HR 1207: Federal Reserve Transparency Act of 2009

(317 co-sponsors As of 12/01/09)

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-1207 

(ACTION: If your House Rep’s name is not on this list, then you have
the job to bug them until it is. If you find other Representatives from
your State not on this list, please call them also and tell them it’s very
important that they support HR 1207. Find your Reps here:)
http://www.house.gov/house/MemberWWW_by_State.shtml 

Sample Letters You Can Email or Fax to your Rep: (Type in your Zip
Code and Find Out Whether or not your Rep is on the list. If not on the
list, it will give you a letter to send to your Rep)

http://www.campaignforliberty.com/campaigns/supporthr1207.php 
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 
Co-Sponsors: (142 Dem / 175 Rep)
Rep. Neil Abercrombie [D-HI]

Rep. Robert Aderholt [R-AL] 

Rep. John Adler [D-NJ]

Rep. Todd Akin [R-MO]

Rep. Rodney Alexander [R-LA] 

Rep. Jason Altmire [D-PA] 

Rep Michael A. Arcuri [D-NY] 

Rep. Steve Austria [R-OH]

Rep. Michele Bachmann [R-MN]

Rep. Spencer Bachus [R-AL]

Rep Brian Baird [D-WA]

Rep. Tammy Baldwin [D-WI] 

Rep. James Barrett [R-SC] 

Rep. John Barrow [D-GA]

Rep. Roscoe Bartlett [R-MD]

Rep. Joe Barton [R-TX] 

Rep Shelley Berkley [D-NV] 

Rep. Marion Berry [D-AR] 

Rep. Judy Biggert [R-IL] 

Rep. Brian Bilbray [R-CA]

Rep. Gus Bilirakis [R-FL]

Rep. Rob Bishop [R-UT] 

Rep Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. [D-GA]  

Rep Timothy H. Bishop [D-NY]

Rep. Marsha Blackburn [R-TN] 

Rep. Roy Blunt [R-MO]

Rep John A. Boccieri [D-OH]

Rep. John Boehner [R-OH] 

Rep. Jo Bonner [R-AL] 

Rep. Mary Bono-Mack [R-CA] 

Rep. John Boozman [R-AR] 

Rep Dan Boren [D-OK] 

Rep. Leonard Boswell [D-IA] 

Rep Rick Boucher [D-VA]

Rep. Charles W. Boustany, Jr [R-LA] 

Rep Allen Boyd [D-FL]

Rep. Kevin Brady [R-TX] 

Rep. Bruce Braley [D-IA] 

Rep. Bobby Bright [D-AL] 

Rep. Paul Broun [R-GA] 

Rep. Corrine Brown [D-FL] 

Rep. Henry Brown [R-SC] 

Rep. Ginny Brown-Waite [R-FL] 

Rep. Vern Buchanan [R-FL]

Rep. Michael Burgess [R-TX]

Rep. Dan Burton [R-IN] 

Rep. Stephen Buyer [R-IN]

Rep. Ken Calvert [R-CA] 

Rep Dave Camp [R-MI]

Rep. John Campbell [R-CA] 

Rep Eric Cantor [R-VA]

Rep. Anh “Joseph” Cao [R-LA] 

Rep. Shelley Capito [R-WV] 

Rep. Christopher Carney [D-PA] 

Rep. John Carter [R-TX]

Rep. Bill Cassidy [R-LA] 

Rep. Michael Castle [R-DE]

Rep. Jason Chaffetz [R-UT] 

Rep Ben Chandler [D-KY]

Rep. Travis Childers [D-MS] 

Rep Judy Chu [D-CA]

Rep Wm. Lacy Clay [D-MO] 

Rep. Howard Coble [R-NC] 

Rep. Mike Coffman [R-CO] 
 
Rep Steve Cohen [D-TN] 

Rep. Tom Cole [R-OK] 

Rep. Michael Conaway [R-TX] 

Rep John Conyers, Jr. [D-MI]

Rep Joe Courtney [D-CT]

Rep. Ander Crenshaw [R-FL] 

Rep Henry Cuellar [D-TX] 

Rep. John Culberson [R-TX] 

Rep. Kathleen A. Dahlkemper [D-PA] 

Rep. Danny K. Davis [D-IL] 

Rep. Geoff Davis [R-KY] 

Rep Lincoln Davis [D-TN]

Rep. Nathan Deal [R-GA] 

Rep. Peter DeFazio [D-OR] 

Rep Bill Delahunt [D-MA]

Rep. Charles Dent [R-PA] 

Rep Lincoln Diaz-Balart [R-FL]

Rep Mario Diaz-Balart [R-FL]

Rep. Lloyd Doggett [D-TX] 

Rep Michael F. Doyle [D-PA]

Rep. David Dreier [R-CA] 

Rep Steve Driehaus [D-OH] 

Rep. John Duncan [R-TN] 

Rep. Chet Edwards [D-TX] 

Rep. Donna Edwards [D-MD] 

Rep. Vernon Ehlers [R-MI] 

Rep Jo Ann Emerson [R-MO]

Rep. Mary Fallin [R-OK] 

Rep Sam Farr [D-CA]

Rep Bob Filner [D-CA]

Rep Jeff Flake [R-AZ]

Rep. John Fleming [R-LA] 

Rep. J. Randy Forbes [R-VA] 

Rep. Jeff Fortenberry [R-NE] 

Rep. Virginia Foxx [R-NC] 

Rep. Trent Franks [R-AZ] 

Rep Rodney P. Frelinghuysen [R-NJ]

Rep Marcia L. Fudge [D-OH]

Rep Elton Gallegly [R-CA]

Rep. Scott Garrett [R-NJ] 

Rep Jim Gerlach [R-PA]

Rep Gabrielle Giffords [D-AZ]

Rep. Phil Gingrey [R-GA] 

Rep. Louis Gohmert [R-TX]

Rep. Robert Goodlatte [R-VA] 

Rep. Bart Gordon [D-TN]

Rep. Kay Granger [R-TX]

Rep. Samuel Graves [R-MO]

Rep. Alan Grayson [D-FL] 

Rep Parker Griffith [D-AL]

Rep Raul M. Grijalva [D-AZ]

Rep. Brett Guthrie [R-KY] 

Rep. Ralph Hall [R-TX] 

Rep Deborah L. Halvorson [D-IL]

Rep Phil Hare [D-IL]

Rep Jane Harman [D-CA]

Rep Gregg Harper [R-MS]

Rep Doc Hastings [R-WA]

Rep Martin Heinrich [D-NM]

Rep. Dean Heller [R-NV] 

Rep. Jeb Hensarling [R-TX]

Rep. Walter Herger [R-CA] 

Rep. Stephanie Herseth-Sandlin [D-SD] 

Rep Brian Higgins [D-NY]

Rep Baron P. Hill [D-IN] 

Rep Maurice D. Hinchey [D-NY]

Rep Ruben Hinojosa [D-TX]

Rep Mazie K. Hirono [D-HI]

Rep. Peter Hoekstra [R-MI] 

Rep Tim Holden [D-PA]

Rep. Duncan Hunter [R-CA]

Rep. Bob Inglis [R-SC] 

Rep. Jay Inslee [D-WA] 

Rep. Darrell E. Issa [R-CA] 

Rep Jesse L. Jackson, Jr. [D-IL] 

Rep. Lynn Jenkins [R-KS] 

Rep Eddie Johnson [D-TX] 

Rep. Hank Johnson [D-GA] 

Rep. Samuel Johnson [R-TX] 

Rep. Timothy Johnson [R-IL]

Rep. Walter Jones [R-NC] 

Rep Jim Jordan [R-OH]

Rep. Steve Kagen [D-WI] 

Rep. Marcy Kaptur [D-OH]

Rep Dale E. Kildee [D-MI]

Rep Carolyn C. Kilpatrick [D-MI]

Rep Peter T. King [R-NY]

Rep. Steve King [R-IA]

Rep. Jack Kingston [R-GA] 

Rep Mark Steven Kirk [R-IL]

Rep Ann Kirkpatrick [D-AZ]

Rep Larry Kissell [D-NC]

Rep. John Kline [R-MN] 

Rep. Suzanne Kosmas [D-FL] 

Rep Frank Kratovil, Jr. [D-MD]

Rep. Dennis Kucinich [D-OH] 

Rep. Doug Lamborn [R-CO] 

Rep Leonard Lance [R-NJ]

Rep James R. Langevin [D-RI]

Rep. Thomas Latham [R-IA] 

Rep. Steven LaTourette [R-OH] 

Rep. Robert E. Latta [R-OH] 

Rep. Chris Lee [R-NY] 

Rep Jerry Lewis [R-CA]

Rep John Lewis [D-GA]

Rep. John Linder [R-GA] 

Rep Daniel Lipinski [D-IL]

Rep. Frank LoBiondo [R-NJ] 

Rep. David Loebsack [D-IA] 

Rep Zoe Lofgren [D-CA]

Rep. Frank Lucas [R-OK] 

Rep. Blaine Luetkemeyer [R-MO] 

Rep Ben Ray Lujan [D-NM]

Rep. Cynthia Lummis [R-WY] 

Rep. Daniel Lungren [R-CA] 

Rep. Connie Mack [R-FL] 

Rep. Daniel Maffei [D-NY] 

Rep. Donald Manzullo [R-IL]

Rep. Kenny Marchant [R-TX] 

Rep Betsy Markey [D-CO]

Rep. Eric Massa [D-NY] 

Rep. Kevin McCarthy [R-CA] 

Rep. Michael McCaul [R-TX]

Rep. Tom McClintock [R-CA]

Rep. Thaddeus McCotter [R-MI] 

Rep. James McDermott [D-WA] 

Rep. Jim McGovern [D-MA] 

Rep. Patrick Mchenry [R-NC]

Rep. John McHugh [R-NY] 

Rep. Mike McIntyre [D-NC] 

Rep. Howard “Buck” McKeon [R-CA] 

Rep. Cathy McMorris-Rodgers [R-WA] 

Rep Charlie Melancon [D-LA]

Rep. John L. Mica [R-FL]

Rep. Michael Michaud [D-ME] 

Rep Brad Miller [D-NC]

Rep. Candice Miller [R-MI] 

Rep. Gary Miller [R-CA] 

Rep. Jeff Miller [R-FL] 

Rep. Walter Minnick [D-ID] 

Rep. Harry Mitchell [D-AZ] 

Rep. Jerry Moran [R-KS] 

Rep Christopher S. Murphy [D-CT]

Rep. Patrick Murphy [D-PA] 

Rep Scott Murphy [D-NY]

Rep. Tim Murphy [R-PA]

Rep. Sue Myrick [R-NC] 

Rep Jerrold Nadler [D-NY]

Rep. Randy Neugebauer [R-TX] 

Rep Devin Nunes [R-CA]

Rep Glenn C. Nye III [D-VA]

Rep James L. Oberstar [D-MN]

Rep. Pete Olson [R-TX] 

Rep Solomon P. Ortiz [D-TX]

Rep. Bill Pascrell [D-NJ] 

Rep. Ed Pastor [D-AZ] 

Rep. Erik Paulsen [R-MN]

Rep Donald M. Payne[D-NJ] 

Rep. Mike Pence [R-IN] 

Rep. Ed Perlmutter [D-CO] 

Rep. Thomas S. P. Perriello [D-VA]

Rep. Collin Peterson [D-MN] 

Rep. Thomas Petri [R-WI] 

Rep Chellie Pingree [D-ME]

Rep. Joseph Pitts [R-PA] 

Rep. Todd Platts [R-PA]

Rep. Ted Poe [R-TX] 

Rep. Jared Polis [D-CO] 

Rep. Bill Posey [R-FL]

Rep. Tom Price [R-GA] 

Rep. Adam Putnam [R-FL]

Rep. George Radanovich [R-CA] 

Rep. Dennis Rehberg [R-MT] 

Rep. David G. Reichert [D-WA] 

Rep Silvestre Reyes [D-TX]  

Rep Laura Richardson [D-CA]

Rep Ciro D. Rodriguez [D-TX]

Rep. David Roe [R-TN] 

Rep Harold Rogers [R-KY]

Rep. Mike D. Rogers [R-AL] 

Rep. Mike J. Rogers [R-MI] 

Rep. Dana Rohrabacher [R-CA]

Rep. Thomas Rooney [R-FL]

Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen [R-FL] 

Rep Peter J. Roskam [R-IL]

Rep Mike Ross [D-AR]

Rep Steven R. Rothman [D-NJ]

Rep. Edward Royce [D-CA] 

Rep C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger [D-MD]  

Rep Paul Ryan [R-WI]

Rep Tim Ryan [D-OH]

Rep John T. Salazar [D-CO]

Rep John P. Sarbanes [D-MD]

Rep. Steve Scalise [R-LA] 

Rep. Janice Schakowsky [D-IL] 

Rep. Mark H. Schauer [D-MI] 

Rep Adam B. Schiff [D-CA]

Rep. Jean Schmidt [R-OH] 

Rep. Aaron Schock [R-IL] 

Rep Kurt Schrader [D-OR] 

Rep. David Scott [D-GA]

Rep. James Sensenbrenner [R-WI]

Rep. Peter Sessions [R-TX] 

Rep. John Shadegg [R-AZ] 

Rep. Carol Shea-Porter [D-NH] 

Rep Brad Sherman [D-CA]

Rep. John Shimkus [R-IL] 

Rep. Heath Shuler [D-NC] 

Rep. William Shuster [R-PA]

Rep. Michael Simpson [R-ID] 

Rep. Louise Slaughter [D-NY] 

Rep. Adam Smith [D-WA]

Rep. Adrian Smith [R-NE] 

Rep Christopher H. Smith [R-NJ]

Rep. Lamar Smith [R-TX] 

Rep Vic Snyder [D-AR]

Rep. Mark E. Souder [R-IN] 

Rep Zachary T. Space [D-OH]

Rep. Jackie Speier [D-CA] 

Rep John M. Spratt, Jr. [D-SC] 

Rep. Fortney Stark [D-CA]

Rep. Clifford Stearns [R-FL] 

Rep John Sullivan [R-OK]

Rep Betty Sutton [D-OH]

Rep. Gene Taylor [D-MS] 

Rep Harry Teague [D-NM]

Rep. Lee Terry [R-NE] 

Rep Bennie G. Thompson[D-MS]

Rep. Glenn Thompson [R-PA] 

Rep Mac Thornberry [R-TX]

Rep. Todd Tiahrt [R-KS]

Rep. Patrick Tiberi [R-OH] 

Rep John F. Tierney [D-MA]

Rep Dina Titus [D-NV]

Rep. Paul Tonko [D-NY] 

Rep. Michael R. Turner [R-OH]

Rep. Frederick Upton [R-MI]

Rep Peter J. Visclosky [D-IN]

Rep. Greg Walden [R-OR]

Rep. Timothy Walz [D-MN] 

Rep. Zach Wamp [R-TN] 

Rep Anthony D. Weiner [D-NY] 

Rep Peter Welch [D-VT] 

Rep. Lynn Westmoreland [R-GA] 

Rep Ed Whitfield [R-KY]

Rep. Addison Wilson [R-SC] 

Rep. Rob Wittman [R-VA] 

Rep.Frank Wolf [R-VA] 

Rep. Lynn Woolsey [D-CA] 

Rep David Wu [D-OR]

Rep John A. Yarmuth [D-KY]

Rep C. W. (Bill) Young [R-FL]

Rep. Donald Young [R-AK] 

The Bill is in the House Committee on Financial Services. The people

on this committee, whose name is not on the CO-SPONSOR LIST
above, need to be contacted and bugged repeatedly until they sign on
to this IMPORTANT, NON-PARTISAN Bill. Here’s the list of Committee
members:

House Committee on Financial Services: (Members)

http://financialservices.house.gov/members.html

Chairman Barney Frank represents Massachusetts' Fourth Congressional District.

The other Democratic members of the Committee are:

Rep. Gary L. Ackerman, NY

Rep. John Adler, NJ *
Rep. Joe Baca, CA
Rep. Melissa L. Bean, IL
Rep. Michael E. Capuano, MA
Rep. Andre Carson, IN
Rep. Travis Childers, MS*
Rep. William Lacy Clay, MO
Rep. Emanuel Cleaver, MO
Rep. Joe Donnelly, IN
Rep. Steve Driehaus, OH
Rep. Keith Ellison, MN
Rep. Bill Foster, IL
Rep. Alan Grayson, FL *
Rep. Al Green, TX
Rep. Luis V. Gutierrez, IL
Rep. Jim Himes, CT
Rep. Rubén Hinojosa, TX
Rep. Paul W. Hodes, NH
Rep. Paul E. Kanjorski, PA
Rep. Mary Jo Kilroy, OH
Rep. Ron Klein, FL
Rep. Suzanne Kosmas, FL
Rep. Stephen F. Lynch, MA
Rep. Dan Maffei, NY *
Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney, NY
Rep. Carolyn McCarthy, NY
Rep. Gregory W. Meeks, NY
Rep. Brad Miller, NC
Rep. Walt Minnick, ID *
Rep. Dennis Moore, KS
Rep. Gwen Moore, WI
Rep. Ed Perlmutter, CO *
Rep. Gary Peters, MI
Rep. David Scott, GA*
Rep. Brad Sherman, CA*
Rep. Jackie Speier, CA *
Rep. Nydia M. Velázquez, NY
Rep. Maxine Waters, CA
Rep. Melvin L. Watt, NC
Rep. Charles Wilson, OH

Republican Members

Rep. Michele Bachmann, MN *

Rep. Spencer Bachus, AL *
Rep. J. Gresham Barrett, SC *
Rep. Judy Biggert, IL *
Rep. John Campbell, CA *
Rep. Shelley Moore Capito, WV *
Rep. Michael N. Castle, DE *
Rep. Scott Garrett, NJ *
Rep. Jim Gerlach, PA*
Rep. Jeb Hensarling, TX *
Rep. Lynn Jenkins, KS *
Rep. Walter B. Jones , NC *
Rep. Peter King, NY*
Rep. Leonard Lance, NJ *
Rep. Christopher Lee, NY *
Rep. Frank D. Lucas, OK *
Rep. Kenny Marchant, TX *
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, CA *
Rep. Thaddeus McCotter, MI *
Rep. Patrick T. McHenry, NC *
Rep. Donald A. Manzullo, IL *
Rep. Gary G. Miller, CA *
Rep. Randy Neugebauer, TX *
Rep. Ron Paul, TX *
Rep. Erik Paulsen, MN*
Rep. Bill Posey, FL *
Rep. Tom Price, GA *
Rep. Adam Putnam, FL *
Rep. Edward R. Royce, CA *

Committee members who are currently Co-Sponsors of HR 1207 marked with an

asterisk *. The rest we need to work on.

I find it most telling that most of the DEMOCRATS are not signed on to this bill.
Hopefully, we can convince a few that this is not a PARTISAN issue.

The Bill: HR 1207

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_bills&docid=f:h1207ih.txt.pdf 

http://www.scribd.com/doc/14110147/HR-1207

To Understand the Urgency READ THIS! 

http://forum.prisonplanet.com/index.php?topic=100424.msg63373
8;topicseen#msg633738

To understand how urgent this matter is, please review the current
US Code concerning the auditing of the Private Federal Reserve:
[Items in blue color are added with the Bill that Dr. Paul has
introduced. Items with a line through them are removed with the Bill
that Dr. Paul has introduced.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

US CODE TITLE 31 Section 714

Audit of Financial Institutions Examination Council, Federal Reserve

Board, Federal reserve banks, Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, and Office of Comptroller of the Currency

(a) In this section, “agency” means the Financial Institutions Examination

Council, the Federal Reserve Board, Federal reserve banks, the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency, and the Office of Thrift Supervision.

(b) Under regulations of the Comptroller General, the Comptroller General

shall audit an agency., but may carry out an onsite examination of an open
insured bank or bank holding company only if the appropriate agency has
consented in writing. Audits of the Federal Reserve Board and Federal
reserve banks may not include—
(1) transactions for or with a foreign central bank, government of a foreign
country, or nonprivate international financing organization;
(2) deliberations, decisions, or actions on monetary policy matters, including
discount window operations, reserves of member banks, securities credit,
interest on deposits, and open market operations;
(3) transactions made under the direction of the Federal Open Market
Committee; or
(4) a part of a discussion or communication among or between members of
the Board of Governors and officers and employees of the Federal Reserve
System related to clauses (1)–(3) of this subsection.

(c)
(1) Except as provided in this subsection, an officer or employee of the
Government Accountability Office may not disclose information identifying an
open bank, an open bank holding company, or a customer of an open or
closed bank or bank holding company. The Comptroller General may disclose
information related to the affairs of a closed bank or closed bank holding
company identifying a customer of the closed bank or closed bank holding
company only if the Comptroller General believes the customer had a
controlling influence in the management of the closed bank or closed bank
holding company or was related to or affiliated with a person or group
having a controlling influence.
(2) An officer or employee of the Office may discuss a customer, bank, or
bank holding company with an official of an agency and may report an
apparent criminal violation to an appropriate law enforcement authority of
the United States Government or a State.
(3) This subsection does not authorize an officer or employee of an agency
to withhold information from a committee of Congress authorized to have
the information.
(d)
(1) To carry out this section, all records and property of or used by an
agency, including samples of reports of examinations of a bank or bank
holding company the Comptroller General considers statistically meaningful
and workpapers and correspondence related to the reports shall be made
available to the Comptroller General. The Comptroller General shall give an
agency a current list of officers and employees to whom, with proper
identification, records and property may be made available, and who may
make notes or copies necessary to carry out an audit.
(2) The Comptroller General shall prevent unauthorized access to records or
property of or used by an agency that the Comptroller General obtains
during an audit.

(e) AUDIT AND REPORT OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System and the Federal reserve banks under subsection (b)
shall be completed before the end of 2010.
(2) REPORT.—
(A) REQUIRED.—A report on the audit referred to in paragraph (1)
shall be submitted by the Comptroller General to the Congress
before the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date on which
such audit is completed and made available to the Speaker of the
House, the majority and minority leaders of the House of
Representatives, the majority and minority leaders of the Senate,
the Chairman and Ranking Member of the committee and each sub-
committee of jurisdiction in the House of Representatives and the
Senate, and any other Member of Congress who requests it.
(B) CONTENTS.—The report under subparagraph (A) shall include a
detailed description of the findings and conclusion of the Comptroller
General with respect to the audit that is the subject of the report,
together with such recommendations for legislative or
administrative action as the Comptroller General may determine to
be appropriate.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

So as of right now any so called audit of the Private Federal Reserve

is extremely limited and adds up to nothing more than BS. This is
the majority of the section of the US Code that Dr. Paul's Bill will
abolish...

Audits of the Federal Reserve Board and Federal reserve banks may
not include—
(1) transactions for or with a foreign central bank, government of a
foreign country, or nonprivate international financing organization;
(2) deliberations, decisions, or actions on monetary policy matters,
including discount window operations, reserves of member banks,
securities credit, interest on deposits, and open market operations;
(3) transactions made under the direction of the Federal Open
Market Committee; or
(4) a part of a discussion or communication among or between
members of the Board of Governors and officers and employees of
the Federal Reserve System related to clauses (1)–(3) of this
subsection.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In addition, the wording introduced in new sub-section (e) makes

the audit a true audit with timelines and full disclosure. If you just
show people the wording in red, it is overly obvious that the entire
Private Federal Reserve system is a Ponzi scheme set up by the
international banking elite.

YES WE CAN AUDIT THE PRIVATE FEDERAL RESERVE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!