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Josip Šarić - Stone Tools Used For Manufacturing Chipped Artefacts During The Neolithic in Serbia
Josip Šarić - Stone Tools Used For Manufacturing Chipped Artefacts During The Neolithic in Serbia
Josip [ari}
Arheolo{ki institut, Beograd
Nakovwi
198
J. [ari} Kamene alatke kori{}ene u izradi okresanih artefakata
Nakovwi-perkuteri
199
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
200
J. [ari} Kamene alatke kori{}ene u izradi okresanih artefakata
201
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
Perkuteri
202
J. [ari} Kamene alatke kori{}ene u izradi okresanih artefakata
oker boje (sl. 4/2), a perkuter u obliku kratkog bata (sl. 4/3) je na~iwen
od prigla~anog sitnozrnog pe{~ara sive boje. Na wemu i primerku
C–1103 (sl. 4/2) osim istrvenosti rubova uo~avaju se i mikrobrazde.
203
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
204
J. [ari} Kamene alatke kori{}ene u izradi okresanih artefakata
205
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
Perkuteri-retu{eri
206
J. [ari} Kamene alatke kori{}ene u izradi okresanih artefakata
Retu{eri
207
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
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JOSIP [ARI]
Summary
Chipped stone artefacts represent the most resistant and sometimes the only
evidence for human existence in a given area. They are closely related to a group
of stone tools the significance of which has usually been neglected during excava-
tions, but which are inevitably important for elucidating the characteristics of the
chipped artefacts. These tools are items used for preparation and core shaping,
chipping of the cores and for subsequent shaping of the tool by retouching. Along
with traces found on the chipped artefacts themselves, tools used in the manufac-
turing process offer additional information about the production, further refining
and customizing of the artefacts. Stone, bone, horn and wood were used for the
manufacture of anvils, hammers and retouching tools. However, these items are
often difficult to distinguish from other ostheological material because: – the soil
composition means that wooden items are not preserved while those made of bone
and horn are severely damaged; – these items, especially hammers and retouching
tools, are normally not well-shaped and therefore hard to identify. The stone
artefacts are more easily observable but because they consist mainly of river peb-
bles with variably preserved traces of manufacturing, they have also been over-
looked by researchers.
209
GSAD/JSAS 22 (2006) Iz arheolo{kih zbirki
The anvils, hammers and retouching tools presented in this study originate
from four localities: Donja Branjevina (Deronje), Donja Strana (Velesnica), Bla-
gotin (Poljna) and Popovi}a Brdo (Zabla}e). The sample collection is a cross-
-section through this important type of tool which continued to be utilized even
during the developed Bronze Age. The technology of production and refining of
chipped stone artifacts in Serbia during the Neolithic brought no substantial im-
provements in comparison to the manufacturing processes employed in the Pa-
laeolithic and Mesolithic. The artefacts were made of stone chips and blades struck
off various types of core. Up to now only two artefacts made of whole pebbles from
the locality of Blagotin have been found. This implies the last influences of a tradi-
tion which originates from the Early Palaeolithic. On the basis of the study of avail-
able samples of stone tools for making chipped artefacts the following categories
can be distinguished: 1. anvils (fig. 1); 2. anvil-hammers (fig. 2); 3. hammers (direct
percussion) (figs. 3–5); 4. hammers-retouching tools (fig. 6); 5a. retouching tools
(direct retouching) (fig. 6); 5b. retouching tools (retouching by pressure) (fig. 6).
As a raw-material for manufacturing these artefacts, sandstone, conglomerate,
breccia, granodiorite, gabbro, amphibolite, quartzlatite, quartzite, chert and non-
-determined metamorphic rocks were used. The quantity of tools used for making
chipped stone artefacts comprised by this study is only a small collection in com-
parison to the number of non-recognized items that probably exist in many muse-
ums in Serbia. The tools classified as anvils, anvil-hammers, hammers-retouching
tools and retouching tools are clear evidence of part of activities carried out in set-
tlements. However, a more complete interpretation of this important group of
stone tools will have to wait until a detailed autopsy of stone and bone material
from the majority of Neolithic sites is performed.
210