INVERSION

Inversion is used to give emphasis or to be rhetorical in more formal situations, in political speeches, on the news, and also in literature. Some native speakers may also use them occasionally in day-to-day conversation. Inversion involves putting an auxiliary verb before the subject of a clause.

ADV + AUXILIARY VERB + S + V

1. Khi ng u cu l Here, There th : Nu S l N : Eg : Here / There + V + N Nu S l Pronoun khng o ng Eg : Here he comes.

The bus comes here. Here comes the bus.

2. o ng vi No v Not : No +N + Inversion Not any + N Eg : Not any money will I give you from now on. Eg : No money will I give you from now on.

3. o ng dng vi cc trng t ch tn sut : Never, Rarely, Seldom, . Dng ch yu vi th HTHT : Eg : ADV + HAS/HAVE + S + PII

She has rarely been asked that question. Rarely has she been asked that question. They have seldom left their town. Seldom have they left their town.

4. Php o ng cp 1 s kin lin sau s kin khc :

Hardly Barely Scarcely

+ had + S + PII + when + Clause (Simple past) Va mi th

No sooner + had + S + PII + than + Clause (Simple past)

Eg : As soon as the train had left when there was an explosion. No sooner had the train left than there was an explosion. No sooner had she graduated from the university than she got married.

5. Php o ng thc hin vi cc trng t thi gian c ONLY ng u cu : ONLY AFTER + N/Ving/clause + Vaux + S + V : Ch sau khi Only after lunch can you play. (You can play only after lunch.) Only after finishing your homework can you play. (You can play only after finishing your homework.) Only after you have finished your homework can you play. (You can play only after you have finished your homework.) ONLY BY + N/Ving + Vaux + S + V: Ch bng cch Only by guessing can you solve this puzzle. (You can solve this puzzle only by guessing.) ONLY IF clause + Vaux + S + V: Ch khi, nu Only if everybody agreed would I accept this position. (I would accept this position only if everybody agreed.) ONLY IN THIS/THAT WAY + Vaux + S + V: Ch bng cch ny/ Only in this way does this machine work. (This machine works only in this way.) ONLY THEN + Vaux + S + V: Ch n lc Only then did they discover his secret. (They discovered his secret only then.) ONLY WHEN + clause + Vaux + S + V: Ch n khi Only when he needed some help did he call me. (He called me only when he needed help.) 2

Only when I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken. (I noticed that my glass was broken only when I filled it.) ONLY WHEN c th c thay th bng NOT UNTIL Not until I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken. (I didnt notice that my glass was broken until I filled it.) Nu ng sau ONLY l ch ng nm u cu th khng c o ng. V d Only you can understand. (no one else can understand)6. Php o ng vi cc trng t ph nh : In / Under no circumstances In no way For no reason at all On no account At no time No where By no means : D bt c l do g cng khng : D trong bt c hon cnh no cng khng. : Khng sao c th

: Hon ton khng

ADV + AUXILIARY VERB (Khng nh ) + S + V Eg : You shouldnt phone the police under any circumstances. Under no circumstances should you phone the police. You must touch this button at any time. At not time must you touch this button. You wont see such a beautiful girl any where. No where will you see such a beautiful girl. For no reason at all did the murderer kill Mr. John . In no way could I agree with you. By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.

7. Php o ng vi trng t NOT UNTIL

Khng mi cho n khi

Bn thn trng t mang ngha ph nh nn khi thc hin php o, tr T dng khng nh. Lun thc hin php o v 2 ca cu. Eg : I didnt realize that I had lost my wallet until I got home. Not until I got home did I realize that I had lost my wallet.

I didnt know him until I met him. Not until I met him did I know him.

8. Php o ng vi trng t : LITTLE Php o ng ny mang ngha ph nh, thng thc hin vi cc ng t ch nhn bit, suy ngh (know, realize, suppose, think, consider) Eg : I dont know about this meeting. Little do I know about this meeting. She doesnt realize how much important this means. Little does she realize how much important this means.

9. Php o ng vi SO : S + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE SO + ADJ + BE + S + THAT + CLAUSE

Eg :

The boy were so handsome that all the girls fell in love with him. So handsome were the boy that all the girls fell in love with him.

10. Php o ng vi "SUCH" : S + V + SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + THAT + CLAUSE SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + V + S + THAT + CLAUSE Eg : Tom is such a handsome boy that all the girls in our class cant help glancing at him. Such a handsome boy is Tom that all the girls in our class cant help glancing at him. Shelly has such beautiful eyes that she got a job as a make-up model. Such beautiful eyes has Shelly that she got a job as a make-up model.

11. No longer No more + Inversion : Khng cn na

Eg :

I dont love him any longer. No longer do I love him.

12. Php o ng vi cu iu kin : o ng bao gi cng xy ra mnh iu kin : a. TYPE I : If + do, will do Should + S + do, S + will + do Eg : If I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him. Should I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him.

b. TYPE II : If + S + did, S + would do Were + S + to V, S +would do Eg : If I were you, I would love him. Were I (to be) you, I would love him.

If people drove so slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents. Were people to drive so slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.

c. TYPE III : If + S + had + done, S + would have done Had + S + done, S + would have done Eg : If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam. Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

13. NOT ONLY BUT ALSO Eg : Not only is he ugly, but he is also lazy. Not only does he speak English well but he also sings beautifully.

14. So, nor, neither, Neithernor Eg : Im from Hanoi. So am I I dont like her. Nor / Neither do I Neither the dress nor the jeans does she like.

15. o ng vi mt s trng t ch phng hng, ni chn th ta chia lun ng t, khng cn o tr ng t do / does / did Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) Eg : Under the banana tree sat they learning English. Up the hill were running a group of kids. On the grass are lying the boys. Into the room ran the lady. First comes love, then comes marriage. Along the road came a strange procession.

16. ADJ + AS = ALTHOUGH Eg : Although science has accomplished much in this century, theres still more to be done. Much as science has accomplished in this century, theres still more to be done. Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose. Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose.

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