Shamona Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed Study and Improvement Recommendations, 2013. by Gannett Fleming, Inc. and E.B. Walsh & Associates, Inc.

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan
December 31, 2012
Prepared for: Uwchlan Township 715 N. Ship Road Exton, PA
Prepared by: Gannett Fleming, Inc. E. B. Walsh & Associates, Inc.
Funding Provided by: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Growing Greener Program
Shamona Creek Watershed Uwchlan Township Chester County, PA
Acknowledgments Shamona Creek Watershed Plan has been financed by a Growing Greener Grant provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Environmental Protection. This Watershed Plan has been prepared for Uwchlan Township by: Edward B. Walsh & Associates, Inc. Lionville Professional Center 125 Dowlin Forge Road Exton, Pennsylvania 19341 and Gannett Fleming, Inc. Valley Forge Corporate Center 1010 Adams Avenue, Audubon, PA 19403-2402 Special thanks to the Uwchlan Township Board of Supervisors for their support of this project. Frederick W. Gaines Joseph E. Toner III Milton H. Bozarth Also, special thanks to the Brandywine Valley Association for the assistance with the Assessment Report for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Watersheds Chester County, Pennsylvania dated April 2010 and; Restoration Plan for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Chester County, Pennsylvania dated May 2010.
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 5 2 Watershed Information ................................................................................................ 6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 Watershed Description .......................................................................................... 6 Watershed Classifications...................................................................................... 7 Existing Land Use .................................................................................................. 8 Land Cover ............................................................................................................. 9 Rainfall Data .......................................................................................................... 9 Floodplain ............................................................................................................ 13 Stream Encroachments ........................................................................................17 Sanitary Sewage Treatment Facilities ................................................................. 20 Stormwater Management Facilities .................................................................... 21 Assessment Report for Shamona Creek Watersheds .......................................... 22 Restoration Plan for Shamona Creek .................................................................. 24 Township Stormwater Management Ordinance. ................................................ 26 Township Comprehensive Plan ........................................................................... 26 Township Zoning Ordinance ............................................................................... 27 Township MS4 Permit ......................................................................................... 28 Cause of Impairments Discussion ....................................................................... 30 Urbanization of the Watershed Discussion ......................................................... 31 Identification of Pollution Sources ...................................................................... 32 Point Source Pollution .................................................................................. 33 Non-Point Source Pollution .......................................................................... 33
Existing Conditions Inventory ....................................................................................17
Watershed Studies ...................................................................................................... 22
Municipal Regulations ............................................................................................... 26
Watershed Improvement Goals and Issues ............................................................... 29
6.3.1 6.3.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3
Watershed Improvement Recommendations ............................................................ 36 Land Use Planning............................................................................................... 36 Stormwater Management Planning .................................................................... 38 Public Education and Outreach........................................................................... 39 Page 3
7.4
Watershed Improvement Projects....................................................................... 41 Streambank Stabilization Projects ............................................................... 41 Shamona Creek Main Stem. (Parcel 33-3-89 Greenbriar Open Space) ..... 44 Eagleview Corporate Center (Eagleview Lots 59 and 60) ............................ 47 Martin Memorial Park .................................................................................. 49 Stream encroachments ................................................................................. 51 Encroachment #4 Kingston Lane. ......................................................... 51 Encroachment #3 Shamona Creek Park ................................................ 52 Encroachment #2 Crooked Bridge ........................................................ 52 Land Use / Land Cover Improvement Projects............................................ 53 Happy Days Farm Parcel 33-4-28.1, 28, 27.1, 29...................................... 53 Township Park Land. Shamona Creek Park & Martin Memorial Park. ...... 54 Watershed Improvement Projects ................................................................ 56 Sheree Boulevard / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Ramp .............................. 58 Pennsylvania Turnpike / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Interchange ........... 61 Various Detention Basins. ............................................................................ 66 Eagleview Corporate Center - Pennsylvania Avenue ................................ 66 Eagleview Corporate Center Eagleview Boulevard Dam ....................... 66 Development basins ...................................................................................71 Martin Memorial Park (Seasons Development) .....................................71 Shamona Creek Park - Brookwood Subdivision Open Space................ 72 The Shops on Eagleview Boulevard - LTK Associates, Inc. ................... 73 Calvary Chapel 215 Dowlin Forge Road ............................................. 74 Windham Subdivision - Dowlin Forge Road / Samuel Drive ............... 75 A. B. D. E. (1) (2) (3)
7.4.1
C. Shamona Creek Park ........................................................................................ 49
7.4.2 A. B. 7.4.3 A. B. D. (1) (2) (3)
C. Ponds ................................................................................................................ 54
C. Wharton Boulevard Dam ................................................................................. 63
(a). (c). (e). (f). (g). E. 8
(b). Ridings Subdivision ................................................................................71 (d). 390 Eagleview Boulevard - Journal Register East, Inc. ........................ 73
New Stormwater Management Facilities. .................................................... 75
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 76 Page 4
1 Introduction Shamona Creek Watershed is a 4.02 square mile watershed located in central Chester County, Pennsylvania. Extensive urbanization of the watershed has occurred from the 1960s to the present day. As part of the urbanization, much of the native vegetation and topsoil has been replaced with impervious surfaces altering the natural hydrologic system. While this development has been completed in accordance with the applicable state, county and local regulations of the time, the majority was completed prior to the stormwater volume and water quality regulations and some prior to peak rate control requirements that exist today. The primary objective of this Watershed Plan is to develop a strategy for the shareholders of the watershed to utilize to improve the water quality and natural hydrologic regime of the Shamona Creek Watershed. This Plan details the condition of the existing watershed and makes land use, regulatory and construction improvement recommendations that can be implemented to achieve the objective of the Watershed Plan. A local watershed group, Brandywine Valley Association (BVA), has prepared the following two recent documents for the watershed: Assessment Report for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Watersheds Chester County, Pennsylvania April 2010 and; Restoration Plan for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Chester County, Pennsylvania May 2010.
These two reports are part of their Red Streams Blue program which has been developed to focus on improving the water quality of impaired stream sections. The above referenced reports were completed independently of this Watershed Plan and are a valuable resource for information related to the Shamona Creek Watershed.
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2 Watershed Information 2.1 Watershed Description The Shamona Creek Watershed is a 4.02-square mile watershed located mostly within Uwchlan Township (3.93-square miles) with a small portion of land located within Upper Uwchlan Township (0.09-square miles). Uwchlan Township is 10.4 square miles in area and is located in central Chester County. According to the 2010 census, the population of the Township is 18,088 people. The 4.02-square mile watershed has a mix of land uses and the majority of the land has been developed. The upper portion of the watershed has relatively modest slopes while the lower portion has more significant grade changes and existing steep slopes. The stream channels in the upper portion of the watershed have modest stream banks while the channels in the lower portion of the watershed have severely sloped stream banks. Within the watershed, there are three (3) main stream segments and multiple minor tributaries. The three (3) main segments, as depicted on Exhibit 2.0 Overall Watershed Plan, are: Shamona Creek main stem: 3.87 miles Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #1: 0.83 miles (converge with main stem by Wharton Boulevard in Eagleview) Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #2: 1.83 miles (converge with main stem at Shamona Creek Park)
The headwaters of Shamona Creek main stem originate near the PA 100 (Pottstown Pike) interchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike and flows in a southwesterly direction toward the East Branch of the Brandywine Creek at the far western edge of the Township. The upper portion of the main stem is classified as a first order stream. The lower portion of the stream, below the confluence with the Unnamed Tributary #1 is classified as a second order stream. The Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #1 originates at Dowlin Forge Road, just west of the intersection of Eagleview Boulevard, and converges with the main stem upstream of the Wharton Boulevard Dam within the Eagleview development. This unnamed tributary is classified as a first order stream.
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The Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #2 originates upstream from the Seasons residential development and converges with the main stem within Shamona Creek Park. This unnamed tributary is classified as a first order stream. 2.2 Watershed Classifications The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established regulations via the Clean Water Act to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of our nations waters. The Clean Water Act Section 303(d) requires states to compile lists of waterbody segments impaired by pollutants. The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is a technical calculation of the maximum load of pollutant a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards. The PA DEP has assessed the streams within Pennsylvania and established a 303(d) list which details impaired and threatened waters. The Shamona Creek Watershed is a sub-watershed to the Brandywine Creek Watershed / Christina River Basin (4.02 square mile watershed). Per the EPA 2006 TMDL for the Christina River Basin 1 , the Shamona Creek Watershed is part of the B11-sub-basin. Within the TMDL Reports, watersheds are allocated a total concentration of nutrients and other pollutants which are allowed to be discharged into a waterbody without reducing water quality standards. These allocations are comprised of Load Allocations (LAs) for non-point sources and Waste Load Allocations (WLAs) for point sources. Based upon the 2006 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Reports, there is no Load Allocations or Waste Load Allocations associated with the Shamona Creek or the B11 sub-basin at this time. Per PA DEP Final 2010 Pennsylvania Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, which is the PA DEPs Clean Water Act Section 305(b) reporting and Section 303(d) listing, Shamona Creek and the unnamed tributaries have been assessed and determined to be not attaining water quality standards. The causes of impairments per the PA DEP 303(d) listing are: Cause Unknown Siltation Water / Flow Variability
EPA Region III, Total Maximum Daily Loads for Bacteria and Sediment in the Christian River Basin, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, September 2006, and Total Maximum Daily Loads of Nutrients and Dissolved Oxygen Under Low-Flow Conditions In the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, revised April 2006
1
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Per the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) 25 Pa. Code Chapter 93 - Water Quality Standards, all three stream segments within the Shamona Creek Watershed designated use are High Quality - Trout Stocking Fishes, Migratory Fishes (HQ-TSF, MF). The Shamona Creek Watershed is tributary to water supplies including private wells and the Downingtown Municipal Water Authority water source (East Branch Brandywine Creek). The Water Authority provides water to Downingtown Borough, Caln Township, East Caln Township, East Brandywine Township and West Bradford Township (over 10,000 population). 2.3 Existing Land Use The Shamona Creek Watershed includes a diverse mix of land uses. The land cover types vary throughout the watershed but generally are found to be clustered in types and locations. The upper reaches of the watershed are dominated by commercial and office park developments with large parking lot areas. The area also includes major roadways and highway interchange areas. The center of the watershed is predominately medium density single-family residential developments mixed with open space and small parks. The area is described as well manicured lawns and includes several natural and manmade ponds. The southern part of the watershed is generally single family, large lot residences. A significant portion of this watershed area is open space including the Township park system. Generally, the areas surrounding the main stem of the Shamona Creek are wooded. Per Exhibit 2.3A Existing Land Use Plan and data from the Uwchlan Township Comprehensive Plan Update, dated August 9, 2010, the following existing land uses areas are located within the watershed: Agricultural - 86.0 acres Residential (Single, Two and Multi-Family) 1,096.1 acres Commercial 386.5 acres Industrial - 0 acres Community Facilities 67.3 acres Park and Open Space 395.4 acres Vacant 180.5 acres Roadways (right-of-way) 301.5 acres Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 8
As noted above, the watershed does have 180.5-acres of vacant land, as depicted on Exhibit 2.3B Vacant / Developable Land Inventory Plan but for the most part the watershed is considered built-out. This vacant land represents approximately seven (7) percent of the total watershed area. Additionally, there are approximately 400 acres of park and open space within the watershed, as depicted in Exhibit 2.3C Open Space Inventory Plan. This represents approximately sixteen (16) percent of the total watershed area. 2.4 Land Cover The existing land cover located within the Shamona Creek Watershed is a combination of manicured lawn, impervious coverages (roads, structures, driveways), and woodlands. There is minimal agricultural land within the watershed. The estimated land cover breakdown includes approximately twelve (12) to fifteen (15) percent of impervious coverage and approximately three (3) percent agricultural land. 2.5 Rainfall Data Annual rainfall within Uwchlan Township is approximately 45.9-inches, as listed on the Chester County Water Resource Authority Chester County Water Resources Authority Volunteer Rainfall Observer Network data, November 2012. Per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the rainfalls within the watershed for the various storm events are as follows: 24-Hour Storm Event 2-year 10-year 25-year 50-year 100-year
3.25-inches 4.75-inches 5.73-inches 6.55-inches 7.43-inches
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Exhibit 2.3A Existing Land Use Plan
UNT EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK
SHAMONA CREEK - MAIN STEM
SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

EXISTING LAND USE LEGEND
PINE CREEK
UNT SHAMONA CREEK #1
LIONVILLE RUN
COLEBROOK RUN
EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK
Exhibit 2.3B Vacant / Developable Land Inventory Plan

VACANT LAND INVENTORY LEGEND
PINE CREEK
LIONVILLE RUN
COLEBROOK RUN
Exhibit 2.3C Open Space Inventory Plan
OPEN SPACE INVENTORY LEGEND

PINE CREEK
LIONVILLE RUN
COLEBROOK RUN
2.6
Floodplain Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has performed a detailed flood study for the Shamona Creek from the confluence with the East Branch of the Brandywine Creek to approximate 1.5-miles upstream. 2 As detailed on the FEMA FIRM maps (Exhibit 2.6A - FEMA Firm Map 145 and Exhibit 2.6B FEMA Firm 150), the floodplain generally parallels the stream channel for the majority of the study area. The floodplain expands outside the stream channel just upslope of the confluence with the East Branch of the Brandywine Creek. An analysis of the floodplain area has been completed by the Township and it was determined that the cause of the floodplain expansion at this area is the limited capacity under the Dowlin Forge Road bridge structure at the intersection with Shelmire Road. The bridge is a stone arch structure and per the bridge placard, the structure was County Bridge No. 257, constructed in 1915. The peak flow rate for the 100-year frequency storm was determined by FEMA to be 2,250 cubic feet per second (cfs). The capacity of the 1915 bridge structure is approximately 800 cfs which is approximately the equivalent of the five (5) year storm event. Severe flooding has been observed within the watershed during a variety of storm events during the last fifteen year. Major storm events include including but not limited to the following: September of 1999 Hurricane Floyd September 2003 Hurricane Isabel September 2005Hurricane Katrina August 2011 Hurricane Irene These storm events have caused large scale streambank erosion, loss of trees within the floodplain area and damage to existing bridges and culverts. As part of various land development projects, the floodplain, upslope of the FEMA studied area, has been analyzed and the 100-year floodplain has been mapped. The floodplain generally parallels the stream corridor at various widths dependent
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps, 42029C0145F and 42029C0150F dated September 29, 2006.
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on the topography. The floodplain expands significantly at the Wharton Boulevard Dam structure as this facility is an in-line stormwater management control basin.
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Exhibit 2.6A FEMA FIRM MAP 145

Uwchlan Township, Chester County, PA
Exhibit 2.6B FEMA FIRM MAP 150

Uwchlan Township, Chester County, PA
3 Existing Conditions Inventory 3.1 Stream Encroachments As with most developed watersheds, there are numerous stream encroachments along the Shamona Creek and the unnamed tributaries. As detailed in Exhibit 3.1 Stream Encroachment Inventory Plan, the following encroachments were noted:
No. Road Shamona Creek Main Stem 1 Dowlin Forge Road 2 3 Crooked Bridge - Dowlin Forge Rd Dowlin Forge Road Nearest Intersection Shelmire Road Fillman Road Shamona Creek Park Encroachment Description 1915 stone arch 1907 brick & stone arch 1965 non-composite prestressed box beam bridge 1942 reinforced concrete t-beam bridge 11' x 7' stone arch 17' x 10' box culvert 6' x 12' box culvert 72" RCP
4 5 6 7 8
Dowlin Forge Road North Milford Road Wharton Boulevard Eagleview Boulevard Route 100
Kingston Lane Cul-de-sac Gramercy Lane Regency Drive Turnpike Ramp
Unnamed Tributary - Pennypacker Road 9 Pennypacker Road
Kingston Lane
42" CMP conc. endwalls
Unnamed Tributary #1 - Eagleview Shamona South 10 Wharton Boulevard Deep Willow Unnamed Tributary #2 - Shamona Creek Park (Seasons) 11 12 13 14 Peck Road Taylor Road Deep Willow Drive (north) Deep Willow Drive (south) Park entrance Nancy Jane Lane Laurel-Moors Drive Laurel-Moors Drive
72" CMP conc. endwalls
3-42" CMP conc. endwalls 2-48" RCP 2-48" RCP 2-72" CMP
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Analysis of the capacity of the encroachments has not been prepared as part of this Watershed Plan. Based upon Township knowledge of the watershed, the only encroachment that is known to have capacity issues is encroachment #1 adjacent at Shelmire Road. During a study commissioned by Uwchlan Township in the 2006, the lower reaches of the floodplain were analyzed and it was determined that this encroachment only has the capacity to pass a flow roughly equivalent to the five (5) year storm event. In addition to the above listed encroachments, there are five (5) pedestrian bridge crossings over the Shamona Creek constructed as part of the Uwchlan Township Trails system in 1998. The prefabricated metal truss bridges have been placed above the 100-year flood elevation.
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Exhibit 3.1 Stream Encroachment Inventory Plan
7 6
8
ENCROACHMENT INVENTORY LEGEND
5 9 4
LIONVILLE RUN
PINE CREEK
11
13
12 3
14
COLEBROOK RUN
3.2
Sanitary Sewage Treatment Facilities The majority of the properties within the Shamona Creek Watershed are served by public sewage system. The public sewer system consists of collection and conveyance facilities and two treatment / disposal facilities. In addition to the public sewage system, it is estimated that approximately 25 to 30 residential properties have on-lot sewage treatment systems. Uwchlan Township owns and operates the Townships public sewage collection and conveyance facilities. The Township Public Works Department is responsible for the operation and maintenance of these facilities. As part of the maintenance program, the Township regularly inspects the facilities to ensure no illicit discharges into the watershed occur. The wastewater is collected and conveyed to either the Downingtown Area Regional Authority (DARA) facility in Downingtown Borough or the Uwchlan Township Municipal Authoritys Eagleview Wastewater Treatment Plant (Eagleview WWTP). DARA is a multi-municipal organization which provides treatment to the wastewater prior to discharge to the East Branch of the Brandywine Creek. This discharge is located downstream of the Shamona Creek Watershed. The Eagleview WWTP is situated within the Shamona Creek drainage basin and provides wastewater treatment for the Eagleview residential and commercial development. The treatment processes include biological treatment by the extended aeration process, sand filtration, chemical addition for the removal of phosphorous and ultraviolet treatment for wastewater disinfection. The treatment plant discharges treated wastewater indirectly to the Shamona Creek through wetlands. The discharge is located upslope of the Eagleview Boulevard Dam. The current flow to the Eagleview WWTP, which has a design capacity of 475,000 gallons per day, is approximately 160,000 gallons per day. The treatment plant discharge is regulated by NPDES Permit No. PA0054917. The treatment plant has consistently met the permitted effluent limits, which include the following: Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand: 6 mg/l (May 1 to October 31) 12 mg/l (Nov. 1 to April 30) 20 mg/l 0.8 mg/l (May 1 to October 31) 2.4 mg/l Nov. 1 to April 30) Page 20
Total suspended solids: Ammonia as nitrogen:
Phosphorous as P:
0.8 mg/l (May 1 to Oct. 31) 1.6 mg/l (Nov. 1 to March 31) 6.0 mg/l (minimum) 6.0 to 9.0
Dissolved oxygen: pH:
The on-lot sewage disposal systems are located throughout areas of the watershed where connections to the public sewer are not available. The Chester County Health Department regulates all on-lot sewage systems and requires maintenance on the facilities. There are no known issues with the existing on-lot systems. 3.3 Stormwater Management Facilities With the urbanization of the watershed, there has been a significant amount of stormwater infrastructure constructed. The infrastructure consists of stormwater management basins, conveyance systems and numerous in-line facilities along the stream corridor. Recent development, approved after 2003, have stormwater management facilities that control both the peak discharge rate and the volume of runoff generated by the improvements. An extensive review of development plans and various site investigations have been performed to determine the location and conditions of various basins. As Within this report is a Stormwater Management Inventory Plan (Exhibit 6.3) that depicts the locations and approximate drainage areas for many of the significant stormwater facilities located within the watershed. The facilities depicted on this plan are not an all encompassing tabulations of facilities. As part of the Townships Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit, the Township is working on preparing an overall stormwater management facility map that depicts all conveyance facilities, outfalls and control facilities. This map will be used as part of the Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination program and can be utilized during the planning process for watershed improvement projects.
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4 Watershed Studies The Brandywine Valley Association (BVA) watershed group has recently completed the following reports that included the Shamona Creek Watershed: BVA Assessment Report for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Watersheds Chester County, Pennsylvania, dated April 2010 BVA Restoration Plan for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Chester County, Pennsylvania, dated May 2010.
4.1
Assessment Report for Shamona Creek Watersheds The 2010 BVA Assessment Report documents existing stream conditions and potential sources of watershed impairment. A stream walk (on-ground survey) was conducted and aquatic investigations at various sample stations within the watershed were performed. The investigations included benthic macroinvertebrate sampling and habitat analysis, as well as physical and chemical water quality sampling. Aquatic investigations at five (5) sample sites were performed within Shamona Creek Watershed (sites 11-15). As per the BVA Assessment Report Table 7, all five (5) sample locations were impaired in regards to benthic macroinvertebrate community, one (1) site was impaired for habitat and three (3) locations were impaired for phosphorus. No sites within the watershed were impaired for nitrogen.
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BVA Assessment Report - Table 7 (excerpt) Impaired Stream Reaches Site 11 12 13 14 15 Macros I I I I I Habitat NI NI NI NI I Phosphate I NI I I NI Nitrate NI NI NI NI NI Key: I Impaired NI Not Impaired
Site Description: Site 11: Lower reach of Shamona Creek (upslope of confluence with the East Branch of the Brandywine Creek). Upstream of confluence with Unnamed Tributary #2 at Shamona Creek Park. Lower reach of Unnamed Tributary #2 at Shamona Creek Park. Shamona Creek main stem upstream of Unnamed Tributary #1 at Wharton Dam. Lower reach of Unnamed Tributary #1 at confluence with main stem of Shamona Creek (rear of Eagleview Apartments).
Site 12:
Site 13: Site 14:
Site 15:
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4.2
Restoration Plan for Shamona Creek The 2010 BVA Restoration Plan summarizes the issues noted in the studied watersheds and recommends solutions to address the issues. Solutions to address the issues are broken down into high priority and medium priority projects. Three (3) high priority projects and two (2) medium priority projects are recommended for the Shamona Creek Watershed. The recommended projects include: A. High Priority 1. Impacted Stream Segment #73-74. Upslope of Eagleview Boulevard Dam. Recommendations: Restoration of eroded stream channel. 2. Impacted Stream Segment #76. Eagleview Boulevard Dam Pond. Recommendations: Install a vegetative buffer around pond and retrofit pond weir for fish and reptile migration. 3. Impacted Stream Segment #79-84 and 80-84. Wharton Boulevard Dam. Recommendation: Analyze dam structure to ensure optimum performance. Removal of accumulated sediment upslope of dam and stabilize eroded streambanks. B. Medium Priority 1. Impacted Stream Segment #87-88. West of Ferncastle Drive cul-de-sac. Recommendations: Stabilize eroded streambanks, install stabilized channel at rip-rap location and removal of nonfunctioning dam structure. 2. Impacted Stream Segment #100. Shamona Creek main stem, south of Filman Road. Recommendation: Stabilize severely eroded streambank at HOA owned property downslope of Dowlin Forge Road crooked bridge.
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Exhibit 4.2 BVA Assessment Report and Restoration Plan Location Map
74 73 76 84 83 82 81 79 14 80 15

BVA RESTORATION PLAN LEGEND
88 87
PINE CREEK
1 1 1
12 13
LIONVILLE RUN
100
11
COLEBROOK RUN
5 Municipal Regulations 5.1 Township Stormwater Management Ordinance. Stormwater management is currently regulated by the Uwchlan Township Stormwater Management Ordinance, Ordinance No. 2 of 2005, adopted May 9, 2005. At the time of adoption, this ordinance was consistent with the applicable state regulations. The 2005 Ordinance regulates all land development activities including building permit plans, and any improvements that involve the construction of new impervious surfaces greater than 1,000 square feet and / or earth disturbance activities that disturb more than 5,000 square feet. The ordinance requires: Section 405. Groundwater Recharge. The net increase volume of runoff that occurs during the two-year storm event must be captured and infiltrated. Section 406. Water Quality Requirements. Water quality best management practices to be implemented to improve water quality for the first one (1) inch of rainfall. Section 407. Stream Bank Erosion Requirements. In order to minimize the impact of improvements, the two-year storm event peak discharge rate must be reduced to the one-year peak discharge rate. Section 408. Stormwater Peak Rate Control. The post developed peak rate of runoff must be reduced to the existing conditions peak rate of runoff for all storm events including the two-year to the 100-year events.
Prior to the adoption of this ordinance, stormwater management was regulated by the Township Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, Ordinance No. 7902, adopted June 11, 1979. 5.2 Township Comprehensive Plan The Uwchlan Township Comprehensive Plan has been recently updated in 2010. The 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update includes an inventory and analysis of existing conditions within the Township and establishes overall Township goals and procedures for implementation of the goals. The goals are detailed in Chapter 5 of the Comprehensive Plan and are broken into two categories, Short-Range Strategies and Long-Range Strategies. Strategies that would assist with achieving the goals of this Watershed Plan include: Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 26
A. Zoning Ordinance Land Use. Emphasize the use of the Residential Open Space Option for undeveloped tracts to set aside open space for the preservation of sensitive natural features and the minimization of additional impervious. B. Zoning Ordinance - Create regulations that require Open Space Management Plans to be created for new development which detail the management and maintenance responsibilities for open spaces in new developments. C. Zoning Ordinance Consider the creation of steep slope regulations that restricts or prohibits development and impervious surfaces within the steep slopes. D. Subdivision Ordinance Update the current Stormwater Management Ordinance to include additional Best Management Practices (BMPs). E. Zoning Ordinance Update the Zoning Ordinance to include tree protection and replacement standards within the Environmental Impact Assessment. F. Land Use Preserve the floodplain and wetland area within the 27-acre Nelson Property south of the PA Turnpike. G. On-going Strategies Continue the Township policy of including sensitive water resource areas within the open space of developments. H. Open Space Planning Incorporate the undeveloped tract south of Windham, planned for Medium Density Residential, into the Township open space network as the open space created protects wetland areas and provided for a connection to the existing Windham open space. I. Open Space Planning Continue to acquire through the open space within the development process, conservation easement, or actual purchase, a buffer along the Shamona Creek. J. Recreation Lands & Facilities Evaluate and consider the acquisition of the Pennypacker Country Club, if the property becomes available. 5.3 Township Zoning Ordinance The Township Zoning Ordinance reflects the land use policies from the Township Comprehensive Plan and was originally prepared in 1994. Numerous amendments have been made since the 1994 adoption. Section 510 FP Floodplain District has been amended to provide regulations for riparian buffers. Per Section 301, a Riparian Setbacks and Buffer Area is an undeveloped, vegetated corridor 50-foot in width generally parallel to any permanent or intermittent stream, river, brook, creek, lake, pond, one-hundredyear floodplain, or wetland. Section 510 regulates the permitted uses and restrictions within a Riparian Setback and Buffer Area and requires the
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preservation of woodlands, limits the impervious coverage and encourages the reforestation of the setback and buffer area. Land use regulations within the Zoning Ordinance include options for Residential Open Space Option, Planned Single Family Development and Planned Commercial Industrial District (PCID). These land use regulations promote the creation of open space within the development. 5.4 Township MS4 Permit Uwchlan Township owns and operates a regulated small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) and has a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) MS4 Individual Permit (PAI-130505). As an operator of a regulated small MS4, Uwchlan Township has developed and implements a stormwater management program which includes six (6) Minimum Control Measures (MCM) as required by the Pennsylvania DEP. The MCMs are intended to reduce the amount of pollutants that are discharged into the watershed. The six MCMs are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Public Education and Outreach Public Participation/Involvement Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Construction Site Runoff Control Post-Construction Runoff Control Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping
The Township has been operating the MS4 Stormwater Program since 2003 with assistance from the Brandywine Valley Association (BVA) watershed group. The BVA provides a valuable resource to Uwchlan Township and other local municipalities assisting with the Public Education and Outreach and the Public Participation/Involvement minimum control measures.
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6 Watershed Improvement Goals and Issues The objective of this Watershed Plan is to develop a strategy for the shareholders of the watershed to utilize to improve the water quality and natural hydrologic regime of the watershed so that all streams are attaining state water quality standards. The watershed improvement goals can be further defined as: 1. Improve Stream Habitat. 2. Protect and Restore Stream Corridors, including riparian buffers and floodplains. 3. Reduce Flooding. Per the BVA Assessment Report for Shamona Creek and East Branch Brandywine Creek Watersheds Chester County, Pennsylvania April 2010, portions of the Shamona Creek and the tributaries are impaired for the following: benthic macro invertebrate community habitat phosphorus
Per the 2010 PA DEP Final Pennsylvania Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, the causes for the Shamona Creek impairments are noted as: Cause Unknown Siltation Water / Flow Variability
This Watershed Plan establishes a list of recommendations for projects that can be implemented by the shareholders to achieve the desired result of improving water quality and the natural hydrologic regime.
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6.1
Cause of Impairments Discussion The impairment to the benthic macro invertebrate community and the overall stream habitat are caused by a variety of sources. A. Streambank / channel bed erosion causes siltation which negatively impacts habitat. The cause of the erosion can be attributed to the following: Urbanization / development of the watershed o Increase volume of runoff o Water / Flow Variability Steep natural terrain of the lower reach of Shamona Creek. Poor stream bank stability B. The Urbanization of the watershed has altered the natural hydrologic regime by reducing the natural infiltration and natural water flow, and increasing the volume of runoff. Runoff from the improvements have been collected and conveyed either: Directly to streams for the older developments built prior to the stormwater management regulations. To centralized detention basins for projects constructed in the 1980s and 1990s. To infiltration facilities or other best management practices (BMPs) such as infiltration basins / beds for projects constructed in the 2000s. When a land area is altered from a natural forested ecosystem to an urbanized land use consisting of rooftops, streets and parking lots, the hydrology of the system is significantly altered. Water which was previously ponded on the forest floor, infiltrated into the soil and converted to groundwater, utilized by plants and evaporated or transpired into the atmosphere is now converted directly into surface runoff. An important measure of the degree of urbanization in a watershed is the level of impervious surfaces. As the level of imperviousness increases in a watershed, more rainfall is converted to runoff. The urbanization of a watershed directly corresponds to the water / flow variability listed in PA DEP 2010 Pennsylvania Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report. C. Phosphorus. As per the 2010 BVA Assessment Report, three (3) of the sample locations were impaired for phosphorus. In water, phosphorus behaves as a fertilizer, accelerating plant and algae growth. When plants and algae die,
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bacteria consume oxygen that is dissolved in the water. When this happens, less oxygen is available for fish and aquatic life that need oxygen to survive. Generally, sources for phosphorus include wastewater treatment plants and other nonpoint sources, such as stormwater runoff, septic tanks, and agriculture. Phosphorus is in leaves, lawn clippings, animal wastes, some lawn fertilizers and most garden fertilizers, and is attached to soil. When leaves, lawn clippings, animal wastes, fertilizers, and soil are picked up by stormwater runoff and are carried directly to the waterways, they provide the ponds and streams with excess phosphorus. This excess phosphorus causes increased algae growth. Algae are small green plants that live in lakes and streams. Increased algae growth is observed as green algae blooms or scums on ponds. Too much algae is harmful to a stream and pond systems. It blocks sunlight and prevents other plants from growing. When it dies and decays, it also takes much needed oxygen away from fish. The urbanization of this watershed contributes to the phosphorus impairment. Most of the causes of impairments and the impairments themselves are directly related to one another. The Shamona Creek Watershed has seen significant development over the last fifty (50) years which has altered the natural hydrologic regime of the watershed. This urbanization has created water / flow variability which in returns causes streambank and channel erosion. The erosion increases the silt within the stream channels and local ponds which cause impairments to the stream habitat including the macro invertebrate community. A significant cause of the various impairments is the urbanization of the watershed. This urbanization has caused an increased volume of runoff, flooding of stream channel and erosion of the streambanks and channels. 6.2 Urbanization of the Watershed Discussion The urbanization of Uwchlan Township can be attributed to proximity of the region to the significant highways and various commercial districts. Within Uwchlan Township, there is the Downingtown Interchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike. This interchange was constructed in 1949. The interchange connects the Turnpike to State Route 100 - Pottstown Pike which is the major north / south access route of Chester County. Also within Uwchlan Township is State Route 113 Uwchlan Avenue. Route 113 is an arterial street connecting the Borough of Downingtown to the Township and beyond to Chester Springs and Phoenixville Borough. The adjoining Township of West Whiteland Township is a major Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 31
commercial district of the County and has the Exton Square Mall which opened in 1973. So a combination of major roadways and commercial districts has made Uwchlan Township a prime development area. Census 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population 507 599 761 995 5,473 8,364 12,999 16,576 18,088 Population Increase 92 162 234 4478 2891 4635 3577 1512 % Increase 18.1% 27.0% 30.7% 450.1% 52.8% 55.4% 27.5% 9.1%
Throughout the years of development from the 1960s to the present time, the Township has protected a significant amount of land from future development. This land has been dedicated to the Township as open space or parkland or has been set aside as homeowners association open space. Within the Shamona Creek Watershed, there is approximately 400 acres of open space / parkland. Along the 3.87-mile stream corridor of the main stem of the Shamona Creek, there are approximately 2.4-miles of stream corridor with significant stream buffers (100foot+). 6.3 Identification of Pollution Sources In order to achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan and identify potential improvements to the watershed, the sources that cause the impairments need to be identified. Stormwater pollution sources can be separated into two categories; Non-point Source and Point Source. In general, non-point source pollution accounts for over 75% of Pennsylvanias total water pollution problem. Point Source Pollution refers to pollution originating from a defined source such as an outfall pipe or ditch. Non-Point Source Pollution typically refers to pollution originating from diffuse sources that does not originate from a single defined source. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 32
6.3.1 Point Source Pollution Based upon field observations, the predominant source of stormwater pollution from this watershed is point source pollution. The urbanization of the watershed has developed significant infrastructure, including roadways, underground conveyance systems (storm sewer), above ground conveyances systems (swales) and stormwater management facilities (basins, underground beds). The facilities were generated throughout the year as follows: Within the pre-1970s developments, there are no or minimal stormwater management facilities available to treat the point sources prior to discharge into the streams or ponds within the Township. The developments that occurred in the 1970s to the 1990s have stormwater management facilities that control the rate of runoff with no controls for the volume or water quality. Development that occurred within the 2000s, typically have stormwater management control facilities that control: o Peak rate of runoff. o Volume of runoff from the 2-year storm event. o Water quality.
An inventory of the stormwater management systems within the watershed were undertaken as part of this Watershed Plan. Exhibit 6.3 - Stormwater Management Inventory Plan depicts the location and approximate drainage areas for many of the stormwater management facilities located within the watershed. This plan is not an all exclusive listing of all facilities as information for all development projects were not available. 6.3.2 Non-Point Source Pollution Non-point source pollution sources can originate from a number of different sources. Typical sources include: a. b. c. d. e. On-lot sewage disposal systems. Agricultural land. Erosion and sedimentation from construction sites. Lawn and garden chemicals, including pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. Uncontrolled runoff discharges from roadways or parking facilities, including driveways. Page 33
a. On-lot sewage disposal systems. Due to the limited number of on-lot sewage disposal systems within the Shamona Creek Watershed, it is not anticipated that these systems are a significant contributor to non-point source pollution. The majority of development within the Township is served by a public sewer. The Eagleview Wastewater Treatment Plant, which is located within the watershed, currently meets and has met the permitted effluent limits as established by the PA DEP. b. Agricultural land. Due to the limited agricultural land within the watershed, it is not anticipated that there is a significant amount of non-point source pollution from agricultural land. There is only one parcel of land within the Shamona Creek Watershed that is an agricultural land use. The Happy Days Farm, located at the top of the watershed, adjacent to the Pennsylvania Turnpike Interchange and Route 100, is an active farm. The farm is 246acres and is owned by the Nelson Realty Trust, a real estate holding company for the Vanguard Group. The farm is currently operated by a tenant. To the best of our knowledge, this agricultural use does not have an approved Conservation Plan. c. Erosion and sedimentation from construction sites may contribute to the non-point source pollution within the watershed. These sites are regulated by the Township via the 2005 Stormwater Management Ordinance and the County Conservation District (for projects with earth disturbances greater than one (1) acre). d. Lawn and garden chemicals may be a significant non-point pollution source. The majority of the residential lands have well manicured lawns that most likely use weed control / fertilizers. e. Uncontrolled runoff from roadways, parking facilities and driveways may also be a significant non-point pollution source for this watershed.
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Exhibit 6.3 Stormwater Management Inventory Plan

SWM INVENTORY LEGEND
PINE CREEK
LIONVILLE RUN
COLEBROOK RUN

LEGEND
7 Watershed Improvement Recommendations The goals of this Watershed Plan include: Improve Stream Habitat. Protect and Restore Stream Corridors, including riparian buffers and floodplains. Reduce Flooding. As part of this Watershed Plan, a series of recommendations have been made to help achieve the above referenced goals. The recommendations are broken down into four (4) categories. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7.1 Land Use Planning Stormwater Management Planning Public Education and Outreach Watershed Improvement Projects
Land Use Planning Land Use Planning is a tool that can be utilized by the Township to achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan by implementing regulations that protect the natural resources, promote open space and manage redevelopment. Within the Shamona Creek Watershed, there are approximately 180.5-acres of vacant / developable land. The locations of this land are depicted on the attached Exhibit 2.3B Vacant / Developable Land Inventory Plan. This vacant / developable land represents approximately seven (7) percent of the total land area within the watershed. A significant portion of this land is constrained with natural resources including floodplain, wetlands and steep slopes. In order to achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan, the protection of the natural resources on these vacant parcels is important. The 2010 Uwchlan Township Comprehensive Plan Update has detailed numerous Short-Range and Long-Range Strategies that can be utilized by the Township in the land use planning for these parcels. These strategies include: A. Zoning Ordinance Land Use. Emphasize the use of the Residential Open Space Option for undeveloped tracts to set aside open space for the preservation of sensitive natural features. B. Zoning Ordinance - Create regulations that require Open Space Management Plans to be created for new development which detail the
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C.
D.
E. F. G.
H.
I.
management and maintenance responsibilities for open spaces in new developments. Zoning Ordinance Consider the creation of steep slope regulations that restricts or prohibits development and impervious surfaces within the steep slopes. Zoning Ordinance Update the Zoning Ordinance to include tree protection and replacement standards within the Environmental Impact Assessment. Land Use Preserve the floodplain and wetland area within the 27-acre Nelson Property south of the PA Turnpike. On-going Strategies Continue the Township policy of including sensitive water resource areas within the open space of developments. Open Space Planning Incorporate the undeveloped tract south of Windham, planned for Medium Density Residential, into the Township open space network as the open space created protects wetland areas and provided for a connection to the existing Windham open space. Open Space Planning Continue to acquire through the open space within the development process, conservation easement, or actual purchase, a buffer along the Shamona Creek. Recreation Lands & Facilities Evaluate and consider the acquisition of the Pennypacker Country Club, if the property becomes available.
With assistance from the Chester County Planning Commission via the Vision Partnership Program (VPP), Uwchlan Township has been proactive to address the 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update regulatory recommendations by preparing Zoning Ordinance amendments and a new Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance (SALDO). It is anticipated that the Zoning Amendments and the SALDO will be adopted in 2013. The Amendments and SALDO will help achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan. Land Use Planning Recommendations: The Comprehensive Plan has outlined a series of general strategies that will help achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan. The Township should continue to be proactive with the implementation of these goals, including but not limited to: 1. Finalize and adopt the Zoning Ordinance Amendments and Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance.
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2. Property owners and the Township should work together to develop sustainable designs that benefit the watershed and the fellow shareholders of the watershed. 3. Also as mentioned in the 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update, an on-going implementation strategy of the Township is to promote energy efficiency standards, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for the development and redevelopment of buildings, properties, and neighborhoods. LEED Design projects incorporate design elements that would help achieve the goal of this Watershed Plan such as green roofs to control runoff volume and infiltration design best management practices such as rain gardens, porous pavement and biofiltration areas. 4. The Township should continue to evaluate vacant parcels of land for preservation including but not limited to buffers surrounding Shamona Creek and its tributaries, and the Pennypacker Country Club. 7.2 Stormwater Management Planning Uwchlan Township is responsible for regulating stormwater management from all new development that occurs within the Township. The Townships 2005 Stormwater Management Ordinance is the regulative tool used to control stormwater generated from new development. The current Township Ordinance is based upon an Act 167 model ordinance and is generally consistent with current PA DEP National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements. The Pennsylvania Stormwater Management Act 167 requires counties to prepare, periodically update and adopt Plans for all stormwater management watersheds. The Chester County Water Resource Authority (CCWRA) is currently in the final stage of the County-wide Act 167 Stormwater Management Plan for Chester County, PA. The Final Act 167 Plan will produce a model stormwater management ordinance that Uwchlan Township is required to adopt within six (6) months of PA DEP approval of the Plan. This ordinance will strengthen stormwater management regulations and update various regulatory requirements to be consistent with the recent changes to the NPDES permit requirements, PA Title 25 Chapter 102 Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program and the December 2006 Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. The model ordinance from the County-wide Act 167 plan will strengthen several key components of the Township regulations which will assist achieving the goals of this Watershed Plan including but not limited to the following: Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 38
Stormwater volume control. The model ordinance has regulations regarding water volume controls in addition to the infiltration requirements. The current ordinance requires groundwater recharge for a recommended amount with step down requirements for sites in which the soil conditions do not support the full recharge requirement. Soil test requirements. The model ordinance updates the soil test requirements based upon current industry procedures. The will produce more accurate designs that area sustainable over the long term. Loading ratios for infiltration facilities. The model ordinance provides regulatory requirements to comply with the PA DEP BMP manual for total drainage area and impervious area loading ratios. Operation and Maintenance of Post Construction Stormwater Management facilities. The model ordinance strengthens the requirements for post construction maintenance of stormwater management facilities within new development by the current and future property owners. The regulatory requirement will ensure the long term operation and maintenance of the stormwater management facilities.
Upon adoption of the Act 167 Plan by the County and approval by the PA DEP, Uwchlan Township must adopt the Act 167 Stormwater Management Ordinance. This ordinance will be the regulatory tool to minimize or eliminate the impacts of new stormwater runoff on the existing streams. Reduction of stormwater runoff into the stream will aid in eliminating streambank erosion and improving turbidity. Additionally, maintaining the existing stream flow in the stream will assist with the year round habitat. 7.3 Public Education and Outreach In order to achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan, it is important to involve all shareholders of the watershed. It is not the responsibility of one entity to improve the watershed but all shareholders including but not limited to the Township, property owners, developers, business owners, employees of the local businesses and users of the Township parks, open spaces and trail systems. Education of these shareholders is key to make noticeable improvements to the watershed. Currently Uwchlan Township implements a stormwater management program that meets the regulatory requirements of the PA DEP National Pollutant Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 39
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) program. This program is intended to reduce the amount of pollutants that are discharged into the watershed. As part of this program, the Township must implement a Public Education and Outreach program to distribute educational materials to the community, or conduct equivalent outreach activities about the impacts of stormwater discharges on local waterbodies and the steps that can be taken to reduce stormwater pollution. As part of the current Township MS4 stormwater program, the Township has identified various shareholders within the watershed and outlined methods to educate those shareholders about stormwater management. With the assistance of the Brandywine Valley Association (BVA) watershed group, the Township meets the regulatory requirements of the permit by: Placing stormwater management advertisements in local newspapers. Supporting various education programs sponsored by the BVA. Including educational material on stormwater management at the Township office and the Township Parks for the general public. Including articles within Township newsletters regarding stormwater management issues. On the Township Website, provide information regarding the MS4 program and links to PA DEP Water Management program. Provide stormwater management education material with building permit applications and at pre-construction meetings with developers / contractors. Distribute stormwater management education material with Welcome Packs to new residents within the Township.
Since the inception of the Uwchlan Township MS4 stormwater management program in 2003, the public education and outreach has targeted a variety of general issues regarding stormwater management pollution. Utilizing the data from the 2010 BVA Assessment Report and 2010 BVA Restoration Report along with other data gathered as part of this Watershed Plan, it is recommended that the education program be expanded to target site specific watershed issues, including but not limited to: Phosphorus pollution Streambank stabilization Streambank and pond riparian buffers Water quality improvements such as detention basin retrofits Page 40
Volume controls including rain barrel installation, rain gardens, and impervious surface disconnects
Consideration should be given to expand the educational outreach to target groups such as pond owners and homeowners associations regarding site specific issues. There is an abundant amount of education resources available from local watershed groups, county agencies and state agencies that can be utilized. In addition, consideration should be given to conduct public education workshops to discuss the issues within the watershed. Local watershed groups such as the BVA and potentially the County Conservation District may be available to assist with the coordination of these workshops. 7.4 Watershed Improvement Projects During the watershed assessment process, specific areas were identified that had the potential to be improved. The identified improvement areas are not intended to be a fully comprehensive list but to act a guidebook for the shareholders of the watershed to utilize to achieve the goals of this Watershed Plan. The improvement projects are broken down into three (3) categories: Streambank Stabilization projects Land Use / Land Cover Improvement projects Stormwater Management Facility Improvement projects
7.4.1 Streambank Stabilization Projects Streambank erosion is a natural process that can be accelerated due to a variety of causes, including the urbanization of the watershed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that streambank erosion contributes a large portion of the annual sediment load within a watershed. This sediment load created by the bank / channel erosion negatively affects the overall habitat within the streams. Addressing this erosion is critical to the overall watershed water quality. In general, land use activities can negatively affect the stability of the banks by increasing the volume of runoff and destroying the natural vegetation that occurs in the riparian corridors along the stream channel. Due to the nature of the topography (steep streambanks and large channel elevation changes) and the highly erodible soils located along the creek, the lower portion of Shamona Creek has experienced significant streambank erosion over the years. The Township and residents within the watershed have been very Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 41
proactive to address this erosion. Numerous stabilization projects have been completed on Township property and on private property. The stabilization projects that have been undertaken have generally used hard armor practices (large rock). Methods to address the streambank erosion vary depending on the location of the erosion, the channel slope and resultant water velocity, existing vegetative cover and construction access. In general, varies construction methods may include: Coir Logs Coir Logs are tightly bound cylinders of coir fibers (coconut fiber) held together by coir fiber netting made from coir twine. They are generally available in 10 to 20 foot lengths and are 12 to 20 inches in diameter. They are excellent to use as a toe protection in areas of low velocity water flow. After installation, the coir fiber log becomes saturated with water and vegetation can be planted directly on the logs. Coir fiber logs are eco-friendly; they provide a natural appearance and decompose over a three to five year period by which time the plants establish their root into the bank helping to stabilize erosion. Coir rolls are installed by making a shallow trench along the toe of the streambank. The coir rolls are placed in the trench so that the bottom and back are together with the streambank. They are secured at the toe of the slope using wooden stakes along both sides. Nylon or coir twine is used to secure the coir logs around the wooden stakes and the stakes are driven down firmly, securing the coir fiber roll to the streambed. The advantage of the coir log system is that they can be transported into the site manually therefore eliminating equipment damage to the surrounding streambank and floodplain. The general costs range, depending on size and quantity, $12 / 12 inch diameter to $25 /20 diameter. Fascines Live fascines (LF) and inert fascines (IF) are cylindrical shaped bundled structures made from cuttings of living woody plant material. In the LF, the cut branches are expected to grow producing roots and top growth, (performing additional soil reinforcement via the roots and surface protection via the top growth). The LF is used from the base flow elevation and up along the face of an eroded streambank, acting principally to protect the bank toe and bank face. They are also useful over the crown to improve erosion control, infiltration, and other riparian zone functions. The IF is not intended to grow, but can be used to protect the toe of the streambank while other vegetation becomes established. The LF and IF can also be configured to act as current deflectors and pole drains that collect and transport water. Both have the potential to accumulate sediment. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 42
Live Fascines and inert fascines benefit fisheries habitat by providing food and cover when they are used in close proximity to the edge of the stream. Stone used at the base of the LF or IF provides substrate for an array of aquatic organisms. Some of these organisms adapt to living on and within the rocks while others utilize the leaves and stems for habitat or as food. LF or IF can improve water quality and aesthetics. Plants within the LF or IF can be selected to provide color, texture, and other attributes that add a pleasant, natural landscape appearance, assimilate contaminants within the water column, and reduce nonpoint pollution by intercepting sediment and attached pollutants coming into the stream from flow and overbank areas. The advantage is similar to the coir log since they can be transported manually. The average costs are also dependent on size and generally range within the same cost range as coir logs. Hard Armoring / Rock Protection The streambank stabilization method of hard armoring includes the placement of rock riprap and / or gabion baskets along the streambanks to protect the soil from erosion. Gabions baskets are rock-filled wire baskets). Hard armoring may require grading the bank to a gentler slope. This technique provides very good protection and will work in severe situations where vegetative methods may not be suited. This technique is typically more expensive than other techniques due to the construction equipment and material costs. Rock size is based upon stream flows and velocity and it is recommended that a cut-off trench be installed at the toe.
Riparian Buffer Restoration A riparian buffer is a permanent area of trees, shrubs and specific seeded areas adjacent to streams, ponds and wetlands. The buffer areas provide the last cleaning and provide ecological and water quality benefits. Riparian forests are Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 43
the most beneficial since they also add shade and temperature control for the existing waterway. In order to improve the water quality within the Shamona Creek Watershed, it is recommended that areas of streambank erosion be stabilized. The 2010 BVA Restoration Plan has noted locations for potential streambank stabilization projects. Additional locations have been identified as part of this Watershed Plan and are noted below. Streambank erosion is a natural process that will continue to occur, especially in a developed watershed. The shareholders of the watershed should continue to evaluate the streambank condition and address locations as they are observed. The responsibility of the restoration of streambank erosion is typically the landowners responsibility. The shareholders of the watershed, including private individuals, homeowners associations, watershed groups and the Township should continue to evaluate the all stream channels and look to develop partnerships to correct the problems as they arise. Grant opportunities should be evaluated for funding options. Recommended streambank stabilization projects include: A. Shamona Creek Main Stem. Space) (Parcel 33-3-89 Greenbriar Open
As referenced in the 2010 BVA Restoration Report, Impacted Stream Segment #100 is a severely eroded streambank. This segment is located on the lower portion of the Shamona Creek main stem, approximately 600 feet south from the intersection of Dowlin Forge Road and Fillman Road. The property is owned by the Greenbriar Civic Association and is a 17.2-acre wooded open space area. The length of the erosion is approximately 230-feet long and the near vertical eroded streambanks range are about 12 to 15 feet in height. The erosion is occuring on the east side of the channel prior to a channel direction change to the west. The resident located upslope of this area has completed a streambank stabilization project utilizing large rock material and the Township has completed numerous streambank stabilization projects directly downslope of this area. The downslope projects were completed utilizing hard armor / riprap. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 44
The channel slope ranges from one (1) to three (3) percent in this area. The area surrounding the channel is mature woodlands with a significant overstory. The erosion has caused trees along the stream channel to topple. The cause of the erosion within this area can be attributed to the following: Significant flows at the lower reach of the main stem of the Shamona Creek. Channel alignment and hydraulic geometry of the channel Recommendations: Due to the continuing erosion and tree impacts along this stream reach, the stabilization of this segment is classified as a high priority project. Based upon the high flows (estimated at approximately 2000 cfs for the 100-year storm event) and the existing overstory, it is recommended that hard armor practices be utilized for this streambank protection project. Final design considerations must include the following: o Due to the steep embankments, the side slope may need to be cut back to ensure the riprap is stable. Alternately, a gabion basket or reno mattress system may be an option. o Undermining or scouring is a potential issue to address in this application. Low level bank protection and deflectors should be incorporated into the final design. o Vegetive plantings such as live stakes may be feasible and is desireable above the hard armoring of the stream channel. The height of the rock placement should match and / or exceed the height of the streambanks on the opposite side of the channel. Above this rock, a bench can be installed and a more moderate slope can be established. Vegetative plantings can be installed at this location to stabilize the embankment. Plant material must be selected based upon the evaluation of the existing overstory of trees and the soil conditions. The project will require a PADEP General Permit #3 and depending on the construction equipment, a temporary stream crossing is anticipated to be needed to access the east side of the creek.
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Photo 1: Downstream view of severly eroded streambank.
Photo2: Upstream view of eroded bank and down tree
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B.
Eagleview Corporate Center (Eagleview Lots 59 and 60) The 2010 BVA Restoration Report has listed Impacted Stream Segment #73-74 as a high priority project. This segment is located upslope of the Eagleview Boulevard Stormwater Management Basin A and is approximately 440 linear feet in length. The BVA Report indicates the stream channel has eroded banks in heights of three (3) to four (4) feet. Based upon the existing vegetation and condition of the surrounding land, the BVA recommends that vegetative stabilization practice can be successfully implemented in this area (live stakes, willow whips, and brush mattresses). Based upon site observations, the following were noted: The stream in this area is meandering due to the mix cover of forested areas with an established root base to a mixed open scrub grass and brush fields. The resulting effect from the ground surface cover changes through the area is varying degrees of streambank erosion in specific areas as the stream moves to find the path of least resistance. In addition to the eroded area noted in the BVA Report, similar, but lower in height eroded streambanks were observed but were generally revegetating with the local grasses. Two stormwater management channels were observed on Lot 60. These channels collect and convey stormwater runoff from the upslope parking lot improvements and due to the high outlet velocity, erosion is occurring within the channels.
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Photo 1. Looking downstream from storm sewer toward Eagleview Boulevard Basin A on Lot 60. Recommendations.
Photo 2. Eroded stormwater channel from Photo 1.
The streambank erosion located in the Shamona Creek main stem as referenced in the BVA Report (Segment #73-74) and the stormwater conveyance channel erosion are significant contributors to the sediment loads within the watershed and should be addressed. The eroded streambanks and stormwater channels in this area are candidates for vegetative stabilization methods including the use of live stakes, willow strips and brush mattresses. The combination of the plantings, existing vegetation and available sunlight should allow for quick restoration. The areas where erosion is more extensive, a mix of plantings supplemented by coir logs or fascines should be considered. The use vegetative methods will minimize the impacts by construction equipment to the natural floodplain area. Lot 60 of the Eagleview Corporate Park is currently vacant but the owner of the lot has recently submitted a Land Development Plan for the construction of a four-story 85,000 square foot office building. The areas of erosion are proposed to be developed therefore the current channels will be removed. If development of this lot is does not occur at this time, it is recommended that erosion controls and water quality controls be implemented to minimize the erosion and improve water quality of the runoff discharging from the parking areas. A vegetated channel with step pool design could be a cost effective improvement.
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C.
Shamona Creek Park The main stem of Shamona Creek parallels Dowlin Forge Road within the Shamona Creek Park for a distance in excess of 2,800-feet. The stream channel is relatively straight with the exception of the crossing of Dowlin Forge Road at the park entrance and the channel has relatively modest grade changes. The width is significant compared to elsewhere within the watershed ranging from 15feet to 30-feet. The heights of the streambanks range from 2-feet to 4-feet. There is significant tree overstory along the creek on both sides consisting of large and small trees. At various areas along the creek within the park, there are minor areas of streambank erosion. The segments of erosion range from 10-feet in length to 30 to 40-feet. The eroded banks are only a few feet high but undermining of trees located on the streambanks is beginning to occur. Recommendation: In order to minimize the loss of trees and addition of sediment load into the watershed, this streambank erosion should be addressed. Based upon the wide stream channel, modest grades and a low velocity, a combination of coir logs and facines may be a feasible method to address this erosion. These methods would minimize the need for large construction items to access the site which would minimize brush and tree removal along the stream corridor. At the areas where there are modest changes in direction, the placement of rock in the stream corridor should be considered to direct the flow away from the embankments. Options include rock vanes and J-hooks.
D.
Martin Memorial Park Martin Memorial Park is a 15-acre parcel with access off of Laurel Moors Drive and Charles Drive (approximately 900-feet downstream from Deep Willow Drive). The park consists of a parking lot, active recreation fields, a tot lot, a basketball area and passive recreation areas. The Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #2 traverses the center of the park. A small pedestrian wood bridge connects the parking area and the park land. The stream channel varies in width but is generally 3 to 6-feet wide. The streambank height is approximately 1 to 3-feet. Within the park area, the channel slope ranges from 1 to 3-percent. The alignment of the channel can be classified as meandering.
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The park is owned and maintained by Uwchlan Township. A portion of the area adjacent to the stream channel is mowed up to the streambank. The stream is an integral part of the park and it is mowed to maintain access for the park users. At varies stream bends within the parkland, minor areas of erosion have begun to occur. Recommendation: Based upon the high visibility of the stream channel within the park, it is recommended that consideration to implementing a combination streambank stabilization project / public education outreach project. Based upon the heights of the stream embankments, the relative low flow compared to the main stem of the Shamona Creek, streambank stabilization can be accomplished via coir log and / or fascines. Work can be completed for relatively low cost and informational signs can be installed adjacent to the project to educate the users of the park of the work completed.
Photo 1. View of streambank erosion looking downstream within park adjacent to ball fields.
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E.
Stream encroachments The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) inspects all Uwchlan Townships bridges biannually. Bridge inspection reports are prepared by PennDOT and supplied to the Township. Uwchlan Townships Public Works Department also inspects the bridges and culverts before and after major rainfall events to ensure they are not blocked and to assess any damage that may have occurred. Based upon review of the PennDOT inspection reports and inspections of the structures, a variety of minor issues were noted at structures that can contribute to water quality issues. Bridge / culverts are often designed so the stream channel is constricted at the structure. This constriction often creates erosion and scour at the abutments. In addition, the constricted waterways often results in gravel bar deposits within the culvert. This erosion and scour jeopardizes the structural stability of the bridges / culverts and contributes to the sediment loads within the watershed. The gravel bar deposits reduce the flood carrying capacity of the bridge / culvert and if not maintained can be washed out into the watershed during a large storm event. The issues and recommendations for the stream encroachments include the following: (1) Encroachment #4 Kingston Lane. Shamona Creek Main Stem - Dowlin Forge Road adjacent to Kingston Lane. Structure: 1942 reinforced concrete T-beam bridge Issues noted: Scour at upstream end of bridge, along stone wall adjacent to structure and at downstream side of structure. Streambank erosion on downstream side of bridge. Recommendations: Install clean rock protection at scour locations. Install rip-rap protection along streambank on downstream end. Work will require a PA DEP General Permit-11 to complete
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(2)
Encroachment #3 Shamona Creek Park Shamona Creek Main Stem - Dowlin Forge Road adjacent to Shamona Creek Park entrance. Structure: 1965 non-composite pre-stressed adjacent box beam bridge Issues noted: Scour along southern abutment wall. Gravel bar accumulation along northern abutment. Recommendations: Install clean rock protection at scour location. Remove gravel bar under bridge. Work will require a PA DEP General Permit-11 to complete
(3)
Encroachment #2 Crooked Bridge Shamona Creek Main Stem - Dowlin Forge Road adjacent to 1200 Dowlin Forge Road (Crooked Bridge). Structure: 1907 Brick and Stone Masonry Deck Arch bridge Issues noted: Scour at upstream end of bridge approximately 30-feet long by 8-feet high. Recommendations: Install clean rock protection at scour locations. Work will require a PA DEP General Permit-11.
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7.4.2 Land Use / Land Cover Improvement Projects The following land uses improvements are recommended to enhance water quality within the Shamona Creek watershed. A. Happy Days Farm Parcel 33-4-28.1, 28, 27.1, 29 Happy Days Farm is located at the headwaters of the Shamona Creek watershed. The farm is currently owned by Nelson Realty Trust of Malvern PA and is approximately 246-acres. 84-acreas of the tract is located within the Shamona Creek watershed and the remainder is located within the Pickering Creek watershed. The parcel is bound between the Pennsylvania Turnpike Interchange, Route 100-Pottstown Pike and Sheree Boulevard. The farm is currently operated by a tenant. Numerous development plans for this parcel has been submitted to Uwchlan Township within the last twenty years but no projects have been constructed. No immediate plans are anticipated for the development of this parcel. To the best of our knowledge, this agricultural use does not have an approved Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Plan. Agricultural uses are generally significant contributors to sediment loads within watersheds. Recommendation. In order to improve water quality within the Shamona Creek watershed, it is recommended that the tenant farmer and / or the owner of the lots should be encouraged to develop an agricultural conservation plan and an agricultural erosion and sedimentation control plan for the operation of the farm. Pennsylvanias Chapter 102 (Erosion and Sediment Control and Stormwater Management) Regulations approved on November 19, 2010, require all farms to develop and implement a written plan to reduce erosion when plowing and tilling (includes no-till cropping) and Animal Heavy Use Areas (AHUA) disturbing more than 5,000 square feet. Under Chapter 102, all agricultural plowing and tilling and AHUAs are required to implement agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs). The Pennsylvania NRCS and the Chester County Conservation District provides local farmers resources to develop a conservation plan. Certified Conservation Planner are available to meet with farmers to establish long and short term
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goals and objectives while developing the applicable conservation plan to address the cropping system, livestock, nutrient and pest management. B. Township Park Land. Park. Shamona Creek Park & Martin Memorial
Shamona Creek Park is an approximately 23-acre parcel abutting Dowlin Forge Road and Peck Road. Martin Memorial Park is a 15-acre parcel with access off of Laurel Moors Drive and Charles Drive. The main stem of Shamona Creek and the Unnamed Tributary to Shamona Creek #2 traverses Shamona Creek Park and only the unnamed tributary traverses Martin Memorial Park. Both parks have active recreation fields, tot lot areas and passive recreation areas. The parks are maintained by the Township Parks Department. Based upon site investigations, it was observed that significant portions of the park lands are manicured lawn areas. Within Martin Memorial Park, significant areas adjacent in the field areas are mowed up to the stream banks. Recommendations. It is recommended that the Township complete a comprehensive analysis of the park lands and develop a ground cover management plan for the Township owned lands. Within both parks, portions of the mowed lawn areas can be modified to a meadow with minimal impact to the existing use of the park area. These meadow areas, if properly implemented, can provide water quality improvements. The ground cover management plan should address the required maintenance for the meadow areas which may include bi-annual mowing. A riparian buffer can be implemented around the stream within Martin Memorial Park. In order to provide access to the stream for the users of the park, delineated access locations can be incorporated into the management plan. C. Ponds Numerous ponds have been identified within the Shamona Creek Watershed. These ponds vary in size and function. Some ponds may be natural ponds while others may be man-made constructed for previous land uses such as farming. Some of the ponds may have been constructed as stormwater management facilities or recreation facilities. A comprehensive analysis of all ponds within the watershed has not been completed but cursory reviews of many of the facilities have been performed Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 54
during the various watershed site investigations. Many, if not most, of the pond lacked vegetative buffers surrounding the ponds. Most of the facilities have mowed turf grass located up to the edge of pond area. Minimal plantings, including trees and shrubs, were observed around the ponds and some of the ponds were noted to have significant geese population. Recommendations. In order to improve water quality within the watershed, pond owners can implement improvements to the various ponds. Recommended improvements include the following: Install native meadow vegetative buffers surrounding the ponds. Vegetative buffers improve water quality by reducing the pollutant loads that discharge to the ponds. Sediment and nutrient loadings are filtered out by the buffer areas. It is understood that pond owners mow to the edge of ponds for a variety of reasons including but not limited to aesthetics and access. o Aesthetics. Pond owners enjoy the viewing the ponds and vegetative buffers may limit visibility. Working with a qualified landscaper / landscape designer, buffer designs (planting types and locations) can be implemented to minimize the visual impacts. o Access. Meadow vegetation can limit access to the pond edge. A well designed vegetative buffer can include access locations to the pond while maintaining the buffer. Locations can be delineated by the placement of boulders, fence posts or similar items. Plant native canopy trees around pond areas. Trees will provide shade along the pond edge which helps reduce water temperatures and enhances fish habitat. Discontinue turfgrass fertilization within at least twenty (20) feet surrounding a pond. It is recommended that phosphorus-free fertilization should be used, if fertilization is necessary. Discourage disposal of grass clippings, leaves and lawn & yard refuse within the immediate drainage area to the pond. This yard waste refuse contributes to the phosphorus problem and create algae blooms.
Majority of the ponds within the watershed are located on private property. Watershed shareholders can improve water quality by encouraging / educating Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 55
pond owners regarding good pond management processes. There are numerous educational documents regarding pond management that can be distributed to the pond owners. Consideration by the Township should be given to incorporate the education of pond owners into the Uwchlan Township MS4 Program Minimum Control Measure #1 - Public Education and Outreach. 7.4.3 Watershed Improvement Projects Significant improvements to the watershed can be made by retrofitting existing stormwater BMPs to meet current water quality standards. Many of the basins within the watershed are traditional stormwater management basins which have been primarily designed to control the rate of runoff from new development. These facilities were designed for the sole purpose of reducing downstream flooding with minimal thoughts of water quality or controlling the volume of runoff generated from new impervious surfaces. Traditional basins decrease the base flow of streams by quickly sending stormwater downstream. Water quality within a watershed is often degraded by pollutants from parking areas, sediment or lawn chemicals. Retrofitting or naturalizing existing detention facilities can greatly improve the water quality discharging from the stormwater management facility. Naturalizing a detention basin may involve minor regrading of the basin bottom and planting the facility with native plants including trees, shrubs and wildflowers. The installation of a forebay would benefit the water quality by providing an area for the particulate matter to settle out. Modifications to the outlet structure to hold a shallow volume of water in the basin may be beneficial for the plant material and the overall water quality. Maintained turf grass within basins is recommended to be replaced with native grasses and plant material. Depending on the soil conditions, basin retrofits can be used to: Improve water quality by reducing the pollute discharge. Reduce the overland volume of runoff by promoting infiltration, thereby replenish groundwater aquifers. Promote evapotranspiration. Improve native habitat. If constructed properly, naturalized basins can be an attractive community asset and reduce annual maintenance costs by eliminating weekly mowing from the spring to the fall. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 56
A comprehensive review of the existing stormwater management facilities located within the watershed has been completed for this Watershed Plan. Basin locations were determined based upon record subdivision plans of records and site investigations were performed for most facilities. Approximate drainage areas to the basins were delineated to assist with determining the recommendations for improvements. When retrofitting existing stormwater management facilities, the following improvements are recommended to be incorporated into the design: Promote infiltration. If soil conditions permit, a traditional detention basin can be retrofit to promote infiltration. This can be accomplished with a stone infiltration bed within the basin, removal and replacement of the existing soils with amended soils, modification to the outlet structure (raise low orifice) or a combination of the above. It is recommended that the soil conditions be evaluated prior to design. Also, in order to promote the long term operation of the infiltration facility, pretreatment of the runoff is recommended. Loading ratios (ratio of drainage area and impervious area to the surface area) should also be investigated during the design process. High loading ratios can minimize the life span of the infiltration facility. Loading ratio recommendations can be found in the 2006 PA DEP Best Management Practices Manual, Appendix C. Improve Water Quality. Within the Shamona Creek watershed, many of the existing detention facilities have bottoms with turf grass that are mowed weekly during the growing season. Retrofitting these detention facilities should incorporate the conversion of the turf grass to native plantings that include grasses, shrubs and trees. This naturalization process creates filters for the stormwater runoff that remove pollutants, promotes the absorption of runoff / evapotranspiration, promotes infiltration and improves native habitat. Plant material must be chosen based upon the soil conditions and levels of water inundation. A management plan for the plant material must be prepared to ensure the long term operation of the material. Grasses and shrub material may need to be mowed bi-annually. The no-mow zones must be clearly delineated to avoid the accidental mowing of the native plant material. Delineation can be accomplished via signage / boulders or other markers. Based upon our site investigations, various basins were determined to be potential candidates for retrofits. The basins noted within this Watershed Plan are not an all-inclusive list but a general sampling that detail example projects. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 57
Some of the criteria utilized to evaluate the basins included drainage area, potential pollution load, existing condition of the basin, ownership of the facility, and location within the watershed. A. Sheree Boulevard / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Ramp (Parcel 33-4-23.1E) Within the center of the Route 100 off-ramp to Sheree Boulevard is an approximate 35,000 square foot above ground detention basin. The basin collects runoff from the ramp and the adjacent commercial development. Within the development is a Residence Inn hotel, a Pizzeria Uno restaurant and a 253-space asphalt parking lot. The land is owned by Uwchlan Township and the ground cover is maintained turf grass. The detention facility controls the runoff from the paved ramp area, the adjoining parking lot and roof area of the adjoining hotel and restaurant. A 24-inch reinforced concrete pipe discharges into the basin from the south and the existing outlet pipe is a 24-inch concrete pipe which outlets to a wetland area to the west. Recommendations for this facility include the following: Perform soil testing to determine if soil conditions permit infiltration. Based upon the elevations of the adjoining wetlands downslope of the facility, it is anticipated that limited to no groundwater infiltration will be possible. Develop a grading plan and evaluate outlet structure of the basin. If permitted by topography, design a forebay at the basin inflow location. Determine if outlet structure can be modified to control addition runoff or establish a shallow sumped area for volume control. Develop a landscape plan based upon soil conditions, including native meadow grasses and plant material. Landscape plan must detail maintenance requirements including watering and weeding. Due to location, plant material shall be low heights to allow for visibility. If soils permit, install a shallow stone infiltration bed within the basin bottom. Install amended soils above the facility to allow the runoff to enter the stone bed. If soils are not sufficient to allow for infiltration, amended soils within the basin bottom can still be installed for a depth of 12 to 18-inches (depth to be based upon soil test results). Compaction of soil conditions shall be limited. Plant the basin bottom in accordance with landscape plan. Consideration should be given to utilize no-till planting methods for converting basin to Page 58
meadow grass. Based upon the location of the facility, it is not anticipated to have an issue with deer browsing on the plant material. Maintain as necessary, including watering following the initial planting, removal of invasives and mowing of meadow area.
Photo 1: Sheree Boulevard / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Ramp Basin Existing Conditions West View Toward Outlet Structure
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Image 2: Sheree Boulevard / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Ramp Basin
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B.
Pennsylvania Turnpike / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Interchange The Pennsylvania Turnpike Downingtown Interchange is located at the headwaters of the Shamona Creek watershed. The interchange provides access to and from the PA Turnpike and Route 100 Pottstown Pike. Within this area of the watershed there are a few opportunities to make improvements that would benefit the watershed. The land surrounding the interchange is owned by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Recommended Improvements include the following: Recommendation #1: Adjacent to the interchange, there are a series of concrete channels designed to convey stormwater runoff from the interchange improvements. There are approximately 2,000 linear feet of these concrete channels. These concrete channels can be removed and replaced with vegetative swales that includes check dams or step pools to mitigate velocity concerns. Benefits for removal of the concrete channels and replacement with vegetative channels include improvements to water quality by removing pollutants and promoting infiltration. Recommendation #2: Bound between the PA Turnpike ramp to south Route 100 and Route 100, there are two (2) deep depressions that appear to be designed as detention basin facilities. Between the Turnpike ramp to north Route 100, there is also a depressed area that collects and conveys runoff under Route 100. All three areas have inflow and outflow pipes and are maintained lawn areas. It is recommended that these facilities be analyzed and retrofitted to promote infiltration and improve water quality. The outlet structures may be able to be retrofitted to retain a shallow depth of runoff and promote infiltration, while maximizing the amount of detention runoff to reduce the peak discharge rates. Soil testing will be required to determine the ability for the soil to accept runoff. In addition to the above, the maintained lawn areas can be converted to a meadow grass which will also help improve water quality and promote infiltration.
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Image 1: Pennsylvania Turnpike / Route 100 Pottstown Pike Interchange
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C.
Wharton Boulevard Dam The Wharton Boulevard Dam structure is an in-line stormwater management facility that was constructed the summer / fall of 1998 by the Hankin Group. The dam structure is a 105-ft long, 17-ft wide by 10-ft high poured in-place box culvert located within the main stem of Shamona Creek. A Dam Permit (Permit No. D15372) was issued by the PA DEP on January 16, 1997 to construct, operate, and maintain a stormwater management detention dam located across Shamona Creek. The drainage area to the dam is 1.74-square miles which is 43.2% of the total Shamona Creek Watershed area. The dam has been designed to control the peak rate of runoff from the majority of the Eagleview Corporate Center, Eagleview Town Center and Eagleview Residential development. The original design parameters assumed a 60-percent impervious coverage for the Eagleview Development drainage area. An analysis of the Wharton Boulevard Dam has been completed as part of this Watershed Plan to determine if modifications to the dam structure can be made to improve downstream conditions within the watershed. The following design parameters were utilized as part of the analysis: Post Developed Drainage Area: 1112.96-acres SCS Curve No.: 67.49 Time of Concentration: 0.69-hours Outlet Structure: 17 x 10 box culvert 4-ft weir at 6-ft height The post developed drainage area is based upon the assumed ultimate build out of the Eagleview Development with a 60-percent maximum impervious coverage within the Eagleview Development drainage area. A variety of outlet structure modifications were analyzed to determine if changes can be made to improve the volume or peak rate of runoff discharge from the dam. The peak rate of runoff discharge is controlled by the outlet configuration of the dam structure and the upslope storage area. As designed and constructed, the 4foot wide weir governs discharge for the 2-year and 5-year storm event, while the box culvert structure (17 x 10) governs the discharge for the 10-year to the 100year storm events. Decreasing the weir to a 2.5-foot width can reduce the peak rate during the 2-year storm event by approximately 25-percent but it extends
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the duration of the discharge. By decreasing the weir size, the 10-year to the 100year peak rates are increased slightly (1-percent to 3-percent). The stream channel below the dam appears to have capacity for the 2-year storm event so decreasing this peak rate may just extend the duration but serve as minimal benefit to the watershed. The reduction in the weir width may increase the outlet velocity and the extended duration may cause additional streambank erosion. In order to reduce the peak rate discharge from the dam for more than just the 2year storm event, additional upslope storage volume is required. Significant portions of the upslope area of the dam are natural and man-made wetlands which will minimize the potential to create additional storage volume. Also, based upon the fact this is an in-stream detention facility, this is little opportunity to control the volume of runoff at this location. The soil conditions will preclude the ability for the runoff to infiltrate into the ground. In conclusion, it is our opinion that there is minimal opportunity to modify the dam structure or storage area to improve the discharge of the peak rate of runoff or the discharge of the volume of runoff. Recommendation. Upon review of the existing box culvert, it was observed that the 17-ft. wide culvert is a greater width than the existing stream channel. Due to this expansion, the depth of flow through the channel is greatly reduced during normal flow conditions. The normal depth may prohibit the migration of fish through the culvert therefore it is recommended that consideration be given to implement a low flow channel within the culvert.
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Photo 1: Wharton Boulevard Dam Structure. Photo credit -BVA 2010 Restoration Report
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D.
Various Detention Basins. In addition to the above facilities, other potential stormwater management facilities were evaluated and should be considered for potential retrofits to help improve the overall watershed. (1) Eagleview Corporate Center - Pennsylvania Avenue Pennsylvania Avenue at Rice Boulevard. Parcel 33-4-12.6 Owner: Hankin Group. At the north side of Pennsylvania Avenue at the intersection of Rice Boulevard, there is an existing detention basin. This is Basin D of the Eagleview Corporate Park. The basin is an expansive area with a significant drainage area that includes runoff from Upper Uwchlan Township. The roadway embankment (Pennsylvania Avenue) acts as the detention basin berm. Overall the basin was noted to be in good condition with no signs of erosion and other issues. It appears that following the construction of the facility, the basin was left to return to its natural state. Significant tree growth exists within the basin along with a moderate amount of invasive species. Recommendation. Due to the expansive footprint of the basin, there may be a potential to modify the outlet structure of the facility to detain additional runoff during storm events. Based upon observations of the soil conditions, it is not anticipated that this facility can be retrofitted to promote infiltration but that should be determined based upon soil conditions. As noted above, within portions of the detention basin, there is a significant tree growth and some invasive species. Consideration should be given to establish and management plan for the basin bottom to eliminate the invasive species and promote native ground cover that can help filter the stormwater runoff. (2) Eagleview Corporate Center Eagleview Boulevard Dam Eagleview Boulevard Stormwater Management Basin A Lots 57 and 60 Parcels 33-4-12.09 & 33-4-12.09C Owner: Hankin Group
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Located on Lots 57 and 60 of the Eagleview Corporate Park is Stormwater Management Basin A. The basin is a wet pond with an area over 2-acres. Abutting this facility is a corporate office on Lot 57 and a vacant parcel (Lot 60) that is anticipated to be developed in the near future. The stormwater management facility is controlled via a weir located on the end of the 6-foot x 12-foot box culvert under Eagleview Boulevard. An approximate 2-inch x 6-inch wood board was observed across the weir of the dam. It is assumed this board was placed at this location to maintain a higher water level within the pond (for aesthetics). The 2010 BVA Restoration Plan discusses the large geese population at this on-line stormwater management facility and the algal blooms from the nutrient load including the geese and the lawn fertilization. The BVA Restoration Plan recommends a pond buffer to be installed to discourage the geese and retrofit of the outlet structure to allow for the passage of fish and reptiles. At a minimum, it was recommended that the board at the structure be removed during times when migration of fish and reptiles are most prevalent. Recommendations. Stormwater Control. A technical review of the basin storage volume and outlet discharge has not been performed as part of this Watershed Plan. An analysis can be completed to permanently retrofit the existing weir structure to detain additional runoff thereby reducing the peak discharge rate. We concur with the BVA Restoration Plan recommendations to: o Implement a pond buffer o Modify the weir structure to permit the migration of fish and reptiles. With regards to the geese population, there have been numerous methods tried throughout the Northeast to limit or eliminate the geese population problem with varying successes. The best solution would be discussions with the local game protection agency to see what methods have the highest success rate within this area. The recommendation discussed within the BVA report of high grass planting buffers and filter strips is a general first step solution. The property owner and adjoining business operations may have aesthetic concerns regarding this buffer. The current algae problem could be mitigated by aeration of the existing pond but the overall nutrient loading problem resulting from the geese population would not be addressed by aeration. Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 67
Also, removal of the boards or modification of the weir structure may result in a change to the water surface elevation. If the water surface is lowered, it will be necessary to re-establish the existing ground cover in this area. Plant material should be chosen based upon the soil conditions and levels of water inundation.
Photo 1: Eagleview Boulevard Stormwater Management Basin A
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Photo2: Dam outlet weir
Photo 3: Algae bloom on pond
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Image 4: Original Design Plan Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 70
(3)
Development basins (a). Martin Memorial Park (Seasons Development) Within the Martin Memorial Park located in the Seasons Development off of Laurel Moors Drive, there are two (2) large stormwater management basins. As depicted on the original Plan of Subdivision of the Martin Tract, the basins are labeled as Basin No. 1 and Basin No. 2. Basin No. 1 is approximate 56,000 square feet and Basin No. 2 is approximately 46,000 square feet. Basin No. 1 is designed as a wet basin and both basins are in-line with the Unnamed Tributary to the Shamona Creek #2. Basin No. 1 has a significant tree buffer surrounding the basin which provides for shading of the pond and helps mitigate temperature increases within the pond. The basin appears to be functioning properly. There are no signs of stormwater discharge from the emergency spillway. Basin No. 2 is in-line with an intermittent stream / ephemeral channel that collects runoff from the upstream area. Following construction in the late 1980s / early 1990s, this facility appears to have been left to return to the natural state. There is significant vegetation growth within the basin. While no issues were noted within the facility, it appears there may be an opportunity to modify the outlet structure to decrease the routed outflow of the basin. Based upon the observations of the site, it is not anticipated that the basin could be modified to promote infiltration / volume reduction. An analysis of the existing basin conditions and volume can be performed utilizing available GIS data to determine if the structure can be altered to reduce the peak rate. (b). Ridings Subdivision Parcel 33-4-71.95E The Ridings Subdivision is a 95-lot single family residential subdivision located on a 67-acre tract of land off of Woodland Drive. The subdivision was constructed in the early 2000s. Within the subdivision is detention basin #1. The basin has been designed to control the peak rate of runoff from the subdivision improvements including the houses, roadway and sidewalk. The basin has not been
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designed to manage the volume of runoff. The basin is located within the subdivision open space which has been dedicated to Uwchlan Township. The Homeowners Association is responsible for the maintenance of the basin within the open space area. The basin drainage area is approximately fifty (50) acres and discharges to a storm sewer system that conveys the runoff through the Martin Memorial Park. The outlet structure consists of a 24-inch orifice located the basin bottom and a 96-inch weir located approximately 7-feet above the basin bottom. The basin bottom consists of various wetland plant material and some invasive species. There are no signs of excessive amount of water ponding within the basin and no signs of overflow into the weir or through the emergency spillway. A review of an as-built survey for the basin and a comparison of the asbuilt volume verses the design volume was completed. It was determined that the provided basin volume is approximately 16percent larger than the design volume. In addition, the design 100year water surface elevation is approximately 2-feet below the emergency spillway elevation. Recommendation. Based upon the as-built survey volume and the original design plans, this basin may be a candidate for a retrofit. Options include retrofitting this facility to promote groundwater recharge by raising the elevation of the outlet structure and / or modifying the outlet structure to reduce the peak rate of runoff. There appears to be sufficient volume within the basin to detain additional runoff thereby reducing the discharge rate. (c). Shamona Creek Park - Brookwood Subdivision Open Space Parcel #33-03M-2E. Adjacent to the Shamona Creek Park driveway off of Dowlin Forge Road is an approximate 20,500 square foot detention basin that was constructed as part of the Brookwood Subdivision. The subdivision is a 70-lot residential subdivision with approximate 0.50-acre lots. The subdivision plan was approved by the Township in 1977. The basin is located within open space that has been dedicated to Uwchlan Township. The basin controls the runoff from the upslope area which Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 72
includes wooded open space area, lots and portions of the roadway. The outlet structure is corrugate metal pipe which is typical of the construction from the late 1970s and 1980s. Based upon various inspections of this basin during different times of the year, it is our opinion that the basin can be modified to improve the efficiency. It appears that during rain events, very little of the storage volume is utilized. It is recommended the corrugate metal pipe riser be removed and replaced with a modern concrete riser. The orifice controls on the new riser should be adjusted to maximize the storage volume and minimize the outflow from the basin. Ground water recharge maybe feasible at this location but soil testing must be performed. In addition, minor erosion was observed at the inflow area from the rear of Brookwood Drive. This erosion should be stabilized to minimize the sediment load into the watershed. (d). 390 Eagleview Boulevard - Journal Register East, Inc. Parcel 33-4F-360 Located at the rear of 390 Eagleview Boulevard is an existing approximate 32,000 square foot detention facility that was constructed in 2001. The facility was designed and constructed as an above-ground detention facility to manage the peak rate of runoff from the Journal Register building and parking lot. The basin was not designed to control the increase in volume of runoff generated by the improvements, as required by todays standards. The basin facility is a mowed lawn area. Based upon the grades and existing buffer plantings, the facility is only partially visible from Wharton Boulevard. Recommendations This basin is a candidate for conversion to an infiltration basin and / or converting the basin bottom to native meadow grass to improve water quality and promote infiltration of the runoff. (e). The Shops on Eagleview Boulevard - LTK Associates, Inc. Parcel 33-4G-363 At the rear of the Shops at Eagleview Boulevard, there is an existing approximate 24,000 square foot detention basin that was constructed Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 73
in 2000. The facility was designed and constructed as an aboveground detention facility to manage the peak rate of runoff from the shopping center improvements. No volume controls were required at the time of construction. Within the basin, there are two (2) concrete low flow channels constructed to convey runoff from the inflows to the outlet structure. The basin bottom and side slopes are maintained turf grass. Recommendations: Perform soil tests to determine if the basin can be converted to an infiltration facility. There were no signs of standing water. If soils permit, design a system to promote ground water recharge. Options include a stone bed facility or amended soils in the basin bottom. Removal of concrete flow channel and naturalization of the basin bottom. (f). Calvary Chapel 215 Dowlin Forge Road The Calvary Chapel of Chester Springs is an existing 5.2-acre parcel with an approximate 32,000-square foot chapel and parking lot. The site improvements were initially constructed in 2006 including a stormwater management basin with a stone infiltration bed. The facility is a modern basin that was designed to meet the current stormwater management regulations including the volume control and peak rate controls. The stormwater management facility appears to be operating as designed with no issues noted. A relatively inexpensive improvement that can be implemented at this site is naturalization of the basin bottom. The current basin bottom is mowed turf grass. Naturalization of this facility will improve water quality by reducing the pollutant load to the underground facility which will improve the longevity. It does not appear the interior of the basin bottom is utilized for recreation or other purposes by the Chapel so naturalizing it would reduce the overall maintenance costs for the Chapel. The naturalization plan for this facility should incorporate a maintenance schedule (recommended mowing twice a year or as necessary based upon plant material). Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 74
(g).
Windham Subdivision - Dowlin Forge Road / Samuel Drive The Windham Subdivision is a 55-lot residential subdivision built in accordance with the Residential Open Space Option. Lot sizes are a minimum 15,000-square feet and there are 13.8-acres of open space out of 39.5 total acres. This subdivision is a great example of land use planning that can be implemented to protect natural resources and promote open space. The plan was approved in 2000 and construction began in 2001. Stormwater management is controlled within two (2) detention basins. The basins were designed and approved as stormwater management facilities to control the peak rate of discharge with no volume control. The detention basin located on the north end of the subdivision adjacent to Dowlin Forge Road is a prime candidate for a retrofit. The facility is currently a mowed turf lawn and to the best of our knowledge has no ground water issues. It is recommended that soil testing be performed to determine if soil conditions will allow for a ground water recharge. If so, either a stone bed, amended soils or a combination of both could be installed. Based upon the anticipated fertilization of the individual lots, consideration should be given to installation of forebay and / or naturalization of the basin bottom to help remove pollutants from the watershed. The detention basin located on the south side of the site is located directly upslope of wetland areas. The side slopes are mowed turf grass but due to the wet basin bottom conditions, it appears the bottom is not mowed on a weekly basis as the side slopes are. Based upon the wet conditions, this facility is not a candidate for retrofit for volume control. Consideration should be given to installation of a forebay at the basin inflow (to improve water quality) and expansion of the basin bottom naturalization that is currently occurring.
E.
New Stormwater Management Facilities. Within the 4.02-square mile watershed are approximately 180-acres of vacant / developable land and approximately 400-acres of park and open space (refer to Exhibits 2.3B and 2.3C). There may be opportunities for the construction of new stormwater management facilities to control the peak rate of runoff,
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volume of runoff and provide water quality improvements within these open space areas and / or vacant lands. Based upon the review of the Township-owned open space areas, much of this land is constrained with steep slopes, floodplain areas and woodlands. With an approximate population of 18,000 people, the need for active recreation land is extremely important, therefore most of the Township open space that is not constrained land is currently used as recreation parkland. The majority of the remaining areas of open space within the Township are owned by Homeowners Associations. The 180-acres of vacant / developable land are all privately owned. Overall, there are limited opportunities to construct new large scale stormwater management facilities within the watershed unless one of the owners of an existing vacant parcel volunteered to convert the land to a stormwater facility. Based upon the review of the existing conditions of the watershed, there may be opportunities to incorporate smaller facilities such as rain gardens, biofiltration swales and recharge beds within some of the park land and / or open space areas. Rain gardens are relatively inexpensive stormwater management control facilities that can be easily constructed with limited construction equipment. Areas such as the Shamona Creek Park, the smaller Township parks in the Eagleview development, the Township Park adjacent to the Target store on Dowlin Forge Road, and Martin Memorial Park have areas of land that may be sufficient to allow for biofiltration swales or rain gardens. The areas adjacent to parking lots are ideal for these type of facilities as they can improve the quality of runoff generated by the parking lot.
8 Conclusion Shamona Creek is valuable natural resource for the residents of Uwchlan Township and the surrounding communities. Based upon the developed condition of the watershed and the strong property values, living within the watershed boundaries is desirable. Uwchlan Township recognizes that Shamona Creek is a valuable resource and has undertaken the preparation of this Watershed Plan to evaluate the conditions of the watershed and develop a strategy for the shareholders to utilize to improve the water quality and natural hydrologic regime. The conclusion for the evaluation phase of this Watershed Plan is that segments of the Shamona Creek are impaired for benthic macro invertebrate community, habitat Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 76
and phosphorus. The causes of impairments can be generally attributed to the urbanization of the watershed. Based upon the regulations in place at the time of majority of development, 1970s to 2000s, limited stormwater management controls were required. From the establishment of the Pennsylvania Stormwater Management Act 167 of 1978 to the PA DEP NPDES Phase II requirements of 2003, only the peak flow rates were required to be managed. Following the 2003 NPDES Phase II requirements, both runoff volume and peak flow rates were required to be managed. The increase in volume of runoff has altered the watersheds natural hydrologic regime causing impacts to the stream channels and banks. Throughout the urbanization process from the 1970s to the current time, the Township and shareholders (developers and property owners) have been able to protect significant natural resources within the watershed. A considerable portion of the Shamona Creek and its tributaries are located within Township or Homeowners Association Open Space and have sizable buffers with no development. Along the 3.87-miles of the Shamona Creek main stem, approximately 2.4-miles have undisturbed wooded stream buffers that exceed 100-foot in width. Minimal development has occurred on the steep slope areas of the lower reaches of the stream corridor and there has been minimal development within the floodplains. Currently, there are approximately 400-acres of park and open space located within the watershed. The second part of this Watershed Plan was to develop a strategy to improve the water quality and the natural hydrologic regime. Within this Plan, a series of recommendations have been made that can be implemented by the shareholders to make a significant improvement to the overall watershed. The improvements include land use planning, stormwater management planning, public education and outreach and stormwater management facility improvements, including streambank stabilization projects and basin retrofits. Individually, if implemented these recommendations may not create noticeable improvements within the watershed but as the shareholders are able to implement numerous of the recommendations, it is believed Shamona Creek can be improved to attain the designated high quality use. There are significant challenges ahead to implement these recommended improvements. The largest challenge is funding. The costs of many of the improvements are significant. Another significant challenge is that many of the recommended improvements are located on private property. Uwchlan Township will need to be the responsible entity to implement the regulatory recommendations including some of the land use and stormwater management planning. The facility Shamona Creek Watershed Plan Page 77
improvements will need to involve private land owners, local watershed groups such as the Brandywine Valley Association and other interested shareholders. Recommendations for funding sources include grant monies from local, county, state and federal sources, and local fundraising activities. The Township should also evaluate the ability to create a Municipal Authority to oversee stormwater management activities. This Municipal Authority may have the ability to assess stormwater management fees which can be used to improve the watershed. In conclusion, the Shamona Creek and its watershed is a valuable resource that is worth protecting and improving. If the shareholders of the watershed work together, the goals and objectives defined in this Watershed Plan can be achieved.
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Exhibit 2.0 Overall Watershed Plan

A J
M E K C
H A
I P Q
PINE CREEK
OVERALL WATERSHED LEGEND
R
LIONVILLE RUN
G N
D
SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM COLEBROOK RUN
LEGEND A. SHAMONA CREEK HEADWATERS B. SHAMONA CREEK CONFLUENCE WITH EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK C. EAGLEVIEW WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT D. GREENBRIAR OPEN SPACE E. EAGLEVIEW LOTS 59 AND 60 F. SHAMONA CREEK PARK G. MARTIN MEMORIAL PARK H. HAPPY DAYS FARM NELSON REALTY TRUST I. SHEREE BOULEVARD / ROUTE 100 POTTSTOWN PIKE RAMP J. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE / ROUTE 100 POTTSTOWN PIKE INTERCHANGE K. WHARTON BOULEVARD DAM L. EAGLEVIEW CORPORATE CENTER - PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE M. EAGLEVIEW CORPORATE CENTER EAGLEVIEW BOULEVARD DAM N. RIDINGS SUBDIVISION O. 390 EAGLEVIEW BOULEVARD - JOURNAL REGISTER EAST, INC. P. THE SHOPS ON EAGLEVIEW BOULEVARD Q. CALVARY CHAPEL 215 DOWLIN FORGE ROAD R. WINDHAM SUBDIVISION

Shamona Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed Study and Improvement Recommendations, 2013. by Gannett Fleming, Inc. and E.B. Walsh & Associates, Inc.

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Shamona Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed Study and Improvement Recommendations, 2013. by Gannett Fleming, Inc. and E.B. Walsh & Associates, Inc.

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Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

December 31, 2012

Prepared for: Uwchlan Township 715 N. Ship Road Exton, PA

Prepared by: Gannett Fleming, Inc. E. B. Walsh & Associates, Inc.

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Existing Conditions Inventory ....................................................................................17

Watershed Studies ...................................................................................................... 22

Municipal Regulations ............................................................................................... 26

Watershed Improvement Goals and Issues ............................................................... 29

6.3.1 6.3.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

C. Shamona Creek Park ........................................................................................ 49

7.4.2 A. B. 7.4.3 A. B. D. (1) (2) (3)

C. Wharton Boulevard Dam ................................................................................. 63

(a). (c). (e). (f). (g). E. 8

New Stormwater Management Facilities. .................................................... 75

Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 76 Page 4

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

3.25-inches 4.75-inches 5.73-inches 6.55-inches 7.43-inches

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Exhibit 2.3A Existing Land Use Plan

UNT EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

SHAMONA CREEK - MAIN STEM

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #1

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #2

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

Exhibit 2.3B Vacant / Developable Land Inventory Plan

UNT EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

SHAMONA CREEK - MAIN STEM

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #1

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #2

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

Exhibit 2.3C Open Space Inventory Plan

UNT EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

SHAMONA CREEK - MAIN STEM

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

OPEN SPACE INVENTORY LEGEND

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #1

UNT SHAMONA CREEK #2

SHAMONA CREEK MAIN STEM

EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Exhibit 2.6A FEMA FIRM MAP 145

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Exhibit 2.6B FEMA FIRM MAP 150

Kingston Lane Cul-de-sac Gramercy Lane Regency Drive Turnpike Ramp

Unnamed Tributary - Pennypacker Road 9 Pennypacker Road

42" CMP conc. endwalls

72" CMP conc. endwalls

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Shamona Creek Watershed Plan

Exhibit 3.1 Stream Encroachment Inventory Plan

UNT EAST BRANCH BRANDYWINE CREEK

SHAMONA CREEK - MAIN STEM