Professional Documents
Culture Documents
!#"%$'&)(+*-,/.0&+"1.32546(+,/789:7'/.3254;<'9=7'-7)>?A@CBD2575.E=?F@CBG-7H&(+&5IJ7;7+K/7('%$LM&'KN-75.M*O*P.Q,%46RS'TVUXWZYPU-[
>?F@CB]\ ^`_acbe d ^ fkj S'lm?on+p_q@kasr f B
fhg:i
E=?F@CBt\ uv_awbe d u x j S'lm?zy{p_q@ka}| x B
~%
x g:i
v&/'7(7+M.Q45%&'KN-7+-7"%$'&<'9:7'P7 >?F@CBE=?F@CB 2575.'&1'&+2+L,%K%&'KN-7+-&7(+&1%*!9=7*9kIJ7(+*-,/I&+"%&
~
=_O(+75IJ,/K%&+'9:*/[
- >?F@CBEk?A@CBC'@ \ ^v_uv_ P '@ auv_kbe d ^ f - j S'lm?on+p_X@asr f B@ a
_
_
_ fhg:i _
a^v_ be d u x _ - j S'lm?Fy{p_q@ka}| x B'@ a
x g:i
_
*!/I *-I0K%75.-&}(+*!,/IM'9:&:*!,%'9:7P&+LUXlCY-1Lv-&}&+(+&5I&s"%*PIVK%*P.(27'-7+K%-9:*-75.`
*-K%!,8*P.Q76P&+6~oL <'9=7'-&+V/.0"/.Q45M&+,%*-'VK %1*-n+p_N
v7+,%45"%*-.08V9=7 [
7+K%7('%$'%&+'9=* **P.Q,%4;RS'TUXWY-U-&;<'9=7[
>?A@CB
\lXWG?A@CB
(+&56(+*-,/I&5"%&+P&+6<'9=7'-&+*-IK/75.V=_\ 8.Q7'/I
,%'M.Q9=&(+&5.3KN-75%)V!M-&+6TYPU ~
lXW?A@CB\h P 11
257.%)"/.3K/L9k.325<H*-.Q,%4[
?A> EB \> >hEa1> E >E5a}E
8,%4+:&+'9:*/[
>?F@CB\ lXWZ ?F@CB\ - 1
\ ? 1 a 1 O 1 a 1 B
i
\ ? a 1 Ba ? a 1 B
\ ? j S'l? @CBa #j SLl? @CBCB
>?F@CB\ j S'lm? @CBa j S'l? @CB
*-K%!,8*P.Q76P&+6<'9=7'-&+* 9=.Q7{(+*-,/I&5"%&*-IK/75. [
m.Q7K%7"%&5$L9=*(27'-7+K%-9:*-75.V*!K%-,8*-.Q77+1%<*254/:*MLVK %1-7-&+<'9:7'P&+/
D%'K %1-7
' 'K/.V7 !V&+'9=**!K%-,8*-.Q7[
~
^ _ \ \ '
MG
102 3241657298;:=<>
?
V&+'9=*"%*-. %.:!K/7H(+*-,/.0&5"/.32 9k.87+"/.32 A@ <'9=7)>?F@CB7+K%7+('$'M*h-75.:**P.Q,%4;RS'TUXWY-U1[
>?F@CB\ be d f Cf B
fhg d
(+&5
f \ = _ _ - >?F@CB 1 Cf B '@
!!K%74''& (+*!,/.&+"/.32 9=.087+"/.32 <'9:7 E=?F@CB(+&+;!V*P.:'K6I"/.Q7(+*!,1I&+"/& =_9=*P&<'9=7{>?A@CB`2575.
-&;&(+&I&7+K%IV-&.0V7 7+K%7+('$'M*h-75.:**P.Q,%4;RS'TUXWY-U1[
Ek?A@CB\ be d x x B
xgd
25&1'&5P=&+$'9=*%'K IJ"/.Q7(+&+,%*PIJ7 ( (+7+,%7+(+4+K 9 K%&(+&+,%7 =7(+,%(+*P.DK/7(+,%&+-%&+'9=*(
V,%'M.Q9=&(+&5.&+$'9:*P79=.08V75"/.3254 <'9=7'-7=7+KN/I=8.Q7;E=?F@CB=7{V,%'M.Q9=&(+&5.Q<'&5L9=*-&ML/18--&+[
EE DP?F@CBDG%M.-&5L9=*%[
- >?F@CBE D ?A@CBC'@\ be d be d f D - f Ix H B '@
_
fhg d x g d x _ GF
\ =_ be d f fD
fhg d
(+&5)254+K/7+9:*,/<LM%L(+&1$)8KV%<'(!&'K ![K J M L V!ML
~
f xIH B @\ n \ y
_ GF
:_n6\y
~
(+&59:-K9:(+&+,%&+$'9=*K%7{8,%O4 NM&5L9=*%[
P
=_ _ >?A@CBE D ?F@CB@G\ fhg be d f fD
~
d
P7+K-7;"%$'&{M<L9=7'-7;*PIK%75.:IJ"/.Q7H %*(+75,%7(+4+K*-/I8,%4+:*h-7.[
-
/
: _ _ >?F@CB h'@G\ fhg be d f
~
d
V- / *PIK%75.-&=*,%'9=7HLUClXY!L1m8.Q7;9k.87+"/.324 <'9:7-7
PRQTSVU$WYX[Z~ \] UO^ _.\a`b^4cd e.fVU\]gRh Z\^Si_gRZ^4cfkjlg[mbhnjpo[qreSioRsltie.fVU\poRsluGvrw SGxv$X[Z\&jlmy\a_U\pob^ncd]efpU\]UjaslmgRhZ\kzg{q$|
mSCzgChlqru}UO^ _\l`b^4cldioRslt7sajash~sltoRs\lZCoR\aeo^4cdUX[mslugRh Z\l^USV`X[ZavQTg)\atGoyfIoSVZjag[mbh4jVo[qre.S7s^UO^ _\l`b^4clshetVZCog{xpg[eoyX[u
VC jl\lmsatpe.^lysltpZe.tVtG_f etpUUgoymbh\qruijlmsaukoyS;etpZdboySGoR\v`ySVxW ] vQoySpZjlg[mbh4jVo[qre.S6jlsat6oRs
e.fVU\6`g[ZgRh Z\^jlmy\a_U\pob^ncd]odbog`g[ZtGjlamgC^Sjl\lm\pjllZyqetpUUgoymbh\6eoRsltpuIe.tVZCoyg[xpg[eoyX[u pC v
*!,%&+$'9=*v/7+K%4{%'K7+K/4('%L/6*9k.87+"/.325<{*P.Q,%4HRSLTVUXWZYPU-&+H<'9:7-&+>?F@CB[
>?F@CB\ be d f Cf B
fhg d
~
! ,%7 /.(+,%&5(+7%=&+$'9:*K%77+K%7('%$'%&+'9=*P&sIJ"1.0&}M<L9=7}V,%'M.Q9=&(+&5.3K-7+%'KIJ"/.Q7}%$L(+&+
*P.Q,%4 Cf B 7'4(+&+&5.'KN%**-V%!"/*!K *-I0K%75.7(+7+,/75I%1-7s&5.'KN%**-V%! RS'TVUXWZYPU6 f 7
'95&/+~ I&+'9: *O-&+'K%!&+'MLK*!*!V%!v f (5.3(-&LKV,%'M.Q9=&(+&5.&+$'9:*9 K%& a 7+( -&+'
K%-&+''KN%**-V%!&( %*!V&+'9:*9k.Q7{(+,%&+!8V8.P&+67+,/V.32&+$HM<L9=7'-&5/[
e
> ?A@CB\
f Cf B
,
fhg
~
&{4%=&+7( %'K(+,/&+8V8.0M67+1%<8,%4+:*h-75.:1[
?F@CB\>?A@CB > `?F@CB
~
!&+'9:*K/7 *(5.3!/&+'9:*-&+'MLK*!*!V%! f h%M.:V%*-&'4/:&+7+1 K%7*-IK%7.k*4+.0VP&L8
25*!25,/.Q9=9:-K%7;*(5.38&+'9=*K%7;*7+.0-&(+&5.Q<'&+'9=*-&;9=!&6%*h%,%78VK/.32 M49=7[
P
-
= _ _ ?F@CB '@\ = _ _ ?A@CB D ?F@CB'@
~
KN/.3257%k.0VKNP7+V%'K %)V!M 257. , 9M(+&+,/&+$'9:*K/7H8,%4 NM&+'9=*v'K 1[
~
~
~ ~
?A@CB
\ fhg e ? f f B Cf B a f e f Rf B
~
f \ f n
257. %*v-&;*4+.0VP&{9=!M&6%*,/78VK/.32 :49:7;*-I0K%75.
x \ e f
f
1 P&7(+&1!*!9=7"%*-IVK%*-. /.%-&9=! %*h%,%78VK/.32 M49=7*-IK/75.L*4+.0VP& -7+K&5.L'KN%*!'*-V%!
f "/*!K*-IK/75.4'&5.M(+7+,%4&5.:'KN%**-V%!RS'TVUCWYPU f
(+&+9:-K;7+K 7+K%4('%'% *6*-.Q,%4 RSLTVUXWZYPU~ *-K {<'9:7-&+{(+*!,/.&+,/.V%*-I* ,%&+' %*67+K
=&+'9=*{K/7-V&+'9:*;P&9k.325, %*!,/&'4/:&+ 7( %'K(+,%&58V8.07+1%< &5.D'KN%**!-{!K ,K
7+1K "%*-K 9:(+&+,%*-I
K%7*PIK%75.G4+L&5.G7+( -&5L;'KN%*!'*-V%!HRS'TUXWY-UP (5.3(-&LK *(+*P.Q"%< -&*!'45V.V-&
:49:7{*-I0K%75.:4%:,/&5.09=7:*/.32+K7+,/. :9:K7+1 =7{9:*P.3K%*h-7. &H-& :7;7+'%45K%*h-7.
:6G)2 <>
?
d
\ be d be d x GF b x H B
3g x g d
\ be d d be d f x x Cf B
gd
h
f
g
x
d
R \lm\poySpmygCh~eogdbo^.dboR\lZjasVxVxa\pjaxp\le^4lsltVUge.fVU\poR\ioydbogrz\&mSVe.^Usajas^~slpUg`b^\aslmgo^4c e.VUlsGxp\i_.^\`gRh4caoyg[u
(+&+;n)\a}y
G%M.:&5.MMLK*!*!V%!RS'TVUXWZYPU f -&+6K/!&+H<'9:7'P&+L(+&/&18IJ%&'KN-75.k7+( 'K*!/I[
f \ be d f x x
xgd
( P7H(+75,%7(+4+K'K%*!(+48*h-7. /.[
be d f x x \ : _ _ - >?A@CBE=?F@CB 1 Cf B '@
xgd
`*-,/.0&5"/.325<{*h%*!,%&5'Vh/.0 Y-UXWZS VW jj UCS'lX[l j S'UXUCYP ! WSL
(+*!,1.0&+"/.32<'K%4+,'*%*!,%~ &+ MLM/.0'"%$'&9=.08V75"/.32+ K'9=4'!KO>?A@CB257.+Ek?A@CBG&+,1IJ%*hP75.+1[
Yr b1? B
\ : _ _ > D ?F@CBEk?A@k
a B@
~
K%.327%=.VKN-7+V%'K - -775KN/IVP&5.0V7 7+K/7('%$189=7'-7 **-.Q,/4RS'TUXWY-U!KML9=4'!K
~
- 8,%4+:*h-75.:1[
~
rr bL? B\ = _ _ P be d D 1 nB be d x x B x B '@
g
xgd
d
d
\ be d D ~B
3g
(+&+H2575.M(+4+.24+K%7+9=*V,% <'d %'8KV%<'K J M L M-' - Z
( -7(+7+,%7(+4+K% +(+&+'9=* /.G2575.
'K%4+,N%' %L;**-,%&+~ 'V%.'H75K%7('%$'*hP75.*
*-.Q,/4{RSLTVUXWZYPU9:*MLK*!*!V%!O D "%L7+"%<
Yr b'?A@CB\ be d D ~B
3g
2575.V*!(+&+9:-KO'K%4+,N%'*%*!,%&+MLM/.0' *Pd IK%75.52575.7+1%<(+*-,/.0&+"1.325<9:*(+*-,/I&5"%&6I9=*%LK
(+*!,/I&+"%&{-KML9=4'!K(+&+H'V*h/I7+9=*%
`*-,/.0&5"/.325<{7+1-&+'Vh/. YPUCWS VW j LT ! S j SLUXUXY- ! WS'
K;'V*%I&+'9=*P& <'9=7 ~ >?F@CB9=*P&LK;*-7+1 -&5; %*(+,%&2$1('%*P.m MLK/4+,N%'{%L75/P&
'Vh/.0ML1,/L:.Q9:&(+&.3KN-7+O-7)7(+&1%*-9:7-7)(+&+5,%<L257+9=*(+7+,/7(+4+K MLK/4+,N%'%'
7+1-&+'V%.'8,%4+:*h-75.:1[
rr?B \ : _ _ - > D ?F@CB>?F@aB'@
\ be d D ~B
g
~
\ be d d nB
g
K=*,/<LM&+'9:*9='"%*!K/.32<69=*h-72IK%'P&+H Md <L9=7'-&5 ;\ %*$'9:MK%7;9:*vP&):*!,%'9:7
-&+HLUXlCY-1Lm)'K%45,N%LM%L75/P&+'Vh/.0ML8.Q7;7+~ 1%<%' K%.Q9=<-&53H=7.0&+$1-7.M9=*v%LK
*!K%-,8*-.Q7{-&56<'9=7'-&+1[
rr 5? B\ be d \ >
g
(+&+ Z
'95&1+IJ%*-.%)K ,%9=7*!K <'9=7'- &+d 1
*h-72IK%')(+,%&+%)V,%&'K/.32<6V/.89=<@\
K-K%7;<'9:76>?A@CB7+K%7('%$'*-75.=**-.Q,/4HRS'TVUXWZYPU/[
>?A@CB\ be d f Rf B
fhg d
%*-&9:*-72. K/L9=!K/& <'9:7;27'%4;@_ >?F@ @_hB =77+K%7+('$'M*h-75.kM**-.Q,%4RSLTVUXWZYPUO9=*'Ka
%**!V%-
f 1 Cf B
((+,%&25$L('%*-.+*!$L25&1'77( %'K(+,%&518&+$'9=*!K%V-`9=*
7+('<7+K%.327'%4+V-7+M-&+`@m9=*@ @_
(+&+9=!K1[
>?A@ @_!B\ be d f 1 Cf B Rf B
fhg d
>
:72 57298; &:
t1
t2
V<'9=7 [
<'9=7;9:(+*-,/.0&5"/.32 (+*-,/.0&+,1.09=!K%'"1.Q4+,25*P.Q7+/
K%7=*,%<'&5L9=*{-&<'9=7(+*-,/.0&5"/.32 (+4+.
75/ Z **7+K*!=.Q4L'.* -&&+(+&5I&}*9=I7(+*-,/I&+"%&
~
8,%4+:*h-7.
>?F@CB\ ^ =+ _ @ @&=_ : _
( %*O5q575.Q7;9M(+&5,%&+$'9:*K/7{-&;7+K%7('%$'%&+'9=***-.Q,%4;RS'TVUXWZYPU257'%4{-7{8KV%4 L7+"%<
_\ = _ _ -[ ^'@\ =^ _ = _ \ ^
257.8.Q7n \
f \ : _ _ -[ ^ 1 Rf B '@
\ 5 n5^ ? B f
*!(+&+9:-K1[
f \ ^ nn;(+4+*!,N,1/..QN7 %4
n+
G%M.-&;<'9:7H8,%4+:*h-75.=*7+K/4('%189=7RS'TVUCWY-U1[
>?F@CB\ ^ a ^ be d n a bF f b i H B
fhg d
x(t)
A
t1
To
*!(+&+9:-K
>?F@a =_ B
\ ^ a ^ be d ? n a B f G F f b i H B
fhg d
_
&;<'9=7H9=*h%4H%)9:*-72I0K%'<-&567+,/.V%*!,%4{2574 :75IK%*-75.:V-&V<L9=7
A
V<L9=7-[7&;(+*!,/.&+"/.32 <'9=7H9=*h%4H%)9=*h-72IK%'<P&+67+,1.0V%*!,/4H27'%4 :_
To
L