I HC KHOA HC T NHIN TP.

HCM R N M N M N

---oooOOOooo---

THUT NG ANH-VIT CN BN V CHNG ST V NI T

(n bn Ln II)

BASIC ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TERMS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EARTHING

(2nd Edition)

Bin son: V Hng Cng,

Ch nhim Chuyn THIT K IN HP CHUN

-ooOoo

TPHCM,2012

ooOoo-

Li ni u
Ti liu ny c son tho trong khun kh bin son ti liu cho
chuyn THIT K N HP CHUN ca rung tm in t My tnh, rng i hc Khoa hc T nhin TP. H Ch Minh. Ti liu c hon thnh s tho nhm mc ch kp thi tr gip thut ng cho nhng ai ang c cng nghin cu chuyn su v k thut thc hnh chng st, mt k thut ang c xem l c t ti liu bng ting Vit. Mt s ngi cho rng k thut chng st cn nhiu iu m h. Thc t khng hn l nh vy ! Tiu chun chng st v ni t cho cc cng trnh hin nay ang c nhiu pht trin i mi trn phm vi th gii. Trong thi i bng n cng ngh hin nay, cc thnh phn in t iu khin v truyn thng nhy nhiu ngy cng hin din nhiu trong cc cng trnh. Do cc k thut v tiu chun chng st hin i khng ch a ra cc bin php bo v chnh bn thn cng trnh xy dng m cn a ra cc bin php bo v cho cc h thng in v in t bn trong cng trnh . ng thi cng v mc ch gim thiu nhiu in p v in t, hin nay trong nhng cng trnh quan trng, cc tiu chun mi khuyn dng duy nht mt h thng ni t cho tt c cc mc ch ni t h thng, ni t chng st v ni t vin thng/iu khin. Cc thut ng mi trong k thut ni t v chng st bao hm cc khi nim v bin php k thut mi, cn phi c a ra khng ch di dng tn gi m phi di dng nh ngha. Do hu ht cc mc t c trnh by theo dng nh ngha song ng Anh-Vit. Trn quan im tn trng s thng nht thut ng, cc thut ng ting Vit trong ti liu ny hon ton tng thch vi cc thut ng ang c s dng trong nhng tiu chun chng st, tiu chun lp t in, v tiu chun lp t vin thng hin hnh ca Vit Nam. Cc thut ng mi c ngh trong ti liu ny hu ht c dch theo nguyn tc mt-mt t nhng thut ng ting Anh trong cc tiu chun mi ca y Ban K thut in Quc t IEC v Lin hip Vin thng Quc t ITU. Vic dch mt thut ng mi trong ti liu ny tu n th nghim khc nguyn tc k tha thut ng khoa hc. Ngha l khi dch mt thut ng k p trong c thnh phn l mt thut ng c dch v cng nhn thuc cc kho thut ng khc nh: ton hc vt l k thut xy dng, in in t vin thng my tnh ..,th phi tn trng cch dch truyn thng ca thnh phn thut ng . Trong n bn Ln II ny, ti liu ch gm phn phn tra cu Anh-Vit tr gip cho nhng ngi ang thc hnh v nghin cu c hiu c 3

cc ti liu, tiu chun chng st v ni t bng ting Anh. Phn tra cu Vit-Anh, c trong n bn Ln I c lc b trong n bn Ln II ny, s c hn tr li trong n bn ln III (d kin 2013), sau khi tc gi thu thp c tt c kin ng gp. Ngoi ra cn mt vn thc t l hin nay mt s quc gia c tiu chun chng st ring, khng thng nht vi nhau ng thi khng thng nht vi tiu chun quc t. V d tiu chun v thit b chng s t phng tia tin o ESE, l tiu chun quc gia ca Php v Ty Ban Nha nhng khng ph hp vi tiu chun IEC v Tiu chun quc gia ca Vit Nam Cc thut ng dng ring cho cc tiu chun loi ny c t trong du << . >> phn bit r. Tp sch ny thch hp cho nhng sinh vin k thut, k s v nh nghin cu khoa hc thuc cc lnh vc in in t, vin thng v vt l .., c quan t m n k thut chng st, ni t, che chn v tng thch in t. Tp sch ny c bit gip ch cho nhng ngi ang thit k nhng h thng lp t in in t, v vin thng cho nhng ta nh. Trong tnh hnh Vit Nam l thnh vin chnh thc ca y ban K thut in Quc t IEC nhng cha c phn trong b T vng Quc t v K thut in (International Electrotechnical Vocabulary) IEC 60050, tc gi mong mun gp tp sch nh ny nh l mt phn mn vo cng cuc thng nht thut ng k thut in ca nc nh v nh mt mn qu nh cho mi ngi c quan tm. Xin tr n trng gi li cm n su sc n PGS TS Nguyn Hu Phng ngi thy knh mn lun ng vin, khch l tc gi trn con ng hc tp v nghin cu. ng thi cng xin gi li cm n chn thnh n tt c cc ng nghip, v cc hc vin trong cc kha chuyn THIT K IN HP CHUN cho tc gi nhiu h tr c th bin son ti liu ny. Tc gi mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca mi ngi v nhng sai st v thiu st ca tp sch nh ny./-

V Hng Cng, hungcuongcpc@yahoo.com, 0983809620, www.ttdtmt.com

Above-ground electronic equipment enclosure (AG/EEE)

--

Cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t t ni trn mt t Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t m ton b hoc mt phn c t ni trn mt t. Thit b lp t c th tip cn y t bn trong. Phn loi AG/EEE bao gm nhng cu trc di chuyn c, v cn c nhng cu trc mt phn hay ton b c xy dng hoc lp t ti cng trng. An EEE that is wholly or partially above ground level. Installed equipment is fully accessible from the interior area. The AG/EEE subcategory includes transportable structures as well as structures partially or fully constructed or assembled on-site.

Adiabatic --

on nhit.

Adjacent structure Cng trnh lin k.

Air termination

--

Cc thu st

Mt b phn n ca h thng cc thu s t nh mt kim (thanh) thu st, li thu st, hay dy thu st, nhm tip nhn cc tia st, A single component of air-termination system such as a rod, a conductors mesh, or a catenary wire intended to intercept lightning flashes.

Air-termination system -- H thng cc thu st B phn ca H thng chng st bn ngoi dng nhng phn t nh kim thu s t li thu s t hay d y thu s t tip nhn nhng tia st. Part of an external LPS using metallic elements such as rods, mesh conductors or catenary wires intended to intercept lightning flashes.

Alluvium

-- Ph sa.

Amortization rate - Sut khu hao. Aluminum alloy Hp kim nhm. Annual cost of selected protection measures in p p o v n Annual cost of residual loss i p ng n m i p ng n m n i i p

o tn t t

Annual cost of total loss in absence of protection measures tn t t ng n m i ng in p p o v 5

Arc root area - Vng gc h quang.

Arm's reach -- Tm (tay) vi Vng tip cn tip xc bn ngoi mt im trn mt b mt ni ngi ta thng ng v di chuyn xung quanh x t n gii hn m mt ngi c th vi ti bng tay theo mi pha, khng c h tr. Zone of accessibility to touch extending from any point on a surface where persons usually stand or move about to the limits which a person can reach with the hand, in any direction, without assistance.

Artificial Earth Electrode -- in cc t nhn to in in in tip cc c s dng ring cho mc ch tip t. N l mt vt dn c dng bt k (ng, cc, tm, tia nm ngang...) khng bc cch bn ngoi v c chn trc tip trong t hoc tip xc trc vi t.

Electrode used only for earthing purpose. It is a conductor with any shape (pipe rod plate horizontal radius ) not insulated on outside, and buried directly in earth or being in contact directly with earth.

Attachment point

--

im chm.

Austenitic non-magnetic - (Thp) khong khng t tnh, khong phi t.

Automatic disconnection of supply -- Ngt ngun t ng Ngt mt hay nhiu dy pha tc dng bi tc ng t ng ca mt kh c bo v trong trng hp s c. Interruption of one or more of the line conductors effected by the automatic operation of a protective device in case of a fault.

Average steepness of the front of impulse (short stroke) current - d trung n sn trc ca xung dng (c st ngn)

Tc trung bnh thay i dng trong khong thi gian t=t2-t1.

GHI CH : N c biu din bng hiu s i=i(t1)i(t2) ca gi tr dng ban u v dng kt thc ca khong thi gian ny, chia cho khong thi gian t=t1-t2.

Average rate of change of current within a time interval t=t2t1. 6

NOTE: It is expressed by the difference i=i(t1)i(t2) of the values of the current at the start and at the end of this interval, divided by the time interval t=t1-t2.

Bare steel - Thp trn.

Basic

insulation

--

in chnh

Cch in khi nhng b phn mang in nguy him xem nh cung cp bo v chnh.
GHI CH: Khi nim ny khng p dng cho cch in dng ring cho nhng mc ch chc nng.

Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides basic protection

NOTE: This concept does not apply to insulation used exclusively functional purposes. for

Basic protection

--

Bo v chnh (bo v

n)

Bo v chng in git di iu kin khng c s c. Protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions.

Below-ground electronic equipment enclosure (BG/ EEE) -Cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t t ngm di mt t Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t nm ton b di mt t, tr cng vo, ngun cung cp xoay chiu v thit b iu ho. Thit b lp t c th tip cn y t bn trong. An EEE that is completely below ground level except possibly for an entryway, a.c. power service, and environmental control equipment. Installed equipment is fully accessible from the interior area.

Bolting - Ni bu-lng.

Bond -- Lin kt ng dn nhm cung cp kt ni dn in gia h thng thu st v cng trnh kim loi khc ng thi gia cc phn ca cng trnh kim loi. Conductor intended to provide electrical connection between the LPS and other metalwork and between various portions of the latter. 7

Bonding bar -- Thanh lin kt Thanh kim loi trn , nhng lp t kim loi, nhng b phn dn in bn ngoi, nhng ng d y in lc v truyn thng, v nhng cp khc c th ni lin kt vi mt H thng chng st. Metal bar on which metal installations, external conductive parts, electric power and telecommunication lines and other cables can be bonded to an LPS.

Bonding-bus -- ng dn kt ni Mt dy dn hoc mt nhm dy dn kt ni tm tip t chnh vi cc thnh phn kim loi trong nh trm vin thng. A conductor or a group of conductors for connecting the main earth terminal to metal parts in telecommunication building.

Bonding conductor Dy dn lin kt Dy dn ni nhng b phn dn in ng ri vo h thng chng st. Conductor connecting separated conductive parts to LPS.

Bonding network (BN) -- Mng lin kt Mng ni lin kt tt c cc phn dn ca cu trc v ca cc h thng bn trong (ngoi tr cc phn mang in) vo h thng in cc t. BN nhm che chn nh hng in t cho cc h thng thit b in t v con ngi. Interconnecting network of all conductive parts of the structure and of internal systems (live conductors excluded) to the earthtermination system. BN is intended for electromagnetic shielding for electronic equipment and human beings.

Bound joint Mi ni buc. Brazing Hn thau.

Breakdown voltage (Ub) -- in

p n

xuyn

in p nh xuyn l in p xung nh thng gia cc thnh phn kim loi trong li cp v v kim loi ca cp. 8

Impulse breakdown voltage between metallic components in the core and the metallic sheath of a telecommunication cable.

Building -

Cable screen - Mn chn cp. Cantilevered part of a structure Phn nh ra ca cng trnh. Carboniferous sediments -- Trm tch c carbon.

Cardiac

fibrillation -- Rung lit tim dn n nhiu lon chc

Rung lit cc c ca mt hay nhiu ngn tim nng tim.

Fibrillation of the muscles of one or more heart chambers, leading to a disturbance of cardiac function.

(Lightning) catenary wires - Dy (treo) thu st.

Cathodic protection

--

Bo v (chng) hiu ng ca-tt

Min nhim in ha to nn bng cch phn cc ca-tt ng cch. Electrochemical immunity produced by an appropriate cathodic polarization.

Characteristic impedance -- Tng tr c tnh Tham s chnh xc nh s lan truyn tn hiu in dc theo mt ng dy. Tn hiu ny lun l mt cp ca hai sng chy in p U(t) v dng in i(t), chng lin kt cng v lan truyn cng mt vn tc. Tng tr c tnh Zc (cn gi l tng tr sng) l t s hng gia hai gi tr ny ngha l Zc = U(t) / i(t). The main parameter for defining electrical signal propagation along a line. This signal is always a pair of two mobile waves, voltage u(t) and current i(t), that are rigidly linked and which propagate at the same speed. The characteristic impedance Zc (also referred to as "wave impedance") is the constant ratio between these two values, i.e. Zc = u(t) / i(t).

Clamped joint - Mi ni kp. 9

Class I equipment -- Thit b cp I Thit b trong bo v chng in git khng ch ph thuc vo cch in chnh, m cn bao gm nhng phng tin kt ni nhng b phn dn in h n mt dy dn bo v trong h thng lp t c nh. Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but which includes means for the connection of exposed conductive parts to a protective conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation .

Class II equipment -- Thit b cp II Thit b trong bo v chng in git khng ch ph thuc vo cch in chnh, m cn ph thuc vo nhng d phng an ton cng thm nh cung cp cch in b sung. Khng c d phng kt ni cc phn kim loi h ca thit b n mt dy dn bo v, v khng yu cu d phng trong h thng lp t c nh. Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but in which additional safety precautions such as supplementary insulation are provided, there being no provision for the connection of exposed metalwork of the equipment to a protective conductor, and no reliance upon precautions to be taken in the fixed wiring of the installation .

Class of LPS --

Cp ca H thng chng st

S ch phn hng ca mt h thng chng st theo mc bo v chng st m n c thit k. Number denoting the classification of an LPS according to the lightning protection level (LPL) for which it is designed .

Clamp -- Kp . Clay -- t st . Clay shales -- Clay slates -- p in st . st x m in t t u st in t t u st n gn

Collection area -

Collection area for flashes near a line mt ng dy

Collection area for flashes near a structure gn mt ng trn 10

in t

t u st n

Collection area for flashes to a line mt ng dy

in t

t u st n in t

v o t u in t u

Collection area for flashes to an adjacent structure st n v o mt ng trn in

Collection area for flashes to an elevated roof protrusion t t u st n v o mt p n n n m i Collection area for flashes to an isolated structure st n v o mt ng trn y in t

Combination type SPD -- SPD loi kt hp SPD kt hp c hai thnh phn chuyn mch in p v hn ch in p, n c th biu l tnh cht chuyn mch in p, hn ch in p hoc c hai, ph thuc vo c tnh ca in p p dng. SPD that incorporates both voltage-switching and voltage-limiting type components and that may exhibit voltage-switching, voltage-limiting or both voltage-switching and voltage-limiting behaviour, depending upon the characteristics of the applied voltage.

Combustible materials -- Vt liu d chy.

Common Bonding Network CBN -- Mng lin kt chung Phng tin chnh ni lin kt v ni t hiu qu bn trong mt cng trnh vin thng. N l tp hp nhng thnh phn kim loi ni lin kt vi nhau mt cch ch nh hoc tnh c to nn phn chnh ca mng lin kt chung trong mt cng trnh. Nhng thnh phn ny gm c: thp kt cu hay nhng thanh ct thp, ng nc kim loi, ng lun (thp) ca in a.c., dy dn bo v, gi cp, dy dn lin kt. CBN lun lun c topo li v c kt ni vo mng ni t. The principal means for effecting bonding and earthing inside a telecommunication building. It is the set of metallic components that are intentionally or incidentally interconnected to form the principal BN in a building. These components include: structural steel or reinforcing rods, metallic plumbing, a.c. power conduit, PE conductors, cable supports, bonding conductors. CBN always has network topology and is connected to the earth-termination system.

Common d.c.return power system (d.c. C)-- Ngun dc ng v chung Mt h thng ngun DC trong d y dn v c ni vi mng lin kt (BN) xung quanh ti nhiu v tr. Mng lin kt (BN) ny c th l 11

mt mng lin kt mt li (MBN) (kt qu l ta c mng MBN vi ngun mt chiu ng v chung) hoc mt mng lin kt cch ly (IBN) (kt qu l ta c mng IBN vi ngun mt chiu ng v chung). Cng c nhng cu hnh phc tp hn. A d.c. power system in which the return conductor is connected to the surrounding BN at many locations. This BN could be either a mesh-BN (resulting in a d.c.-C MBN system) or an IBN (resulting in a d.c.-C IBN system). More complex configurations are possible.

Common mode (CM) -- Mt chung in p nh nhau vi tt c cc dy dn trong mt nhm khi o gia nhm ny, ti mt v tr cho trc, vi mt im tham chiu bt k (thng l t). Voltage common to all conductors of a group as measured between that group at a given location and an arbitrary reference (usually earth).

Compact and crystalline sandstone -- Sa thch cng v tinh th. Components of LPS - Thnh phn H thng chng st.

Conductive part

--

B phn dn in

B phn c th mang dng in. Part which can carry electric current.

(Conductive) screen, (Conductive) shield

(US) --

Che chn dn in

B phn dn in gip che chn hay phn cch nhng mch in v/hoc dy dn. Conductive part that encloses or separates electric circuits and/or conductors.

Conductor

--

Dy dn

Phn dn in nhm mang mt dng in ch nh. Conductive part intended to carry a specified electric current.

(Conductor)

continuity fault, open circuit fault -- S c t dy

Tnh trng mt phn t c tng tr tng i ln bt ng hin din gia hai im ca cng mt ng dy. 12

State of an item characterized by the accidental presence of a relatively high impedance between two points of the same conductor.

(Conductor)

continuity fault current --

ng in s c t dy

Dng in trong mt tng tr to nn s c mt lin tc ca dy dn Electric current in fault. the impedance causing the conductor continuity

Connected line -- ng dy c kt ni Connecting conductor --

ng dn kt ni.

Connecting component

-- Thnh phn kt ni

B phn ca H thng chng s t dng kt ni cc dy dn vi nhau hay vi cc lp t kim loi.

GHI CH: Cng bao gm thnh phn bc cu v ming m rng.

Part of an LPS which is used for the connection of conductors to each other or to metallic installations .
NOTE: This also includes bridging component and expansion piece.

Connection -- Kt ni, Mi ni .

Connection current (of F.O.C)Ic --

ng in mi ni(ca cp quang)

Dng in v cp nh nht g y nn h hng chnh c nh gi vi php th nghim kh nng khng dng xung t bin ca nhng thnh phn kt ni. Minimum sheath current value, causing primary failures, evaluated with the test for surge current resistibility of the interconnecting elements.

Connector --

u ni . (Kt cu) xy dng .

Construction --

Contents -- Vt cha .

13

Conventional earthing impedance

-- Tng tr ni t quy c

T s ca cc tr s nh ca in p cc t v dng in cc t, theo cch tng qut, khng xy ra ng thi. Ratio of the peak values of the earth-termination voltage and the earth-termination current which, in general, do not occur simultaneously.

Conventional

touch voltage limit UL -- in p tip x

quy c

Gi tr ti a ca ca in p tip xc k vng n c cho php duy tr khng hn nh trong nhng iu kin v nh hng bn ngoi xc nh. Maximum value of the prospective touch voltage which is permitted to be maintained indefinitely in specified conditions of external influences.

Coordinated SPD system -- H thng SPD theo t

SPD c la chn ng c lp t v xp xp theo ta to thnh mt h thng nhm mc ch gim h hng cho cc h thng in v in t. SPDs properly selected, coordinated and installed to form a system intended to reduce failures of electrical and electronic systems.

Copper coated aluminum alloy - Hp Copper coated steel - Thp m ng. (Electrical and chemical) corrosion

im ng m nhm.

--

n m n (in ha).

<< CORONA EFFECT (CORONA DISCHARGE) -- Hiu ng corona Hiu ng corona l hin tng in ti ch xy ra xung quanh in cc vi mt bn knh cong thp khi n chu mt in p cao. N c to nn bi cc thc electron k tip do kt qu ion ha khng kh theo sau khuych i cao ca trng in quanh in cc. Nhng dng in lin quan trong loi phng in ny thng di 1 MA. The corona effect is the local electrical phenomenon that occurs around an electrode with a low curvature radius when it is subjected to a high voltage. It is caused by successive electron avalanches that result in the ionization of air following high amplification of the electric field around this electrode. The electric currents involved in this type of discharge are well below 1MA. >> 14

Correction factor - H s hiu chnh. Cost of loss in a zone i p tn t t trong mt v ng i p o tn t t n i trong

Cost of residual loss in a zone mt v ng Cost of protection measure Cost of residual loss ---

Chi ph ca bin php bo v.

Chi ph tn tht cn li. -- Chi ph tn tht

Cost of total loss without protection measure ton b khi khng c bin php bo v. Crimping - Ni cun mp.

Current peak value I - Gi tr dng ti Gi tr ti a ca dng st. Maximum value of the lightning current.

Coupler -- Kp- , ng ni Mi ni c / in gia hai nhiu phn ca mt h thng chng st. Mechanical and/or electrical junction between two or more portions of a LPS.

Dangerous event

--

Bin c nguy him.

Dangerous sparking -- P

ng in nguy him

Phng in do st to nn thit hi vt cht trong cng trnh cn c bo v. Electrical discharge due to lightning which causes physical damage in the structure to be protected.

Data line -- ng d liu Cp mang thng tin, phn bit vi in nng.

GHI CH: v d v ng d liu l nhng ng dy in thoi, ng dy iu khin t xa v ng dy tn hiu.

Cable carrying information as distinct from power.

NOTE: Examples of data lines are telephone lines, telemetry control and signal lines.

15

Differential mode (DM) -- Mt vi sai in p ti mt im cho trc, gia hai dy dn khc nhau ca mt nhm.
GHI CH: mt vi sai i khi c gi l mt ngang.

Voltage at a given location between two conductors of a group.

NOTE: Differential mode is sometimes known as transverse mode.

Direct

contact -- Tip xc trc tip

Tip xc in ca con ngi hay ng vt vi b phn mang in. Electric contact of persons or animals with live parts.

Direct lightning current to aerial cables (J) ng st n trc tip gy

--

ng cho cp treo (J)

Dng st nh nht nh vo mt cp treo gy ra mt c phng in xung t. Minimum lightning current which strikes an aerial cable causing a flashover to ground.

Double insulation

--

in kp

Cch in bao gm c cch in chnh v cch in b sung. Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation.

Down conductor -- Dy xung Dy dn ni mt b phn thu st vi mt cc ni t. Conductor that connects an air termination with an earth termination.

Down-conductor system -- H thng dy xung L mt phn ca h thng chng st bn ngoi, nhm mc ch dn dng st t h thng cc thu st xung h thng in cc t. Part of an external LPS intended to conduct lightning currents from the air-termination system to the earth-termination system. 16

Downward flash -- Tia (st)

ng xung

Tia st khi u bng tia tin o (leader) hng xung, t m m y xung t.

GHI CH: Tia st hng xung gm mt xung (c st ngn) trc tin, sau c th l nhng xung (c st ngn) lin tip. Mt hay nhiu c st ngn c th theo sau bng mt c st di.

Lightning flash initiated by a downward leader from cloud to earth.

NOTE: A downward flash consists of a first impulse (short stroke), which can be followed by subsequent impulses (short strokes). One or more impulses (short strokes)may be followed by a long stroke.

Duration of long stroke current Tlong -- Thi gian xung dng c st di Thi gian trong khong dng in ca c st di c tr s t 10% tr s nh lc tng cho n 10% tr s nh lc gim. Time duration during which the current in a long stroke is between the 10 % of the peak value during the increase of the continuing current and 10 % of the peak value during the decrease of the continuing current.

<< Early Streamer Emission (E.S.E.) lightning conductor -n t u st p ng ti tin o (E.S.E.)

Mt thanh thu st trang b vi mt h thng to ra li tin khi ca tia tin o hng ln khi so snh vi mt thanh thu s t n gin (S.R) trong cng nhng iu kin. A lightning rod equipped with a system which creates the initiation advance of the upward leader when compared with a simple rod (S.R.) lightning conductor in the same conditions. >>

Earth , Ground (US) -- t Vt th dn in Tri t nh bng khng. c in th ti mi im c quy c xem

Conductive mass of the Earth, whose electric potential at any point is conventionally taken as equal to zero.

Earth (verb) , Ground (verb) (US) -- Ni t (Tip t) To mt kt ni in gia mt im cho trc trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt thit b, v mt t ti ch . 17

GHI CH: Kt ni v t ti ch c th l: Ch nh, hay Khng ch nh hay bt ng

V c th vnh vin hoc tm thi.

Make an electric connection between a given point in a system or in an installation or in equipment and a local earth .
NOTE The connection to local earth may be intentional, or unintentional or accidental and may be permanent or temporary.

Earth electrode, Ground pole (US) -- in c

t (Cc tip t)

Mt b phn hay nhm cc b phn dn in tip xc mt thit vi t v cung cp kt ni in vi t. (b phn hay nhm cc b phn ca h thng in cc t cung cp tip xc in trc tip vi t v ph n tn dng in s t vo trong t.) A conductive part or a group of conductive parts in intimate contact with and providing an electrical connection with earth. (part or a group of parts of the earth-termination system which provides direct electrical contact with the earth and disperses lightning current to the earth)

Earth electrode resistance -- in tr in c in tr ca mt in cc t so vi t. Resistance of an earth electrode to earth.

Earth fault , Ground

fault (US) -- S c chm t

Xy ra mt ng dn in bt ng gia mt dy dn mang in v t.
GHI CH: ng dn c th i qua mt cch in hng, qua kt cu (v d ct, gin gio, cn cu, thang), hay i qua cy ci (cy to, bi cy) v c th c mt tng tr ng k.

Occurrence of an accidental conductive path between a live conductor and the Earth .
NOTE: The conductive path can pass through a faulty insulation, through structures (e.g. poles, scaffoldings, cranes, ladders), or through vegetation (e.g. trees, bushes) and can have a significant impedance.

18

Earth fault current --

ng in s c chm t

Dng in s c chy vo t. Fault current which flows to earth.

Earth fault

factor, Ground

fault factor (US) H s s c chm t

Ti mt v tr cho trc ca mt h thng 3 pha v i vi mt cu hnh h thng cho trc, l t s gia gi tr hiu dng cao nht ca in p tn s cng nghip pha-t trn mt d y pha khe mnh trong thi gian mt s c chm t nh hng mt hay nhiu dy pha ti mt im bt k ca h thng, vi gi tr hiu dng ca in p tn s cng nghip pha-t c th t c ti v tr cho trc trong trng hp khng c s c chm t nh vy. At a given location of a three-phase system, and for a given system configuration, ratio of the highest root-mean-square value of lineto-earth power frequency voltage on a healthy line conductor during an earth fault affecting one or more line conductors at any point on the system, to the root-mean-square value of line-to-earth power frequency voltage which would be obtained at the given location in the absence of any such earth fault.

Earth fault loop impedance -- Tng tr vng s c chm t Tng tr ca mch vng s c chm t bt u v kt thc ti im s c chm t, k hiu Zs.
GHI CH: Vng s c chm t gm c nhng thnh phn sau bt u t im s c: Dy bo v mch; Cc ni t ca h tiu th v dy dn t; v Vi h thng TN, ng v kim loi; hoc vi h thng TT v IT, ng v t; v ng i qua im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p v dy qun ca my bin p; v Dy dn pha t my bin p n im s c.

Impedance of the earth fault current loop starting and ending at the point of earth fault, denoted by the symbol Zs .
NOTE: The earth fault loop comprises the following, starting at the point of fault: The circuit protective conductor; and The consumers earthing terminal and earthing conductor; and

For TN systems, the metallic return path; or for TT and IT systems, the earth return path; and

19

 The path through the earthed neutral point of the transformer and the transformer winding; and The phase conductor from the transformer to the point of fault.

Earth grid -- Li ni t in cc t di dng hai nhm in cc t chn nm ngang, song song, trong cng mt vng hnh ch nht thng t gn nh thng gc vi nhau, vi cc in cc c ni lin kt ti m i giao im. Earth electrode in the form of two overlapping groups of buried, parallel, horizontal electrodes in the same rectangular area, usually laid approximately at right angles to each other, with the electrodes bonded at each intersection.

Earth leakage current --

ng r

Dng in chy vo t, hay vo nhng b phn dn in ngoi lai, trong mt mch in ang tt (cha h hng).
GHI CH: Dng in ny c th c mt thnh phn in dung bao gm c kt qu do s dng cc t in c ch ch.

Current which flows to earth, or to extraneous-conductive-parts, in a circuit which is electrically sound .

NOTE: This current can have a capacitive component including that resulting from the deliberate use of capacitors.

Earth potential rise (EPR) -- t ng t t.

Earth-return path, Ground-return path (US) -- ng v t ng dn in cung cp bi t, dy dn hay b phn dn in gia nhng b tr ni t. Electrically conductive path provided by the Earth, conductors or conductive parts between earthing arrangements.

Earth rod

--

(t

n ) t c ng thng vo trong t, v tip xc

in cc t dng thanh trc tip vi t.

Earth electrode with shape of rod, driven horizontally into earth and contact directly with earth. 20

Earth-surface voltage (to earth), Ground-surface voltage (to ground), Ground potential (US) -in p mt t (so vi t tham chiu), in th mt t in p gia mt im xc nh trn mt t v t tham chiu. Voltage between a specified point on the Earth's reference earth. surface and

Earth termination system H thng in c tip t

t , H thng in cc

Phn ca mt trang b ni t trong phm vi cc in cc t v ni lin kt gia chng. (Phn ca h thng chng st bn ngoi nhm dn v phn tn dng st vo trong t.) The part of an earthing installation that is restricted to the earth electrodes and their interconnections. (Part of an external LPS which is intended to conduct and disperse lightning current into the earth.)

Earth termination system resistance -- in tr h thng in c

in tr gia mi ni kim tra v t: n bng thng s ca tng in th o mi ni kim tra so vi mt tham chiu xa v cng, v mt dng in p dng vo in cc t. Resistance between the test joint and earth: it equals the quotient of potential increase, measured at the test joint with respect to an infinitely remote reference, and of the applied current to the earth electrode.

Earth-termination voltage -- in

p in c

Hiu in th gia h thng in cc t v t xa. Potential difference between the earth-termination system and the remote earth .

Earthed concentric wiring

--

Dy dn ng trc ni t

H thng dy dn trong mt hay nhiu rut dn bc cch in c bao bc sut chiu di ca chng bng mt dy dn, v d, mt v bo v kim loi n ng vai tr nh mt dy PEN. 21

Wiring system in which one or more insulated conductors are completely surrounded throughout their length by a conductor, e.g. a metallic sheath, which acts as a PEN conductor.

Earthing , Grounding (US) -- Ni t.

Earthing arrangement, Grounding arrangement (US) -- B tr ni t Tt c kt ni in v kh c lin quan n ni t trong mt h thng, mt lp t hay mt thit b. All the electric connections and devices involved in the earthing of a system, an installation or an equipment.

Earthing conductor, Ground conductor (US) -- Dy dn t (Cp dn t) Mt dy dn bo v kt ni cc hay thanh ni t chnh n in cc t. A protective conductor connecting the main earth terminal or bar to the earth electrode.

Earthing-conductor voltage (to earth), Grounding-conductor voltage (to ground) (US) -- in p dy dn t so vi t in p gia dy dn t so vi t tham chiu. Voltage between the earthing conductor and reference earth.

Earthing for work, Grounding for work (US) -- Ni t lm vic Ni t ngt ngun cc b phn mang in sao cho cng vic c th thc hin m khng c nguy him in git. Earthing deenergized live parts so that work may be performed without danger of electric shock.

Earthing resistance -- in tr tip t in tr i vi dng in truyn lan t cc in cc tip t, k c dy ni cc in cc. Resistance to the current propagate from the earth electrodes, composed of all connector and electrodes. 22

Earthing system,Grounding system (US)-- H thng ni t, H thng tip t H thng ton b kt hp h thng in cc t v mng lin kt. Complete system combining the earth-termination system and the bonding network.

Earthing switch, Grounding switch (US) --

Chuyn mch ni t

Kh c chuyn mch c kh cho nhng b phn ni t ca mt mch in, c kh nng khng dng s c nh l ngn mch trong mt thi gian ch nh nhng khng i hi phi mang dng dn bnh thng ca mch in. Mechanical switching device for earthing parts of an electric circuit, capable of withstanding for a specified duration electric currents under abnormal conditions such as those of short-circuit, but not required to carry electric current under normal conditions of the electric circuit.

Effective lightning collection area -- Din tch thu st hiu dng

(Effective) touch voltage -- in p tip xc hiu dng in p gia nhng b phn dn in khi tip xc ng thi bi mt ngi hay mt ng vt.
GHI CH: Gi tr in p tip xc hiu dng c th b nh hng ng k bi tng tr ca ngi hay vt trong tip xc vi nhng b phn dn in.

Voltage between conductive parts when touched simultaneously by a person or an animal .

NOTE: The value of the effective touch voltage may be appreciably influenced by the impedance of the person or the animal in electric contact with these conductive parts.

Electric burn

--

Phng in

Phng da hay mt c quan ni tng gy nn bi mt dng in dc theo b mt ca n hay xuyn qua n. Burning of the skin or an organ caused by an electric current along its surface or through it.

23

Electric contact Chm in Trng thi hai hay nhiu b phn dn in tip xc vi nhau bt ng hay khng ch nh v to nn mt ng dn n lin tc. State of two or more conductive parts which touch each other accidentally or intentionally and form a single continuous conductive path.

(Electric) counterpoise system -- H thng i trng in Dy dn hay h thng dy dn chn trong t, v kt ni in vi nhng ct ca ng dy cp treo. Conductor, or system of conductors, buried in the ground, and electrically connecting the footings of the supports of an overhead line.

Electric shock -- in git Hiu ng sinh l do kt qu t mt dng in i qua mt c th ngi hay ng vt. Physiological effect resulting from an electric current through a human or animal body.

Electrical enclosure --

(Cu trc) che chn in

Cu trc che chn cung cp bo v chng li nhng nguy him tin liu c th xy ra do in. Enclosure providing protection against the foreseen dangers created by electricity.

Electrical system -- H thng in H thng kt hp cc thnh phn cp in h th. System incorporating low voltage power supply components .

(Electrical) tetanization

--

o rt

(do in)

S co li ca c ti a hay gn ti a do b kch thch in.

GHI CH: Mt s co rt c lin tc c c th to nn do b kch thch in lp li nhng thi khong ngn hn thi gian co rt c to nn bi mt tc nhn kch thch n.

24

Maximal or nearly maximal muscular contraction caused by electrical stimulation.

NOTE: A continuous tetanization may be produced by electric stimuli repeated at intervals shorter than the duration of the tetanization produced by a single stimulus.

Electrically independent earth electrodes -- in c in

t c lp v

Nhng in cc t c v tr cch xa nhau sao cho dng ti a nu chy qua mt trong chng khng lm nh hng ng k n in th ca in cc kia. Earth electrodes located at such a distance from one another that the maximum current likely to flow through one of them does not significantly affect the potential of the other(s).

(Electrically) instructed person -- Ngi c hun luyn v in Ngi c c vn hay c gim st bi ngi c k nng v in c th nhn lnh ri ro v trnh c him nguy m in c th gy ra. Person adequately advised or supervised by electrically skilled persons to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create.

(Electrically) protective

barrier -- Ro chn bo v (in)

B phn cung cp bo v chng tip xc trc tip t bt k hng tip cn thng thng no. Part providing protection against direct contact from any usual direction of access.

(Electrically)protective enclosure --(Cu trc)che chn bo v v in Che chn in bao quanh cc b phn bn trong ca thit b chng tip cn n cc phn mang in nguy him t mi pha. Electrical enclosure surrrounding internal parts of equipment to prevent access to hazardous-live-parts from any direction.

(Electrically) protective

obstacle

-- Vt cn bo v (in) nhng khng ngn tip

B phn ngn tip xc trc tip khng ch nh xc trc tip bng hnh ng c . 25

Part preventing unintentional direct contact, but direct contact by deliberate action.

not

preventing

(Electrically) protective screen,(Electrically) protective shield (US) - Che chn bo v v in Che chn dn in dng ngn cch mt mch in v/hoc dy dn khi nhng phn mang in nguy him. Conductive screen used to separate an electric circuit and/or conductors from hazardous-live-parts.

(Electrically) protective screening,(Electrically) protective shielding (US) -- (S, bin php)Che chn bo v v in Ngn cch nhng mch in v/hoc dy dn khi nhng phn mang in nguy him bng che chn bo v v in c ni n h thng lin kt ng th bo v nhm cung cp bo v chng in git. Separation of electric circuits and/or conductors from hazardouslive-parts by an electrically protective screen connected to the protective equipotential bonding system and intended to provide protection against electric shock.

(Electrically) protective separation Phn cch bo v (v in) Phn cch mt mch in khi mt mch khc bng phng tin: cch in kp; hay cch in chnh v che chn bo v; hay cch in tng cng.

Separation of one electric circuit from another by means of: - double insulation or - basic insulation and electrically protective screening or - reinforced insulation.

(Electrically) skilled person -- Ngi c k n ng v in Ngi vi o to v kinh nghim thch hp c th nhn lnh ri ro v trnh c him nguy m in c th gy ra. Person with relevant education and experience to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create. 26

Electrocution -- in git cht in git gy cht. Fatal electric shock.

(Electromagnetic) screen --

Che chn (in t)

Che chn bng vt liu dn in nhm gim s xm nhp ca cc trng in t khc nhau vo trong vng xc nh. Screen of conductive material intended to reduce the penetration varying electromagnetic field into a given region. of a

Electronic equipment -- Thit b in t Nhng thit b truyn thng, nhng h thng vin trc (o lng t xa) my tnh iu khin v o lng, nhng lp t in t cng sut v nhng thit b tng ng c cha cc thnh phn (linh kin) in t. Communication equipment, telemetry, computer, control and instrumentation systems, power electronic installations and similar equipment incorporating electronic components.

Electronic equipment cabinet (EEC) --

Ca-bin thit b in t

Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t, m tt c thit b c lp t trong c th tip cn t pha ngoi v khng phi i vo bn trong. An EEE for which all installed equipment can be fully accessed from the outside without having to enter an interior area.

Electronic Equipment Enclosure (EEE)-Cu trc che chn bo v thit b in t Mt cu trc cung cp bo v vt cht v mi trng cho thit b in t vin thng, v: Ch c mt tng; C din tch nn khng ln hn 100m2; C nhu cu ngun in AC.

A structure that provides physical and environmental protection for electronic communication equipment, and that: has only one level; 27

 has a floor area of no more than 100 m2; has a need for a.c. mains power service.

Electronic system

-- H thng in t

H thng kt hp nhng thnh phn in t nhy cm nh nhng thit b vin thng, my tnh, nhng h thng iu khin v o lng, h thng v tuyn in, v nhng lp t in t cng sut. System incorporating sensitive electronic components such as telecommunication equipment, computer, control and instrumentation systems, radio systems, power electronic installations.

nvironm nt

tor

s m i trng

Equipment transient design level (ETDL)-- Gii hn xung thit k ca thit b Mc xung ln nht cho php mt thit b (ring l) vn hot ng, khng b h hi c xc nh bng th nghim. Level of transients to which a piece of equipment still works without failure, which has been satisfactorily tested.

Equipotential bonding -- Lin kt ng th Kt ni in t nhng b phn dn in h v nhng b phn dn in ngoi lai mt in th xem nh bng nhau. Electrical connections putting various exposed conductive parts and extranous conductive parts as a substantially equal potention.

(Equipotential) Bonding conductor, Equipotential conductor -- Dy lin kt (ng th), Dy ni ng th Mt dy dn bo v cung cp lin kt ng th. A protective conductor providing equipotential bonding.

Equipotentiality -- ng th Trng thi khi nhng phn kim loi u mt in th xem nh bng nhau. 28

State when conductive parts are at a substantially equal electric potential.

Equipotentialization by means of a meshed earthing system -- ng th ha bng h thng ni t dng i.

Equivalent collection area of a structure AE -- Din t ng

t u st tng

Mt din tch phng trn mt t s chu cng mt s lng cc tia st nh cng trnh ang kho st. A flat ground surface subjected to the same number of lightning flashes as the structure under consideration.

Expected total number of persons (or users served) - Tng s k n n vin ( y ngi d ng c phc v). Explosive materials -- Vt liu d n .

vng

Exposed conductive part --

B phn dn in h

B phn dn in ca thit b c th tip xc, n khng l b phn mang in nhng c th tr thnh mang in di nhng iu kin s c. Conductive part of equipment which can be touched and is not a live part but might become live under fault conditions.

External conductive parts --

B phn dn in bn ngoi

Nhng hng mc kim loi tr i di i vo hay i ra cng trnh cn bo v nh ng nc, thnh phn cp bng kim loi, ng cp kim loi v.v n c th mang mt phn dng st. Extended metal items entering or leaving the structure to be protected such as pipe works, cable metallic elements, metal ducts, etc. which may carry a part of the lightning current.

External lightning protection system -- H thng (bo v) chng st bn ngoi Phn ca h thng chng st bao gm mt h thng cc thu st, mt h thng dy xung, v mt h thng in cc t.

29

Part of the LPS consisting of an air-termination system, a downconductor system and an earth-termination system .

External LPS isolated from the structure to be protected -- HT (bo v)chng st bn ngoi cch ly vi cu trc cn bo v H thng chng st bn ngoi b tr theo cch lm cho ng i ca dng st khng tip xc vi cng trnh cn bo v. LPS with an air-termination system and down-conductor system positioned in such a way that the path of the lightning current has no contact with the structure to be protected .

External LPS not isolated from the structure to be protected -HT chng st bn ngoi khng cch ly vi cng trnh cn bo v H thng chng st bn ngoi b tr theo cch lm cho ng i ca dng st c th tip xc vi cng trnh cn bo v. LPS with an air-termination system and down-conductor system positioned in such a way that the path of the lightning current can be in contact with the structure to be protected.

Extranous conductive part -- B phn dn in ngoi lai, B phn dn in ng ri B phn dn in c th chu mt in th thng l in th t, v khng to thnh b phn ca h thng lp t in. Conductive part being liable to introduce a potential, generally earth potential, and not forming part of the electrical installation.

Factor depending on shielding, grounding, and isolation conditions of the line for flashes near a line s p t u n ng iu in n, ni t, v y ng dy i vi n ng ti st n gn ng dy. Factor depending on shielding, grounding, and isolation conditions of the line for flashes to a line s p t u n ng iu in n, ni t, v y ng dy i vi n ng ti st n v o ng dy. Factor increasing the loss when a special hazard is present - H s gia t ng tn tht khi mt mi d c bit tn ti. Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring H s lin qu n n c tnh ca h thng i dy n trong 30

Factor relevant to the impulse d voltage of a system H s in p khng xung ca h thng.

in qu n n

Factor relevant to the performance of protection measures against LEMP H s in qu n n hiu n ng a nhng bin php bo v chng xung. Factor relevant to the screening effectiveness of the structure H s in qu n n tnh hiu qu mn chn ca cng trnh. Factor relevant to the screening effectiveness of the shields internal to the structure H s in qu n n tnh hiu qu che chn ca cc mn chn bn trong cng trnh.

Failure current (for telecom line) Ia -dy vin thng)

ng gy

ng (

o ng

Gi tr nh nh nht ca dng st to nn mt h quang trc tip trn cp v g y nn h hng chnh. Minimum peak value of the lightning current giving rise to a direct arc on the cable and causing primary failure.

Failure of electrical and electronic systems -in v in t

ng cc h thng

Thit hi vnh vin ca cc h thng in v in t do LEMP. Permanent damage of electrical and electronic systems due to LEMP .

Fault -- S c Tnh trng ca mch trong dng in chy theo mt li bt thng v khng ch nh.
GHI CH: iu ny c th dn t h hng cch in hay ni tt cch in. Tng tr gia cc dy mang in hoc gia dy mang in v b phn dn h (hay ngoi lai) ti im s c c xem nh khng ng k.

Circuit condition in which current flows through an abnormal or unintended path .

NOTE: This can result from an insulation failure or the bridging of insulation conventionally. The impedance between live conductors or between live conductors and exposed or extraneous-conductive-parts at the fault position is considered negligible

Fault protection

--

Bo v s c

Bo v chng in git di nhng iu kin s c n. 31

Protection against electric shock under single-fault conditions.

Fibrillation --

Co git, rung lit

S co qup c do cc si c ring l tc ng khng phi hp. Muscular twitching involving Co-ordination. individual muscle fibres acting without

Fire precaution - Bin php phng chy. Fire sensibility - Tnh nhy chy. First long stroke - C st di th nht. First short stroke - C st ngn th nht. Fissiles shales -- p in dip thch .

Fixing component -- Thnh phn c nh Phn ca HTCS c dng c nh (gn) cc phn t vo cng trnh cn bo v. Part of an LPS which is used to fix the elements of the LPS to the structure to be protected .

Flash charge

QFLASH -- in tch tia st

Gi tr c c nh tch phn thi gian ca dng st trong ton b thi gian tia st. Value resulting from the time integral of the lightning current for the entire lightning flash duration.

Flash duration T -- Thi gian tia st Thi gian dng st chy vo ti im nh trng. Time for which the lightning current flows at the point of strike.

Flashes to the side of tall building bn ca ta nh cao.

--

Nhng ti

st n

v o

nh

Floor resistivity - in tr sut ca nn (sn). 32

Foundation earth electrode -- in c

t dng mng

Phn dn in c chn trong t bn di mng ta nh hoc, hay hn na c m trong b tng ca mng ta nh thng c dng mt vng kn. Conductive part buried in the soil under a building foundation or, preferably, embedded in concrete of a building foundation, generally in form of a closed loop.

Frequency of damage (Fd) -- Tn sut thit hi S ln s t nh trung bnh hng nm g y thit hi cho cng trnh vin thng. Average annual number of lightning discharges which cause damage in a telecommunication plant.

Front time of impulse (short stroke) current trc ca xung dng c st ngn

T1 -- Thi gi n sn

Tham s o xc nh bng 1,25 ln khong thi gian gia nhng thi im khi tr s xung t c 10% v 90% tr s nh. Virtual parameter defined as 1,25 times the time interval between the instants when the 10 % and 90 % of the peak value are reached

Function (of structure) --

ng n ng ( a cng trnh) .

Functional earth, Functional grounding (US) -- Ni t ch

n ng

Ni t mt hay nhiu im trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt thit b, cho nhng mc ch khc hn an ton in. Earthing a point or points in a system or in an installation or in an equipment, for purposes other than electrical safety.

Functional-equipotential-bonding -- Lin kt ng th ch Lin kt ng th cho mc ch vn hnh khc hn bo v.

n ng

Equipotential bonding for operational reasons other than safety.

33

Functional insulation --

in ch

n ng

Cch in gia nhng b phn dn in, cn thit cho vn hnh bnh thng ca thit b. Insulation between conductive parts, necessary for functioning of the equipment. the proper

Global earthing system -- H thng ni t ton cc H thng ni t tng ng c to ra bng cch ni lin kt tt c nhng h thng ni t cc b sao cho bo m, bng gn ca cc h thng ni t, rng khng c in p tip xc nguy him. Nhng h thng nh vy cho php phn chia dng s c chm t theo cch cho kt qu mt s gim tng th t ti h thng ni t cc b.
GHI CH 1: Mt h thng nh vy c th ni l to nn mt b mt chun ng th. GHI CH 2: S hin din ca h thng ni t ton cc c th c xc nh bng nhng php o ly mu hoc tnh ton cho nhng h thng in hnh. V d in hnh ca nhng h thng ni t ton cc l nhng trung tm thnh ph; nhng vng th hay cng nghip vi ni t h th v cao th phn b.

Equivalent earthing system created by the interconnection of local earthing systems that ensures, by the proximity of the earthing systems, that there are no dangerous touch voltages. Such systems permit the division of the earth fault current in a way that results in a reduction of the earth potential rise at the local earthing system.
NOTE 1: Such a system could be said to form a quasi equipotential surface. NOTE 2: The existence of a global earthing system can be determined by sample measurements or calculation for typical systems. Typical examples of global earthing systems are in city centres; urban or industrial areas with distributed low- and high-voltage earthing.

Gneiss --

g-nai. i.

Grid-like external LPS -- H thng chng st ngoi dng

Grid-like spatial shield

--

Che chn khng gian dng

Che chn t c trng vi cc l h.

GHI CH: Vi mt ta nh hay mt phng, n hay c xy dng bng cch ni lin kt nhng thnh phn kim loi t nhin ca kt cu (v d nhng thanh ct thp trong b tng, khung sn kim loi v nhng phn chu lc kim loi).

Magnetic shield characterized by openings. 34

NOTE: For a building or a room , it is preferably built by interconnected natural metal components of the structure (e.g. rods of reinforcement in concrete, metal frames and metal supports).

round

Mt t

Ground group -- T tip t Mt hay nhiu in cc tip t c lin kt in vi nhau, c chn trc tip trong t hoc tip xc mt thit vi t. One or several earth electrodes interconnected, burried directly in or in intimate contact with earth.

Gutter

-- Mng xi.

Hazardous-live-part B phn mang in git nguy him.

--

B phn m ng in nguy him n c th g y in

di nhng iu kin no

Live part which, under certain conditions, can give a harmful electric shock.

Hot-dipped galvanized steel Thp m nhng nng. orizont ondu tor y dn ng ng in cc n m ngang . a. ti ch .

Horizontal electrode -Igneous rocks - ni

Immediate mechanical damage -- Thit hi

Impedance earthed neutral system, Impedance grounded neutral system (US) -- H thng trung tnh ni t vi tng tr H thng trong t nht mt im trung tnh c ni t qua mt kh c c mt tng tr c thit k hn dng ngn mch pha-t. System in which device having an circuit current. at least one neutral point is earthed through a impedance designed to limit the line-to-earth short-

35

Impedance to earth -- Tng tr v t Tng tr ti mt tn s gia mt im xc nh trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt thit b v t tham chiu. Impedance at a given frequency between a specified point in a system or in an installation or in an equipment and reference earth.

Impulse charge, Short stroke charge ngn)

Qshort

-- in tch xung (c st

Gi tr c c t tch phn thi gian ca dng st trong mt xung (c st ngn). Value resulting from the time integral of the lightning current in an impulse (a short stroke) .

Impulse voltage -- in p xung in p xung c cc c im c trng theo cch tng t nh dng xung. Impulse voltage has characteristics in the same way as current. impulse

Impulse withstand voltage in p khng xung.

Indicating plate

--

Bin bo

Bin ghi chi tit s lng v v tr cc in cc t. Plate detailing the number and positions of earth electrodes.

Inclined electrode in cc nghing.

Indirect

contact -- Tip xc gin tip tr

Tip xc in ca ngi hay vt vi b phn dn in h thnh mang in trong iu kin s c.

Electric contact of persons or animals with exposed-conductiveparts which have become live under fault conditions.

36

<<

ON A VAN

( ) -- li thi gi n, li khi to

li trung bnh theo thi gian ca tia tin o hng ln ca thanh thu s t phng tia tin o khi so snh vi mt thanh thu s t n gin trong cng nhng iu kin v thu c t php th nghim nh gi. Lng ny c biu din bng s. Mean gain in time of initiation of the upward leader of the E.S.E. (Early Streaming Emission) lightning conductor when compared with a S.R. (simple rod) lightning conductor in the same conditions and derived from the evaluation test. This expressed is s. >>

Injury to living beings -- Tn t ng sin

mng

Tn thng vnh vin, bao gm mt mng (cht) cho ngi v ng vt do in git bi in p tip xc v in p bc to nn bi st.
GHI CH: Mc d mng sng c th b tn thng theo cch khc, trong IEC 62305-2 thut ng tn thng sinh mng c gii hn trong mi nguy him do in git (loi thit hi D1).

Permanent injuries, including loss of life, to people or to animals by electric shock due to touch and step voltages caused by lightning.
NOTE: Although living beings may be injured in other ways, in this part of IEC 62305 the term injury to living beings is limited to the threat due to electrical shock (type of damage D1).

Injury to living beings by eleectric shock -- Tn t ng sin in git. nst tion tor o t in s p t ng dy

mng do

Insulation

in.

IT System, IT system -- H thng (mng) IT H thng (mng) in khng c kt ni trc tip gia nhng phn mang in v t (cch ly); nhng phn dn in h ca h thng lp t in th phi c ni t (ni v t). Electrical system has no direct connection between live parts and Earth (Isolated); the exposed-conductive parts of the electrical installation are to be earthed (Terrestial).

Interconnected reinforcing steel -- Ct thp ni lin kt Ct thp trong kt cu b-tng c xem nh lin tc v in. 37

(Ct thp trong kt cu b-tng, cung cp mt in tr ng dn in nh v c xem nh lin tc v in, c th dng lm mt thnh phn chng st t nhin bn trong mt cng trnh, v d mt dy xung.) Steelwork within a concrete structure which is considered electrically continuous. (Steelwork within a concrete structure, providing an electrical path of small resistance and being considered electrically continuous, can be used as a natural lightning component within a structure, e.g. a down conductor.)

Internal lightning protection system -- H thng chng st bn trong Phn ca HTCS bao gm cc ni lin kt ng th chng st v/hoc cc b tr cch ly vi HTCS bn ngoi. Part of the LPS consisting of lightning equipotential bonding and/or electrical insulation of external LPS .

Internal systems -- H thng bn trong Nhng h thng in v in t bn trong cng trnh. Electrical and electronic systems within a structure .

Interest rate Li sut.

Ionization -- Ion ha Dy qu trnh vt l theo cc ion c to ra. Mt ion l mt nguyn t hay mt nhm nguyn t ly thm (ion m) hay mt i (ion dng) mt hay hn electron bng in phn hay qua pht x, Series of physical processes by which ions are created. An ion is an atom or group of atoms that have gained (negative ion) or lost (positive ion) one or more electron, by electrolysis or through radiation.

Isolated Bonding Network (IBN) -- Mng lin kt cch ly L mng lin kt c mt im ni n (SPC) n mng lin kt chung hoc mt mng lin kt cch ly khc. Tt c cc mng lin kt cch ly u c 1 ng ni ti t qua im ni n.

38

A bonding network that has a single point of connection (SPC) to either the common bonding network or another isolated bonding network. All IBNs considered here will have a connection to earth via the SPC.

Isolated d.c. return power system (d.c.-I)-- Ngun dc ng v cch ly Mt h thng ngun DC trong d y dn v c mt im ni duy nht ni vi mng lin kt chung (BN). Cng c nhng cu hnh phc tp hn. A d.c. power system in which the return conductor has a single point connection to a BN. More complex configurations are possible.

Isolated external LPS

--

H Thng Chng St ngoi cch ly.

Isolated neutral

system -- H thng trung tnh cch ly

H thng trong im trung tnh khng ni t ch nh, ngoi tr nhng kt ni tng tr cao cho nhng mc ch bo v hay o lng. System in which the neutral point except for high impedance connections purposes. is not intentionally earthed, for protection or measurement

Isolating interfaces -- Giao tip cch ly Nhng kh c c kh nng lm gim cc xung dn trn nhng ng dy vo LPZ.
GHI CH 1: Bao gm cc bin p cch ly vi mn chn ni t t gia nhng cun dy, nhng cp quang khng c kim loi, v nhng b cch ly cp quang. GHI CH 2: c tnh cch in ca kh c t thn thch hp cho p dng ny hoc nh qua SPD.

Devices which are capable of reducing conducted surges on lines entering the LPZ .
NOTE 1: These include isolation transformers with earthed screen between windings, metal-free fibre optic cables and opto-isolators. NOTE 2: Insulation withstand characteristics of these devices are suitable for this application intrinsically or via SPD.

Isolating spark gap

(ISG) -- Khe p

ng in cch ly

Thnh phn vi khong cch phng in dng cho vic cch ly cc b phn lp t c tnh dn in. 39

GHI CH: Trong bin c st nh trng, nhng b phn ny tm thi kt ni dn in vi nhau do p ng vi s phng in.

Component with discharge distance for isolating electrically conductive installation sections.
NOTE: In the event of a lightning strike, the installation sections are temporarily connected conductively as the result of response to the discharge.

Isolation

--

Cch ly

t b phn kim loi trong v trn mt cng trnh cch h thng chng st sao cho b phn kim loi ny khng phi dn mt phn ca dng st. Positioning of metal in and on a structure relative to the lightning protection system so that the metal is not required to carry any part of of the lightning current.

Keuper sandstone -- Sa thch Keuper.

Keraunic level (Td) -- Mc keraunic Gi tr ngy dng trung bnh trong mt nm ly t tng s ngy dng trong mt chu k hot ng 12 nm ca mt tri, ti mt trm quan trc kh tng. Average value of thunderstorm days number per year, taken from the sum number of thunderstorm days in an activity period of 12 years of the Sun, recorded at a meteorological observatory station.

Joint -- Mi ni Ch kt ni c v/hoc in gia hai hay nhiu phn ca mt h thng chng st. Mechanical and/or electrical junction between two or more portions of a lightning protection system.

Lashed joint Mi ni Lattice plate Bn Lead Ch.

i.

40

<< LEADER INITIATION PROCESS -- Qu

trn

ti

tin o

Hin tng gia s khi thy vng quang (corona) ln u v lan truyn tip theo ca tia tin o hng ln Physical phenomenon between the inception of the first corona and the continuous propagation of an upward leader. >>

Leakage current --

ng in r

Dng in trong mt dng dn khng mong mun di iu kin vn hnh bnh thng. Electric current in an unwanted conductive path under normal operating conditions.

LEMP protection measures -- Bin php bo v chng xung in t do st Bin php p dng bo v nhng h thng bn trong chng li nhng hiu ng ca LEMP (Xung in t do st).
GHI CH: y l mt phn ca bo v chng st ton b.

Measures taken to protect internal systems against the effects of LEMP (Lightning electromagnetic impulse).
NOTE: This is part of overall lightning protection.

LEMP Protection Measures System (LPMS) -- H thng bin php bo v chng xung in t do st L mt h thng hon chnh ca cc bin php bo v chng li xung in t do st (LEMP) cho cc h thng lp t bn trong cng trnh. The complete system of LEMP protection measures for the internal installations of the structure.

Let-go

threshold

(current) -- Ngng d ng t o t r

Gi tr ln nht ca dng in i qua c th mt ngi m ngi c th t thot ra c. Maximum value of electric current through the body of which that person can release himself or herself. a person at

41

Let-through voltage -- in p thng qua in p nh ti a xy ra trong 100 s ca thi gian p dng sng th nghim (test wave). Maximum peak voltage occuring within 100 s of application of the test wave.

Life hazard -- Him nguy sinh mng.

Lightning -- St St l hin tng phng in c kh, n c th xy ra bn trong tch tri du hoc gia m m y trong qu trnh khai thc, chu tia la km theo ting n trong khng m m y gia hai m m y mang in tch in vi t. Mt cng trnh, tc ng ca s t nh sau:

- Tc ng do s t nh trc tip: l tc ng ca dng s t nh trc tip vo cng trnh; - Tc ng do dng st lan truyn v cm ng: l tc ng th cp ca st do cc nh hng tnh in in t, galvanic... Discharge phenomenon inside the cloud, or or between a charged process, is affected with flash and thunder in the air, occuring between two clouds with opposite electric charge, cloud and earth. A structure, in operation by lightning as:

Affected by direct lightning flash: the effect of direct lightning flash to the structure. Affected by the effects of lightning current propagation and induction: the secondary effects of lightning by electrostatic, electromagnetic galvanic influences .

Lightning continuing current Dng lin tc ca st.

Lightning current

--

ng in st

Dng in chy vo im nh trng. Current flowing at the point of strike.

Lightning current parameters -- Tham s dng st.

42

(Lightning) dangerous event

--

Bin c nguy him (do st)

Tia s t nh vo hay nh gn cng trnh cn bo v nh vo hay nh gn ng dy kt ni vo cng trnh cn bo v, v gy nn thit hi. Lightning flash to or near the structure to be protected, or to or near a line connected to the structure to be protected that may cause damage.

Lightning earth -- Ni t chng st B tr ni t nhm mc ch bo v chng st. Earthing arrangement for the purpose of lightning protection.

Lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) -- Xung in t do St Tt c nhng hiu ng in t ca dng st, qua kt ni in tr in cm v in dung, to nn nhng xung t bin v trng in t pht x. All electromagnetic effects of lightning current via resistive, inductive and capacitive coupling which create surges and radiated electromagnetic fields .

Lightning equipotential bonding

EB -- Lin kt ng th chng st

Lin kt vo H thng Chng st ca nhng b phn dn in ng ri, bng cch dng nhng kt ni dn in trc tip hay qua nhng SPD gim hiu s in th to nn bi dng st. Bonding to LPS of separated conductive parts, by direct connections or via surge protective devices (SPDs), to reduce potential differences caused by lightning current.

(Lightning) flash density

NG -- Mt st

Mt st l s ln s t nh xung mt n v din tch mt t trong mt nm (ly bng 1 km2). Yearly number of lightning flashes to ground per area unit (1km).

Lightning flash near a line

--

st n

gn mt ng dy

Tia s t nh vo ni gn mt ng dy kt ni vo mt cu trc cn bo v v n c th gy ra nhng qu p nguy him. 43

Lightning flash striking close enough to a line connected to the structure to be protected that it may cause dangerous overvoltages

Lightning flash near a structure --

st n

gn mt cu trc

Tia s t nh vo ni gn mt cu trc cn bo v v n c th gy ra nhng qu p nguy him. Lightning flash striking close enough to a structure to be protected that it may cause dangerous overvoltages .

Lightning flash near an object --

st n

gn mt vt th

Tia s t nh vo ni gn mt vt th cn bo v v n c th gy ra nhng qu p nguy him. Lightning flash striking close enough to an object to be protected that it may cause dangerous overvoltages.

Lightning flash to a line --

st n

v o ng dy

Tia s t nh vo mt ng dy kt ni vo mt cu trc cn c bo v. Lightning flash striking a line connected to the structure to be protected .

Lightning flash to a structure --

st n

v o

u trc

Tia s t nh vo mt cu trc cn bo v. Lightning flash striking a structure to be protected .

Lightning flash to an object

--

st n

v o mt vt th

Tia s t nh vo mt vt th cn bo v. Lightning flash striking an object to be protected .

Lighning flash (to earth) -- Tia st (xung t) Hin tng phng in c ngun gc kh quyn gia m y v t gm c mt hay nhiu c st.

44

Electrical discharge of atmospheric origin between cloud and earth consisting of one or more strokes.

Lightning impulse current -- Dng xung st Xung dng in di tn s thp, xut hin khng c chu k nht nh, tng vt n gi tr nh, ri gim xung n gi tr khng. Cc c trng ca dng xung st l: - Gi tr nh (bin ) xung, I; - Thi gian sn trc (n gi tr nh), T1; - Thi gian n gi tr gia (trn sn sau), T2; - Dng sng dng xung, T1/T2. Impulse current of low frequencies band, appears in unspecified period, rises up to peak value,then reduce to zero. Characteristics of it are: Peak value (amplitude) of Front time to peak value, Time to half value on the Wave shape of the impulse (LP) -impulse; T1; tail, T2; current, T1/T2 .

Lightning protection

(Bo v) chng st

H thng ton b bo v cng trnh chng st, bao gm nhng h thng bn trong v vt cha cng nh con ngi, ni chung gm c H thng chng st (LPS) v Bin php bo v chng xung t bin (SPM) Complete system for protection of structures against lightning, including their internal systems and contents, as well as persons, in general consisting of an LPS and SPM.

Lightning protection designer --

Ngi thit k chng st

Chuyn gia thng tho v c k nng thit k h thng chng st. Specialist competent and skilled in the design of the LPS.

Lightning protection installer -- Ngi lp t chng st Ngi thng tho v c k nng lp t h thng chng st. Person competent and skilled in the installation of the LPS.

45

Lightning protection level

(LPL) -- Mc bo v chng st

L con s lin quan n mt tp hp cc tham s dng s t tng ng vi xc sut m cc gi tr thit k ln nht v nh nht s khng b vt qu trong hin tng s t nh t nhin. GHI CH: Mc bo v chng s t c dng thit k nhng bin php bo v da theo tp hp tham s ca dng st. Number related to a set of lightning current parameters relevant to the probability that the associated maximum and minimum design values will not be exceeded in naturally occurring lightning . NOTE: Lightning protection level is used to design protection measures according to the relevant set of lightning current parameters.

Lightning Protection System LPS -- H thng (bo v) chng st L mt h thng hon chnh c dng lm gim cc thit hi vt cht do s t nh vo cng trnh.
GHI CH: N gm c c h thng chng st ngoi v trong.

Complete system used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a structure.
NOTE: It consists of both external and internal lightning protection systems.

Lightning protection zone (LPZ) -- Vng bo v chng st Vng trong mi trng in t ca s t c xc nh. GHI CH: nhng bin ca mt vng bo v chng st LPZ khng cn phi trng vi bin ca vt th (v d: tng, sn, trn). Zone where the lightning electromagnetic environment is defined . NOTE: The zone boundaries of an LPZ are not necessarily physical boundaries (e.g. walls, floor and ceiling).

Lightning protective cable

--

Cp c bo v chng st

Cp c bit c bn in mi tng cng, v kim loi ca n tip xc vi t, hoc trc tip hoc bng cch dng v bc nha dn in. Special cable with increased dielectric strength, whose metallic sheath is in continuous contact with the soil either directly or by the use of conducting plastic covering.

46

Lightning protective cable duct -- ng cp chng st ng cp tip xc in tr thp vi t. VD: ng cp kim loi gia cng bng b tng vi thp kt cu lin kt Cable duct of low resistivity in contact with the soil . EXAMPLE: metallic duct interconnected with structural steel reinforcements of concrete.

Lightning risk -- Ri ro st .

<< LIGHTNING ROD -- Kim thu st (thanh chng st) Cc thu st dng thanh i khi gi l thanh chng st Franklin, c chiu cao thc t t 2 n 6m. Rod air-termination, sometimes referred to as Franklin rod, has a practical height of 2 to 6 metres. >>

Lighning strike --

st n

trng

Mt tia s t nh trng mt cu trc. Lightning flash attatching to a structure.

Lightning stroke

--

C st

Phn ca tia s t tng ng vi mt xung dng. Part of the lightning flash which corresponds to an impulse current.

Lightning thread -- Him ha st .

Limited-current source -- Ngun (hn) dng Thit b cung cp in nng cho mt mch in: - Vi dng trng thi n nh v in tch c gii hn n mc khng nguy him, v - c trang b cch ly bo v in gia ng ra thit b v bt k b phn mang in nguy him no. Device supplying electric energy to an electric circuit: 47

- with a steady-state current and non-hazardous levels, and

an

electric charge

limited

to

- equipped with electrically protective separation between the output of the device and any hazardous-live-part.

Line -- ng dy, ng dn ng ngun hay ng vin thng kt ni vi cng trnh cn bo v. Power line or telecommunication line connected to the structure to be protected .

Line type ng dy

tor or o mt M A

V LV tr ns orm r on t in rung t trn ng dy

oi

Line-to-earth short-circuit -- Ngn m

Ngn mch gia mt d y pha v t, trong mt h thng trung tnh ni t cng hay trong mt h thng trung tnh ni t tng tr.
GHI CH: Dng ngn mch c th c thit lp, v d, qua mt dy dn t v mt in cc t.

Short-circuit between a line conductor and the Earth, in a solidly earthed neutral system or in an impedance earthed neutral system
NOTE: The short-circuit can be established, for example, earthing conductor and an earth electrode. through an

Line-to-earth voltage, Line-to-ground voltage (US) -- in p pha-t in p gia mt d y pha v t tham chiu ti mt im cho trc ca mt mch in. Voltage between a line conductor and reference earth at a given point of an electric circuit.

Line-to-line short-circuit -- Ngn mch pha-pha Ngn mch gia hai hay nhiu dy pha, kt hp hay khng vi ngn mch pha-t ti cng mt im. Short-circuit between two or more line conductors, combined or with a line-to-earth short- circuit at the same place. not

48

Line-to-line

voltage -- in p phapha

in p gia hai dy pha ti mt im cho trc ca mt mch in. Voltage between two line conductors at a given point of an electric circuit.

Line-to-neutral voltage -- in p pha-trung tnh in p gia mt dy pha v dy trong tnh ti mlt im cho trc ca mt mch in. Voltage between a line conductor and the neutral conductor at a given point of an AC circuit.

Live part

--

B phn m ng in

Dy dn hoc b phn dn in ch nh c cp in trong s dng bnh thng, bao gm d y trung tnh nhng theo quy c, khng phi l dy PEN. Conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal use, including a neutral conductor but, by convention, not a PENconductor.

Local Area Network (LAN) -- Mng cc b H thng truyn thng d liu, h tr cc Lp (layers) 1 v 2 ca Mu chun ISO (ISO Reference Model) cho cc kt ni nhng H thng M (Open Systems), c phm vi gia 2 u cui (end-to-end) ln n 1km, v c tnh nng vn hnh h tr thng qua cho d liu kt hp (aggregate data) nh yu cu ca cc trm (thit b u cui). Data communications system supporting layer 1 and 2 of the ISO Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnections, having a geographic coverage up to 1 km end-to-end and possessing sufficient performance to support the aggregate data throughput required by stations (data terminal equipment) being used.

(Local) earth , (Local) ground (US) -- t ti ch Phn ca t tip xc vi mt in cc t v in th ca n khng nht thit bng khng. Part of the Earth which is in electric contact with an earth electrode and the electric potential of which is not necessarily equal to zero.

49

Lo

tion

tor tor o .

s v tr n d nt stru tur s v tr mt ng

Lo tion trn in

Log book -- S ghi S ghi nhng kt qu v bo co o th v kim tra nh k ca mt h thng lp t chng st. A book logged in it results and reports of periodic tests and checks of a lightning protection system.

Long stroke

--

C st di

Phn ca tia st ng vi mt dng lin tc.

GHI CH: di xung ny Tlong (t tr s 10% ca sn trc n tr s 10% ca ui xung) tiu biu t hn 2ms n khng qu 1s.

Part of the lightning flash which corresponds to a continuing current.

NOTE: The duration time TLONG ( Time from 10% value on the front to the 10% value on the tail) of this continuing current is typically more than 2 ms and less then 1s.

Long stroke charge Qlong

-- in tch c st di

Gi tr c c t tch phn thi gian ca dng st trong mt c st di. Value resulting from the time integral of the lightning current in a long stroke .

Loss, Mean (relative) amount of loss, Expected loss per damage (Lxi) - Tn tht, Trng s tn tht, Tn tht k vng vi mi thit hi (Lxi) Lng trung bnh tng i tn tht i vi m i thit hi (bin c nguy him) gy nn bi mt tia st. Gi tr Lxi thay i vi loi tn tht: Lx1: Lx2: Lx3: Lx4: Tn Tn Tn Tn tht tht tht tht nhn mng; dch v cng cng; di sn vn ha; gi tr kinh t.

50

Mean relative amount of loss per damage (dangerous event) caused by a lightning flash. The Loss value Lxi varies with the type of loss: Lx1: Lx2: Lx3: Lx4: Loss Loss Loss Loss of of of of human life; public service; cultural heritage; economic values.

Loss of social value -- Tn tht gi tr x hi .

Magnetic shield (screen)

--

Che chn t

Mn chn bng kim loi bc kn, dng li hoc lin tc, bao bc cng trnh cn bo v, hay mt phn ca n dng gim cc h hng ca nhng h thng in v in t. Closed metallic, grid-like or continuous screen enveloping the structure to be protected, or part of it, used to reduce failures of electrical and electronic systems.

Main earth terminal (MET), Main earth bar (MEB), Main earthing terminal, Main earthing busbar, Main grounding terminal (US), Main grounding busbar (US) --- Cc ni t chnh (MET), Thanh ni dt chnh (MEB) Cc hay thanh l mt phn ca b tr ni t ca mt h thng lp t v cho php kt ni in cho mt s dy dn cho nhng mc ch ni t. Terminal or busbar which is part of the earthing arrangement of an installation and enabling the electric connection of a number of conductors for earthing purposes .

Maintenance rate Sut bo dng. Malfunction -- Vn hnh sai. Marble - o ng.

Marls -- t st vi. (Lightning) meshed conductors -Mean radius Bn knh trung bnh. Meshed earthing system -- H thng ni t dng 51 i . Li thu st.

Mesh Bonding Network (MBN) -- Mng lin kt mt

Mng lin kt m tt c cc khung thit b, gi , cabin, v thng thng, d y dng ca ngun mt chiu, c ni lin kt vi nhau ng thi vi mng lin kt chung (CBN) ti nhiu im. Kt qu l mng lin kt mt li MBN lm tng cng Mng lin kt chung CBN. Bonding network in which all associated equipment frames, racks and cabinets, and usually, the d.c. power return conductor, are bonded together as well as at multiple points to the CBN. Consequently, the mesh-BN augments the CBN.

Mesh Isolated Bonding Network (M-IBN) -- Mng lin kt cch ly mt i Mng lin kt cch ly m trong cc thnh phn ca n nhau to thnh mt cu trc dng mt li. c ni vi

A type of IBN in which the components of the IBN (e.g. equipment frames) are interconnected to form a mesh-like structure.

Mesh method P ng p Mesh size, mesh width

i. t i, rng i.

-- K

Metal installations -- Lp t kim loi Nhng hng mc kim loi ko di vo cng trnh cn bo v n c th to nn mt ng dn cho dng s t nh ng nc, cu thang, ray dn hng thang my, cc ng gi, si v iu ha khng kh, ct thp lin kt, Nhng phn thp kt cu. Extended metal items in the structure to be protected which may form a path for lightning current, such as pipework, staircases, elevator guide rails, ventilation, heating and air-conditioning ducts, interconnected reinforcing steel, structural metal parts

Mid-point --

im gia

im chung gia hai thnh phn mch i xng m hai im i din ca n c kt ni in n hai dy pha khc nhau ca cng mt mch. Common point between two symmetrical circuit elements the opposite ends of which are electrically connected to different line conductors of the same circuit.

52

Mid-point conductor --

y im gia

Dy kt ni in v im gia v c kh nng gp phn vo vic phn phi in nng. Conductor electrically connected to the mid-point and capable of contributing to the distribution of electric energy.

Mild steel

-- Thp mm.

Multi grounded (earthed) Neutral power line, MEN power line - ng in rung t n ip , ng ngun c Trung tnh Ni t im, ng ngun MEN.

Multiple stroke (lightning flash) -- Tia st nhiu c Tia st gm c trung bnh t 3 n 4 c st, vi khong cch thi gian tiu biu gia chng chng 50ms.
GHI CH: c nhng bo co v tia st gm vi chc c st, vi khong cch thi gian gia chng t 10ms n 250ms.

Lightning flash consisting on average of 3 or 4 strokes, with typical time intervals between them of about 50ms.
NOTE: Events having up to a few dozen strokes with intervals between them ranging from 10 ms to 250 ms have been reported.

Mutual inductance -- in cm tng

Tnh cht ca mt mch theo mt in p c cm ng trong mt mch vng bi mt dng in bin thin trong mt dy dn ring bit khc. Property of a circuit whereby a voltage is induced in a loop by a changing current in a separate conductor.

Natural component of LPS -- Thnh phn t nhin ca H thng chng st Nhng thnh phn c tnh dn in, khng dng ring cho h thng chng s t (HTCS) m c dng thm cho HTCS, hoc trong mt s trng hp c th cung cp chc nng cho mt hay nhiu phn ca HTCS.
GHI CH: Nhng v d ca thut ng ny bao gm: Cc thu st t nhin; Dy xung t nhin; in cc t t nhin.

53

Conductive component installed not specifically for lightning protection which can be used in addition to the LPS or in some cases could provide the function of one or more parts of the LPS.
NOTE: Examples of the use of this term include:

natural air-termination; natural down-conductor; natural earth electrode.

Neutral conductor --

Dy trung tnh

Dy dn ni im trung tnh ca mt h thng v c kh nng gp phn vo vic truyn dn nng lng in; trong BS 7671 thut ng cng ch dy dn tng ng ca mt h thng IT hoc DC tr khi c xc nh khc. Conductor connected to the neutral point of a system and capable of contributing to the transmission of electrical energy; the term also means the equivalent conductor of an IT or d.c. system unless otherwise specified in BS 7671.

Natural Earth Electrode -- in c

t t nhin

Cc b phn bng kim loi ca cng trnh c tip xc trc tip vi t v c s dng cho mc ch tip t. Metalworks of the building in contact directly with earth and used for earthing purpose.

Neutral-point tnh

displacement voltage -- in p dch chuyn im trung

in p gia im trung tnh thc hoc o so vi t tham chiu, trong mt h thng nhiu pha. Voltage between the real or virtual neutral point and reference earth, in a polyphase system.

Neutral point

treatment -- Ni trung tnh

Cch thc kt ni in ca im trung tnh v t. Manner of electric connection of the neutral point to reference earth.

54

Node -- Nt im trn mt ng dy t tr i s lan truyn xung t bin c th xem nh khng ng k.

GHI CH: Nhng v d v nt l mt im trn mt phn phi nhnh ca ng dy ti in ti mt my bin p Trung/H th hoc mt trm ph, mt tng i vin thng hay mt thit b (ngha l thit b ghp knh hay xDSL) trn mt ng dy vin thng.

Point on a line from which onward surge propagation can be assumed to be neglected.
NOTE: Examples of nodes are a point on a power line branch distribution at an HV/LV transformer or on a power substation, a telecommunication exchange or an equipment (e.g. multiplexer or xDSL equipment) on a telecommunication line.

Nominal voltage

-- in

p d n

nh

in p theo mt h thng lp t (hay mt phn ca h thng lp t) c thit k.

GHI CH: Nhng dy in p danh nh sau y (gi tr hiu dng a.c.) c xc nh: a- in p cc thp: khng qu 50V a.c. hoc 120 V d.c. khng dn sng, gia dy vi dy hoc vi t; b- H p (in p thp): cao hn in p cc thp nhng khng qu 1.000V a.c. hoc 1.500V d.c., gia dy vi dy, hay khng qu 600V a.c hoc 900V d.c.gia dy vi t; c- Cao p (in p cao): cao hn 1.000 V a.c. hoc 1.500 V d.c. gia dy vi dy, hay cao hn 600V a.c hoc 900V d.c.gia dy vi t; in p thc t ca mt h thng lp t c th khc gi tr danh nh mt lng trong dung sai chun nh.

Voltage by which an installation (or part of an installation) is designated .

NOTE: The following ranges of nominal voltage (r.m.s. values for a.c.) are defined: a- Extra-low normally not exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple free d.c., whether between conductors or to earth; b- Low normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. between conductors, or 600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. between conductors and earth; c- High exceeding 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. between conductors, or 600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. between conductors and earth .

55

The actual voltage of the installation can differ from the nominal value by a quantity within normal tolerances.

Non-conducting environment -- M i trng khng dn in D phng ni mt ngi hay ng vt tip xc mt b phn dn in h tr nn c in nguy him s c bo v bng mi trng tng tr cao xung quanh i tng (v d tng hay nn cch in) v bng cch trnh xa cc b phn dn ni t. Provision whereby a person or an animal touching an exposedconductive-part that has become hazardous-live is protected by the high impedance of his environment (e.g. insulating walls and floors) and by the absence of earthed conductive parts.

Non-isolated LPS

--

HTCS khng cch ly.

Number of dangerous events per annum -- S bin c nguy him h ng n m

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a line nguy him do st n gn mt ng dy

NI -- S bin c

S trung bnh k vng hng nm ca nhng bin c do nhng tia s t nh gn mt ng dy. Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning flashes near a line .

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a structure NM -- S bin c nguy him do st n gn mt cng trnh S trung bnh k vng hng nm ca nhng bin c do nhng tia s t nh gn mt cng trnh Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning flashes near a structure.

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a line NL -- S bin c nguy him do st n v o mt ng dy S trung bnh k vng hng nm ca nhng bin c do nhng tia s t nh vo mt ng dy. Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning flashes to a line . 56

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a structure ND -- S bin c nguy him do st n v o mt cng trnh S trung bnh k vng hng nm ca cc bin c do nhng tia s t nh vo mt cng trnh. Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning flashes to a structure.

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a telecommunication line NL -- S bin c nguy him do st n v o mt ng dy vin thng S trung bnh k vng hng nm cc bin c nguy him do nhng tia st nh vo mt dng dy dch v. Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning flashes to a service line.

Number of possible endangered persons (victims or users not served) S ngi c th b nguy him (nn n n y ngi d ng ng c phc v).

Object to be protected -- i tng cn bo v Ta nh hay dch v cn c bo v chng nhng hiu ng ca st. Structure or service to be protected against the effects of lightning.

Occupant and contents --

dn v vt cha .

Ordinary person -- Ngi

t ng

Ngi khng phi l ngi c k nng cng khng phi l ngi c hun luyn. Person who is neither a skilled person nor an instructed person.

Overhead earth wire, Overhead ground wire (US) --

y t treo

Dy dn ni t ch nh ti mt s hay tt c cc ct ca mt ng d y treo n thng nhng khng nht thit c lp t pha trn cc dy dn ca ng dy.

57

Conductor intentionally earthed at some or all supports of an overhead line, which is generally but not necessarily installed above the line conductors.

Parallel-earthing-conductor, Parallel-grounding-conductor (US) Dy dn t song song

--

Dy dn thng t dc theo tuyn cp cung cp mt kt ni tng tr thp gia b tr ni t 2 u ca tuyn cp. Conductor usually laid along the cable route to provide a low impedance connection between the earthing arrangements at the ends of the cable route.

Partial (conductor) continuity fault current -dy ring phn

ng in s c t

Dng in ti mt im cho trc ca mt mng do kt qu t mt s c mt lin tc dy dn ti mt im khc trong cng mt mng. Electric current at a given point of a network and resulting from a conductor continuity fault at another point of the same network.

Partial short-circuit current --

ng in ngn mch ring phn

Dng in ti mt im ca mt mng kt qu do mt ngn mch ti mt im khc trong cng mt mng. Electric current at a given point of a network resulting from a shortcircuit at another point of the same network.

Peak value

I -- Gi tr nh

Gi tr ti a ca dng in st. The maximum value of lightning current.

PEL conductor -- Dy PEL Dy dn kt hp c chc nng d y dn ni t bo v v dy pha. Conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a line conductor.

58

PEM conductor -- Dy PEM Dy dn kt hp c chc nng d y dn ni t bo v v d y im gia. Conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a mid-point conductor.

PEN conductor -- Dy PEN Dy dn kt hp c chc nng ca dy dn ni t bo v v dy dn trung tnh. Conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor .

Perception-threshold-current -- Ngng dng cm nhn c Gi tr ti thiu ca dng in i qua c th mt ngi hay mt ng vt gy ra mt cm gic no cho ngi hay ng vt . Minimum value of electric current through the body of a person or animal which causes any sensation for that person or animal.

Physical damage -- Thit hi vt cht Thit hi i vi mt cng trnh (hay vt cha ca n) do nhng hiu ng c nhit, ha, hay n ca st. Damage to a structure (or to its contents) due to mechanical, thermal, chemical and explosive effects of lightning .

Physical restriction -- Hn ch li gn.

Point of strike (impact point) -- im n

trng (v

im ni tia s t nh trng mt t, hoc nhng i tng nh cao d cng trnh, h thng chng s t ng dy, cy ci v.v ).
GHI CH: Mt tia st c th c nhiu hn mt im nh trng.

Point where a lightning flash strikes the earth, or protruding structure (e.g. structure, LPS, line, tree, etc.)
NOTE: A lightning flash may have more than one point of strike.

Porous limestone --

v i xp . 59

Porous sandstone -- Sa thch xp .

Portable equipment -- Thit b di ng (Thit b xch tay) Thit b in c di chuyn trong khi ang vn hnh hay, n c th c di chuyn t mt ni ny n ni khc trong khi ang ni vi ngun in. Electrical equipment which is moved while in operation or which can easily be moved from one place to another while connected to the supply.

Positioning of air-termination components phn thu st.

--

nh v cho nhng thnh

Potential gradient --

r di nt in th

Hiu s in th m i n v chiu di o ti im theo chiu n c gi tr ln nht. Potential difference per unit length measured at that point in the direction in which it is a maximum.

Power line -- ng ngun, ng dy in ng dy phn phi cp in nng vo mt cng trnh cp nng cho thit b in v in t t nh l nhng ngun chnh h th (HT) hay trung th (TT). Distribution line feeding electrical energy into a structure to power electrical and electronic equipment located there, such as low voltage (LV) or high voltage (HV) electric mains .

(Power) system earthing,(Power) system grounding(US) -Ni t h thng Ni t chc nng v ni t bo v ca mt im hay nhiu im trong mt h thng ngun in. Functional earthing and protective earthing of a point or points in an electric power system.

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Primary failure --

ng chnh

Thit hi gy nn bi mt tia s t nh trng mt ng dy vin thng gy hu qu gin on dch vu. Damage caused by a lightning strike in a telecommunication line that has as consequence the interruption of service.

Probability of damage

PX -- Xc sut thit hi

Xc sut m mt bin c nguy him s gy nn thit hi cho mt cng trnh cn bo v Probability that a dangerous event will cause damage to or in the structure to be protected.

Probability of damage relevant to a structure -- Xc sut thit hi pht sinh cho mt cng trnh. Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to a structure) -Xc sut ng h thng bn trong (tia st vo cng trnh). Probability of injury to living beings by electric shock (flashes to a structure) -- Xc sut tn t ng mng sng do in git (tia st vo cng trnh). Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a connected line) Reduction factor associated with the type of surface -- Xc sut ng h thng bn trong (st vo gn ng dy kt ni) H s gim lin quan vi loi b mt. Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to connected line) -- Xc sut ng h thng n trong (st v o ng dy kt ni). Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a structure) -- Xc sut ng h thng bn trong (tia st vo gn cng trnh). Probability of injury to living beings by electric shock (flashes to a connected line) -- Xc sut tn t ng mng sng do in git (st v o ng dy kt ni). Probability of physical damage to a structure (flashes to a connected line) -Xc sut thit hi vt cht cho mt cng trnh (st vo ng dy kt ni). Probability of physical damage to a structure (flashes to a structure) -- Xc sut thit hi vt cht cho cng trnh (tia st vo cng trnh).

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Probability reducing PA depending on protection measures against touch and step voltages -- Xc sut gim PA ph thuc vo nhng bin php bo v chng in p tip x v in p c. Probability reducing PZ depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment (flashes near a connected line)-- Xc sut gim PZ ty thu v o t n ng dy v in p khng ca thit b (tia st vo gn ng dy kt ni). Probability reducing PU, PV and PW depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment (flashes to connected line)-- Xc sut gim PU, PV v PW ty thu v o t n ng dy v in p khng ca thit b (ti st v o ng dy kt ni). Probability reducing PU and PV depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment when EB is installed -- Xc sut gim PU v PV ty thuc vo t n ng dy v in p khng ca thit b i c lp t lin kt ng th (EB). Probability reducing PM depending on shielding, wiring and withstand voltage of equipment -- Xc sut gim PM ph thuc vo che chn, cch i dy v in p khng ca thit b. Probability reducing PC, PM, PW and PZ when a coordinated SPD system is installed -- Xc sut gim PC, PM, PW and PZ khi h thng SPD t c lp t.

Prospective

touch voltage -- in p tip xc k vng

in p gia nhng b phn dn in tip xc ng thi vi nhau khi nhng phn dn in ny khng b tip xc bi mt ngi hoc mt vt. Voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those conductive parts are not being touched by a person or an animal.

<< PROTECTED VOLUME -- Th t

c bo v -

Th tch nh hng ca thanh thu s t phng tia tin o trong thanh thu s t phng tia tin o l im nh trng. Volume of influence of the early streamer emission lightning conductor within which the early streamer emission lightning conductor is the striking point. >>

Protection against electric shock

--

Bo v chng in git

D phng cc bin php gim ri ro in git. Provision of measures reducing the risk of electric shock. 62

Protection angle

--

Gc bo v. P ng p p o v.

Protection angle method --

Protection earth, Protective grounding (US) -- Ni t bo v Ni t mt hay nhiu im trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt thit b, v mc ch an ton in. Earthing a point or points in a system or in an in equipment, for purposes of electrical safety. installation or

Protection efficiency of external lightning protection system -Hiu qu bo v ca h thng chng st bn ngoi Hiu qu bo v ca h thng chng st nh trc tip c th hin bng t l gia s ln s t nh hng nm khng g y h hng cho cng trnh v tng s ln s t nh vo cng trnh. Protection efficiency of an external lightning protection system is represented by the ratio of the annual lightning events number not causing failures to the structure and the total annual lightning events number to the structure.

Protection factor (damage correction factor) Kd - H s bo v (h s hiu chnh thit hi) H s tnh n hiu qu ca nhng bin php bo v gi thp tn sut thit hi. n cho ph p nh

Factor taking into account the effect of protection measures, which allows a conservative evaluation of the frequency of damage.

Protection measures --

Bin php bo v

Nhng bin php c p dng trong mt cng trnh cn bo v, nhm gim cc ri ro. Measures to be adopted for the structure to be protected, in order to reduce the risk.

Protection multiple earthing (PME) -- Ni t bo v

im

B tr ni t trong nhng h thng TN-C-S, trong d y trung tnh ngun c dng kt ni t dy dn t ca h thng lp t v t. 63

Earthing arrangement found in TN-C-S systems, in which the supply neutral conductor is used to connect the earthing conductor of an installation with earth.

<< Protection radius of an Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning conductor -- Bn knh bo v c im t u st p ng ti tin o (Rp) >>. << Protection radius for protection level I, II, III v cp I, II, III >>. -- Bn knh bo

Protective conductor --

Dy bo v

Dy dn yu cu cho mt s bin php bo v chng in git bng cch kt ni v in vi nhau bt k nhng b phn no sau y: B phn dn in h; B phn dn in ngoi lai; Cc ni t chnh; in cc t; im ni t ca ngun in, hay mt trung tnh nhn to.

A conductor required by some measures for protection against electric shock by connecting electrically together any of the following parts: Exposed-conductive-parts; Extraneous-conductive-parts; Main earthing terminal; Earth electrode(s); Earthed point of the source, or an artificial neutral.

Protective-equipotential-bonding -- Lin kt ng th bo v Lin kt ng th nhm mc ch bo v. Equipotential bonding for the purposes of safety.

Public power -- in

Ngun in h th, nhn t mng in cng cng ca a phng. Low voltage power supply, from the local public power network. 64

Pure economic loss -- Tn tht thun kinh t .

Quality factor of a metal-sheathed cable -- H s phm cht ca cp c v kim loi T s in p xung cho php ln nht i vi cht cch in gia cc si li cp v v kim loi ca n vi tr khng truyn t ca v. T s ny c biu din bng Ka.km. Ratio of the maximum impulse voltage withstand for the insulation between cable conductors and its sheath, to its transfer impedance. This ratio is represented by Ka.km.

Quartzite -- Thch anh.

Radio communication system

-- H thng thng tin v tuyn

H thng thng tin dng phng tin truyn dn l sng v tuyn in. Communication system using the radio waves as transmission means.

Radio Wave (RW) -- Sng v tuyn in Sng in t truyn trong khng gian c quy nh c tn s nh hn 3000 GHz. Electromagnetic wave propagated in space with specified frequency less than 3000GHz.

Rated impulse withstand voltage (level) UW (Mc) in p ng xung nh mc

in p khng xung ca thit b hay mt b phn ca n c cho bi nh sn xut c trng kh nng chu ng qu p ch nh cho cch in ca n. Impulse withstand voltage assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to a part of it, characterizing the specified withstand capability of its insulation against overvoltages.

Rated residual operating current In --

ng d t

ng nh mc.

65

Reference earth, Reference ground (US) -- t tham chiu Phn ca t c xem nh dn in in th ca n c cho bng khng theo quy c, bn ngoi vng nh hng ca b tr ni t.
GHI CH: Khi nim t ngha l Tri t v tt c nhng vt cht ca n.

Part of the Earth considered as conductive, the electric potential of which is conventionally taken as zero, being outside the zone of influence of any earthing arrangement
NOTE: The concept "Earth" means matter. the Earth planet and all its physical

Reference earth electrode -- in cc t tham chiu in cc t c th tch hon ton khi mng ni t nh k. dng o kim

Earth electrode which can be separated completely from earth electrode networks, used for periodic test.

Reinforced insulation

--

in t ng

ng

Cch in ca nhng b phn mang in nguy him cung cp mt cp bo v chng in git tng ng vi cch in kp.
GHI CH: Cch in tng cng c th bao gm vi lp khng th th nghim ring bit nh cch in chnh hay cch in b sung.

Insulation protection

of hazardous-live-parts which provides a degree of against electric shock equivalent to double insulation.

NOTE: Reinforced insulation may comprise several layers which cannot be tested singly as basic insulation or supplementary insulation.

Remote Electronic Station -- Trm in t xa L trm hoc ca bin trong cha cc thit b vin thng, bao gm thit b chuyn mch, thit b truyn dn c t xa trung tm, ch c mt tng, tng din tch mt sn khng ln hn 100 m2 khng c ng ten trn nc hay bn cnh trm, c nhu cu ngun in xoay chiu. Station or cabine in which composed of telecom equipment, including switching and propagation equipment, set apart from the center, only one stage with the total floor area not higher than 100 m2, without antena on roof or besides it, with demand of a.c. power.

Residual current

--

ng in d. 66

Residual current device (RCD) -- Kh c d ng d (K d ng in d)

bo v theo

Kh c hay kt hp cc kh c ng ct c kh nhm m mch tip im khi khi dng in d t n mt gi tr cho sn di nhng iu kin xc nh. Mechanical switching device or association of devices intended to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value under specified conditions.

R sidu

op r ting

urr nt

--

ng d t

ng

Dng in d lm cho kh c dng d RCD tc ng di iu kin xc nh. Residual current that causes the residual current device (RCD) to operate under specified conditions.

Resistance area (for an earth electrode only) -- Khu v

in tr

Khu vc b mt ca t (xung quanh in cc t) gra-di-en in p ng k c th xut hin. Surface area of ground (around an earth electrode) on which a significant voltage gradient can exist.

Resistance to earth, Resistance to ground (US) -- in tr ni t Phn thc ca tng tr ni t - Real part of the impedance to earth.

Resonant earthed neutral system, Arc-suppression-coil earthed neutral system, Resonant grounded neutral system (US), Arc-suppression-coil grounded neutral system (US) -- H thng trung tnh ni t cng ng H thng trong t nht mt im trung tnh c ni t qua mt kh c c in khng c thit k b xp x cho cc dung khng trong trng hp s c n pha-t. System in which at least one neutral point is earthed through a device having an inductance designed to compensate aproximately for the line-to-earth capacitances in case of a single- line-toearth fault .

67

Restricted

access area -- Khu vc hn ch

Khu vc ch c php tip cn bi nhng nhn vin c k nng v in v nhng nh n vin c o to v in vi nhng c quan thm quyn. Area accessible only to electrically skilled persons and electrically instructed persons with the proper authorization.

Return stroke

--

C hi

Phn ca tia s t trong mt qu cu tch in trong mt m m y dng phng in xung t. Part of a lightning flash when a charged sphere in a cumulonimbus cloud flashes to earth.

Ring bonding bus -- Vng kt ni ng dn kt ni c dng vng khp kn. Bonding-bus in form of closed ring.

Ring bonding bar - Thanh lin kt vng.

Ring conductor --

Dy dn vng

Dy dn to nn mt mch vng xung quanh cng trnh v ni lin kt vi cc dy xung phn b dng st. Conductor forming a loop around the structure and interconnecting the down-conductors for distribution of lightning current among them.

Ring earth electrode -- in cc t mch vng Cc ni t to thnh mt vng kn bao quanh cu trc trn mt t, (hoc bn trong mng cng trnh). bn di hay

Earth electrode forming a closed loop around the structure below or on the surface of the earth, (or in the structure foundation).

68

Risk , Expected risk of damages -- Ri ro , Ri ro k vng ca nhng (bin c gy) thit hi Gi tr trung bnh c th c ca tn tht hng nm (v con ngi v dch v) do s t tng ng vi tng gi tr (v con ngi v dch v) ca i tng c bo v. Value of probable average annual loss (humans and goods) due to lightning, relative to the total value (humans and goods) of the structure to be protected .

Risk area (of a telecom building) -- Din tch ri ro (ca cng trnh vin thng) Din tch ca min bao quanh cng trnh vin thng khi s t nh vo din tch ny c th gy nguy him cho chnh cng trnh vin thng, dch v vin thng, hay thit b in t lp t trong . Area of the surrounding vicinity of the telecom building where lightning discharges confined to it are assumed to damage the telecom building itself, telecom service, or the installed electronic equipment inside.

Risk assessment

-- n

gi

ri ro.

Risk component

RX -- Thnh phn ri ro

Ri ro ring phn ph thuc vo ngun v loi thit hi. Partial risk depending on the source and the type of damage .

Risk of explosion and fire Risk of loss --

-- Ri ro chy n.

Ri ro tn tht.

Risk of loss of cultural heritage R3 - Ri ro tn tht di sn v n R3 Tn tht trung bnh hng nm v gi tr kinh t ca cng trnh v vt cha b h hi trong mt cng trnh vn ha. The average annual loss of endangered economic value of structure and contents in a heritage building.

69

Risk of loss of economic value R4 - Ri ro tn tht gi tr kinh t R4 Tn tht trung bnh hng nm v gi tr kinh t ca cng trnh v vt cha b h hi trong mt cng trnh. The average annual loss of endangered economic value of structure and contents in a building.

Risk of loss of human life R1 - Ri ro tn tht nhn mng R1 Tn tht trung bnh hng nm v s lng ngi (nn nhn) b nguy hi, gm c thng tn vnh vin. The average annual loss of endangered number of persons (vitims), including permanent injury.

Risk of loss of service to puplic R2 - Ri ro tn tht dch v cng cng R2 Tn tht trung bnh hng nm v s ngi dng khng c phc v. The average annual loss of number of users not served.

Risk management -- Qun l ri ro. Rolling sphere method P ong p Rolling sphere radius p qu cu n n

-- Bn knh qu cu ng nh tuyn.

Routing precaution - D p

Rural environment -- M i trng nng thn Vng c mt nh thp.

GHI CH: Vng qu l mt v d mi trng nng thn.

Area with a low density of buildings.

NOTE: Countryside is an example of a rural environment.

Sandstone -- Sa thch. Schists -Dip thch.

70

Screen, Shield (US)

--

Che chn hay in t

Kh c nhm mc ch gim xm nhp ca trng in, t vo trong mt vng nh trc.

Device intended to reduce the penetration of an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field into a given region.

Screen factor of a metal cable sheath -- H s che chn ca v cp kim loi T s gia tr khng truyn t v tr khng ca mch c to bi v cp v t. N cng c th c xc nh nh t s gia in p st trn vch trong ca v cp kim loi v st p trn mch ngoi c to bi v cp v t i vi mt dng in trn v ngoi. Bit h s che chn ca cp ta c th dng tnh in p xung thay cho tr khng truyn t. Ratio of the transfer impedance of the cable to the impedance of the circuit formed by the cable sheath and earth. It can also be indicated as the ratio of the voltage drop on the inside of the metal sheath, to the voltage drop on external circuit formed by the cable sheath and earth for a current on the sheath. Knowing the screen factor of a metal cable sheath, we can use it to calculate the pulse voltage instead of the transfer impedance.

Screening, Shielding (US) Screwing - Ni vt. Seaming Hn bm.

--

(S)Che chn.

Self inductance

-- in cm t cm

Tnh cht ca mt dy hay mch sinh ra mt sc in ng (e.m.f.) nghch chiu, khi mt dng in bin thin chy qua n. Property of a wire or circuit which cause a back e.m.f.to be generated when a changing current flows through it.

Separation distance, Clearance to prevent side-flashing, Safety distance (S) -- Khong cch cch ly (chng lan truyn st), khong cch an ton Khong cch ti thiu gia hai b phn dn in ti phng in nguy him khng th xy ra.

71

The minimum distance between two conductive parts at which no dangerous sparking can occur.

Section of a line

(SL) -- P n on c

ng dy

Phn ca mt dng dy vi c tnh ng ng ni ch c mt b tham s lin quan trong vic nh gi mt thnh phn ri ro. Part of a line with homogeneous characteristics where only one set of parameters is involved in the assessment of a risk component.

Service -- Dch v Tin ch vi dng dn i vo mt cng trnh nh in thoi, gas, truyn hnh cp, v.v. nc in

Utilities with line entering a structure such as electric power, supply water, telephone, fuel gas, cable television, etc.

Service to be protected

-- Dch v cn bo v

Dch v ni vo mt cng trnh cn bo v chng cc hiu ng ca st ph hp vi tiu chun chng st. Service connected to a structure for which protection is required against the effects of lightning in accordance with the lightning protection standard.

Sheath breakdown current (Is) --

ng in n

t ng v (cp)

Dng in nh nht chy trong v kim loi ca cp g y ra in p nh xuyn gia cc thnh phn kim loi trong li cp v v kim loi cp, dn n thit hi. Minimum current flowing in the metallic sheath which causes breakdown voltages between metallic elements in the cable core and the metallic sheath, thus leading to damage.

Shielded cable

--

Cp c che chn

Nhm mt hay nhiu i cp vn xon, cn bng so vi t, kt hp vi nhau, v bc bi mt v bc bo v kim loi. Group of one or more pairs of twisted wires balanced with respect to earth, assembled together and covered by a continuous metallic sheath.

72

Shielding wire --

Dy che chn do s t nh xung ng

Dy kim loi dng lm gim thit hi vt l dy dch v.

Metallic wire used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a service line.

Short-circuit Ngn mch Dng dn in bt ng hoc khng ch nh gia hai hay nhiu phn dn in cng bc hiu in th gia cc b phn ny tr thnh bng hay gn bng khng. Accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more conductive parts forcing the electric potential differences between these conductive parts to be equal to or close to zero.

Short circuit fault -- S c ngn mch. Short-circuit to earth, short-circuit to ground (US)-- Ngn mch v t.

Short stroke

--

C st ngn

Phn ca tia s t tng ng vi mt xung dng.

GHI CH: Xung ny c thi gian T2 n gi tr gia t hn 2ms.

Part of the lightning flash which correspond to an impulse current.

NOTE: This current has a time T2 to the half peak value on the tail typically less than 2ms .

Signal-touch-potential -- in th tip xc tn hiu in th trn mt vt mang in c ch nh tip xc bi mt ngi v mc ch tn hiu hay iu khin. Electric potential on a live part intended to be touched by a person for signal or control purposes.

Simultaneously accessible parts

--

B phn tip x

ng thi

Nhng dy dn hay b phn dn in c th chm vo ng thi bi mt ngi hoc, bi mt gia sc, trong nhng v tr ch nh.
GHI CH: Nhng b phn tip xc ng thi c th l:

73

B phn mang in; B phn dn in h; B phn dn in ngoi lai; Dy bo v; hay in cc t.

Conductors or conductive parts which can be touched simultaneously by a person or, in locations specifically intended for them, by a livestock
NOTE: Simultaneously accessible parts can be: Live parts; Exposed-conductive-parts; Extraneous-conductive-parts; Protective conductors; or Earth electrodes.

Single Point Connection (SPC) -- im ni n L v tr duy nht trong mt mng lin kt cch ly m thc hin ni vi mng lin kt chung. im ni n phi c kch thc thch hp cho nhng u ni lin kt kt ni vo n. im ni n thng l mt thanh dn ng, hoc mt s trng hp l lp v kim loi ca cp. The single point in an isolated bonding network at which connections are made to the common bonding network. Single point connection (SPC) must have suitable dimention for the bonding connectors connected to it. SPC usually may be a copper bar, or a cable metal sheath in some cases.

Single zone structure vng thu st.

--

ng trn

n v ng, cng trnh ch gm mt

Slatey shales -- Soil

p in xm.

-- t , Cht t. t.

Soil equipotentialization ng th

Soil resistivity -- in tr sut c

t khi dng

in tr ca mt khi t hnh lp phng c th tch 1 m3 in chy t mt ny sang mt i din ca khi t. 74

Resistance of an earth cubic block with 1m3 volumne when a current flow through it from one side to the opposite.

Solid copper

--

ng cng.

Solid plate - Bn cng. Solid round - Trn cng. Solid tape ng ng.

Solidly earthed neutral system, Solidly grounded neutral -- H thng trung tnh ni t trc tip (cng)

system (US)

H thng trong t nht c mt im trung tnh ni t trc tip. System in which at least one neutral point is earthed directly.

Source of damage -- Ngun thit hi. Spatial shield Che chn khng gian. Mn chn khng gian.

SPC Window (SPCW)

--

Ca s im ni n

Giao din hoc l vng chuyn tip gia mt mng lin kt cch ly v mng lin kt chung. Kch thc ln nht ca chng l 2 m. Interface or transition region between an IBN and the CBN. Its maximum dimention is 2 meters.

SPD tested with Iimp -- SPD th nghim vi Iimp SPD khng dng st ring phn vi dng sng in hnh 10/350 s v yu cu mt dng xung th nghim tng ng Iimp.
GHI CH: i vi nhng ng ngun, mt dng th nghim Iimp thch hp c xc nh trong quy trnh th nghim Class I ca IEC 61643-1:2005.

SPDs which withstand the partial lightning current with a typical waveform 10/350 s and require a corresponding impulse test current Iimp.
NOTE: For power lines, a suitable test current test procedure of IEC 61643-1:2005. Iimp is defined in the Class I

75

SPD tested with In -- SPD th nghim vi In SPD khng dng xung cm ng vi dng sng in hnh 8/20 s v yu cu mt dng xung th nghim tng ng In.
GHI CH: i vi nhng ng ngun, mt dng th nghim In thch hp c xc nh trong quy trnh th nghim Class II ca IEC 61643-1:2005.

SPDs which withstand induced surge currents with a typical waveform 8/20 s and require a corresponding impulse test current In
NOTE: For power lines a suitable test current In is defined in the Class II test procedure of IEC 61643-1:2005.

SPD tested with a combination wave -- SPD th nghim vi mt sng t hp SPD khng dng xung cm ng vi dng sng in hnh 8/20 s v yu cu mt dng xung th nghim tng ng Isc.
GHI CH: Vi nhng ng ngun mt th nghim sng t hp thch hp c xc nh trong quy trnh th nghim Class III ca IEC 61643-1:2005 xc nh in p mch h Uoc 1,2/50s v dng ngn mch Isc 8/20 s ca mt my pht sng t hp 2.

SPDs that withstand induced surge currents with a typical waveform 8/20 s and require a corresponding impulse test current ISC.
NOTE: For power lines a suitable combination wave test is defined in the Class III test procedure of IEC 61643-1:2005 defining the open circuit voltage UOC 1,2/50 s and the short-circuit current ISC 8/20 s of a 2 combination wave generator.

Special hazard Nguy him c bit.

Specific energy

W/R -- N ng

ng ring

Gi tr c c t tch phn thi gian ca bnh phng dng in st trong ton thi gian tia st.
GHI CH: N biu din nng lng tiu tn bi dng in st trong mt in tr n v.

Value resulting from the time integral of the square of the lightning current for the entire flash duration .
NOTE: It represents the energy dissipated by the lightning current in a unit resistance.

76

Specific energy of short stroke current -- N ng c st ngn . Spout -- ng mng.

ng ring ca dng

Stainless steel Thp khng r.

Star Isolated Bonding Network(S-IBN) -- Mng lin kt cch ly hnh sao Mng lin kt cch ly m trong cc thnh phn ca n nhau to thnh mt cu trc dng hnh sao. c ni vi

A type of IBN in which the components are connected to form a starlike structure.

Steel with electro-deposited copper - Thp ph ng m in.

Step voltage

-- in

in p gia hai im trn b mt Tri t cch nhau khong cch 1m, c xem nh di mt si chn ca mt ngi. Voltage between two points on the Earth's surface that are 1 m distant from each other, which is considered to be the stride length of a person.

Stranded copper

--

( y) ng bn.

Stray current --

ng in lc

Dng in r vo t hay kt cu kim loi chn trong t do kt qu ca vic ni t ch nh hoc khng ch nh. Leakage current in the Earth or in metallic structures buried the ground resulting from their intended or unintended earthing. in

<<

STREAMER --

tin o

Tia tin o l s phng in kiu si hnh thnh qua nhng khong cch ln chng vi chc cen-ti-m t. N c sinh ra do nhng thc electron k tip to nn mt knh ion ha yu. Loi phng in ny xy ra khi in trng cao hn trng ion ha ca khng kh qua mt khong cch t nht bng thc electron. Gi tr trng ny cao hn nhiu gi tr cn thit cho mt phng in vng quang (corona). in tch tia tin o c th mang dng t vi mA n vi chc mA. 77

The streamer is the filament type electrical discharge that develops over distances as great as several tens of centimetres. It is produced by successive electron avalanches that create a weakly ionized channel. This type of discharge occurs when the electric field is greater than the air ionization field over a distance that is at least as long as the electron avalanche. This field value is much higher than that needed for a corona discharge. The streamer discharge can carry currents ranging from several mA to several tens of mA. >>

Striking distance (to line)D - Khong

st n

(v o ng dy)

Khong cch tnh t ng dy, khi nhn cho 2, v nhn cho chiu di ng dy (L) v mt st (Ng) s cho s tia st m i nm nh ti ng dy. Distance from the line that, when multiplied by 2, by the line length (L) and the ground flash density (Ng) gives the number of lightning strokes per year that reaches the line.

Stroke duration - Thi gian c st.

Strutural earth electrode -- in c

t kt cu

Kt cu thp hay ct thp b tng ca cng trnh c dng nh mt in cc t. Steel structure or reinforced steel of concrete of the building used as an earth eletrode.

Structure

--

Cng trnh (Kt cu) .

Structures dangerous to the environment -- Cng trnh nguy him cho m i trng Cng trnh c th gy ra pht x sinh, ha, hay phng x do hu qu ca st (v d nh nh my ha ha du, ht nh n v.v ). Structures which may cause biological, chemical or radioactive emission as a consequence of lightning (such as chemical, petrochemical, nuclear plants, etc.).

78

Structure to be protected

--

Cng trnh cn bo v

Cng trnh i vi n s bo v l cn thit chng cc hiu ng ca st ph hp vi tiu chun chng st.

GHI CH: Mt cng trnh cn bo v c th l mt phn ca mt cng trnh ln hn.

Structure for which protection is required against the effects of lightning in accordance with the lightning protection standard.
NOTE: A structure to be protected may be a part of a larger structure.

Structures with risk of explosion

--

Cng trnh vi ri ro n

Cng trnh cha nhng vt liu rn gy n hay nhng vng (zone) nguy him nh c xc nh ph hp vi tiu chun IEC 60079-10-1 v IEC 60079-10-2. Structures containing solid explosives materials or hazardous zones as determined in accordance with IEC 60079-10-1 and IEC 60079-10-2.

Subscriber line circuit (SLIC) -- M

ng dy thu bao

Mt mch in cha nhng chc nng ng d y thu bao v c t trong mt tng i ti ng giao tip vi ng dy vin thng bn ngoi. A printed circuit board containing subscriber line functioncs and placed in an exchange at the interface to the external telecommunication lines.

Subscribers Building -- Nh thu bao L nhng ngi nh ca cc c quan dng cc dch v vin thng. Nh thu bao c chia lm 2 loi: a. Nh thu bao dng kinh doanh cc dch v vin thng. l nhng nh thu bao ln cha cc thit b chuyn mch, thit b truyn dn, thit b vi ba... b. Nh thu bao s dng trc tip cc dch v vin thng: - Nh thu bao s dng trc tip a dch v vin thng (gm thoi, fax, truyn s liu...). - Nh thu bao s dng trc tip mt dch v vin thng hoc my in thoi . nh my fax cc h ng hoc nh m ti s

79

Building of office, business or for accomodation, where telecom services are used. Subsribers buildings are classified into 2 types: a. Subscribers building for trading in telecom services. Those are big subscribers buildings comprising switching, propagating equipment microwave equipment . b. Subscribers buildings which utilize telecom services: - Subscribers buildings which utilize for themselves telecom multiservices (included telephone facsimile data transmission .). - Subscribers buildings which utilize for themselves one telecom service only, such as facsimile or telephone .

Subsequent short stroke C st ngn k tip.

Suburban environment -- M i trng ngoi Mi trng vi mt nh trung bnh.

GHI CH: Vng ven th x l mt v d mi trng ngoi .

Area with a medium density of buildings .

NOTE: Town outskirts is an example of a suburban environment.

Superimposed short strokes - Nhng c st ngn xp chng.

Supplementary insulation

--

in b sung bo v s c.

Cch in c lp, p dng thm cho cch in chnh Independent insulation applied in addition fault protection.

to basic insulation, for

Surge -- Xung t bin Qu to nn bi xung in t do st (LEMP) v/hoc qu dng . xut hin nh qu p

Transient created by LEMP that appears as an overvoltage and/or overcurrent.

80

Surge Protective Device (SPD) -- Kh c bo v qu p, Kh c bo v xung t bin, Thit b bo v xung, Thit b chng st Thit b nhm hn ch qu p t bin v r xung dng; n cha t nht mt phn t phi tuyn. Device intended to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents; contains at least one non linear component.

Susceptibility of the contents (in structure) -- Tnh nhy cm ca vt cha (trong cng trnh).

System

-- H thng

H thng in bao gm mt ngun n nng lng in v mt h thng lp t.

GHI CH: Cho nhng mc ch no , loi h thng c xc nh ty thuc vo mi quan h ca ngun in, v ca cc b phn dn in h ca h thng, vi t.

Electrical system consisting of a single source of electrical energy and an installation .

NOTE: For certain purposes, types of system are identified by depending upon the relationship of the source, and of exposed-conductive-parts of the installation, to Earth.

System block -- Khi h thng Ton b cc thit b m khung ca chng v cc phn dn kt hp to thnh mt mng lin kt nht nh. The complete equipments of which their frames and interconnected conductive parts forming a specific bonding network.

Tail of impulse current

--

u i d ng xung

Telecom (service) earth -- Ni t cng tc (cho vin thng) Ni t cc b phn thit b thuc mch in cng tc thc hin chc nng l in th chun ca mch in. Earthing equipments parts of function circuits which taking the role of reference potential of the circuits.

81

Telecommunication Building -- Nh trm vin thng L nh trm trong vn hnh h thng thit b vin thng, nhm mc ch khai thc cc dch v vin thng. Station building in which telecom equipment are operated, for the aim of telecom services exploitation.

Telecommunication lines -- ng dy vin thng ng dy cho mc ch truyn thng gia thit b c th t trong nhng cng trnh khc nhau nh l ng d y in thoi v ng dy d liu. Lines intended for communication between equipment that may be located in separate structures, such as phone lines and data lines .

Telecommunication station -- Trm vin thng Mt khu vc vin thng, cp dch v b nh thu bao gm mt hoc nhiu nh trm trong cha cc thit b ct cao ng ten v cc loi trang thit b ph tr cung vin thng. Trm vin thng khng bao gm nh v cc thit bao.

An area composed of one or many station buildings which comprising telecommunication equipment, high antena mast and accessories for supplying telecom service. Telecom stations does not include suscribers buildings and their equipment.

Telecommunication plant --

Cng trnh vin thng

Cng trnh xy dng, bao gm h tng k thut vin thng th ng (nh, trm, ct, cng, b) v thit b mng c lp t vo . Construction structure, composed of passive communication infra structures (buildings, stations, poles, ducts, chambers) and networks equipment installed in them.

Telecommunication system -- H thng thit b vin thng Mt hoc nhiu thit b mng t trong nh trm vin thng cung cp dch v vin thng, bao gm c thit b, h thng cng ngh thng tin trong mng li vin thng ca doanh nghip. One or many network equipments installed in a telecom building for supplying telecommunication services, composed of equipments and information technology systems in the business network. 82

Terrestrial Neutral Combined System, TN-C system -H thng (Mng) TNC H thng (Mng) in trong chc nng trung tnh v bo v c kt hp trong mt dy dn n trong ton h thng. Electical system in which neutral and protective functions are combined in a single conductor throughout the system.

(Terrestrial Neutral Combined and Separated) , TN-C-S system -H thng (Mng) TN-C-S H thng (Mng) in trong chc nng trung tnh v bo v c kt hp trong mt dy dn n phn thng ngun ca h thng. Electrical system in which neutral and protective functions are combined in a single conductor in the upstream part of the system.

Terrestrial Neutral Separated, TN-S system - H thng (Mng) TN-S H thng (Mng)in c dy trung tnh v dy bo v phn bit trong ton h thng. Electrical system having separate neutral and protective conductors throughout the system.

Terrestrial Neutral System, TN system -- H thng (Mng) TN H thng (Mng) in c mt hay nhiu im ca ngun ni trc tip vi t, nhng phn dn in h ca h thng lp t in c kt ni n im bng dy dn bo v.. Electrical system having one or more points of the source of energy directly earthed, the exposed conductive parts of the installation being connected to that point by protective conductors.

Terrestriated Terrestrial, TT system -- H thng (Mng) TT H thng (Mng) in c mt im ca ngun trc tip ni t, nhng phn dn in h ca h thng lp t c ni v nhng in cc t c lp v in vi nhng in cc t ca ngun. Electrical system having one point of the source of energy directly earthed, the exposed-conductive parts of the installation being connected to earth electrodes electrically independent of the earth electrodes of the source. 83

Test clamp -- Kp kim tra Kh c dng ngt kt ni h thng in cc t khi phn cn li ca h thng. Device used to disconnect the earth termination system from the remainder of the system.

Test current (It) -- Dng th Dng in h quang nh nht chy trong v kim loi ca cp hng chnh do cc hiu ng c hay nhit. g y ra h

Minimum current injected by arc in the cable sheath that causes a primary failure due to thermal or mechanical effects.

Test joint -- Mi ni kim tra Mi ni thit k v b tr thun tin vic kim tra v o th in tr v s lin tc ca nhng thnh phn chng st. Joint designed and arranged to facilitate testing and measurement for electrical resistance and continuity of LPS components.

Tetanization threshold (current) -- Ngng d ng

Vi mt tn s v dng sng xc nh, ga tr nh nht ca dng in gy ra mt s co rt c duy tr khng c , v khng khng li c. For a stated frequency and wave form, minimum value of electric current for which an insuperable, involuntary, sustained muscular contraction is produced.

Threshold of ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular fibrillation threshold (current) -- Ngng dng rung lit tm tht Gi tr nh nht ca dng in gy ra rung lit tm tht. Minimum value of electric current which causes ventricular fibrillation.

Thunder day, thunderstorm day -- Ngy dng Ngy m v c trng kh tng sm. ngi quan trc c th nghe r ting 84

Day with meteorological characteristics that thunder is heard clearly by observer.

Time interval Thi khong st. Time parameters (T1/T2) - Tham s thi gian (T1/T2).

Time to half value of short stroke current T2 -- Thi gi n n gi tr gia c xung d ng st ng n Tham s o xc nh nh khong thi gian gia gc o O1 v thi im ti dng in gim xung mt na gi tr nh ca ui xung. Virtual parameter defined as the time interval between the virtual origin O1 and the instant at which the current has decreased to half the peak value of the tail.

Tin plated copper ng bc thic.

Tolerable risk

(RT) -- Ri ro chp nhn c

L gi tr ri ro ln nht c th chp nhn c i vi cng trnh c bo v. Maximum value of the risk which can be tolerated for the structure to be protected.

Tolerable touch voltage (UL) -- in p tip xc gii hn cho php. Total value of goods in dangerous place outside the structure, in currency ng gi tr ng ni nguy in n ngo i ng trn , t n tin ot t n v u tin o t stru tur , in urr n y i tr ng trn ,

Touch current

--

ng in tip xc

Dng in i qua mt c th ngi hay i qua mt c th ng vt khi chm vo mt hay nhiu im tip cn c ca mt h thng lp t hay thit b. Electric current passing through a human body or through an animal body when he or it touches one or more accessible parts of an installation or of equipment. 85

Transfer (coupling) impedance of metal cable sheath -- Tr khng truyn t (tr khng ghp) ca v che chn kim loi ca cp T s gia in p st t mt trong ra mt ngoi v che chn kim loi ca cp trn ton b dng in chy trong v che chn kim loi. The ratio between the voltage reduction from the inside surface to the outside surface of the metal sheath of a cable and the total current flows in the sheath.

Transfer inductance -- in cm truyn Tnh cht ca mt mch theo mt in p c cm ng trong mt mch vng bi mt dng in bin thin trong mt mch khc, m mt phn ca mch ny bao gm trong mch vng. Property of a circuit whereby a voltage is induced in a loop by a changing current in another circuit, some part of which is included in the loop.

Transferred potential -- in th chuyn Hiu s gia in th ca t xa vi in th tng cao nht ca h thng ni t trong thi gian s c chm t. Difference between the remote earth potential and the full rise of the earthing system during earth fault.

Transient control level (TCL) -- Mc khng ch xung Mc xung ln nht xy ra trong mt h thng c bo v t c nh thit k bo v (mn chn v.v ) hay bng cc b trit xung. Maximum level of transients occurring in a protected system, achieved by design of protection (screening etc.) or by use of surge suppressors.

Type A arrangement

--

B tr (ni t) loi A. .

Type A earthing system -- H thng ni t loi A Type B earthing system -- H thng ni t loi B.

Type of damage -- Loi thit hi . Type of loss -- Loi tn tht.

86

Underground cable-route earth electrode, Underground cable-route ground electrode (US) -- in c t tuyn cp ngm in cc t thng t dc theo tuyn cp cung cp ni t dc theo tuyn. Earth electrode usually laid along the cable route to provide earthing along its route.

Unshielded cable

--

Cp khng che chn

Nhm mt hay nhiu i cp vn xon, cn bng so vi t, kt hp vi nhau, v khng c v bc bo v kim loi. Group of one or more pairs of twisted wires balanced with respect to earth and assembled together without a metallic sheath.

Upward flash --

st

ng ln

Tia st khi u bng tia tin o hng ln, t mt cng trnh ni t ln m m y. Tia s t hng ln gm mt c st di u tin, c hoc khng c nhiu xung (c st ngn) chng trp. Mt hay nhiu xung (c st ngn) c th theo sau bi mt c st di. Lightning flash initiated by an upward leader from an earthed struture to cloud . Upward flash consists of a first long stroke, with or without superimposed impulses (short strokes). One or more impulses (short strokes) may be followed by a long stroke.

Urban environment -- M i trng

Khu vc vi mt cao cc ta nh hay c nhng cng ng d n c ng c vi nhng ta nh cao.

GHI CH : Trung tm th x l mt v d ca mi trng th.

Area with a high density of buildings or densely populated communities with tall buildings.
NOTE: Town center is an example of an urban environment.

V u o v ng, t

t n

nim tin

s in t

zon , in

urr n y

tr ng vt trong

87

Value of the building relevant to t n in qu n vi v ng, t n tin Value of the content in t v ng, t n tin zon , in

zon , in urr n y

urr n y i

tr t trong

tr vt

Value of the cultural heritage in the zone, in currency Gi tr di sn v n trong v ng, t n tin. Value of the internal systems (including their activities)in t zon , in urr n y i tr n ng t ng n trong ( o gm ot ng ng) trong v ng, t n tin

Ventricular fibrillation -- Rung lit tm tht Rung lit tim, gii hn vo nhng tm tht, dn n tun hon mu khng hiu qu ri dn n ngng tim. Cardiac fibrillation, limited to the ventricles, leading to ineffective circulation and then to heart failure.

V rti

ondu tor

y dn d

Vertical electrode -- in cc thng ng .

Virtual origin of impulse (short stroke) current O1 -- Gc o ca xung dng (c st ngn) Giao im vi trc thi gian ca ng thng k qua cc im tham chiu 10% v 90% trn sn trc ca xung dng c s t; n n trc thi im 0 1T1 khi dng t c 10% tr s nh. Point of intersection with time axis of a straight line drawn through the 10% and the 90% referrence points on the stroke current front; it precedes by 0,1T1 that instant at which the current attains 10% of peak value.

Voltage-limiting type SPD -- SPD loi hn ch in p SPD c tng tr cao khi khng c hin din xung t bin nhng s gim tng tr mt cch lin tc khi dng v p ca xung t bin tng.
GHI CH 1: V d thng thng ca thnh phn dng nh kh c phi tuyn l varistor v diod b trit. Nhng SPD ny thng c gi l loi kp. GHI CH 2: Mt kh c hn p c c tuyn in p/dng in lin tc.

SPD that has a high impedance when no surge is present, but will reduce it continuously with increased surge current and voltage . 88

NOTE 1: Common examples of components used as non-linear devices are varistors and suppressor diodes. These SPDs are sometimes called clamping type. NOTE 2: A voltage-limiting device has a continuous voltage/current characteristic.

Voltage-switching type SPD -- SPD loi chuyn m

in p

SPD c mt tng tr cao khi khng c hin din xung t bin nhng c th c mt thay i t ngt trong tng tr n mt gi tr tng ng vi xung in p.
GHI CH 1: Nhng v d thng thng v thnh phn dng nh kh c chuyn mch in p bao gm khe phng in, ng phng in cha kh (GDT), thyristor (chnh lu iu khin Silicon SCR) v triac. Nhng SPD ny i khi c gi l loi n by . GHI CH 2: Mt kh c chuyn mch in p c c tuyn V/A khng lin tc.

SPD that has a high impedance when no surge is present, but can have a sudden change in impedance to a low value in response to a voltage surge.
NOTE 1: Common examples of components used as voltage switching devices include spark gaps, gas discharge tubes (GDT), thyristors (silicon controlled rectifiers) and triacs. These SPDs are sometimes called crowbar type . NOTE 2: A voltage-switching device has a discontinuous voltage/current characteristic.

Voltage to earth during a short-circuit, Voltage to ground during a short-circuit (US) -- in p so vi t trong thi gian ngn mch in p gia mt im xc nh v t tham chiu i vi mt v tr s c ngn mch v mt gi tr dng s c ngn mch. Voltage between a specified point and reference earth, for a given location of the short-circuit and value of short-circuit current.

Voltage to earth during an earth fault, Voltage to ground during a ground fault (US) -- in p so vi t trong thi gian s c chm t in p gia mt im xc nh v t tham chiu i vi mt v tr s c chm t v mt gi tr dng s c chm t. Voltage between a specified point and reference earth, for a given location of the earth fault and a given value of earth-fault current.

89

Warning notices -Welding Hn.

Cnh bo.

Welded joint Mi ni hn.

Zone 0 -- Vng 0 Vng trong mt kh quyn d n gm c mt h n hp khng kh v cht d chy di dng kh hi hoc sng m hin din lin tc , hoc trong nhng thi gian di, hoc xy ra thng xuyn. Place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air and flammable substances in the form of gas, vapour or mist is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently.

Zone 1 -- Vng 1 Vng trong mt kh quyn d n gm c mt h n hp khng kh v cht d chy di dng kh hi hoc sng m dng nh xy ra trong iu kin thng mt cch thnh thong. Place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air and flammable substances in the form of gas, vapour or mist is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally .

Zone 2 -- Vng 2 Vng trong mt kh quyn d n gm c mt h n hp khng kh v cht d chy di dng kh hi hoc sng m dng nh khng xy ra trong diu kin thng nhng nu n xy ra, s ch tn ti trong mt thi gian ngn.
GHI CH 1: Trong nh ngha ny, t tn ti c ngha l tng thi gian kh quyn d chy s hin hu. Thi gian ny gm c tng thi gian hnh thnh, cng thm thi gian cn bu kh d chy ny khuych tn sau khi ngng hnh thnh. GHI CH 2: Cc ch nh v chu k xy ra v thi gian ca n c th tham kho t cc tiu chun lin quan n cc cng ngh v ng dng c bit.

Place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air and flammable substances in the form of gas, vapour or mist is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.
NOTE 1: In this definition, the word "persist" means the total time for which the flammable atmosphere will exist.

90

This will normally comprise the total of the duration of the release, plus the time taken for the flammable atmosphere to disperse after the release has stopped. NOTE 2: Indications of the frequency of the occurrence and duration may be taken from codes relating to specific industries or applications.

Zone 20

-- Vng 20

Vng trong mt kh quyn d n di dng mt m m y bi d chy trong khng kh, lin tc hin din, hoc trong nhng thi gian di, hoc xy ra thng xuyn. Place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is present continuously, or for long periods, or frequently.

Zone 21

-- Vng 21

Vng trong mt kh quyn d n di dng mt m m y bi d chy trong khng kh dng nh xy ra thnh thong trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng. Place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.

Zone 22 -- Vng 22 Vng trong mt kh quyn d n di dng mt m m y bi d chy trong khng kh, dng nh khng xy ra trong vn hnh bnh thng nhng nu n xy ra, ch tn ti trong mt thi gian ngn. Place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only .

on

pr t

tion V ng

o v

Zone of a structure

-- Vng bo v ca mt cng trnh.

---oooOOO000OOOooo---

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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS K HIU V CH VIT TT

Cc ch vit tt t
DC GL HC LEMP LPC LPL LPMS Down conductor

ng t ng
-Dy xung.

Ground level -- Mt t. Horizontal conductor -Dy dn ngang.

Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse -- Xung in t do st. Lightning Protection Class -- Cp bo v chng st. Lightning Protection Level -- Mc bo v chng st. LEMP protection measures system -H thng bin php bo v chng xung in t do st.

LPZ SPD VC ZP

Lightning Protection Zone -- Vng bo v chng st. Surge Protective Device -- Thit b bo v xung, Kh c bo v qu p, Thit b chng xung t bin. Vertical conductor -- Dy dn dc. Zone of protection -- Vng bo v.

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Symbols and abbreviations K hiu v vit tt (theo IEC 62305:2010)

a AD

Amortization rate Sut khu hao. Collection area for flashes to an isolated structure Din tch thu s t nh vo mt cng trnh cch ly.

ADJ

Collection area for flashes to an adjacent structure Din tch thu s t nh vo mt cng trnh lin k.

AD'

Collection area attributed to an elevated roof protrusion Din tch thu s t nh vo phn nh ln ca mi.

AI

Collection area for flashes near a line Din tch thu s t nh gn mt ng dy.

AL

Collection area for flashes to a line Din tch thu s t nh vo mt ng dy.

AM

Collection area for flashes striking near the structure Din tch thu s t nh gn mt cng trnh.

B CD CDJ

Building

Ta nh. H s v tr.

Location factor

Location factor of an adjacent structure H s v tr ca mt cng trnh lin k.

CE CI

Environmental factor

H s mi trng.

Installation factor of the line H s lp t ca ng dy.

CL

Annual cost of total loss in absence of protection measures Chi ph tn tht hng nm khi khng c bin php bo v.

CLD

Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation conditions of the line for flashes to a line H s ph thuc nhng iu kin che chn, ni t, v cch ly ca ng d y i vi nhng tia s t nh vo ng dy.

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CLI

Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation conditions of the line for flashes near a line H s ph thuc nhng iu kin che chn, ni t, v cch ly ca ng d y i vi nhng tia s t nh gn ng dy.

CLZ CP CPM

Cost of loss in a zone - Chi ph tn tht trong mt vng. Cost of protection measures - Chi ph cc bin php bo v. Annual cost of selected protection measures Chi ph hng nm cc bin php bo v c chn.

CRL

Annual cost of residual loss Chi ph hng nm cho tn tht cn li.

RLZ

Cost of residual loss in a zone Chi ph cho tn tht cn li trong mt vng.

CT

Line type factor for a HV/LV transformer on the line H s loi ng dy cho mt MBA Trung/H th trn ng dy.

ca

Value of the animals in the zone, in currency Gi tr ng vt trong vng, thnh tin.

cb

Value of the building relevant to the zone, in currency Gi tr ta nh tng ng vi vng, thnh tin.

cc

Value of the content in the zone, in currency Gi tr vt cha trong vng, thnh tin.

ce

Total value of goods in dangerous place outside the structure, in currency Tng gi tr hng ha ni nguy him bn ngoi cng trnh, thnh tin.

cs

Value of the internal systems (including their activities) in the zone, in currency Gi tr nhng h thng bn trong (bao gm c hot ng ca chng) trong vng, thnh tin.

ct

Total value of the structure, in currency Gi tr ca cng trnh, thnh tin.

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cz

Value of the cultural heritage in the zone, in currency Gi tr di sn vn ha trong vng thnh tin.

D1

Injury to living beings by electric shock Tn thng sinh mng do in git.

D2 D3

Physical damage

Thit hi vt cht.

Failure of electrical and electronic systems H hng nhng h thng in v in t.

hz

Factor increasing the loss when a special hazard is present H s gia tng tn tht khi mt mi e da c bit tn ti.

H HJ

Height of the structure

Chiu cao cng trnh.

Height of the adjacent structure Chiu cao cng trnh lin k.

i KMS

Interest rate

Li sut.

Factor relevant to the performance of protection measures against LEMP H s lin quan n hiu nng ca nhng bin php bo v chng LEMP.

KS1

Factor relevant to the screening effectiveness of the structure H s lin quan n tnh hiu qu che chn ca cng trnh.

KS2

Factor relevant to the screening effectiveness of shields internal to the structure H s lin quan n tnh hiu qu che chn ca cc mn chn bn trong cng trnh.

KS3

Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring H s lin quan n c tnh ca h thng i d y bn trong.

KS4

Factor relevant to the impulse withstand voltage of a system H s lin quan n in p khng xung ca h thng.

L LJ

Length of structure

Chiu di ca cng trnh.

Length of the adjacent structure Chiu di ca cng trnh lin k. 95

LA

Loss due to injury to living beings by electric shock (flashes to structure) Tn tht do thng tn sinh mng bi in git (tia st nh vo cng trnh).

LB

Loss in a structure related to physical damage (flashes to structure) Tn tht trong mt cng trnh lin quan n thit hi vt cht (tia s t nh vo cng trnh).

LL LC

Length of line section

Chiu di ca on ng dy.

Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes to structure). Tn tht lin quan n h hng ca nhng h thng bn trong (tia s t nh vo cng trnh).

LE

Additional loss when the damage involves surrounding structures. Tn tht cng thm khi thit hi lin quan n nhng cng trnh xung quanh.

LF

Loss in a structure due to physical damage Tn tht trong mt cng trnh do thit hi vt cht.

LFE

Loss due to physical damage outside the structure. Tn tht do thit hi vt cht bn ngoi cng trnh.

LFT

Total loss due to physical damage in and outside the structure. Tng tn tht do thit hi vt cht trong v bn ngoi cng trnh.

LM

Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes near structure) . Tn tht lin quan n h hng h thng bn trong (tia st nh gn cng trnh).

LO

Loss in a structure due to failure of internal systems Tn tht trong mt cng trnh do h hng h thng bn trong.

LT

Loss due to injury by electric shock Tn tht do tn thng bi in git.

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LU

Loss due to injury of living beings by electric shock (flashes to line) . Tn tht do tn thng sinh mng gy bi in git (tia st nh vo ng dy).

LV

Loss in a structure due to physical damage(flashes to line). Tn tht trong mt cng trnh do thit hi vt cht (tia s t nh vo ng dy).

LW

Loss related to failure of internal systems(flashes to line). Tn tht lin quan n h hng h thng bn trong (tia st nh vo ng dy).

LX

Loss consequent to damages relevant to structure . Hu qu tn tht cho nhng thit hi lin quan n cng trnh.

LZ

Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes near a line). Tn tht lin quan n h hng h thng bn trong (tia st gn mt ng dy).

L1 L2 L3 L4 m Nx

Loss of human life

Tn tht nhn mng.

Loss of service to the public - Tn tht dch v cng cng. Loss of cultural heritage - Tn tht di sn vn ha. Loss of economic value - Tn tht gi tr kinh t. Maintenance rate Sut bo dng (duy tr).

Number of dangerous events per annum S bin c nguy him hng nm.

ND

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to structure S bin c nguy him do tia s t nh vo cng trnh.

NDJ

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to adjacent structure. S bin c nguy him do tia s t nh vo cng trnh lin k.

NG

Lightning ground flash density Mt tia s t nh xung t. 97

NI

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a line S bin c nguy him do tia s t nh nh gn mt ng dy.

NL

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a line S bin c nguy him do tia s t nh vo mt ng dy.

NM

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a structure S bin c nguy him do tia s t nh do tia s t nh gn mt cng trnh.

nz

Number of possible endangered persons (victims or users not served) S ngi c th b nguy him (nn nh n hay ngi dng khng c phc v).

nt

Expected total number of persons (or users served) Tng s k vng nh n vin (hay ngi dng c phc v).

P PA

Probability of damage - Xc sut thit hi. Probability of injury to living beings by electric shock (flashes to a structure) Xc sut tn thng sinh mng do in git (tia st vo cng trnh).

PB

Probability of physical damage to a structure (flashes to a structure) Xc sut thit hi vt cht cho cng trnh (tia st vo cng trnh).

PC

Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to a structure) Xc sut h hng h thng bn trong (tia st vo cng trnh).

PEB

Probability reducing PU and PV depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment when EB is installed Xc sut gim PU v PV ty thuc vo c tnh ng dy v in p khng xung ca thit b khi c lp t lin kt ng th (EB).

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PLD

Probability reducing PU, PV and PW depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment (flashes to connected line). Xc sut gim PU, PV v PW ty thuc vo c tnh ng dy v in p khng xung ca thit b (tia s t vo ng dy kt ni).

PLI

Probability reducing PZ depending on line characteristics and withstand voltage of equipment (flashes near a connected line) Xc sut gim PZ ty thuc vo c tnh ng d y v in p khng ca thit b (tia st vo gn ng dy kt ni).

PM

Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a structure) Xc sut h hng h thng bn trong (tia st vo gn cng trnh).

PMS

Probability reducing PM depending on shielding, wiring and withstand voltage of equipment Xc sut gim PM ph thuc vo che chn p khng ca thit b. cch i d y v in

PSPD

Probability reducing PC, PM, PW and PZ when a coordinated SPD system is installed Xc sut gim PC, PM, PW and PZ khi h thng SPD ta c lp t.

PTA

Probability reducing PA depending on protection measures against touch and step voltages Xc sut gim PA ph thuc vo nhng bin php bo v chng in p tip xc v in p bc.

PU

Probability of injury to living beings by electric shock (flashes to a connected line) Xc sut tn thng sinh mng do in git (s t vo ng dy kt ni).

PV

Probability of physical damage to a structure a connected line)

(flashes to

Xc sut thit hi vt cht cho mt cng trnh (st vo ng dy kt ni).

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PW

Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to connected line) Xc sut h hng h thng bn trong (s t vo ng dy kt ni).

PX

Probability of damage relevant to a structure Xc sut thit hi pht sinh cho mt cng trnh.

PZ

Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a connected line) Reduction factor associated with the type of surface Xc sut h hng h thng bn trong (st vo gn ng dy kt ni) H s gim lin quan vi loi b mt.

rf

Factor reducing loss depending on risk of fire H s gim tn tht ph thuc vo ri ro chy.

rp

Factor reducing the loss due to provisions against fire H s gim tn tht do d phng chng chy.

R RA

Risk

Ri ro.

Risk component (injury to living beings flashes to structure) Thnh phn ri ro (tn thng sinh mng tia st vo cng trnh).

RB

Risk component (physical damage to a structure flashes to a structure) Thnh phn ri ro (thit hi vt cht cho cng trnh tia st vo cng trnh).

RC

Risk component (failure of internal systems flashes to structure) Thnh phn ri ro (h hng h thng bn trong tia st vo cng trnh).

RM

Risk component (failure of internal systems flashes near structure) Thnh phn ri ro (h hng h thng bn trong tia st gn cng trnh).

RS

Shield resistance per unit length of a cable in tr che chn m i n v chiu di ca cp.

RT

Tolerable risk

Ri ro chp nhn c. 100

RU

Risk component (injury to living being flashes to connected line) Thnh phn ri ro (tn thng sinh mng tia s t vo ng dy kt ni).

RV

Risk component (physical damage to structure flashes to connected line) Thnh phn ri ro (thit hi vt cht cho cng trnh tia s t vo ng dy kt ni).

RW

Risk component (failure of internal systems flashes to connected line) Thnh phn ri ro (h hng h thng bn trong tia st vo ng dy kt ni).

RX

Risk component for a structure Thnh phn ri ro cho mt cng trnh.

RZ

Risk component (failure of internal systems flashes near a line) Thnh phn ri ro (h hng h thng bn trong tia st gn mt ng dy).

R1

Risk of loss of human life in a structure Ri ro tn tht nhn mng trong mt cng trnh.

R2

Risk of loss of service to the public in a structure Ri ro tn tht dch v cng cng trong mt cng trnh.

R3

Risk of loss of cultural heritage in a structure Ri ro tn tht di sn vn ha trong mt cng trnh.

R4

Risk of loss of economic value in a structure Ri ro tn tht gi tr kinh t trong mt cng trnh.

R4

Risk R4 when protection measures are adopted Ri ro R4 khi cc bin php bo v c p dng.

S SM SL S1

Structure

Cng trnh.

Annual saving of money - Tit kim hng nm v tin. Section of a line Phn ca ng dy.

Source of damage Flashes to a structure Ngun thit hi Tia st vo cng trnh. 101

S2

Source of damage Flashes near a structure Ngun thit hi Tia st gn cng trnh.

S3

Source of damage Flashes to a line Ngun thit hi Tia s t vo ng dy.

S4

Source of damage Flashes near a line Ngun thit hi Tia st gn ng dy.

te

Time in hours per year of presence of people in a dangerous place outside the structure Thi gian tnh bng gi m i nm c hin din cng chng mt vng nguy him bn ngoi cng trnh.

tz

Time in hours per year that persons are present in a dangerous place Thi gian tnh bng gi m i nm m ngi ta hin din mt ni nguy him.

TD UW

Thunderstorm days per year - S ngy dng m i nm. Rated impulse withstand voltage of a system in p khng xung nh mc ca h thng.

wm W WJ

Mesh width

rng li. Chiu rng ca cng trnh.

Width of structure -

Width of the adjacent structure Chiu rng ca cng trnh lin k.

Subscript identifying the relevant risk component Ch s xc nh thnh phn ri ro pht sinh.

ZS

Zones of a structure - Vng ca mt cng trnh.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit:
* TCXDVN 46:2007: CHNG ST CHO CNG TRNH XY DNG - HNG DN THIT K KIM TRA V BO TR H THNG -- Protection of Structures Against Lightning - Guide for design, inspection and maintenance; * TCVN 8071:2009: Cng trnh Vin thng Quy tc thc hnh Chng s t v Tip t -Telecommunication plant Code of practice for lightning protection and earthing; * TCVN 7447: 2005-2010: H installations of buildings; thng Lp t in ca cc To nh -Electrical

* QCVN 9:2010/BTTTT: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V TIP T CHO CC TRM VIN THNG - National technical regulation on earthing of telecommunication stations; * QCVN 32:2011/BTTTT: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V CHNG ST CHO CC TRM VIN THNG V MNG CP NGOI VI VIN THNG -- National technical regulation on lightning protection for telecommunication stations and outside cable network; * T in Vt l Anh-Vit - EnglishVietnamese Physics Dictionary; ng Mng L n v Ng Quc Qu nh; NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni; 1976; * T in Ton hc Anh-Vit -- EnglishVietnamese Mathematics Dictionary; Hong Ty L Vn Thm v Nhm cng tc; NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni; 1976; * T in Khoa hc v K thut Anh-Vit -- EnglishVietnamese Scientific and Technical Dictionary; NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni; 1996; * T in K thut X y dng Anh-Vit - English-Vietnamese Dictionary of Construction Engineering; i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM; 1994; * T in K thut in AnhVit -- EnglishVietnamese Dictionary of Electrical Engineering; Quang t Gia Phan; NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni; 2003;

Ti liu ting Anh:

* IEC 62305:2010 Protection against Lightning -- Bo v Chng s t; * IEC 60364:2009 Electrical Installations of Buildings H thng Lp t in ca cc Ta nh; * NFPA 780:2008 Standard of Lightning Protection Systems -- Tiu chun H thng Chng s t; * BS 6651: 1999 Code of Practice for Protection of Structures against lightning Tiu chun thc hnh Bo v Chng s t cho Cng trnh; * BS 7430:1998 Code of Practice for Earthing -- Tiu chun Thc hnh Ni t; * NF C 17-102:1995 Protection of Structures and Open Areas Against Lightning using Early Streamer Emission Air terminals Bo v Chng s t cho Cng trnh v Sn bi dng Cc thu s t Phng tia Tin o; * ITU-T-K39:1996 RISK ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES TO TELECOMMUNICATION SITES DUE TO LIGHTNING DISCHARGES nh gi Ri ro ca cc Thit hi cho Cng trnh Vin thng do Phng in St; * ITU-T-K40:1996 PROTECTION AGAINST LEMP IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS CENTRES -chng Xung in t do S t trong cc Trung t m Vin thng; Bo v

* ITU-T-K27:1996 BONDING COFIGURATIONS AND EARTHING INSIDE A TELECOMMUNICATION BUILDING -- Cu hnh Lin kt v Ni t bn trong Ta nh Vin thng; * ITU-T-K47:2008 PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION LINES USING METALLIC CONDUCTORS AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING DISCHARGES Bo v ng d y Vin thng cp ng Chng Phng in s t Trc tip.

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Thy V Hng Cng

Ch nhim Chuyn THIT K IN HP CHUN
TRUNG TM IN T - MY TNH, I HC KHOA HC T NHIN, TP. H CH MINH, VIT NAM. 0983809620 , hungcuongcpc@yahoo.com , www.ttdtmt.com 227 Nguyn Vn C, Q.5, TPHCM, 145 Pasteur, Q.3, TPHCM, Tel: 08 38321998 Tel: 08 38241044

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