cu 60. Nhng cht lm qu ha hng: axit glutamic
Nhng cht lm qu ha xanh: lysine, trimetylamin
Nhng cht khng lm i mu qu: valin, alanin, anilin