lllpnouava.,rHo craBsHrzre npaB-sr orrrrrr4 Aa nr{urar 'c vepru r.

r pe3Ku', a ro-KT,cHo 3a ra3l4 Ile,rr rr3noJr3Bar fpr,IIKI4 I4 JIarrIHcKrr 6yrnu, KaKro ce 3Hae or 9epuopr'r:eq Xpa6:sp. B nepno4a 7-9 seK c.rraB-{Hlrre xl{Betr ua Ea-rrancKrz-s flonyocrpoB cbBMecrHo c

(npa)6rnrapure (u nol BJracrra un), AoKaro rrocJreAHr4re rrocrerreHHo 6unat acu*rr4nvpaHkr r{ 3arroqBar Aa roBoprr Ha craB.f,HcKu. Eurapure r4ABar or Azus.u ro oHoBa BpeMe toBoprr Hec.[aBsHcKr.r e3rrK (Hafi-nepoaruo rropKcKr4), Karo rrlrurar o(praqua.,rur.me cu AoKyMeHTr4 Ha rpbrlKrr, c rpr,rlKrr 6yrnra (u:uo:r:eafirr4 14 Hepa3rxn$ponanu pyHuqecKr{ 3Haurr B cr,nloro eperre). Ll 1rsrapure cperuanu rpyAHocrr4 rrpr.r nr.rcaHero Ha orAe.rrHr4 3ByKoBe c rpbuKrr 6yrwr, HanprrMep [.r] u [N] ce nr4rrreJrr.r c rpbrlKr4re r( u C. Apa6uHrr I46u Qagrar rrr{tue npe3 10 eer, ve pycKrrre crraBflHrr cJraraJrr{ erpxy rpo6osere crbr6oBe c r4MeHara Ha Mbpr6Brlr4Te. He e .scHo o6aqe xaKsa rrr4cMeHocr 6ula rr3no.lr3BaHa 3a uenra. Ar<o naucruHa e BspHo, rarcro clrxra !.
r{eruMeANues,
nhcMNA

are nacaxbr c raKa

HapeqeHnTe

loTruKA

'pynrru 6yKnlr', crroMeHarr4 v llpocmpauHo )rcumue H(7 Rupu, (rouro rofi yN Bprqfln B Xepcou npes 860 r. no BpeMe Ha
rrbTyBaHeTo cH KT,M xa3apr{Te r{ Kot4To ce cM_flTaT oT HrKor{ pycKrr

yr{eHu 3a oprrfrrHrnHo rurcMo Ha pycKr{Te clan*ru), e 6ut BMbKHar B ra3rr rrop6a He rro-paHo or 12 eeK (roraro pycr4re Beqe rro3HaBaJrn ruptt:rnqara), crana 6e:cl,rucren 14 B:bnpocr,T 3a Haur{ouanHrr{ xapaKTep Ha B:brrpocHr4re 6yrnu. B npax Ha 9 eeK cJraBrHrzTe e Moparrza, llauouu.s u Eurapnx 3aroqBar Aa nrrrxar c HoBocr,3Aa4enara or Cseru Kzpun opr{rrrHurHa a:6yra,
HapeqeHa rJraroJrr4ua.
nocrerreHHo n3MecreHa cpeA cnaB.rrur{Te or Apyrrr as6yru u caMo xbpBarr4Te .rr r{3rroJr3BaT oll_le H-trKoJrKo BeKa, HapeA c naTr,rHr.rrlaTa v Kuprrnvr\uta. Tara uapeveHara Kupurrcrca as6yrca (ro4neN4arqo na^rnanue) Bb3HrrKBa no BpeMero ua llrpeara 6urapcra A:bpxaBa, Kr,M Haqaroro na 10 BeK r4 Ir3MecrBa oSuquarnara enaeonuqa, cb3AaAeHa or KoHcraurun-Kuprzn r4 y3aKoHeHa or BJraAereJr{ Eopuc n rpax sa 9-ru ner. llpouxHara ce I{3BbprxBa rIpI4

06aqe i:raroluuara 6lrea

94

Eopuconrar crrH' rlap Curr.reon I, rofrro e cr{JrHo rroBJrr.rsH or rpbrlKara Kynrypa. C:reg lepltoA Ha napanenHa ynorpe6a na rraroJrrrqecKara Lr Knpancrara a:6yxn upe: 1 0- 1 1 ser s Brmapu-a (nonxrora r{ B cMeceHrr reKcroBe), or 11 seK Aocera loc:]e,qHara ce flBflBa o$uquarna 6r,lrapcra, pycKa r4 yKparrHcKa u6yrca (Aoraro Apyrr4Te cJraBtHcKIr HapoAr4 rrpe3 rl.rrnoro BpeMe r4nr{ lepr4oAuqHo r43noJr3Bar larunuqara).
E. HA3BAHtrIETO HA A3BYKATA
IIpeAIIOIOxteHLIe llaner IIIaSapur), qe nbpBoHaqa,tHo fJlafoJrl4uaTa ce e Hapwrana Kr4pr4nr4rla r4 noc.lre, cneA Karo Beqe He 6ura e yuorpe6a, r4Mero ce npexBT,pnrlno BT,pxy HoBon3o6pereHara rro-KbcHo az6yrca, AHec r43BecrHa Karo Krrpun[ua. llpe4uo:roxeHrrero ce 6azupa na 6elexra Ha pycKr{{

Z:ra:naHo

(ot

KHr{xoBHrrK Vurap Jlnxu or 1047 r., nofiro or6er{3Ba, qe e rrpenr4can eAHa KHrrra l1c rcyfh^oq't. Ho 3a LIsau No6pen
3HaqeHl4ero Ha ra3v Spa:a e 'ot oprarraua,ta', a He 'or xnpr.ulrqa'. Maxap qe nr,pBoHaqulrrHoro o6scueHue e HeBrpHo, To ce noAKpen-rr MHo3r4Ha pycKr4 yrreHu. Karo uocneArrrla roBa, Aail<e cr,BpeMeHHr4 3ana4ar4 aBroprr (Hanpunaep llleuxep) qrrrrrpar

or

or

rorperxHo Lrspa3a (r,

c:bBpeMeHHr4-rrr repMr4H

KoTIH^oBH4.B).

Or ,4pyra crpaHa,

onuqa (o6o:ua.ranarq opr.rtr4Ht,rHara c.[aB-flHcKa as6yxa) Br,3HIrKBa e Xlpnarraa, Kb.qero AyMara 3a 'KHuxoBHHK' 6nla znazoraut (ot rAAtoAATll 'toropx',
zn az

AnoAa 'Ayrua'), Ho caMara a:6yrca ce HapurrzLra 6yrceut1a.

6tmapcr<oro Br:pax.qaHe cpeAHoBeKoBHara Kr.rpr4ncKa a:6yra ce Ha3oBaBa creaeHcKu npolonuc, 14 rro-Kbcuo or Pycur ce Bb3npr{eMa repMr4Ha KuptutcKa a66yxa, HapeA c npocroro, Ho B-rrpHo Ha3Bauue 6uneapcrca as6yxa. llo c:srulr-s HaqrrH e Vrpaiiua a:6yrara ce Hapwra yKpauHcKq a6emrca, MaKap qe npe3 pa3nr4qHu repnoAll r.f, e 6nta Ha3oBaBaHa crropeA HMeHara Ha pa3n[qHu rrpaBonr{cHH peQoplraropu (nN. ro-uararur). Klrpurcrrzar
95

llpe:

BapIraHT, I43IOJI3BaH B EocHa u XbpBaru-f,, ce HApIdqa oocctHuul4cl vnv apqamuqa. tr4 B Apyru cnaBqHcKI4 crpaHlr r4Mero na a:6vrara no rrABa or r4Mero Ha onpe,{eneHa rrzlrHocr: tyKosuqq e Crp6nx r.rMero Ha Byr< Kapa4Nuv, mapau.Resuqa n Ee:ropycux (no I4Mero ua E. Tapaureeuu).

B. Cb3AATEJTflT HA KI4PIIJII{IIATA HEr{HOTO Cb3AABAHE

II

BPEMETO HA

r43BecrHlr rIpoMeHIr n a:6yrara, Ko-gro HeroBlr.f,T yquren (KoHcrauruu-Krzpun) c:b3Aur. 3arosa e no-Bepo.rrrHo crroMeHarrrre IrpoMeHH Aa ca ce oTHacsru K:bM rJraf oJrr.ruara, KosTo, cnopeA r{epnopv:eq Xpa6rp, oule ce AoonpaBsna B Kpas ua9 u Haqalroro na 10 eer. Ocseu roBa e Sam, ue e loro:anaAna Eurapux (Mar<e4oHux) r:raroruqara npeo6:raAaBa HaA Kr4pr4nr4qara no oHoBa BpeMe. Brnperu rona, IIIa$apr{K e Ha MHeHrre, qe Bropara cJIaB-[HcKa as6yr<a, cefa I{3BecrHa Karo KrrpulTvr\a, e cr,3AaAAeHa or Cnerz K:rulreur. Cuopeg lo6per He e Bepo{rHo u KoHcraHruH llpecnaecrrz Aa e cb3Aaren Ha Klrpunuuara, rloHell{e B HeroBara As6yuua Monumae (893 r.) aKpocrlrxbr e I43rpaAeH cnopeA peAa Ha rJraroJrrrqecKr4Te 6yxnu, a He Ha KI4plIIcKI4Te. Tosa clrqo rIoKa3Ba, rre Kup[ncKara az5yxa e cb3AaAeHa cneA Ta3Ir lo.4lrHa. 3aroea, MaKap qe H{Korr yrreHn (Eurzn feoprzen) cqlrrar
96

HrrKaKBrr AoKa3arencrBa. lltpaoro rBrbpAeHrre He e MHoro cepr4o3Ho, a r.r Apyrr4re rBe He ce noAKpertxr or rparrure (no Br,npoca Bxt. crarrrrra HaI4saH lo6pen n Krapu:ro-MeroArzeBcKara eHqur:rone4u.a). B Kpamrco Jrcumue ua Kqu 4eum Oxpudcrcu, H3BecrHo lr Karo Oxpudcrca neeeuda (roero, cuopeA Krapra:r Mlrpvee c:bA:bpxa peArrua HeBepHrr $arru), ce crroMeHaBa, ve K,rraueHr HalpaBr4n

Hxua curypHr AaHHr4 3a roBa rofi lr rora e cr,3.qan KriprrncKara az6yxa, MaKap qe H-rrKoI4 yqeHu cM-srar 3a HeriH c:b3AareJr caMufl. Koncranrun-Knpur (xaro 4ouycrar rofi Aa e cb3Aur He eAHa, a 4ae a:6yxu) rrJrr{ HeroBr4re yqeHr.ruu Klulreur Oxpra4cnu r.rnu Koucraurnu llpeclaecru. 3a re3rr rBbp.{eHrrr o6a.{e HrMa

cs3AaAeHa Aax{e IIpeAH fJrafonr4uaTa, HrMa 3aua3eHr4 nr4cMeHrr AaH]ts'LI 3a TOBa. Herqo uoneue, v llpocmpauuo Jrcumue ua Kupun rlrrre, r{e Koraro er4:aHrraficrc[tr I4Mneparop rroMoJrr4Jr Koucrauruu OunocoQ (Cneru Kupran) [a cr3tra4e cJraBrHcKara a:6yra (r:raronuqara), rrMrreparop:br Ka3aJr Ha $unocoSa, qe npeArlrxHr4re ABaMa rzMneparoprr He ycneJrrr Aa ce

KrrpunuuaTa

3a

cnpaB_sT c Ta3r4 3aAaqa.

EPOI{, HA3BAHAfl I4 IIOAPEABA HA TIbPBIITE KI{PIIJICKIITE EYKBI4

Klrpurcrure 6yxerz uuar vMeHa (ct rqure Karo r.rrafoJrrruecrure), Ho .qBere az6yxu ce pa3nuqaBar B HqKor4 orHorxeHr4r, rroHexe nbpBara e B:b3rrpr4eJra qu$ponlrre croiinocur Ha rptrlKara a:6yra.
3a crxalenne B:brrpocbr za uz6opa Ha r4MeHara Ha cJraBrHcKraTe 6yreu He e pelreH. lllpnara 6yrea ce Hapv-ta a46, Koero 3Har{u
'a^:' (no Moxe Aa vMav Apyta MornBaur4s Ha roBa Har4MeHoBaHue - BX. rro-Hararrx). H.{Kora apyru 6yxnu 6yrea.,rHo osHaqaBar 'xopa' (rrcp,Hre), '4o6po' (4osgo), 'r<ar' (rcarc0), 'IyMa' (croeo) u r. n.

I.

Cupelreuurzre Ha3BaHr4{ Ha Kr4pr4ncKure 6yrnr.r ca onpocreHr{. Hanprauep, 6yrnure B pycKara a:6yra ce nporr3Hac-rrr no cneAHrr{ HalrrrH: fal, l6el, leel, lzel, ldnl ... ll:speonauanHo Krzpr4ncKara as6yra ce cbcror4 or 43 6yrnu (cnopeg Krzpu:r MHpver). 24 or rr.x ca no Mo.4en ua 6yrenre or

rptqKara

az6yrca,

Karo ce Ao6assr 6yrnu 3a

tll,4.9, U.6. h,.8,
10,

ocrauLrrr4Te

cJIaBtHCKI,t 3ByKOBe: E, )K,

A,6, S H np.

L[ecr or 3Harlrrre
0 n 0eo4oga).

ce v3rro.]r3BaJrrr caMo B rpr,uKrr ,4yvru (nanpunrep

97

Ta6.ruua c roBeqero or cpelHoBexoBHr.rre Kxpr.rncKn 3Haux (Kyrillisch). B ntpBr.rre rpa KonoHKrr ca rptrlKure 6yxnu o6pasuu. Ko:ronru 5-6 ctg:npxar 6yxenre Ha KrrprrJrcKr{r rpaxAaHcKr.r lrrpu$r na ller:sp Beluxrz (Grazhdanka Bir{. lo-Hararbx). B nocle4nara KoroHKa ca op]traHarlHrr'te Ha3BaHLrtr Ha cpe,qHoBeKoBH[Te Kapr.rncKr.r 6yneu (tr4:rouuun: Trunte 200 I ).

6yKBr.rre rrMar Bapr,raHTrr: 3a HocoBoro [g] ce u3rlon3BaJrr{ 3HaurrTe A, A, a,' KaTo loprr B eAI{H II cbrrl p:F,KOIIIIC,

Hsrorz

or

nucaH oT HrKoJrKo qoBeKa, MofaT Aa ce II3[on3BaT pa3nr4qHl BaprraHTrr Ha eAHa 6ynna. B HsKou pT,Kor[rcr4 n:bK He ce rr3rroJl3Bar BcrIqKrI 6yrru (npuuepHo, B Euuucxun anocmoJt, uMa caMo a, 6e3
Aa ce

yrorpe6xea s). 3eyru [o] ce nnlre c pa3nrrrHa 6yrcna (0, w) c[opel [o3r{ur4qra cr{ B AyMaTa. Hqxo[ 6yrnu uorar Aa ce rrr{rrraT r4 o6parHo (e - e, s - ? Lr r. n.). lio nprrHunl B tr43ro.{Ha Ernrapun

npaBonrrcT,T 6u:r no-uopunpaH.

98

a6eqedapu, cr,AT,pxaqu 6yrnzre or a36yKara. B rxx, KaKTo B aKpocrr4xoBlrre reop6z, ce noKa3BapeAT,T Ha 6yxeure (raro c:nrqo ce ua6:to4aear H-sKou pa:nruux). Koucraurnu Kocrene.rKr.r, r<oiiro xr4Bee npe3 14-15 eex, crara 6yrnara s rr ocraHaJrr{re Herpbrlrn 6yr<eu B Kpa.rr

3ana:enu

ca HsKolKo ra6rrut1u, HapeqeHr4

na a:6ynara, 3a Ia rroKaxe yBar(eHrrero cr{ KbM rpr,rlrrrt

oprrfr{Han.

'q'K : E. la F: tr.'>R i v,l 2t.H r: 5:.Tc'rr: Ig1l: .ryl-'r1'7!c,.: '

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: at, . E, : V :. Q,g : p-,'r&, lr.''41 S i h db'q,*:.{J ui ;oia . of -'^i'S' "", in'. *'#tfo: #;Ji q..' Brn; 3 i,v w:*v 78 : Bi.

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(rope)
vr

Mrouxeucxunm a6eqedapuil, xofro cr,4tpx{a Kr.rpnJrcKara rrrarorrr{qecKara (ao:ry) a:6yrlr (Zsrovnur: Hamm 1 974).

tr. MOAEJTT,T 3A A3EyKATA

Cavara a:6yra ue
rorcKara (t\

(u:rouuur 3a

lb lr l>

HarrbJrHo HoBo lr:o6pereurae. Karo 1e...) u ronrcrcna (alfi/sl}Je...) a:6yrra

rroKa3aHr{re

urprz$roee

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u:o6pereuara cneA 893 r. r<upu:rcxa as6yrca e pa3rxrrpeHa rpbuKa ycTaBHa nucMeHa cr.rcTeMa, a He opr4rr{HurHa as6yra raro uaro,ruqara. B He-rr r4Ma trpeAnonafaeMl{ 3auMcrBaHI{.{ 3a Jrr{rrcBaqr4re B rpr,uKara a:6yxa 6yrnu.

99

r _ ^,1,^/.j,,(rr/..,"./n.r g- --- i14r{Hl(.ro}t'i c.b.!-} r.)r( r i rrr,)rd..-)i/.,/i).,tp'i'6"',a,.r, a'tion,n:tJ i t.t ( . ii tbt ,.r.. ,. /r ! t ib .' ttc,r, .-9T): fll).)4/ )N ) xtt,r I'L -rrJ Hct't 5-6 "*'At 6: vSrq 3c[!.tH.1-t.j g- , -!uJl1 4tZoE;,rrr, , -H- ' tt:u )t! tl ra ; o l6jt vl7zi 1r !" 4?a:)jil t0l.t ,ita\ : lt.c,r7tta,il,i't-tcLnH,ri./u, ,7 oc4I|hZf B1r'ttklf !,ti-,AI.L:,/!])t1::t i.,1 u^ ,ZlT \h ita:Ai1dr/ -: MO W't: HDr: 16l J)n ll it. "- :.r, Ltr.t)qtt ttitc: :- - - x fijFj ): u,ii,tH q, s I o D gL tt,1t a tL.F 0 a ll ._.:li,6 r, o, ,*r,n,oru r,,,l ...!Ll -" rv rf 't4 tp o tj.&e r bz iat1,t.r,,,,." I i,. r ;4 p.,1. j, ).r r$ tn6Agr E.p,tt: hm oL.r.a,qrLt,att;1nt),s rN iu oM dr., ) j h.A 6lpov& A lT6 L(:D t)t (, uL. t,._t <! i L E.n, 6 4yl)rjoN 9 m6 A':;tOrt R.6 tb o.nnn.at,,7a r7: ,/t. t:j t1 a, )* )tnbtr,n, >.rz /'.'6 . L LH t 646(6Ae N il tr i tly) F Lir A-.+( oD;tv btl ,V jX rl m H<t id {4a +|.2 8..1c rrt t<orr !) N),A,-:D_t-{t,,. 4 v jt(A ttr,/lrrr ; -" - .' ,r- A/)t<r-,t ,r J tt,t n,a, tt,t,::; o;r:,;:"'i; F nA!t, n tt;c,1t-t
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r:bpBoHaqaJrHo

3aeTa oT caMaplrTaHcKaTa

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3aeurlr or JrarrrHcKara as6vKa:

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llrpnoHava:tro
tr4nas .{o6pen

npelnonara, ue 6yxnara x e 3aera

rro-K:bcno rofi r.r3Ka3Ba rrpeArronoxeH[e, qe Mox{e .4a r4Ma BJILtfl}lI.de Ha naTrrHcKoTo )r|, 3auoro e fla.,rnraqux ro ce rr3rroJl3Ba Karo x( B naruHcKlr :na1frrrcu'
xewa

or rJraroJrrrrlara (or ao), Ho

(:
xela), xivol

(:

xusora). Bt e @pausuHeeHcKume rucmole

(clanaucr<u reKcr

or 10-ll eer, rucaH c JrarrrHcKu 6yrnu), s ce

o6o:uaqasa c i. OcseH roea lo6peB cMqra, qe MepoBuHfcKara 6yrna :a rJraBHo A (A) e B3era Karo MoAeJr 3a ffi.
3aelrxlr or rorcKara a:6yxa (?):

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Ta:u xlruore3a ce noAA:bpxa or Poces Mu:res. forcrara a:6yra, cb3AaAeHa or errr4cKorr Byn$una (3 11-383 r. or H. e.), c:srqo Ha Teprrropr4-rrra Ha AHerxHa Cenepua E:s,rraplrx, no4o6uo Ha KolrrcKara, ce 6azupa Ha rp:bllKara [IrcMeHa cl{creMa, c AoIrbJrHrITerHr4 6yxeu, 3aerr4 or .llarr4HcKara a:6yra v pyHuqecKr4Te 3Harlu. Clrqecreyna Br43yrnHa rrpunnra Me)KAy rp:buKr4Te r.r rorcKr,rre 6yrelr. I,1 rorcr<oro, u 6rmapcKoro e c:borBercrBar no qlr$pona croiluocr na qllSpara 90 (r<axro ce crroMeHa, craprrre a:6yxu o6ogHa-raear qu@pure c 6yrera). lloAo6nu ca 14 uMeHara Ha HqKolr torcKr{ r{.craB-rrHcKr4 6vKsu

101

c.lraB{HcKoro A4a nprlnuqa Ha rorcKoro

aza 'Bor', 4oraro

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s)

ra xuraficKr{re 3Hauu:

mi

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'rraH[Ha', yx{ npeHeceHr Ha Balxauure or crapllTe 6:s:rrapu (Cnaeu !onven); Lrrrr4 cr.,c crapara rparo-6anraHcKa rurcMeHa

Kanesen Ha,qnuc or llpeclae u MoHera Ha 6rlrapcrtrx qap I4nan-Aceu (tr4:ro.ruux : XagNuee, Kapa4lrlavrpona, Menalae4 20 1 0 ).

II

KI{PI4JICKI{ TIPABOIIUC I4 PA3TIPO C TPAHEHI4E HA KI4PI4JIC KI4TE EyKBI4 B PYCVI9, CT'PBllfl, BOCHA, XbPBATI4fl, AA J'IMAIILT.fl I4 pyMb Hrlfl (B JIIA XI'I' tt M O JIA O B A) Or Eurapu-a crapo6rnrapcKr4rr KHr4)noBeH
e3r,rK r.r Kr4pr.rncKara

2. IIPOMEHI4 B EbJIfAPCKI4fl

a:6yxa ce npeHac.f,T n Pycux (r:raronraqara cr,rrlo ce npeHac.f, TaM r4 ce I43froJr3Ba rcaro rafinonrzc) z cpr,6cKrrre' KHrx{ecrBa, K:bAero npe3 11-12 seK ce parl<Aar crapopycKara r4 crapocpr6crara nr4Teparyprr. Kuplulrqara ce r{3rroJr3Ba H B 3eMr4Te Ha AHerxHa
102

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113

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E.qnn or Irr,pBlrre, Kolrro I{3rIoJI3Bar Kr{prrnuuaTa B KHr.roreqaraHero e O. Cr<opuHa. llpes 1517 r. rofi orKpr4Ba
tlelrarHr{rla n llpara r{ orrrerrarBa nr.pBara cI{ KHI4ra, Ilcaamup, ua cMecr4ua or rIbpKoBHocJIaB-f,HcKI4 u 6e:ropycxu. CreA 1560 r. 3alor{Ba pa6ora rl HeceuxKara KrIpI4ncKa rleqarHl{ua, ocHoBaHa or Cuuon Byauu. Kyreffucr<ara KHrroneqarHr{rla, ocHoBaHa rrpe3 1630 r. or Cnupr.{Aon Co6or (xoiro BeporrHo e yrpauHeq) 6lu:o Ao Opixa, craBa ueHTbp Ha 6enopycKoro KHr4roler{araHe. ClnpelreHnara 6e:ropycxa Kr{puncKa a36yKa e cb3AaAeHa B Kpat Ha 19 ser r4 cbllecrByBa B HtKoJIKo BapIraHTa, Korlro ce

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B.

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115

B nepuo4a 12-17 seK YrpaiiHa nocneAoBareJrHo e rroA BJracrra Ha MoHfoJrrrre, flolcxo-Jrr{ToBcKoro Kpt,'rcrBo Lr HaKpafl - Ha KBaIIHTe na Eor4an Xnre:rHIzqxu, AoKaro craBa rracr or Pycroro rlaprBo upe: 17 eer. H-sromo KHrrlr(oBHrrrlu pa6orrr rau npe: 1617 seK. Jlanpeurufi 3uzayuiz, yKparrHcKr{ rz 6elopycrn yqeH, ny6mryea u:bpKoBHocnaB.f,HcKa rpaMarrrxa npe: 1596 r. BT,B

Braru*oc,

llursa. Ctrqoro npaBrr npe3 1619 r. Meleurfi

Clrorpuqr<ra, Apyr yKpar.rucro-6e:ropycKr4 Jrr4HrBr4cr. Herosara c.[aBsHcKa tpaMaTI{Ka oKa3Ba 3Haqr4Te.[HO B.]IlL{Hrre Bbpxy I43noJr3BaHero Ha rlbpKoBHocnaB{HcKrr.f, u ro4u$raqupa yrorpe6ara ua 6yxnure fl,8 w f. lpyro rorsMo r4Me e Kr.reBcrr{rr r{ BcepycKr4 Merpononnr ller"rp (crc caercro r.rnre llerpo Moru,ra), rofiro e poAeH n 6olxpcxo ceueficrno n Mol4ona. Cnea 1620 r Morula orr4Ba n Vxpafiua v ce ycraHoBsBa s KuescKollevopcxara naBpa B Kues - rroJrrrrr{rrecKr{r r.r KynrypeH ueHTbp Ha Yr<pafina. llpes 1632 r. Moru:ra craBa KrreBcKH errr4cKorr rr trryMeH ua lleuopcxura naBpa. Tau rofi ocHoBaBa yr{unr.tue ga Mna1u MoHacu, KbAero npelolaBaHero ce H3BbprxBa Ha laruucru. lloKT,cHo, CleA o6eALrHeHI4eTO Ha TOBa yrrrrnl4llle C KII eBCKoTo 6parcro yqr4nr4rrle ce c:b3,{aBa Kraeno-MorurJuHcKara aKaAeMr.rr. Morrua 3HaqrrreJrHo yc:bBT,prxeHcrBa rrer{arHrrrlara B lIanpara, KT,AeTO Ce IelIaTaT npaBOCnaBHr4 KHI4tr.r Ha JIaTHHCKI4, 14 B rrpoAT,nxeHr{e Ha roBeqe or 20 roAuHr4 r4fpae BoAeqa ponr B yKpaI{HcKaTa KHrrf oner{aTaHe, KaTo e rr eAHH oT IIbpBrrTe, KOHTO rreqarar Ha yKpar4HcKr4. Morulra ce crpeMr.r Aa 3arra3r{

Ha yKpaIlHCKaTa HAIJI4[! nOAnOlKeHa Ha cHJIeH Harr4cK or noJrcKr4.f, v pycKnr. pexrrMr4. Tofr e r4Hr{ur{arop 3a ly6,ruxyrauero Ha cBerc Krr nporroBeAr4 Ha y Kpar4HcK u, 6u6 rrefr,ct<u II6pKOBHOCIaB'HCKH TeKCTOBe U HAyTIHI4 KHI{fI4 Ha yKpaI4HCKr4, rroJrcKz, rpbuKr4 rr Jrarr{HcKrr. EAna or nafi-aaxHure My ny6nuraqrau e Ramexusucum (1640 r.). {pyra sa6eruxurerHa raop6a e Tpe1uurc (1646 r.). I4rra gauuu, qe rofi nbpBr{ r{3noJr3Ba 6yrnlrre Ha rpaxAaHcru.a upu$r, Kor{To 'rro-K:bcHo ller:np I B:sBelKAa n Pycrara vMtreplrfl. npe: 1708 r.
UIeHTI4TIHOCTTa

116

Ocneu BbBexAaHero Ha lpaxAaucr<zx rupu$r or ller"rp Be,rzr<r.r, n Vxpafiua ce r43BbpruBar pa3nuqHu Apyrr4 pe$opulr Ha rrr4cMeHocrra. llerponara pe$opnaa [oBrr{sBa cr,3laBaHero Ha MaKcuMotLuKamq Ha Muxafi.no MarcuNrosuv n faluqrzx npe: 19 BeK, KaKTo u uefrr'ata flo-KbcHa aJITepHarI4Ba - neHKeruqezKeme, KOTTO Oqe Ce IIOJI3Ba C JIeKI4 II3MeHeHLL{ OT pyCLIHI{Te B 3anapnaruero. H.rKonKo apyru pe$opMrz ce orr{rBar Aa BbBeAar $oneuuuen yKpar.rHcKrr npaBonr{c npe: 19 eer<, no4o6uo na cpr6crara Klrpr4nr{rla Ha Byx Kapa4Nuv. Tyn ce orHacqr

Ha Onexcuft lauoncru, KynuuterKama Ha llaure:refrlron Kylzur, dpazouauoercama, npeAno)xeHa or Muxafi:ro lparouauon. B lururlux MecrHoro y[paBneHr4e, AoMrrHr{paHo or rtorsrlure, ce orrr4TBa Aa BKapa e ynorpe6a
rpaMarr{Kara
JrarrrHcKara az6yxa, Koero AoBe)KAa Ao oxecroqeHara Boilua ua

as6yrcume, Korro npaBr{ o6rqecrneH Bbnpoc or npo6leua. llpe4nouureHr{e ce or.{aBa Ha Kr4pr{nr{qara, Ho KoHcepBarr.rBHr4Te yKparrHcKr4 cpe4n (npuBbpxeHurlrrre Ha 3anaAHopycKr{r rnr4 pyreHcKr4 KHr{xoBeH e3uK r{ pyco(|rlnure) npo4l:rNaBar Aa ce npoTr,rBonocTaB_rrT Ha TH.{OHIII4I4TC 3a BbBeXAaHe Ha iIIIICT

yKpar4HcKr4 flpaBorrr{c. llpes 1876 Elrcr<rsr yxa: :a6pau.aaa KyJtuluecKama HaJrata pycKrr npaBorrlrc, HapeqeH npucrcrca (or

r.

rrMero ua 6yrnara at), ao 1905 r. )Kenexuexama ua Xerexuncxu, Ko-f,ro craHAaprLr3vpa 6yxnure i u f, crana o$uqzanna B aBcrpoyHrapcKa fa,rraqzr npe: 1893 r,r ce Bb3npr{eMa B MHoro u3roqHoyKpar4HcKn ny6ruxaryuu c:reA 1917 r.

r.

T. IIOJIIIIA }I JII4TBA

Kpalcrno llolrua, HeoSuqnaluo Hapr4qaHo llo:rcro uapcrBo r.uu Pycra llo:rrua, ce c63AaBa npes 1815 r. of BraeHcxlrs KoHrpec. To e o6eAnHeHrre MexAy pycKara qacr Ha flolura ra Pycrara
r{Mneprrr rr npe3 19 geK rrocrerreHHo ce rrHTerprrpa noJrr4TrrqecKr4
B

lll

r. craea ueiiua o$nquanna qacr. HaftHaKpas [pe3 lltpnara cBeroBHa eoiiHa e flpeB:bpuaro or I{eurpa,rnnre cvrn upe: 1915 r. s PereHrcKo KpurcrBo llo,rrua. Marap qe oQuqua.,ruo llolcroro qapcrBo e AT,p)KaBa cbc
Her, Karo Aopr4 npe3 1867

or ln6epanna KoHcrltryrllts, HetoBrrTe ynpaBHr4urr, pycKr.lTe r4MrrepaTopr4, KaTO rl_qno npene6perear BcrKaKBu ofpaHr.rqeHu.f, Ha cBoqra Bracr, Karo no To3r{ Haqtru Ha rrpaKTrrKa ro e MaprroHerKa Ha pycrara [Mlepr4q. 3a rparro Krpunvr\ara ce ri3rro,rr3Ba e llorura ro oHoBa BpeMe, noHe)Ke TaKoBa e II3rrcKBaHeTo Ha pycKnTe 3aKOHI4 _ B CpeIaTa Ha 19 eex pycKrz{T qap Hr.rrolafi I ce onrzrea Aa 3aMecrrrt norcKara JraTlrHr4qa c KI4pr,InI4IIa, HO OIII4TbT KaTO USIO Ce oKa3Ba Heyc[erxeH. Ero tplllrepeH TeKcr orroraBa:
3Haqr.rre,rrHa aBToHoMr4s, tapaHTr{paHa

Il6udsuqe o dsnmrcu, n6ildsuqe ztaucmKe pa3ew

3a uacmo, nodt

ctynt ua ese1pextr,

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Taut npddu tlydoeuwu.a xngxuuilqe o6paseut, Ilo6ocrcue su6etle naqpexu... (Iloep6mt Tamot, np-er A.
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3a uacmo, nod cnyn Ha $zyp3K,

Tau nped ryydoeuatu rcararcuu me o6paseu,

Ilo6ocrcue 3t4ysme namdpex.
tr4gexra 3a rr3lrorT3BaHero Ha Kprplljrr4uara B IroJIcKr4t e3uK HMa rlprlBbpxeHr.rur.r loprl cera eN. cafira Opmoepacpn LlbrpbtnuqKa

dtn asutrca norbcKeeo e 6u6:ruorpa $uxra.

C,reA

Blcranueto or 1863-1864 r.
IZMIIepU,'I,

reHepa,r-ry6epHaropbr M. Mypaetoe 3a6paHflBa fler{araHero c narl{Hr4lla 3a JII4TOBUIITe II BCI{qKr.r Ca .urb)KHr{ Aa IIeqaTaT Ha Krrpunr4rla Ao 1904 r.
Pycrara
118

n ceBepo-3ana.4HaTa qacT Ha

A. yPAJTCKT{TE HAPOAI{

ynorpe6xaa or pycHarlr,rre, yKpar4Hrlr.rre, 6eropycure, ttorsulrre rr JruroBur{Te, Krrpr.IJrl,Iuara rlpoAT,nxaB a Aa

OcseH rre

ce

ce pa3[pocrpaHsBa r4 cpeA ypzrJrcKrrre HapoArr npe: 18-19 eer: cpeA MopABrruure (ep:r u lrorua) u uapuiiqure npe3 18 ner, cpe4
Kapenr.rTe

[pe3 19-Tri,

Tosa crasa npaBocnaBHrr rrrKcroBe

KaKTo r.I cpeA HeHrIrrTe o6aqe rJrasHo c penr4rrro3Ha rlen

no c:brrloTo BpeMe.

Eeaueenuemo no iloo, rr3Jrr.r3a Ha MoKrxancKr4 npe: 1901 r. (creper,reuHara a:6yra 3a ro3rr e3rrK ce cr,3.4aBa npe3 Bropara rroJroBrrHa na 18 eex). llpe: 19 BeK HsKorKo KHrrrrr ce ry6rumyean c Kr4prrnnqa r4 Ha KapencKn, c[eLIuL.rHo Ilpeeod He HflKotKo Morumru u Kpamtx Kamexu3uc Ha ceBepHoKapeJrcKrr r,r oJroHeuKrr Ar4L,reKTr4 npe: 1804 r. u Eeaueenue no Mameil Ha rolnHoKapercKuq rBepcKrr Ar4aneKT npe: 1 820 r.

peqHuqt4. llpou:neneHrs. Ha Haur4oHLrrHr.rre nr4reparyprr He ce c:b3AaBar. llrpwtre ep3rHcKr4 pen[rr]o3Hrr reKcroBe ce rro{B.flBar npe: 1803 r. llpe: 1884 r. ce
orlrealarBa r.r

3a c:b3raBaue Ha

6yrnap.

E. CbPEU.fl,IIEPHA IOPA U AJEAHI{-fl

AoHrK:bre rJraroJrnuara), a u Eocna ce [orBqBar Aoprr KHrru, frurca:ur c apa6cxo rrr4cMo, e Crp6lrx KHrrxoBeH e3rrx e rlbpKoBHocnaBrHcKrr.f,T (u ueronuar cranxuocpr6crlr napuaHr).

loraro npe: 18-19 BeK x:bpBarr{Te rroJr3Bar ,rarnnuqara (r.r

119

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,rfumoecKu Kr.rpr4ncxrl TeKcr

or 1866 r. (tr4srovnrm: Wikipedia).

BA-scHo: CrnpeiraeHna MoHroJrcKa 6asxnora (I4:rouni.rr<: Wikipedia).

oupocr.rrBa 3HarrrrretrHo cpr,6cKu.f, KrrpuncKr4 rupuQr (pycxuxr rpaxAaHcKt4 rupu$r ce B:b3npr4eMa rrT,pBo B Ta3r.r crpaHa). B cpeAara Ha cbrlu-s eex Byr Cre$anoelrv Kapa4Nnu rr3B:bprxBa rrpaBonrrcHa pe$opMa: HeHyxHHTe 6yrev a r4 b ce rr3xBT,prrflT, & ce BbBexAaT 6yxB,u]O n, n', rJ, j.CneA ra:u pe$opMa cpt6crara Krrpr4nr{{a 3anoqBa Aa ce Hapv.ra 6yKo6urya. llpe: 1850 r. ce rroArrr4cBa raKa HapeqeHoro Buencro KHr4r(oBHo c:brJralxeHl4e, Koero e nr,pBara KpaqKa KbM c:b3AaBaHe Ha cTaHAapTen c:sp6oxrpBaTcKr4 e3rrK Ha ocHoBaTa Ha

B uaqaroro Ha 19 ser

Cana

Mrpran

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Byroeara pe@opMa

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120

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c JrarrrHrrrla r{ rr:bpBure an6aHcKu flIlcarenr.r c:F, Io rrolr3Bar ra3v a36yKa, Karo Ao6aBrr tp:brlKr.r 6ynnr.r 3a
e
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ny6:ruryaa

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X. EbJIIAPI4fl
Cne4 Ctp6u{ rpax.qaHcKara a:6yra HaBJrlr3a rl r Brnraprln oxono 1830 r., rrgero 6una Ha3OBaBaHa npocqemumenHo nucMo. Pycrn v cpr6crr.r [eqarHrr KHrfr4 I{ABaT B CTpaHaTa, KaTO pa3npocrpaHsBar pycKoro u cp:n6cxoro Bru-sHue. llo ro:r.r Haqr4H

3alorrBa Aa o6o3Haqana

[a]

erraecro HocoBo

o' a n o6o:nauaea

uero ['a] BMecro HocoBo e. llpe: 1806 r. Co@ponvfi Bpauancxlr ny6lraxyna (ua rI:bpKoBHocnaB{HcKrz, cr,c crapufl KnprincK[

upuSr) nbpBara reqarHa 6urapcra KHrrra - Hedenuurc, a s Kuruuuer, Mo:r4aenr npe: 1821 r. ce orrreqarBar c rpaxAaHcKrr
rupuSr r.rHcrpyKrlr4rr 3a 3aAbJrxeHtrflTa Ha ceJrcKrrre r.rHcrr4Tyrlrrr4 (na 6urapcru u pycr<rz). llocle e Eelrpa4 npe: 1833 t' ce nosBsB w Apumuemurca ua XpucraKH llaeroeu.r.
C,rea 1850
nrrTepaTypa,
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r. rpalKAaHcxrur uplr$r AoMr4Hnpa B cBercKara a [o-K:bcHo Aopr{ B pelr4fr{o3HaTa, MaKap rre B

cu roreM[qr 6urapcrlr roer r.r rrr{careJr tr4eau Ba:oe nulre, qe 6aua My I{3Iro"]r3BaJr ,,qr,pKoBHure" 6yr<nu B T:bproBcKr.rre crr KHrzrrr Al,nro cneA ToBa BpeMe. llpe: crrqua rrepuoA HeoSur Pu:rcxu v. I4eaH MoNrqu:ros r43AaBar rpaMarr4lrHr.r
pT,KOBOACTBa.

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Brqso : CJlasqHocpb6cKo cnr4ca:nve (tr4:ro.rulrn : Wikipedia).

BAscHo: Cpr6crara rpaMarr,rKa Ha KapaAxuq: (Z:rovurar: Wikipedia).

PYCKATA IIPABOCJIABHA IIT'PKBA B Ctr{EI{P, CEBEPHI4fl IIACI,IOI{K I{ CEBEPHA AMEPI4KA (AJTf,CKA) I4 IIO_ HATATbIIIHOTO PA3TIPOCTPAHEHI4E HA KI,{PI,IJI4IIATA
4.

MI4CIIOHEPCTBOTO

HA

Ka3arrrKrur araMaH Epruar< Tnirao$eewru 3aBJraIsBa cTonnqara Ha rarapcKoro cu6r4pcKo xaHcrBo lr TaKa 3alorrBa rroKop-rrBaHeTo Ha cv6vp. To orserrla Abnfo BpeMe. cauo qyKqllre ce c:brrporrrBJr.f,Bar oKoJro 150 ro4uuu cpeuy pycKoro HarrrecTBr4e, Ho HaKpar oTcTT,rrBaT (AO Xpar Ha 19 BeK 3aB:bprxBa rr 3aB.rra.qrBaHero Ha cpelHa A3vs. - Kagaxcrau, Ys6erucrau n r. H.). Pycrnre r,r3cneloBareJrr{ rocrrrrar Aopn AnqcKa, Korro craBa pycKa reprrropr{.fl, ynpaBn{BaHa or Pycro-auepuKaHcKara KOMlaHr4-s, -rr4fiTo [Ia6 e n Zpryrcr. B nepxoAa 1799-1867 r.

llpe: 1582 r.

122

KoMraHuqra r{Ma KoJroHr4r4 no ueJrru 3anaAeH 6pxr ua Ceeepua Alrepura qaK.qo Ka,nu$opHux. llpe: 1816 r. Iopr4 r{3Hr4KBa pycKa Kpenocr na XaeaftcKr4re ocrpoBrr, Ho pycHarlr4Te u3ocraBqr r44eflTa Aa HanpaBrr apxv[enafa cBoq repltropua. ZHave 4opu Ty3eMurrre ranr 6uxa rroJr3BaJrr4 Kr4prlnr{rlara.

16-18 seK pycKr4re Mrrcr{oHepr.r ocHoBaBar H_rrKolKo npaBocnaBHr4 Mprauv v Cu6up u ropv e Cpe4Ha A:lrx (rr4ero HaceJreHrrero r43roBsABa uclrua) r{ ce oflr,rrBar Aa nponoBslBar
EoNzero cJroBo Ha pycKrr Ha MecrHrrre cu6upcrcu uapo4u. lloKrbcHo ce lpaBsr otrr4Tu sa uy6lzryrane Ha KHr{rrr 3a cn6upcr<lrre rurapv u 6ypmnre He caMo c apa6cnrz r{ MoHroJrcKrr 3Harlr4' Ho r4 c Kr4prrncKr4. O6aqe xpr{crr{rucrBoro He Aona.4a ua cu6upxqure, a pr orneqaraHllTe MarepI4lJII4 ca ocKbAHr{ - o6zruogeHo caMo
IpOIIOBeAHI4KT,T I4Ma!'I KHIzra, KO'TO MeCTHr4Te He rrzN4anH. llpeS 1897 npe6poxnanero rroKa3Ba rro-MaJrKo 5 o/o rpaMorHocr

llpe:

r.

or

cpe4 cz6upcKr{Te HapoAra, Karo roBa e rpaMorHocr Ha pycKr4 e3r4K, He Ha MecrHHTe e3rrulr. Cavo noroNeHr,rero c 6ypnure e MaJrKo no-4o6po.
pycKrr Mr{crzoHep Cseru Hurorafi flnoucr<u pa3[pocrpaHqBa npaBocJraBr{ero B Crpauara Ha u3rpsBauroro cJrbHue r{ [peBexAa Bu6rusra ua rIroHcKI4. 3a crxa:renue, H{Ma AoKa3arencrBa, !{e e npaBrrn orII4Tr{ Aa BbBeAe u Kr4pr4Jrr{rlara B Ta3r4 crpaHa. O6a.re cr4creMa 3a 3arII{cBaHe Ha .{noHcKr{-s e3I4K c Kr4prrnuqa, HapeqeHa pocuadsu nnu rcupudsu, ce c:b3AaBa npe: 1917 r. or E. llorrzsaHoe (rarura cr{cTeMrr ca cb3,4aAeHV ,r 3a Apyrr4 e3r4rlr.1, AOpr{ 3a yHr-apcKr.r: yHrapcKara Kr4pr4ncKa azlyxa wru uafap tlupu.,t.tt e cbcraBeHa or
r4

B rpax ua 19 ser

Haquroro

ua2}-tu,

eAr.rH

Celrror:r Befiru:su, rcofiro trcKa

u3yqaBaHero na pycru e:ur<).

Ia

ynecHr4 yHfaprlr4Te npr4

Pycuaqnre npoAaBar Arscra Ha aMepr4KaHrlr4re rrpe3 1867 r.

O6aqe pycKara Kynrypa, penutrrr

as6yxa ocraBar

cpe,4

TaMorrrHrrre ry3eMHrr HapoArr (a,reyru, ecKr4Moclr

u r:luururu)

ropr4 ce nocpeuar no-4o6pe, orKoJrKoro u Cvr6up, KbAero

r4Ma

123

r4c,rrrMcKrr lygucrrcu BIrkrfl:uLrs.. B rcnriKcKz-fl AI4LIIeKT Ha ecKr4Mocr4Te AyMaTa 3a 6glt rroBeK olrle e Kass'aq, Koero
rrpor{3nr43a oT Ka3aK.

r<pal sa 19 u Harriuroro ua 20 seK peJrr{rrro3Hr{ Kr{pr4ncKr4 KHI4fLI Ce ly6nrzXyBaT Ha aJ-IeyTCKH, IOIII4KCKTI LI T.III4HIT4TCKII (nrpeouava.,rHo c rlr,pKoBHocraBsHcKr4 urpnQr). \4 1uec e ArscKa orrle rlMa llpaeoclanna rIbpKBa - IlpaeocnaBHama qbpKsa He 6cu c6emuu. Kupulcrrzre reKcroBe Ha MecrHr,rre e3I4IIrr Morar Aa ce HaMepsr e Hei4rruq ye5cafir (http://www.asnq.ca/alaska). Karo rrplrMep :a yrorpe6ara Ha KvpuncKara r.lrrrHrr{rcxa a:6yr<a vroNe Aa rocnyxr.r rercr:br Indication of the Pathway into the Kingdom of Heaven (Vrcasauie nymu 6b l-{apcmeie He6ecuoe, Ha TluHrr4TcKr4 - Ka-earc-utiu e6-y-my-Llu-Hu-u dme Tuxu Au-rca-y xau-me), rrr4caH or cBeueHr{K l4r,a:r BeuuaMr4HoB npe: 1901 r.

Jr gLi i.sJ*i rl*"dt ul#a *r.*.rilr jrf e$hl$ *Ert urrrrJg bI*- ri.*li -d.f-l." -.,Jie'' -fsrl *Illi $* ,*.rb *f,lr! J.ll vrt;nt r,*b:uuJ-dtrrr k;o *g u*b**i-Sr* g|,f lJT *,d;b .rr;J,Fitl tlLr:. *41 d{ 11 ;,1HJt'.,f.;, r*l;a ** ri "'."J{J{S .-J-,ilrr} *yr# *;. tfrlh *k*r . s*,r-!u$T +;h
$fpy{Sy firr6s a*u*s* 0{p r*Ex$u*s x[ri Sqeat e&pjni+ fip fhsr kaaucueuq fifr0 reliu korynry.- Hriu-ula*r kasunt.r o$ri$ lp4e-depinri" fiontrs k*ru koplcyrr, "6y; nsg,ln rslrilr 6i$ 6ef& u*n[4 kaenmgnrmn mptaf-ffice! Espfnl sB*X* &s0*, dygnn Uf,rslu&ttr, ou$ Sep[nn opuyN;r* icean,
kr,Tflnrtrdf, *knslogfiEru"
14

jnxtr mn'

Ka:axcxz reKcr Ha apa6uga

Kuplanr4r\a (I4srounur: Wikipedia).

124

The lloly Gospel According $ S!. Maithew l'dT4,*,{/fi r. H.rdi t't-xHXodlxticit/i{t tlHi{,tHiil,lHfj

TUH.{/i,lI HdrlgiH]rHH[
(5x,inanz iianinz).

NPEI}ICJIOBIE
fVua,raruxHuqaur,).

Xyt rt, u<z raiatrr,i,*rr<a */n8nnn" a,l.,1ar,(rr,

lhn'r'/,1in nnzl

Xplrcro:rro6anlre

vnrareln, Oparil
MO14I

d'fit'^,, 1'f,'9 l,n.,n*

,ir,1V,i',.rr.z,,ljanrrz t'rrixV',r

n;i'*'

CnosoMl,

Boxinn]' pcc cornoperroj

!r

;r,l," $rinnn" fl"tituz rli ln,lra rnirir,u<t'nzl{I. ,tl,l'

n rrilt

coTaopclrltoc .ri.rq"Croga 6oxir.

lre

tcpxnru criolr

T{ntrll,r,t '-,C)roBo Eoxic rxr qeroilrn ec].r, // tllr, ul'll.arcqar cra ,lynry; CroBo

d'rfit'rz Tt',,f 'r,;.iit'*"

tfltrffitnAl li,t.lrI:

l;oxje rcr! ,ri'<8,*,. {r{itnz 'ftx{ .ri"u^^ x?x,tyrry$ Borr, yron orqar .ro nwy; CroBo Eoxrlr cclr jrrin,us'r,iryri'r,lr,rrfrr,1j jr<$<r; Ceblnu^b ur.b, cilroqit sb reMHoMl drfi$,lz Tt'r,f, ,rlrnj'rirn,uz rr,r;- Mtcr.', roKa npi,1!(jrl Xefi!, e:,oiinr Ex .lrx,(r,nz ri,rnrrz'r,ltr6'r',r,1,i <;,uf,- .epA[!j CroDo Fo)r<ic ecrL rllKJl(e C1tumn, t. e. CnoDo 6o:{rie,cHo H ,r'j,</,rrr, -,rialrlz j*,i*r<z r<,rx- x!fio rrenQjit(y !! '1l)Ka.]lnraera cepnt 610 rcl Eoxir u Cllnn.o r6xa ,,f,inruiron",riiirrrz rqyrjnz; 6ora. Be31, CnoEa Iloxir qcjtoBlKr flrdrL{lz IlflI
rlfi,lfitiz
rinrotr7 tK}K3,

l'aria
)

r<,rr'rrr<fnr.uz,

il.fit'""

Tt''g

fra{ent) xnrKlr}.r{a, cnljn! 1r McprBl,

t*n-lnz.
All

rnilin,lz'rrrailr.rrrlrz.

.r'rflfi,r.r(,ririrfi 'r

n.i lr.qr

{,r,an* r'r*r.r',rrr,r

r,f

ir<t'rtz.

Saints ol North America Ofiliodox

Church

\\.rwv.asna.ca

(5)

Aleyrcr<o
www.asna.ca).

eBaHreJrr4e

napzureJreH pycKr4 TeKcT (I{srounax:

125

hdicatiol of the Path$.ay hto th Kingdom of Heaven:

EB-y-Ty,IIt-HIr-U

pan I

{rE

Tr,rKu AH-KA-y XAH-TE

YKA3AHTE TIYTI4

Bb
IIAPCTBIE HEFECHOE
KA-BAIGIIIII{ EB.Y.TY.qI,I-HI4-I{ ATE

TI4KI4 AH-KA-Y XAH-TE

EECtAA IIPEOCB'IUEHIIATO I4HHOKEHTI'

nepeBe,aeHHarr

c.

r.

OBbIM6

'3I'T(G

qACTb IIEPBA'
IOEI{IIEI4HOE I43.4AHIE

CIZITXA
1901.
AII
Saints of North America

fthodox Church
(3)

wyrw.a6m.ca

[paBocnaBeH (tr4rroquux: www.asna.ca).

Tnunrltrcxu

TCKCT

o6tcHeHr4r Ha pycKr4

e3r{K

\26

Yaqulgem Aapqanga Taghnughhaq Allgeghniluku

XSyrrranvr Arqaqa Tafnyfax

,drrrxulmlmory

(4 -i>
-',r\4',1

il"f'*
rllrtt*rs }lFrid.!rr.

la,rlitlriilhd Nuilvr@lirud.

Penurlaosnr.r 6polrypu Ha IolI,IKcKr,r ecKI,IMocKr.r Ar,raJreKT Ha na:Truhr\a Kr{panaqa (Zsrounur: Jacobson 200 1).

PEOOPMI{ 14 PA3IIPOCTPAHEHIIE
KI,IPI4JII,IUATA CJIEA A. PYCUq
I9I

HA

fOAnHA

CreA raro ,Ileuuu

wp'Ba Ha BJracr

npaBorrrrcHa pe$oprr,ra orcrpaH{Ba

B Pycux npe: 1911 r, Hrxor4 6yr<nr.r (.s, I) or pycrara

Kr4pr4ncKa a36yKa, Kosro ce Hurafa Ha MHoro enponeficru,, cv6vpcKr r{ cpe.qHoa3rrarcKr.r HapoAH, Kor{To irr4Berr B AT,p)r{aBara. HqKou or rrx npeAr{ ToBa HrMar rrucMeHocr (nN. lo-Hararlr); Apyfrr rr3non3Bar MoHfoJrcKara (Karo 6ypxrure), apa6cxara (xaro TATAp:/lTe-, aBapUr{Te, Ka3axr4Te), rpy3rrHcKara (a6xa:ure, qacr or ocerr4Hrlrrre) rrnu rprbrlKara a36yKri (a,rauure rrJrr{ ocerr4Hur{Te, raray:lrre). Mnoro Hapo,4rr n Pycux cMeH-rrr nr4cMeHocrra cr4

121

npe: 20-re roArrHrl e3rzKT,r Ha KoMr4Te rr3non3Ba a:6yrara Ha Mo:roAuos, Korro e Ha Kr{puncKa ocHoBa. Ts ce rl:lrecrBa or Jrarr4Hr4uara upe: 193 1 r. (rrsnpnera 3a KparKo 14 or Muoro ,upyrr4 HapoAu), a c:re4 rona orHoBo or Kr4prrnr{uara s AsroHoMuara cr,BercKa peny6:rura Konrra. 3a raperure Ha ocHoBara Ha Krzpunnrlara cr,rrlo ce pa:pa6ornar peArzqa nrzcMeHr4 crrcreMr,r [o c:bBercKo BpeMe, Ho
Hr4KOt OT T.rrX He Ce HaJIaIa nopaArr cTaJII4Hr{CTKI4Te peupecHr4 KT,M

HrKoJrKo fl:brrr rrpe3 20 eeK. Hanprauep,

KapencKus Hapol rr egur. Hsxou or e3r{urrre Beqe ca Ha rpaHr4uara Ha I43rle3BaHero. Tep-caaMcKurr e3I4K, foBopeH B ceBepor43ToqHl4t xpafi na KorcKuq [onyocrpoB (rofiro rroJr3Ba Krrpr{nr4ua cneA Bropara cBeroBHa nofiua), npea 2010 r. ce roBopr{ caMo or ABaMa Ayrxr4. Elp:oro HaMar-sBaHe Ha foBoperur4Te e3r,rKa e [pr{qr4HeHo oT KOJIeKTnBn3AI\I4frTA, nO BpeMe Ha KO.STO I{3IIO.ll3BaHeTO Ha e3I'IKa B yqr4nr{uara ce :a6panxaa npe: 30-re roAr4Hr4 na 20 eer.

E. YKPAI'IHA

YrpafiHa or6ers:sa KparlK nepr{oA Ha He3aBlrcr4rr,rocr or 1918 .qo 1919 roauna (roraro ce npr{eMa o$uquueu yKparrHcKr4 npanourac), rocJre craBa eAHa or cbBercxr{re peny6nrlr<u. llpe:
1925 r. e Vrpazncrara c:r,BercKa cour4aJrr.rcrr{qecra peuy6l[Ka ce cb3AaBa KoNruc[q 3a perynrrpaHe Ha npaBonrzca. llpuenrar ce cTaH.4apTeH yKpar4HcKr4 npaBonrrc H MeToA 3a TpaHcnr.rTepr4paHe Ha qy)KAr4Te ,[yMr.r KoMr]poMr4c MexAy rastu4ui,tct<ux u

cKpunHuKeBKa, IIo I4MeTO Ha yKpar4HCKr4{ KOMrrCap HA o6pa:oeauuero Mrarora Cnpunnnr. Tosa e n:bpBara o6ulonprzera yKpar4HcKa oprorpa$ux. Ho npe: 1933 r. pe$opvara ce orMeH-s r4 rr3rrrr3a AeKper :a yno4o6aBaHe Ha fipaBonlrca B rrocoKa KbM pycKr4{. Hoeu o$uquaruu [paBonr4cHrr .npaBr4na (nourxora Hapv.taHv nocmuu,rezKa - or llaser llocruuree, crLll{Hl4crKr4qr nporHBHr{K Ha yKpar4urr3aguna) ce ny6llmynar s Kr4es npe: 1936

cr,BercKl{.{ BapI4aHT, HaperreH Xapxoecrcu npasonuc vrLt

128

rvaaropara r{3BT,H crpaHara. IIo epeive ua cbBercKara Ilepecmpoiirca rrpe3 lggl r. oe c:b3AaBa HoBa yKpar{HcKa npaBorrr4cHa KOMuCU' Lr peBr43rlpaHrz_sT npaBorrr4c e uy6lnxyeau npe: 1990 r. llpe: cnelBatrlara ro.qrrHa Vrpafiua o6qBflBa He3aBI4cLIMoc rta cv. C:sqecrnyna rz Soprr.ra Ha yKpauHcKr4s e3rrK, HapeqeHa pycrrHcKrz zlrz (csrpeueueu) pyreHcKlr. 3a u.f,xou ,rraHtBr4crl/t roBa e orleneH e3r4K, 3a ,4pyfr.r _ yKpar,rHcKu Ar4LJTeKT. pycuucxara a:6yra uMa HrKo,rrKo BapnaHra, yuorpe6anaHa srs Boiiso guua (n Cr,p6ux), Clonaxax, llo;lua ra Vxpifiua. B Kpzu lr Eecapa6za H,'IKO.]IKO rropKcKr4 Hapo.4a cT,rqo ca B:b3rrpr4enr{ Krrpr4nr.rrlaTa (rarapu, Rapar4Mu, raray3r4 v Ap.).
B. EEJIOPYCI4fl

yKpar.rHurz

npoMeHr4 npe: 1945 u 1960 r. MeN4yepeueuuo cKpunHuKeoKama npo4t>nlKaBa Ia ce n3rron3Ba or ra,ruulrficrlrre

r., c

u or

B ua.raroro ua 20 seK MHofo 6e:ropycru

eAHoBpeMeHHo

cIIOMeHaTaTa Belqe HapKOMOqKC\.

tr{:roqua Belopycux craBa qacr or AbpxaBara Ha cbBerrrre rrpe3 1919-1920 r., Krrp:anrrrlara ocraBa eAr4HcrBeHara o$zqza.,rua az6yxa. ClulenpelreuHo e 3ana4na Belopyct4{ ABere a:6yr<r.r npoAbnxaBar Aa cbr{r4Te.lrcrBar, MaKap qe cneA 1943 r. rroBer{ero or r43Aa'rrrra ce reqarar Ha Kr.rprz,rrrua. Feropycnurr K.lracr4qecKr4 npaBorr[c - maparaKe6u?4ama, e npaBorr[ceH BapnaHT, rofiro ce 6uupa Ha nvreparypHara HopMa Ha cbBpeMeHHWq 6enopycrclr e3r{K, qr{ero [T,pBo HopMHpaHe ce npaBr4 or E. Tapaunaur" ,rp"a 1918 r. u . u ae uo,:r:ea_o$Hqr.ra.rrHo !o npa"orrrcuara peSopua or 1933 r., Kosro upu6nrzNana 6enopycraa .4o pycKru rrpe3

r{ Ha rrarnHr4r\4 v Ha Kupunut\a. C;reI raro

v31aHufl.

ce reqarar

ce rroJr3Ba ueo$nqna,ruo B caMara Eenopyclra, KaKTo rr or 6elopycnara Ar.racuopa r43BbH crpaHara, rroHe)Ke .lrerrrrrrMHocrra Ha pe$opnrara or 1933 r. HrrKora He ce

_ Or 1933 t. mapqraKezuqama

129

npr{3HaBa or HrKor4 noJlrrrr{qecKtr rpynrr B 3ana4na Ee:ropycur, Hrrro or eMrrtpaHT[Te, Korrro s HanycKar crcl, 1944 r. llo epelrero

na llepecmpoilxama B Kpaq Ha 80-re ro4unu sa 20

BeK,

ABLIXeHIIeTO 3a B:b3BpT,rUaHe Ha maparuKeguqama B cTpaHara ce sr:o6uosssa. Be:ropycnr craBa He3aBkrcr4wa npe: 1991 r. llpe: 2005 r. c ny6:rnrynaHero Ha Eenopycr<un KnacutrecKu npalonuc ce

npaBrr

c:bBpeMeHHoTo HopMrrpaHe

Ha.ruHaHuero

e noAero or

Ha

mqpau,tKequryama.

H-sKolt Me.qlru, BKr]orrurerHo

6e:ropycr<ara Vuxunedun. IIo ro:u HaqlrH AHec Ha npaKTrrKa ce i,r3rroJr38ar 4ea 6e:ropycKn npaBorrrrca.

llpe: 80-re roAr.rHr.r sa 20

BeK

ce rrpaBrr rt otrr4rrt 3a

cTaHAapTlr3rrpaHe Ha 3anaAHorronecKrr{ Mr{Kpoe3rrK Qoplra MexAy 6e:ropycr<u r yKpar4HcKH.

[pexoAHa

r. MonAoBA r{ ilPT4AHECTPOBT{ETO

rr3rro.rr3Ba n Mo,r4ona ao 1918 r. Heuu napr.raHT npoAbnxaBa Ia ce rr3rroJr3Ba s ClsercKa Mo:r4oea or 1924 Ao 1932 r. rr or 1940 ao 1989 r. (6es nepuo4a 1941-44 r.).

PyulHcrara Kr.rprrnuqa ce

lueutrara craHlaprHa a:6yra e Jrarr4Hlrrlara,

oue ce noJr3Ba n llpu4HecrpoBuero,
ca pycKrr, yKpar4HcKrr
r.r Mo.rrAaBcKrz

o6a.re Kripr{nr{uara

K:bAero oSnqnalur.rre e3r4rlu

(c rupu:rcra as6yxa).

A. KABKA3
llpe:
10 aen apa6ure Hap[rrar KasKa: Ilnauuuama Ha quyume

nopaAn MHoro6pofiHure e3r4ur.r, Korrro ce roBoprr

rau (n H.sKor4

cnyqat,r e TpyAHo Aa ce HalpaBLI pa3nI,IKa MeXAy e3IIK II 4Lra.,rexr).

130

Flsron or

HapoAr4Te B perr4oHa, nprrMepHo aBapur{Te, lr3rro.lr3Bar

(a6xa:rare) npaexr orrr{rr4 Aa rurrrar c rpy3r{HcKr.r 6yrera. C u3KJlroqeHr.re Ha rpy3r4HcKrr r4 apMeHcKIr, IroBeqeTo e3HIILI B KasKas r{3rro:r3Bar r4rrkr ca r43[oJr3BaJrrr Kr4pr4nurlara npe: 20 sex. Karo urno B CCCP MHoro e3r{rlrr cMeHar a:6yrara cu no H.f,KoJrKo rrr,Tlr: apa6ut\a ) narr4Hr4r\a ) rrEpr.uuqa ) lalanu1alapa6uga. Hanpurr,rep, 4o 1928 r. KyMrrKcKr{rr cr,rqo ce [r4rrre c apa6cr<ll 3Harlr4. MeN4y 1928 w 1938 r. Beqe ce r.r3rro.rr3Ba nututnrrura, cneA Koero B ynorpe6a e Kr4pr4Jrr4uara. Oceruuqure (u:ra a-,uauure) ynorpe6xear craHAaprr{3r{paHa Krrpr4nr4ua or 1844 r. (ct:ga4eua or An4pefi IIIorpeH). Ho rnplucru Kamexusuc e or[eqaraH Ha ocerr4HcKr{ MHoro no-paHo - npe3 1798 r. llpe: 1923-38 ro3r{ rrHAor{paHcKrz HapoA r43[on3Ba rrurLtHpl\ara. llo-r:rcuo., or 1938 r. ceBepHr4Te oceTI{HIIr4 rrIIrUaT Ha Kr{pIInUUa, a Io)KHr{Te IIOJT3BaT rpy3r4HcKara rrucMeHocr Ao 1954 r., cneA Koero c:brqo

apa6ugara ou1e

or 1l ner; apyru

r.

rrpeMr4HaBaT Ha Kr4pr4J1r4rla.

pa3npocrpaHeHu e3I4qII, KaTO IIEIICHCKII I4IIV a:ep6afi4Naucru, rro-MaJrKa crerreH ocerl4HcKlr, cbuIecTByBaT Ir e3l1luu, toBopeHl4 caMo B eAHO Ce.[Urqe. Hanprzuep, apqr,rHcKn e ceBepor{3ToqeH KaBKa3Krr e3r,rK, toBopeH or oxo:ro 1000 aylru B ceJro Apvn n larecran. HqKon or e3r{qrrre AOpr4 HsMaT CTaHAapTHa rrr4cMeHa $OpVra KaTo .4atecraHcKrr-f, axBaxcKr4 esrar. Tofr ce rr3rroJr3Ba npeAr{MHo B AoMarrrHa cpeAa, a r43BbH Hes ce roJr3Bar aBapcKr4 rr pycKrr. Cnea 1940 ce r43BbprxBaT peAr4rla e3rrKoBr{ r{3cjreABaHrrr v ce v3traBaT HqKorKo recKra, BKJrroqr4re.rrrHo c6opHr4K c pa3Kr3r4 npez 1949 r. llpe: 20

Hape4 c lo-ur.rpoKo

u B

r.

BeK lr3r{e3Bar y6uxcxulil e3rrK or KaBKa3Kara rpyrta v

HHAoeBponeircrcusr KttJrrrr, r<ofrro e no4o6eu Ha raJrrrrrrKrr-a, r<offro Bce ou{e ce roBoprr or rraalo6pofiHa rpyna xopa.

Marap ue u:o6perxBaHero Ha Kr4pr4ncKrr ,az6yxu 3a MecrHHTe KaBKa3Krr u cu6upct<u Hapolrr e ron{Mo rrocrrrxeHrre 3a pycKxre .lrrrHrBrrcrrr, Te3rr a36yKrr He ca c:bBceM clo,rryrrJrllBLr tr B MHoro
lJl

enyY'au cT,3AaTenrrTe r{M HapolrHo o6o3Ha.raBaT eAr{H 3ByK C pBnUqHIi 3HaUH B pa3.[I4!IHI4Te BapLIaHTII Ha eAIIH II C:bIq e3IIK (xaro n Ka6apAr4HcKr4 r..r aAr{reiicKr4).

E. CI4BIIP

BctrqKrr MecrHr{ e3r4rlr{ B Cu6up ce rrr4rrrar c Krrprrnr4rla, MaKap qe npr.r H.rrKor4 or r{x rs.n::'3a n ynorpe6a clea 1990 r. u rroBeqero or r.{x ca 3acrparxeHr4 or lr3qe3Baue (raro ce r.r3K.lrroqar no-pa3npocTpaHeHr4 e3rrrlu, KaKBr{To ca rKyTcKrr n:ru eneucxu). Kercxu e rocJreAHrr.sr ouer.f,lr qJreH Ha eHr4ceficKoro e3rrKoBo ceMeiicrBo rr ce roBoprr or oKoJlo 550 ayruu xpafr pera Eluuceit u

llo.rru

I-{eurpa.,reu Cu6up. Heroeara rrr4cMeHa CITCTeMa Ce pa3BI4Ba Ha KLIplIJrcKa ocHoBa npe: 1980 r. Or f. Bepuep rr f. HrzxolaeBa. CeBeprir{.f,r roKarrlpcKrr ce roBoprz or oro:ro 150 qoBeKa, a roxrHlrrr roKarrzpcKr,r r,rMa rro-MaJmo or 50 HOCLITeJIH Ha e3I4Ka. Ha rOrarApCKrrTe e3IIIIU 3aIIOlIBa Aa Ce nU[Ie crcl, 1970 r. c Kr{puncKa nr4cMeHocr, ra:o6pereHa or fanpun Kypn:roe, HocIzTeJr Ha e3lrKa. LI Isara roKarr4pcKrr BapvarTa ca rrpenoAaBaHn Ao r43BecrHa creneH B yqunr4[rara cneA 1980 r.

HefiHure npr4rorlu

Zrelueucxn e qyKorcKo-KaNrrarcKrr

HocrrreJrrr Ha rronyocrpoe KaN4.rama r{3AaBaH aneyrcKlr 6yraap, Karo eAlrHcrBeHara aJreyrcKa Kr4prrncKa KHrrra e yqunr4[reH per{HI4K, Ir3AaAeH npe: 90-re roAr4Hr{ ua 20 seK. Brn Brsruna MaHgNypua (ororo perca Anryp) )Kr4Berr H{KoJrKo vano6pofiuu poAcrBeHr{ HapoAa Karo opoKrrre u opovure (r.r eAHrrre, 14 Apyrr{re ua6poxnarqu ro-Mr,'rKo or 100 uoner<a) u HqKor4 Apyrr4. llrpeonaua,'ruo Kl4pvnuuara ce rl3rro.rr3Ba 3a cbcTaBrHe Ha tpaMaT[lrHr4 orll4caHr4fl Ha re3u e3rrrlu, a rocJre, B neprzoAa 2008-2010 r. ce ry6nl.IKyBar tI yue6uu uarepuanz. E4ua or uaii-noe[Te Kr{puncKr{ IrrIcMeHocrI4 e Herl4AuulcKara, Ko-sro ce

e3r4K

c rro-MaJrKo or 100 Cu6up. Bce oqe ne e

l't1.

cr,3AaBa rrpe3 2009 f., a cJreABailIara fo.4rrHa yqe6HuK 3a HaqaJlHI4Te K.lracoBe.

ce

[y6nr4KyBa

rrHTepeceu c,'ryvafi e ro3rl crc cofiorr.rre, Kor4To n:bpBoHaqzl.,THo roBop-rrr Ha e.qlrH or ypr-,TcKlrre e3lruu. lloc:re 6usar acvMr4nvpaHr or rropKcKoro HaceJreHue Ha Cw6up, a HaKpzu u or 6ypnure. 3a crNtzsrBaHero Ha cofiorcKr4s e3uK npe3 2001 r. ce cb3AaBa KrrpuncKa rrrrcMeHa cr4creMa. Ine ro4uurz uoKbcHo ce rroflBflBa coftorcro - 6yparcro- pycKu perrHr.rr. llpe: 2005 r. cofiorcr<usr e3r{K ce BtBexAa B HaqaJrHr4Te KJracoBe.

Mnoro

x.

CPEAHA A3I4q

To:lr peruou ce HaceJrrBa or pelr4ua HapoAr4, HqKou or Kor4To Aocra MHoro6poiruu - y:6exz, Ka3axlr. llpez 1927 r. ce:a6panrea
rr3rroJr3BaHero Ha apa6cKara as6yxa 3a KzraxcKr4.rr e3r{K r{ ce HaJrara Jrarr.rHrrrlara. T.f, ua cnofi pe4 ce 3aMecTBa oT Krrplrn[qara npe3 1940 r. Vfirypcxzxr e,4pyf rropKcKr4 e3rrK, roBopeu or onono 10 Mrr.rrnoHa 1yrnv, rJraBHo n

Ha Knrafi, a raKa cr,rrlo 14 B A$rauucrau. Vfirypcxara

a:6yra ce u:o6perasa oKoro 1937 r. s Cr,sercruq Crlo:, KT,Iero rrpeAnoqrrrar ,qa 3aMeHfr rr,utvHnrJara, HaJroxeHa eAr{HaAecer roAI4Hrr [o-paHo, npez 1926,
pa3HoBrrAHocr Ha Kr4puncxara

Cun4rxn-yfirypcrux

aBToHoMeH pefrroH

rroHexe ce cTpaxyBaT oT 3acIrJIBaHe Ha Bpb3KI4Te Mex(Ay yl{rypl{Te n Typuur. Cre4 uponl:r.rrac{Barrero Ha KoMyHI4crHr{ecKa HapoAHa peny6:rur<a B Krarafi npez 1949 r. pycKrrre Jrr,rurBrrcrrr rroArroMarar ro4uQuqupauero Ha pa3rur{HuTe Ma!'rulrHcrBeHr{ e3rrrlr4 B crpaHara rr BbBenrAaHero Ha ruprz:ruqara. llo ro3lr Har{I{H ruraficrnre yrtrypv c:brlo 3artoalBar Aa Ir3rIoJI3Bar cupun ueqsuuu. Cre4 noraueaHero Ha HanpexeHl{ero MexAy C:reercrrrx C:sro: lr Krarafi, npe: 1959 r. r<urafiuure u:o6perxnar rll{cMeHocrra nuHuH ueq3uqu 3a yr4rypl4Te, Ho HaKpa.{ B:b3CTaHOB.{Bar I43nOJI3BaHerO Ha

133

apa6cKma a36yKa. Klrpunuqara o6aue npo4lJr)KaBa Aa ce rroJr3Ba CrsercKu-{ Crros, a rr Ao rHec e Ka:axcraH.

Kuprusrax, Ka-:axcran lr fonopra ce or oKoJro 50 000 Hocr{Telrr4 Ha e3rzKa. Kuplucra rrr4cMeHocT ce Ir3o6peT{Ba r{ rroJr3Ba B npoAbn)r{eHrre Ha ABe roArrHr4 rr 3a AaypcKra-{ s Kurafi - or 1956 ao 1958 r., Koraro ,r3rrv3a or yuorpe6a, cr,rrlo raro yfirypcrara.

lyurancruar

e3r4K e Bapr4aHT

ua rurafrcr<rzl, rofiro ce roBopr.r Vt6exlrcraH, r,r r{3rloJr3Ba Kr{plrnllqa.

B llalrup cbrrlo r4Ma peAr{rla nralo6pofinu HapoArr or

or rrx otqe H.flMar cBorr rrr4cMeHrr cI{cTeMII BrbIIpeKr4 onI{TI{Te 3a B:bBexAaHe Ha IIUILLHI.dT\a kIIItl Kvpr4rrv\a cpeA rsx (uanpuuep, x:ryr.alrqu), cpeA Apyrr4
r{H,qor{paHcKr4 rrpor,r3xo.q. Fhrcou

(nryrnauqu)

r4Ma orpaur.rqeHo rroJr3BaHe Ha Kr4pr4nr{r\a, a 3a

HarrpaBeHrr rrpeBolrr sa Eeaueenue no Jfyrca ratutLrr\a 14 Knprznr{ua 3a pyrxaHr.rre, BaxaHrlure. Orqe noAo6ulr npeBolr4

ca

Apyrrr

Mofar Aa ce oqaKBar, rr,fi r<aro tr4ucmumymtm sa npeeod ua

Eu6tunma
Ta3H HaCOKa.

(http://www.ibt.org.ru) rpoAbJrxaBa pa6orara crz e

OceeH B pycKa Cpe4Ha A:ru, Ceaepo3anaAeH u Cerepou:rouen Kurafi, Krpunvr\a ce rr3rroJr3Ba rz e MoHrorr.r.r or 1941 t. HacaM OT XANXA MOHTOJII4TE V o14paTVTe (6lu:xopo4crneurz Ha KarTMr{Kure, Kor{To xrzBe-sr e Enponeficxa Pycux.qo peKa Bo:rra).

az6upa ce, BbB BcurrKLI KaBKa3KI{ rr a3varcKtr BapIraHTr4 Ha Krrpr4nvr\ara ce rr3rroJr3Bar cneqraSuuur.r 3Harlr4 3a HfKorr or 3ByKOBeTe B MeCTHr4Te e3lIuri.
P

3.

EbJIIAPI4q

o$uqnalreu IlpaBorruc cne.q Ocno6oNAeur4ero or rypcKa nnacr (1878 r.) ce rrpr4eMa npe: 1899 r. u e Hapeqer u6aHqo6crcu (no ururero na T. tr4saH.ros). Tofi ce
rrF,pBr4rr

B Et.nraprlx

r34

3aMeHr 3a KparKo BpeMe npn yrpaBneHrrero Ha B3HC (1921-1923 ocJle AefcrBa or raKa HapeqeH[q oMapqe7cKu npaBorluc OTHOBO, C neKI{ npOMeHII, AO BT,Bex{AaHeTO Ha KOMyHUCT[r{eCKIit rlpaBonHc rpe3 1945 r., Kofrro e 6nI.I3t'K [o oMapqe1cKut. fIpe3

r.)

I{

1945

r. ce ilpeMaxBar 6yreHre 's I{ 6,

KaKro r4 b, b B Kpat Ha

AyMI4re.

Knpu.rruqara ce rr3IroJI3Ba LI or raray3ure 14 HqKoLI urIraHcKI{ Ar{ErJreKrrrr (n El:rrapran, a cr,IIIo a Crp6ur u Pycux). B r,tzsaroro Aopr.r ucrraHcKr4Te eBper4 e Burapraa { I{3rIoJI3Bar 3a rrr4caHe Ha
e3I{Ka CIr, HapeqeH naAr{Ho.

Bnxno: fpauarlrKa Ha I4saH MoNa'{uJIoB or 1847

http ://www. libsu.uni-sofi a.b g/slavica/rarafontes.html).

(Z:rounur:

BA-[cHo: I{uraucro-6r:rrapcKll.tr peqHrlK aa 9:o;ap Ma:uxos 3aAHara Kopr4qa c Qpazara Et'deme t4acmnu6al (Cnaur<a: I4vau \4nues).

135

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IOTOCJIABAfl

LI

EI,IBIUI,ITE

IOIOCJIABCKI4

PEIIYBJIIIKI4

e3r{KoBeArr rr KHrrxoBHr4ulr rroArrr4cBar B Hosu Caa Kuucrco eu o c nop a3yMeHue, Koero y3aKoH.rrBa paBeHcrBoro Me)r(.4y narr.rHr.ruara il Kupvrv\\Tta B crpaHara. O6a.re Ha npaKTr,rKa caMo usp6ure r43rroJr3Bar r4 ABere az6yxu, AoKaro xrbpBarr4Te v 6ocnenqr.me npeArtorrlrTar Jrarr4 Hr4r1ara. IOrocrascKure a-l6anqu' Kolrro yqar n cp:r6crra yqunuqa, H3rroJr3Bar Kr4p[nr4rlara r4 3a rrr4caHe na a.n6ancnr4 npe3 20 Ber(. Tosa o6a.{e craBa Ha ueo$zqza,rno Hr,rBo. IOroc:ranus ce pa3rraAa oKoHqarerHo npe3 2003 r. r.r HrKoJrKo craBsHcKr4 AT,pxaBrr .f, 3aMecrBar: Crp6ux,

c63AaBa Clp6o-xlpnarcKo-cJroBeHcroro Kpa!.rcrBo, Koero rrpe3 1929 r. ce [periMeHyea s lorocranu.a. llpe:

llpe:

1918

r. ce

1954

r.

9epna ropa, Xr,pnarux, Eocua

Xepqeroeuua, Cloneuua,

MaxeAonus. Cera xupra:rrarlara ce r{3rroJr3Ba B cneAur4Te or r.f,x: Mare4onur, Crp6ux (Hape4 c larunurlara), Eocua u XepueroerzHa (ueoQuriuatrno), r{epHa ropa (e4nonpeMeHHo c rarrauuqara).
OSuqraa,rnu-sr MaKeAoHcKr4 rrpaBorrr4c ce rorBrBa npes 1945 r. Ha crpaHr4rlrlTe Ha BecrHr4K Hoca Maxedouun. C:sepelreuuuxr MaKeAoHcKr{ BapuaHT Ha Kvprrnr4uara e cb3AaAeH or Kpylr Toruee,

f.

Kpylre Kenecrlr, rz BlaNe Kouecr<n. Toft una 31 6yreu (:a pirnrrKa or 6urapcrHre 30) r.r uafi-seqe HanoAo6-gea cpl6crara a:6yxa - rrrrrrrqHr4 3a MaKe,uoHcxara a:6yra ca 6yr<eure S [as]' tr u
qepHoropcKa a:6yxa ce [o;rBsBa npe: 2009 r. rr e cr,3AaAena or Mra:resro llepoerzu, Jfto4uuna Bacr.r:resa u frocun Cutru'r. C Ao6aseuure npe3 201 I r. ABe HoBrr 6yrnz - t u s rs. crbAr,plKa o6wo 32 3HaKa.

llrprara

6. OTJII{B OT KI4PTIJII4IIATA B KpA_fl HA

20 BEK
136

Mnoro ynpaBHr4rlr4 ca ce orrirBuru 4a zalpaurir Krrpr4nr4rlara B pa3nv'rHr BpeMeHa v Ha pa3nurrHr4 Mecra. Ancrpo-YurapcKoro npaBrrreJrcrBo He pBperxaBa Ha crp6ure Aa [rrrxar Ha Kr4pr4nrrqa npes llrpnara cBeroBHa eofiHa. Anre llaserurr npaBr{ cbxloro B Xrpnarux npe: 1941 r. llpe: 1991 r. ce pa3naA Creercrcuqr Clrc: I4 MHO|O KABKA3KI{ I,I CPEAHOA3I4ATCKII HAPOAI4 3AMCCTBAT

vnu [pytkr: a:ep6afi4NaHqrare (npe: 1991 r.), veuenqurc (1992 r.), ys6er<ure (1992 r.), rypKMeHrrre (1996 r.) 14 r. H. HonoacupuficKara Knpr4ncxa a:6yr<a,
Krrpr{JrcKrrre .lrarrrHcKr{

6yrru c

npe: 20-re roArrHr{ Ha 20 eex., e 3aMeHeHa c Jrarr4Hr4ua caMo Aecerr4Ha roAtlnr4 rro-K:bcHo (e4uH or MLrrKoro noAo6uu npurr,repu). Cle.q xaro Eeropycrza craBa He3aBtrcrrMa npe3 l99l r., ce npaB-sr ycvnvs. 3a BT,3paxAaHe Ha 6enopypcrara rarkrHnt\a. EAun or fJraBHr{Te rpo6lelru o6aue e, qe He Moxe Aa ce nocrr{rHe cnopiByMeHl,Ie 3a eAI4HHa npaBonl4cHa cr4cTeMa Ha JraTr,IHIIIIa.
B:r,BeAeHa

Hanocre4m r4 Ka3axcKoro rrpaBrrreJrcrBo rrpaBr4 rrJraHoBe

B:b3BpT,LrIaHe

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Ha naTr{Hr4rlaTa, KaTO Ce npecM_sTaT pa3xoAr4Te r.r nocJ'reAr{unre or noAo6eu xoA. Marap qe MoHtoruvre AHec lurrrar Ha Kt4pvrrtrJa, o@rzquaruo B:b3BpbllaHe Ha crapara MoHro:rcKa a:6yra ce [naHr4pa sa 1994 r., Ho Bce orue He e ocbuecTBeHo, tloHe)Ke [o-cTapr4Te noKoJIeHIIr He MOtaT Aa cBr{KHar c roBa. Tpa4uquouHata as6yrca o6aqe locreneHHo ce BbBexAa B yqunfirqara. flpegn HrKoJrKo roAHHrr Aoprr B Er,rrapza ce roqBu a6cypAuara vrefl. 3a 3aMflHa Ha Kupr4nr4rlara (Aa4eua or aBcrpr4erla Oro Itponllaiinep).

Krrpunr{IlaTa, HI{TO JIaTIIHI{IIaTa, MaKap qe 3a H_f,KOII OT TrX cT,r{ecTByBaT rpaMaT[arHII olIIcaHIIr Ha Krrpr4nr4rla: {3ryJr_{Mur4, 6au6ufiuu,6yayxqlr, xBapIxIrHIII4, euqu (neN4y Apyroro' B H.f,Kor4
r43ToqHurlu, xaro Omniglot, ur^r<ou non3Baurrr KrrpuncKara a:6yra).

Clrqecrnynar pe,{uqa ML,TKtr HapoAr4 Ha repr{TopvflTa Ha 6uenrus, Cseercrrz Crro3, KoI4To He ycnflBar Aa ycBo.rrr Hrrro

or rqx ca npeAcraBeHr4

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llone.rero or

Jacobson, S. A Practical Grammar of Yupik..., nanpnuep, 6rz wato,(etcefircodct'n, C. T> npercmurct'n epeuuQt) u$ nnurc... He e
:rtr clreruno?

7. TPAAT,TqVII'I kt HOB OBbBEAEHr4.g

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Ittikip

TpyaHo e Aa ce Kaxe luur4 n.srofi reH Krrpr4nr{rlara rqe rz3rre3He or ynorpe6a. B narurz AHr4, HapeA c BceKr4AHeBHara ynorpe6a na

edia

(http : //cu.w ikipedia. or g).

Aro [ocerl4Te

fJIaBHara

crpaHl{rla Ha ro3rr cafir, rqe BuAr4Te rI HaArrrrc

IOEPt IIPI,ITI,I Bb

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cbnpoBoAeHo C:b3HATCJIHO upo$anrz:lrpane HA TeKcra. C:sqerana c.rroxeH npaBorrrrc c Kpearr{BHa ynorpe6a na rr4.rroMrt rr KHr{)KoBHr4 r.r3purr4. r{ecro ce ynorpe6xra 3a rr3pa3.rrBaHe Ha HeC:blJIaCue, OCMI{BaH9 Ij.nI4 3a Cs3AaBaHe Ha IIOJILITI4TIeCKa carr4pa. llolo6en xaproH cbrlecrByBa cpeA pycr(ara MnaAex orqe npe: 19 BeK. B eAr4H or poMaHr4re cu IO. Tuusuoe pa3Ka3Ba 3a r.rna4:as. r<Hq: O6oreHcru, r<ofiro flrrrrre rro raK:bB Haqr{H'. ,\apaeou

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138

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eKcrreprrMeHTaJlHo HoBoB:LBeAeHI4e e cb3AaBaHero Ha nonyl{3KycTBeHr4 CJTaB'HCKI4 rr HeCIaB-'IHCKLI e3I4IIU, IrO HaqI4Ha, IrO rofiro e cb3.{aAeH e3uKr,r ecnepaHro (ro:ra e:ur o(fuqualuo ce IIUIII9 C JIaTI4HI4IIa, HO B CT,BTCKI{ BpeMeHa AOpu Ha HerO Ce IIEIIATAT KI{PUNCKI{ TEKCTOBC NOPAAI{ OCKbAIIUATA OT III{ IETUI4 Marxr4Hrr Jrarr4HcKlr 6yrnu). Cnoenucrcu uttu ctoejaucxu e rpyna r{3KycrBeH cJraBrHcKH e3I{K, cr,3AaAeH npe3 2006 pa3nur{HLr crpa:ar4:. On4pefi Pevuzr, fa6plre:r Jrr{HrBr4crr4

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A. CbBPEMEHHI4 IOBOPI4MI CJ'IAB_fl HCKI{ E3IIqII Er,rrapcxu c 1b vareAoso6urapcxn (6tnzapcxu esurcluaxedoucxu jasux) - ABa KHrzxoBHr,r BapuaHTa Ha eIr{H e3rrK c pa3nr.rKn u e rpaSuvnure

I-

cI{cTeMll; 2 - Pycxu Qryccxuu nsurx);

3 - Crp6oxrpearcrlr (3a - cpttcxul3b 6owtuaqrcul3d xpeamcxu j esux);

4pHozopcKtll3c

6ocaucrcu

ulu

4
t4JrLi.

Vxparncxu c 4b

pycrlHcKr.{ Qtxpalucuxa uoealpycuucaxa 6ecida

5 BeriopycKrr c 5b 3anaAnorroJrecr (5e;tap.r-cxtut yr.tett/saxodwwuononicaxa tarmbrpaqbKa eotoda unu j imsj ecra); 6 - llorcru (razwrc nonucxu).
E. KJ'IACI4TIE CKII It I43KyC T B EHI4 C JIABqH CKII E3 l,Iqfl 7 - Crapo6rnrapcru (arce mucrct' m:t xa) r.i 7b - qtpxoeHocJraBrHcr[
BapuaHTA'. pycKr,r, yKpauHcxr.r, h 3b tKb,

py c uH b c Kbd ns wrc) ;

cpt6cru u gp. (qpuxte bHocitor*

HbcKT)

ctaeeuo-cep6cxiu);

8 I4nnpraficxu (wupcrcujesux); 9 - CroesHcnu (utm cnoejctucxu);

10

- C:roero

(aneuo).

IIPI,IJ'IO)I{EHKE 2 - I4HAEKC HA HECJIAB.SHCKITE E3IIUU, I{3 [IOJI3Bd III VMfiI Ir3 rro JT3BA JItr{ KI{pr{Jrr4rIATA3
rrH.qeKcu ca nl4caHx ua anrnrlffcxra e:ur roBa e npuqr,rHaTa 3a HoMepaqr{rTa c JIaTr.IHcKlr 6yrnu H 3a HapyueHurTa B a36yqHlrt peA npa HecjraBrHcKrrre e3rrq[. ' llpn x,racuSrrKa\Ar, o6xeauaula roJrKoBa MHoro6pofiHr.r u pa3n[r{Hu e3l4qu, e Her.r36exHo a uv'a cnyqau, B Kollro eAr{H e3nK e AaAeH c H{KoJrKo or Bapr4aHTr.rre cz (6a,rxapcrll u KapaqaeBcK[, aAnreficKll u xa6ap4uncxu), a B .qpyru cJryqafi noA eAHo r{Me ,ua ca rpy[[paHr{ He cr,BceM 6:rusKu
.4r.ra!rreKTr.r

t Op"a""-,r"Te

(ronarzpcru).
152

11

A6a:uncxu (a6aea 6atsurea); 12 - A6xasKu (,arycya 6usu.taa); 13 AAureficru (adatzs6se uru adutzaSss)
(xt'e6epdeu6se);

c 13b -

ra6ap4uucru

Axsaxcxu (aruv,anlu uuty'u); 16 - A.n6ancrn (na raranaqa: gjuha shqipe); 17 - Areyrcr<u I,tuau,a,w myHW vrv yHayH,au yucyy); 18 - A:rraftcxu (atma mu.,tu) c l8b - KyNlaH.q nucxu (xt'yuaudat ulu m'y6auda4 utu xt1$audu4 vnv KbyaaHduz) u 78c reneyrcKrr (ntadap mut 'tatapc:r<u ezux'); 19 - ApvrEHcrn (apunmmett alam); 20 Acr.rpuficxu lurr HoBoacupui,tcxu (nuuaua d-amypaile uJru ruuaHa
xama);

14 15

Aryrcxu (aztyt vlan);

2l

Asapcru (ttazlapyt uaryI); 22 - Azep6afigxaHcKl4 (a:apSajuau du-ttt); 23 - Banrapcru c 23b - KapaqaeBcKu (n apauai-uaqKbap mut uru
mayny mrm); 24 - Be:ry4xlr (6atyuu utru 6anouu); 25 Eaurrr.rpcxlr (6aruxopm me.te); 26 - By.rryxcxu (6ydad nes); 27 -Bypxrcru (6ypnad rleneu); 28 - 9eqencxa (uoxvttiu .ltomm); 29 - r{yxuu (gwetopaeemqaen ilzu1utilu1); 31

30 - rlynu*rcxu (ruynatuua utu unc mutu);

32

- 9yrar-urcIr

33 34 -,,{yrrraHcxu (xyeis! ynu unn wcyut'nanu rya); 35 - EHerlxr (ouai Sanau);

(udearu ud.txtt); .{aprurrcxN (dapzau uez); {aypcxr.r (c :rarunuqa: Ddwddr Zi)',

eeeHxrficxr (eeedit mypSu); 37 laray:ru (zaeay: dtnu unu zazatsua); 38 fogo6epnucxu (zt uSdanlu nuq4u); 39 Xyn:n6cxr.r (zuouxt'oc uartl); 40 - I{nryurxr (zlanzlaii uomm); 4l hre,rveH cxn (utn tn:r tul: 42 - Kanrnrur ct<u c 42b - oiparcxlr (xrut"ttz xetulc naru:ru\at Oyirad
kelen);

36 -

Esencxu (eeedut tnop3H Enu opatn,nbr mop>u)

c 36b -

153

43 44 45 46

Kercrcu (ocmuLzauua rya'); 48 - Xaracxr.r (xaxac miti); 49 - Xasruhcxu (xaumur nczu); 50 - Xuua,ryrcxu (rcaumu .l,tu4l); 51 XnapmnHcxu (axwaxto); 52 - Ku:rurcru (?); 53 - Kolru-snprHcKrr (rco.rwtt rcwe) c 53b
rcwe);

47

- Kapalrlacxu (rcz,apait mu"nu): - Kapara,rn axcxu (rlapar;atnarg mtL:ru): - Kape:rcru (rcapmau xuenu); - Kasaxcxu (ryasa4 miti);

KoMr.i-nepMsuKu (nepeu xouu

54

55

56 57 58 59 60 61 - lle:runcru (tesztr ulan); 62 -- IluHrsa Spauxa HoBa (rnHzsa Qpauxa uoea); 63 - lluroacrrz (nilemyen rcan6a);

Koprr<cr<z (rtur",ttw.nz'utu or vae"uarcae'); Ky6awtrcxu (alyet 6yzau); Kymarcru (lir.'y.tty.rz., mun); Ktopacru (rcopdu ustu xypuaudcrcu, utru copauu); Kzprr.r:r<r'r (rcurpzws mtutt); Jla4uno I4Jrr.r [rrraHboJrcxu (taduuo); ilaxcr<z (tar<xy aas);

r,t!'II4

paBHrrHeH naapufrcrlr (.xutpt tx uapu tLr,intt oilo.raru 66 - MecxerlrHcKr.r rypcKr.r (a4wcxa mfpxudcu);

64 Mancuicr<ir (uauucu tlln4 -MoaHbcb; c narxHrrrla: mean's'i latyng); 65 - fopnonaapufi.cKu unr4 3arraAHoMapr{iict(lr c 65b - usrounolrapuficrur
uapttit irutltue);
MonroncKu r{rrr4 xiurxa-MoHro:icKrr (uoueon xet); MopaorcKu - ep3-fl c 68b - MoKrrra (epsauu xetal:voxuteua xntt ); Ha:aai.rcxu (uauau); Heru4a:rcxu (ueeuda); Heneqxn (ueue4n' eada u ueuay eatna);

Hra:aacalncnu (Hn')', 73 HuexcI(H (uuaxzl,dttQt utn nt'tteeyzyu); 74 Horaficrpr (uozatt mmu); 75 - Opoucrur (opouu); 76 - Oporcru (yur amo 1: 77 - Ocerlrncru (upou (el3az trrrrl duzopou effiae'); 78 - Polaanu r.rnr4 rrlrraHcKr{ Qtouauu uuu6); 79 - Pyrrr,ncru cr,c 79b MoJrAoBcKa r.rnr{ MoJrAaBcKu r omdnd /t wtda .lrond o 6 eH l,cK:);

67 68 69 70 71 72 -

(c tarunurya: limba

154

- Pynraucxu (c taruuutlal. Rihun ziv); 8l - Pyryncru (uutxla6uwdat qlen unu uutxla6attr); 82 Caaun KrrJrAr4H-caaMr4 c 82b - Tep-caaMr4 (xfitnm cantu xtLt.tlcd,tr r,
80

rcul,l);
Celr<yncr<u (uJdJtbbyMum ambt vrru qy.x4bLttb Wvbrm amut, unu clccy byMum ambL ullll ruotu yyntatm amu, nJru tlh yyltruLm amut); 84 - [lopotu (tuop nnLru); 85 LLIyTHaH cxu (xyzuu - ?, c rlaruuutla xuryun ziv); 83

raTrrHurla: tatarqcr unu mamap mene); c 92c - KpaMcKoTaTapcKu (rctwpatvnatnap mwu) u 92d - KprMrraKcKH (rcupatuuax mwnaur), u 92e ypyMcKrr (ypy, mamu); c 92f - acrpaxaHcrorarapcKu; c 92g ana6yrarcrorarapcrcu u 92h ro6olcrorarapcxu (ce6epmamap men unrr ce6ep men), u 92i - 6apa6uncrorarapcxn (ce6epmamap men wtu ce6ep
men); 93 - Trznrnrcxlr (c laranaqa: Lingit); 94 - I{axypcru (4lalxua uus); 95 - IJ,e:xu (4es uet); 96 Typrrraeucxu (mlpmreu du-tttt); 97 - Tyeancrn (mwea dun); 98 - ToSa.,rapcxv (mot$a dutn); 99 - V6uxcr<u (msa4a5za); 100 VAuscxtt $tduu uys); 101 VAereficru (opouu); 102 - Varrayprcxu $i,uypn1 v61n)' 103 - Ynueucxn (?); 104 - Vfirypcxu $tueypua uru yiteyp munu); 105 - V:6excru (fs5erc mwu); 106 - Bencxn (c:rarunuqa: vepsrin kel); 107 - Borcrcu (c:rarunuua: vadd'aa ceeli); 108 - Baxancnn (xux sux); 109 -{rrio6crlr (nauo1fi sueox); 110 - -Slxyrcrlr (caxa mwna) csc I 10b - AoxraHcKI4 (dyt5au);

Cronzo; (coirwm mun wu myt'ha mutt); Coftorcxu - Ta6acapaucxu (madacapau ula.r); 89 TaANuxcxir (sa66nu moyu*i ustu (topctiu mo1urcu); 90 - Ta.,uuurn (monututa sarcou); 91 Tarcxir (syyu mamu lrJtlr 3ryH napcu); 92 - Tarapcrcu Ka3aHcKr{ TarapcKu c 92b - KperrreHcKr{ rarapcru (c
87 88

86

155

Cu6upcKrr rorrr{KcKr4 ecKrrMocKr4 (yu,asue,uum utru uweyx,az,uum) crc 111b - aJrrcKt4HcKr,r roflr,rKcKrr ecKrMocKrr (c.narlrrrnqa: Yugtun) u lllc - KoAuaKcKr,r roflr,rKcKr4 ecKr.rMocKrr (c natr.ruzqa: Alutiiq); 112 - IOxarnpcKr4: ceBepeu v loxen (eadyw apyylodyn acrcyy).

lll -

156