Giaotrinh Giangday

Gio trnh l thuyt v thc hnh MapInfo
Chng I
TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN NA L V PHN MM MAPINFO

I. TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN NA L (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM GIS)
A. Gii thiu Khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin, gia cc ngnh xm nhp vo nhau, an xen vo nhau, h tr v thc Ny ln nhau pht trin ngy cng nhanh hn. Nht l khoa hc cng ngh tin hc pht trin nhanh v thm nhp su vo cc lnh vc khoa hc khc. T nhng nm cui thp nin 80, h thng thng tin a l (GIS) bt u thm nhp vo Vit Nam qua cc d n hp tc Quc t. Tuy nhin, cho n nhng nm cui th k XX, GIS mi c c hi pht trin ti Vit Nam. GIS ngy cng c nhiu ngi bit n nh mt cng c h tr qun l trong cc lnh vc qun l ti nguyn thin nhin, qun l t ai, xy dng bn Hin nay nhiu c quan nh nc v doanh nghip v ang tip cn s dng cng ngh thng tin a l (cng ngh GIS) gii quyt nhng bi ton thit k quy hoch s dng t, qun l v thit k cc cng trnh c s h tng k thut, xy dng chin lc v th trung S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin a l vi nhiu ng dng hu hiu thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu ngi v nhng p dng ngy cng phong ph to iu kin thun li cho s pht trin ca khoa hc thng tin a l B. nh ngha Ty theo cch tip cn m c nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v H thng thng tin a l. 1. GIS l mt hp cng c mnh dng lu tr v truy vn ty , bin i v hin th d liu khng gian t th gii thc cho nhng mc tiu c bit. nh ngha ny ph hp vi nhng cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau c s dng GIS thc hin mt s bi ton phn tch khng gian trn my tnh. 2. GIS l mt h thng t ng thu thp, lu tr, truy vn phn tch v hin th d liu khng gian. Trong nh ngha ny, nhng chc nng c bn ca mt h thng thng tin a l c cp. Trong , cht lng d liu c cao bng cch nhn mnh n phng php thu thp d liu t ng loi tr nhng sai lch do cc phng php thu thp d liu th cng mang li. 3. GIS l mt trng hp c bit ca h thng thng tin vi c s gm nhng i tng, nhng hot ng hay nhng s kin phn b trong khng gian c biu din nh nhng im, ng, vng trong h thng my tnh. H thng thng tin a l x l, truy vn d liu theo im, ng, vng phc v cho nhng hi p v phn tch c bit. nh ngha cp n tnh thi gian khi m rng khi nim thng tin a l n cc i tng, cc hot ng, cc hin
Bin son: TS. Phm Th Xun Th - Nguyn Xun Bc 1
tng, ng thi cng ch ra phng php biu din cc i tng, hot ng, s kin p ng yu cu x l bng my tnh. 4. H thng thng tin a l l mt h thng c chc nng x l cc thng tin a l nhm phc v vic quy hoch, tr gip quyt nh trong mt lnh vc chuyn mn nht nh. nh ngha quan tm kh nng ng dng ca mt h thng thng tin a l. 5. H thng thng tin a l l mt h thng s dng c s d liu tr li cc cu hi v bn cht a l ca cc thc th a l. 6. H thng thng tin a l l mt h thng qun tr c s d liu bng my tnh thu thp, lu tr, phn tch v hin th d liu khng gian. y l mt nh ngha da vo chc nng ca mt h thng thng tin a l. 7. H thng thng tin a l l mt h thng bao gm cc chc nng: 1. Nhp d liu, 2. Qun l d liu (lu tr v truy xut), 3. Gia cng v phn tch d liu, 4. Xut d liu. y cng l mt nh ngha da vo chc nng ca mt h thng thng tin a l. 8. GIS l mt b cng c lu tr, truy vn, bin i, hin th d liu khng gian ca cc i tng trong th gii thc theo thi gian thc. 9. V.v Nhng nh ngha trn cho thy rng h thng thng tin a l c nhng kh nng ca mt h thng my tnh (phn cng, phn mm) v cc thit b ngoi vi dng nhp, lu tr, truy vn, x l, phn tch v hin th hoc xut d liu. Trong , c s d liu ca h thng cha d liu ca cc i tng, cc hot ng, cc s kin phn b theo khng gian v thi gian. C th ni cch khc rng h thng thng tin a l l mt h thng my tnh (phn cng, phn mm) v cc thit b ngoi vi c kh nng tr li cc cu hi c bn Ai? Ci g? u? Khi no? Nh th no? Ti sao? Khi c xc nh trc mt hoc vi ni dung trong cc cu hi . Trong cc cu hi Ai? Ci g? Xc nh cc i tng, cc hot ng, cc s kin cn kho st; cu tr li u? Xc nh v tr ca i tng hoc hot ng hoc s kin; cu tr li Nh th no? Hoc Ti sao? L kt qu phn tch ca h thng thng tin a l. C. Cc b phn cu thnh mt h thng thng tin a l 1.Phn cng (Hardware) :Bao gm: My vi tnh, bn v, my qut, my in 2.Cc chng trnh phn mm (Software): Cc chng trnh phn mm xy dng GIS phi c cc chc nng: a. Nhp d liu, b. Lu tr v qun l d liu, c. Phn tch v x l d liu, d. Hin th, trch xut d liu theo yu cu, giao din vi ngi s dng. 3. C s d liu a l (Spatial Database) C s d liu khng gian (Spatial) : M t cc tnh cht a l (hnh dng, v tr) C s d liu thuc tnh (Attribute): M t cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng a l. 4. i ng chuyn gia (GIS team): Bao gm i ng cc chuyn vin lm vic vi h thng thng tin a l cc mc v k nng khc nhau. y l yu t quan trng v quyt nh
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Bin son: TS. Phm Th Xun Th - Nguyn Xun Bc
trong vic xy dng, qun l v khai thc h thng thng tin a l nhm p ng mt cch y v nhanh chng theo mc ch t ra.
II. TNG QUAN V PHN MM MAPINFO

A. Gii thiu phn mm MapInfo MapInfo l mt trong nhng phn mm phc v cho vic xy dng v qun l d liu h thng thng tin a l. MapInfo trang b kh nng x l d liu (bao gm c nhng lnh truy vn SQL chn ra i tng) v cc c tnh hin th gi tr trn mn hnh: - MapInfo c kh nng m cc tp tin d liu dng dBASE hoc FoxBASE, Lotus 1-2-3 v Microsoft Excel. Nhp vo cc tp tin hnh nh vi nhiu dng thc khc nhau. Ngoi ra, MapInfo cn c th t to tp tin d liu ca n. MapInfo cho php xem thng tin trong 3 loi ca s: Map, Browser v Graph tng ng vi ca s bn , bng thuc tnh v th. K thut lin kt nng ca cc loi ca s cho php xem cng mt thng tin trn nhiu ca s khc nhau. Khi thay i thng tin trong mt ca s, s thay i ny s c cp nht mt cch t ng sang cc ca s khc. MapInfo cho php ph nn bn bng nhng tm nh im. Kh nng ny lm tng qui m, gi tr ca bn nn. Kh nng thc hin nhng s la chn bng ngn ng SQL ca MapInfo cho php thc hin php chn i tng nhanh chng v tin li trn mt hay nhiu bng. B cng c v, hiu chnh bn v cc hm chc nng hon ho khc tr gip trong
qu trnh xy dng bn . - Cng c Save Workspace cho php lu tt c ca s ang lm vic vo mt tp tin duy nht. iu ny gip m cc ca s cn thit mt cch nhanh chng, tit kim thi gian, trnh sai st. - MapInfo cho php xy dng trang in trong ca s Layout vi tp lnh tr gip rt hu hiu. - MapInfo cho php thay i h quy chiu ca cc lp bn khi bt u s ha cng nh khi hin th chng. C th ni, MapInfo l mt phn mm c thit k ha hp vi cc phn mm khc, ngi s dng khng phi thay i cch lm vic trn my tnh, MapInfo ch lm thay i kt qu nhn c. C th bt u lm vic vi MapInfo trn ngun d liu trong bng tnh Excel, bng d liu ca Foxpro, cc bng v CAD hoc nhng d liu a l khc. Nu cha c sn ngun d liu, MapInfo cung cp cng c to ra ngun d liu ph hp. B. Hng dn ci t phn mm * Nhng yu cu i vi h thng:
Hin nay chng ta ang s dng phn mm MapInfo phin bn 6.0 v 7.5 kh ph bin (trc y ch dng phin bn 3.0 v 4.0), do cu hnh my tnh cn tha cc yu cu sau: 1. Yu cu v b nh: MapInfo lm vic trn mi trng Windows cn ti thiu 32MB Ram, tt nht nn c sn 64MB Ram. 2. Yu cu v khng gian a cng: Phn mm MapInfo chim khong trn 100MB, khng k cc d liu. 3. Yu cu v mn hnh: loi VGA hoc cc loi mn hnh c phn gii cao hn. 4. Yu cu v h iu hnh: Windows 95 tr ln. Nhng yu cu trn l ti thiu ci t phn mm MapInfo, nu my tnh c cu hnh mnh v tt hn th cc x l nh tnh ton hay truy xut thng tin s nhanh hn v tit kim c nhiu thi gian hn cho ngi s dng. * Ci t MapInfo - a a CD phn mm MapInfo 7.5 vo CD-Rom trn my tnh. - Mn hnh ci t MapInfo Professional CD Browser xut hin. Nu mn hnh ny khng xut hin, hy m Windows Explorer v tm trn CD tp tin Setup.exe c biu tng chng trnh ci t , chn tp tin ny ri nhn phm Enter khi ng
Nhn Next
Chn I accept the terms in the license agreement, nhp chut chn Next
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Nhp DHSP vo Organization, tip tc nhn Next
Nhn Next > Next > Next > Install : qu trnh ci t bt u.
Trong qu trnh ci t, MapInfo s a ra hp thoi hi kim tra cp nht phn mm trn trang web, bn hy chn No. Khi phn mm c ci t hon tt nhn Finish.
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C. T chc thng tin bn trong MapInfo 1. T chc thng tin theo cc tp tin Trong MapInfo cc thng tin c t chc theo tng Table (bng), mi Table l tp hp cc File v thng tin ha hoc phi ha cha cc record (mNu tin) d liu m h thng to ra. Di y chng ti s gii thiu v c cu t chc ca mt Table (bng) trong MapInfo : V d: Ta c mt Table tn Vn_Tinh, trong c cha cc i tng a l c t chc theo 5 tp tin sau:
a. Vn_Tinh.tab : Cha cc thng tin m t d liu. l tp tin dng vn bn m t khun dng ca File lu tr thng tin. b. Vn_Tinh.dat : Cha cc thng tin nguyn thy. Phn m rng ca tp tin ny c th l *.wks, *.dbf, *.xls nu thng tin nguyn thy l cc s liu t Lotus 1-2-3, FoxBase v Excel. c. Vn_Tinh.map : Bao gm cc thng tin m t v khng gian ca cc i tng a l. d. Vn_Tinh.id : Bao gm cc thng tin v s lin kt gia cc i tng vi nhau. e. Vn_Tinh.ind : Cha cc thng tin v ch mc i tng. Tp tin ny ch c khi trong cu trc ca Table c t nht 1 trng (Field) d liu c chn l ch s ha (Index). Thng qua cc thng tin ca File ny chng ta c th thc hin tm kim thng tin qua mt s ch tiu cho trc bng chc nng Find ca MapInfo 2. T chc thng tin theo cc lp i tng Trong GIS ni chung v MapInfo ni ring u c hai thnh phn chnh l d liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh, hai thnh phn ny phi c lin kt vi nhau:
D liu thuc tnh
D liu khng gian
D liu khng gian l biu din hnh hc ca cc i tng a l lin kt vi v tr trn th gii thc. Nhng i tng a l c tm lc vo vo bn cch biu din : dng text, dng im, dng ng v dng vng
D liu dng Text
D liu dng im
D liu dng ng
D liu dng vng
Vi cch t chc qun l thng tin theo tng i tng nh vy gip cho phn mm MapInfo xy dng thnh cc khi thng tin c lp cho cc mnh bn my tnh. iu s rt thun tin v rt linh hot khi cn to ra cc bn my tnh vi cc ch khc nhau. V chng ta rt d dng thm vo cc lp thng tin cn thit hoc loi b cc lp thng tin khng cn thit theo ch c t ra. Chng trnh MapInfo qun l v tru tng ha cc i tng a l trong th gii thc thnh cc Layer (lp) bn my tnh khc nhau nh: i tng ch (Text) : Th hin cc i tng ca bn nh nhn, tiu , ghi ch, a danh i tng im (Point): Th hin v tr c th ca cc i tng a l nh: cc im mc, im ct c, im kim sot giao thng i tng ng (Line): Th hin cc i tng a l chy di theo mt khong cch nht nh v khng c ng vin khp kn. C th l cc on ng thng, ng gp khc nh: ng giao thng, cc sng nh, sui i tng vng (Region): Th hin cc i tng a l c ng vin khp kn v bao ph mt vng din tch nht nh. V d nh lnh th a gii ca mt x, huyn, khonh t s dng vo nng nghip.
D. Giao din v cc cng c s dng chnh trong phn mm MapInfo 1. Khi ng chng trnh MapInfo: Chng ta c th khi ng chng trinh MapInfo bng nhiu cch khc nhau. y chng ti xin a ra hai cch kch hot chng trnh nhanh v thng dng nh sau: Cch 1: Bn bm chut vo nt Start, chn Programs, chn MapInfo, chn MapInfo Professional 7.5 SCP. Cch 2: Nhp i chut vo biu tng sau: trn mn hnh nn.
Sau khi chng trnh c khi ng th s xut hin mt hp thoi Quick Start nh hnh
Trong hp thoi ny c cc chc nng nh sau: Restore Previous Session : M li tt c cc Table cng nh cch trnh by trn mn hnh ca phin lm vic trc. Open Last used Workspace : Nu chn chc nng ny th chng trnh MapInfo s m li trang lm vic m s dng ln cui cng c tn l Danglam.Wor (Danglam c thay bng mt tn file c th ca ngi s dng) Open a Workspace: Nu chn chc ny v sau bm OK mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi m file ca mi trng Windows khi chng ta s thc hin chn tn trang lm vic v chn nt Open m trang lm vic chn. Open a Table: Nu chn chc nng ny v sau bm chn OK mn hnh s hin ra hp thoi m file ca mi trng Windows khi chng ta s thc hin chn tn ca Table v chn nt Open m Table chn
Lu : Nu bn khng mun xut hin hp thoi ny mi ln khi ng MapInfo, vo Options > Preferences > Startup v b nh du trong hp Display Quick Start Dialog.
Nu khng mun truy nhp vo cc chc nng trn ca hp hi thoi Quick Start th chng ta c th bm Cancel tr v mn hnh thc n ca chng trnh MapInfo. Mn hnh hin th nh sau:
Gii thiu cc cng c ca MapInfo a. Thanh cng c chnh (Main) Chn i tng bng cch tr trc tip ln i tng Chn cc i tng nm trong phm vi mt hnh ch nht Chn cc i tng nm trong hnh trn bn knh ty Chn cc i tng nm trong nhiu lp theo vng chn Hy cc i tng ang chn o vng chn i tng Chn i tng th Phng to Thu nh Kch hot hp Change View cho php thay i cc thng s tm nhn Ko r mnh bn thy nhng vng b khut Kch hot hp Info xem thng tin ca i tng To mt lin kt nng (Hotlink) t nhn cho i tng Ko r ca s bn sang mt trnh ng dng khc Kch hot hp Layer, cho php i tnh cht ca cc lp bn Kch hot thc o khong cch
Kch hot ca s Legend Tnh tng cc i tng ang c chn b. Thanh cng c v (Drawing) V im, mi im c k hiu bng mt symbol V on thng V a tuyn, bao gm nhiu on thng ni tip nhau V cung trn V a gic V hnh trn hoc elip V hnh vung hoc hnh ch nht V hnh vung hoc hnh ch nht gc bo trn G i tng vn bn To cc Frame trong mn hnh Layout Cho php bt, tt ch Reshape, gip chnh sa i tng Thm nt vo i tng trong ch Reshape Kch hot hp thoi Symbol Style, cho php chn loi k hiu Kch hot hp thoi Line Style, cho php chn loi ng nt Kch hot hp thoi Region Style, cho php chn loi vin, mu a gic Kch hot hp thoi Text Style, cho php chn kiu ch, c ch c. Thanh cng c chng trnh (Tool) Nt chy chng trnh. Hin ln danh sch cc chng trnh c to sn v cho php chn la mt trong cc chng trnh chy. Cho php Nn hoc hin ca s MapBasic d. Hp thoi Layer Control Hp thoi Layer Control cha ng mi cng c gip iu khin cc lp bn , trong hp thoi tt c cc lp tham gia to nn bn v nhng c tnh ca tng lp: Visible (hin th), Editable (cho php chnh sa), Selectable (cho php chn la), Auto Label (hin th nhn) u c hin th y . Mun thay i c tnh ca lp no, di chuyn thanh sang n v tr ca lp v bt/tt cc c tnh mong mun.
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Trong hp Layer Control trn, chng ta c 8 lp hnh thnh nn bn v 1 lp Cosmetic Layer. Cc lp ny ang nm theo dng chng (stack), lp trn c th che khut lp di nu i tng ca lp trn ln hn so vi i tng ca lp di. Mun sp xp li v tr cc lp, ta di chuyn thanh sng n lp v nhn nt Up hoc Down di chuyn ln hay xung. Lp Cosmetic Layer Mi ca s Map trong MapInfo u c lp Cosmetic, y l lp trn cng trong mi ca s Map. Lp ny c th lu cc i tng ha, i tng text Trong trng hp mun xa cc i tng trn lp Cosmetic - Chn Map > Clear Cosmetic Layer Nu mun lu li ni dung ca lp Cosmetic - Chn Map > Save Cosmetic Objects Chn ch hin th cho mt lp Trong hp thoi Layer Control, bn c th chn ch hin th cho mi lp bng cch nhn nt Display hoc nhp p vo mt lp hin th hp thoi Display Options.
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Trong hp thoi ny bn c th bt/tt ch hin th ( Display Mode), chn ch hin th cc i tng ha theo kiu mi, ci t ch hin th ca cc lp theo ch phng i v hin th hng, trng tm, nt ca cc i tng ha. Display Mode: i vi mi loi i tng im, ng, vng, vn bn c mt ch hin th trong Display Mode khc nhau. (**) Zoom Layering: Hin th ni dung ca mt lp bn trong mt gii hn phng i (max, min) bt k. Show Line direction : Ch hng t im u n im cui i vi i tng l ng. Show Node: Hin th trn mn hnh cc im nt khng ch. Show Centroids: Hin th trn mn hnh cc im tm ca vng. (**) Chng ta s xem xt hp thoi Display Mode chi tit i vi tng loi i tng: A. i vi i tng ng: - Style thay i kiu ng - Color thay i mu ng - Khung Width thay i dy ca ng - Sau khi chn xong, bm OK thc hin hoc nhn Cancel hy b tc dng. B. i vi i tng vng: Ti khung Fill, Pattern thay i kiu t mu cho vng. Foreground thay i mu t vng Background thay i kiu t nn ca vng
Ti khung Border, Style thay i kiu ng bao Color thay i mu ng bao Khung Width thay i dy ng bao
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C. i vi i tng im
Font chn kiu k hiu c trong h thng Symbol chn loi k hiu trong danh sach Font Color thay i mu ca k hiu Nhp gc quay cho i tng im trong hp Rotation Angle
Ngoi ra bn c th thay i cc tham s trong khung Background v Effect lm tng thm s thNm m ca cc k hiu.
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Chng II
TO V HIU CHNH D LIU KHNG GIAN

Kh nng to v hiu chnh bn ca MapInfo mang n cho bn nhng phng tin to v hiu chnh d liu khng gian v cng phong ph. Giao din ca cc cng c v tp lnh trong Drawing rt thn thin vi ngi s dng. c tnh cho php hin th cc im nt, hng on thng v tm im ca i tng gip bn d dng iu khin cc i tng khi tin hnh hiu chnh chng.
I. S DNG NH RASTER TO D LIU KHNG GIAN

Nhng hnh nh c lu vo my tnh di dng nhng tp tin nh im (Raster Images) c th hin th trong ca s Map ca MapInfo. Ngi ta thng dng nhng hnh nh loi ny lm nn cho cc bn vector. Chng hn, bn c th qut bn a hnh vo my tnh, sau s dng cc cng c v tin hnh to cc lp bn trn nn bn nh im qut vo my tnh. Phn ny s tp trung trnh by nhng vn sau y: Hnh nh im (Raster Images) l g? Mt vi cng dng ca nhng tp tin nh im Cc loi nh im m MapInfo c th hin th c M mt tp tin nh im ng k mt tm nh im
1. Hnh nh im (Raster Images) l g? Hnh nh im l mt loi hnh nh c lu li trong my tnh in t, chng to nn hnh nh bng tp hp nhng im nh (pixels) trn mn hnh. nh im khc hn vi hnh vector (Vector Images). hnh vector, cc i tng cha cu trc d liu ta , chng c i din bi ta X v Y trn bn . Trong MapInfo, nh im ch c dng nh mt lp bn dng tham kho v chng ta ch c th xem m khng th thao tc hiu chnh cc i tng trn lp nh im ny cng nh khng th gn cc gi tr thuc tnh ln cc i tng bn trn chng. nh im rt thch hp lm nn t chng ta hnh thnh cc lp bn vector ln trn chng. V l hnh nh qut t bn ngoi vo, cho nn nh im c th cha nhiu chi tit hn cc lp bn vector. Tuy nhin, ch nn s dng nh im khi ch nh r h quy chiu cho lp im nh , nu khng bn khng th thc hin vic ph cc lp bn vector ln trn n.
C nhiu cch to ra cc tp nh im. Nu bn c my Scan v c phn mm Scan, bn c th s dng my ny qut hnh nh vo my tnh. MapInfo c th hin th cc hnh nh do bn qut vo bng my Scan. Mc d MapInfo khng lin lc c vi my Scan nhng n c th c cc tp tin do my Scan to ra. 2. Mt vi cng dng ca nhng tp tin nh im Chuyn ti hnh nh vo MapInfo
Khi s dng cc tp tin nh im bn c th a bn giy, nh chp hay nhng hnh nh s khc vo trong MapInfo S dng nh im nh lp nn cho cc lp bn vector khc
Khi nh im c cho hin th trong mt ca s bn , bn c th thay i kch thc, h s t l, tm im ca ca s mt cch d dng bng cch s dng cc cng c r ko, phng to, thu nh Mt bc nh im c th hin th nhiu chi tit rt phc tp m cc lp bn vector kh lng thc hin c. Th d, mt nh im m t khu dn c lao ng bao gm nhiu khu nh xen k cc ct hm chng cht. Nu s dng hnh vector, chng ta kh lng thc hin y cc chi tit nh hnh nh im. Bng cch s dng cc nh im lm nn cho cc i tng ha nm trn mt lp bn vector khc, bn c th c c mt nn bn v cng chi tit. Khi ph mt lp bn vector ln trn mt nn bn nh im, bn c th s dng nh im nh mt bn tham chiu gip bn hiu chnh sa cha cc i tng ha ca bn mt cch chnh xc. 3. Cc loi tp tin nh im m MapInfo c th hin th c C nhiu dng tp tin hnh nh, nhng cc dng sau y MapInfo c th s dng: *.jpg, *.gif, *.tif, *.pcx, *.bmp, *.bil. Cc ty chn v mu sc
MapInfo chp nhn nhng loi nh im c kiu mu sc nh sau: nh en trng: Nhng nh im loi ny to nn hnh nh bng nhng pixel trng v en. Chng chim mt dung lng a ti thiu v c th hin th mt cch nhanh chng trn my tnh. nh trng en c sc xm: Nhng nh im loi ny to nn hnh nh bng nhng pixel trng, en v xm.
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nh mu: Nhng nh im loi mu c to nn t nhng pixel mu. Mu sc ca tm nh ph thuc vo loi tp tin nh. Mt tm nh mu loi 8 bit s dng 1 byte m ha mu sc cho 1 pixel trn mn hnh. iu ny c ngha l tm nh ca bn s c 256 mu bi v mi bit c 28 = 256 trng thi.
Tng t nh th, chng ta cn c loi nh 24 bit, tc 16 triu mu. vic hin th nhng tm nh em li kt qa tt nht, bn nn s dng loi mn hnh c phn gii cao. 4. M mt tp tin nh im Ln u tin khi bn m mt tp tin nh im trong MapInfo, bn cn phi tri qua mt thao tc x l m MapInfo gi l Register (ng k nh). Nh vy MapInfo mi c th nh v tm nh im ca bn mt cch chnh xc trn ca s bn . Bn thc hin iu ny trong hp thoi Images Register. Trong hp thoi ny, bn ng k ta ca mt s im trn tm nh vi MapInfo. Cc thng tin v ta ny cung cp cho MapInfo v tr, h s phng i, gc quay ca nh im. Nh vy, MapInfo c th to c s tng hp gia tm nh im ca bn vi cc lp bn vector m sau ny bn c th ph ln. Vic ng k nh s to ra tp tin c phn m rng l .TAB. Tp tin ny MapInfo dng cha nhng thng tin v ta . MapInfo hin th nhng tm nh im ng nh thc t, bn cn phi ch nh h qui chiu cho cc tm nh im khi ng k chng. iu rt cn thit bi v nhng bc nh chp thng khng thch hp khi hin th chng chung trong mt ca s Map vi nhng lp bn vector. Mt s vn khc cng rt quan trng m bn cn quan tm khi ng k mt tm nh, l vic a nhng im iu khin (Control Point) v ta ca chng tht chnh xc vo MapInfo. Bn thc hin iu ny cng chnh xc th bin dng ca nh im cng t. Bn ch phi ng k mt tm nh im khi bn m n ln u tin trong MapInfo. nhng ln sau, bn ch cn chn tp tin nh im c tn trng vi tn tp tin nh im ca bn nh phn m rng l .TAB. MapInfo s m tp tin nh im ca bn vi nhng thng tin ta m bn khai bo trong ln u tin. 5. ng k mt tm nh im ng k mt tm nh im: c 2 cch ng k mt tm nh im trong MapInfo. Trong c 2 phng php, bn phi iu chnh ta ca cc im iu khin trn ca s Map v gn ghp chng vi ta ca cc im tng ng trn tm nh im. Cch 1: Nhp ta cc im iu khin t bn phm (Dng trong trng hp nh im bit ta cc im iu khin)
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Cch 2: Xc nh ta cc im iu khin t mn hnh, sau MapInfo s t ng chuyn thng tin ca cc im ny vo hp thoi Register Image. (Dng trong trng cha bit ta cc im iu khin)
Thc hnh
Hy ng k nh im cho hnh bn tnh ng Nai bng c 2 cch. a. bit ta cc im iu khin (ta im A, B, C, D). b. Cha bit ta cc im iu khin. Di y l nh im dongnai.jpg cn ng k
Hng dn
a. Trng hp khi bit ta nh im : 1. M tp tin nh im bng cch chn File > Open Table v ch nh loi tp tin l Raster Images trong khung Files of type v chn file dongnai.jpg.
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Sau nhn Open, MapInfo hin th hp thoi v hi bn rng: bn mun hin th tm nh im xem hay bn mun ng k nh im.
Nu bn chn Display th tm nh im s c m ra trn mt ca s Map thng thng v bn c th xem n. Nu bn chn Register th hp thoi Image Registration xut hin. Mt mn hnh Preview trong hp thoi Image Registration hin th hnh ca tp tin dongnai.jpg.
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2. Ch nh h quy chiu cho tp tin nh im bng cch nhn vo nt Projection. Bn cn phi khai bo h quy chiu cho ng vi tnh cht ca tm nh im nhm gim ti thiu cc sai lch v tr khi khi ph cc lp bn vector ln chng. Nu bn khng ch nh h quy chiu, MapInfo mc nh s d dng h quy chiu kinh v tuyn (Longitude/Latitude). 3. bt u thc hin vic ng k nh im, bn phi bit c t nht ta ca 3 im trn tm nh im. y, gi s chng ta c ta ca 4 im (3 im tr ln l c th ng k nh im) A, B, C, D. Ta ca cc im nh sau: im A (1070 00, 110 20) im B (1070 20, 110 40) im C (1070 00, 100 40) im D (1070 20, 100 40)
Chuyn i ta D/M/S sang gi tr thp phn Nu bn s dng ta theo kinh tuyn v v tuyn, bn phi nhp gi tr thp phn thay v s dng gi tr theo kiu /pht/giy. Vd: khai bo ta 110 30 bn phi nhp vo gi tr 11.5 . MapInfo km mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Map Basic tn l DMSCNVRT cho php bn chuyn i gi tr ta t hn D/M/S sang h thp phn. chy chng trnh ny, bn chn lnh Tools > Run MapBasic Program, ca s Run MapBasic Program xut hin, bn chn tp tin DMSCNVRT v nhn Open. Chn Tools > Converter > LongLats Calculator > Converts Coords. Hp thoi xut hin nh hnh di:
Bn hy nhp gi tr ta theo h D/M/S v nhn Convert c c gi tr h thp phn.
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Sau khi chuyn i ta ta c gi tr ta cc im dng h thp phn nh sau: im A ( 107, 11.33333333) im B ( 107.33333333, 11.66666667 ) im C ( 107, 10.66666667 ) im D (107.33333333, 10.66666667)
T hp thoi Image Registrstion, ta dng hai nt +, - v hai thanh trt ngang, dc thy c ta cc im mun ng k. Ti v tr im A nh hnh ban u, bn nhn chut vo ng giao im ta , xut hin hp thoi Add Control Point. Ti Map X, nhp honh X ca im A . Ti Map Y, nhp tung Y ca im A.
Sau nhn OK, ti v tr im A xut hin mt du cng mu , bn ng k thnh cng c mt im. Tip tc lm tng t nh vy cho cc im B, C, D tng ng trn hnh. Lu : Khi thm mt im mi B hoc C hoc D, cc bn phi nhn nt Add.
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4. Sau khi hon thnh vic ng k t 3 4 im nh, bn nhn OK. Ca s Map cha hnh nh dongnai.jpg va ng k xong xut hin. Hy m tp tin vn_tinh.tab trn cng ca s cha nh im dongnai.jpg thy c kt qu nh sau:
b.
Trng hp khi mt nh im cha bit ta nh im: 1. Bn hy thc hin cc bc 1 v 2 nh cu a. 2. Bt u nhp cc im iu khin, bn dng tr chut nhn vo mt im trn mn hnh Preview. MapInfo hin th hp thoi Add Control Point, trong khung Image X v Y cha ta im iu khin ca bn vi n v l pixel. y ch l ta trn mn hnh ca im iu khin. Bn nhn OK. MapInfo hin th thng tin v im iu khin ca bn trn mt hang trong hp thoi Image Registration. Lc ny im iu khin ca bn vn cha c ta X v Y, chng ta s nhp cc ta sau ny. 3. Chn t nht 3 im iu khin cho mi nh im ca bn. Cch lm tng t nh cu a nhng bn khng cn nhp gi tr ta cho cc im. 4. M lp bn vector vn_tinh.tab nh v nh im trong mt ca s Map. Vo File > Open > chn ng dn v m file vn_tinh.tab. Bn phi iu chnh sao cho ca s Map nm cnh hp thoi Image Registration tin hnh vic nhp ta cc im iu khin t mn hnh ca s Map. V chng ta ang ng k nh im cho tnh ng Nai nn ca s Vn_tinh Map, bn cho hin th ln hnh nh tnh ng Nai.
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5. Chn lnh Table > Raster > Select Control Point from Map 6. Chuyn thanh sng n v tr im iu khin th nht trong hp thoi Image Registration. S dng tr chut nhn vo im tng ng ca im iu khin th nht trn ca s Map. MapInfo hin th hp thoi Add Control Point. Trong hp thoi ny, bn c th thy ta ca im iu khin th nht tng ng vi bn vector c nhp vo. Nhn OK xc nh s chp nhn ca bn. MapInfo chuyn gi tr ta trn vo hp thoi Image Registration. Hon thnh vic khai bo ta cho im th nht. 7. Tip tc thc hin vic khai bo ta cho cc im cn li.
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8. Sau khi khai bo ta cho tt c cc im iu khin, bn nhn OK trong hp thoi Image Registration. nh im ca bn s hin th trong ca s bn v nm bn di lp bn vector.
Cc gi tr sai lch v tr khi ng k mt nh im Sau khi ng k mt nh im, MapInfo s hin th sai lch tnh bng Pixel ca cc im iu khin. Cc gi tr sai lch ny chnh l s bin dng tng i gia v tr cc im v iu khin ta ca chng m bn nhp vo trong hp thoi Add Control Point. Cc gi tr sai lch ny cng nh cng tt. Cc gi tr sai lch qu ln s dn n s sai lch v v tr gia nh im v cc lp bn vector. iu chnh chnh xc v ta cho mt nh im Bn c th iu chnh chnh xc v ta cho cc tm nh im bng cch chn thm mt s im iu khin. Phng php thc hin: Chn lnh Table > Raster > Modify Image Registration. Nhn nt Add trong hp thoi Image Registration v s dng con tr chut chn mt im iu khin mi trn mn hnh Preview v nhp ta bng cch g trc tip t bn phm hoc chn ta t ca s Map. Bn nn b sung thm im iu khin ti trung tm ca bc nh hoc ti nhng ni m bn thy s sai bit v tr ln.
i khi bn cn phi thay i ta cc im iu khin v s sai lch v tr ca chng khng th chp nhn c. Trong trng hp ny, bn c th di chuyn thanh sng n v tr iu khin m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Image Registration. Ti y, bn c th nhp li gi tr ta hoc xa hn im iu khin bng cch nhn vo nt Remove trong hp thoi Image Registration.
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6. M mt tp tin nh im c ng k Sau khi thc hin thao tc ng k trn mt tm nh im trong MapInfo, sau bn c th m tp tin nh im mt cch trc tip bng cch chn File > Open > Table m khng phi ang k mt ln na. m mt tp tin nh im c ng k, bn thc hin nhng bc sau: - Chn File > Open Table Chn tn tp tin nh im tng ng (ch : trong trng hp ny, MapInfo to ra mt tp tin c tn trng vi tn tp tin nh im ca bn, nhng phn m rng l .TAB) v nhn Open. 7. S dng cc tp tin nh im
Sau khi ng k mt nh im, bn c th hin th n trong ca s Map v dng n lm nn, bn thy nhiu chi tit v c tnh a hnh hn bt k lp bn vector no khc. Bn cng c th hin th nhiu lp nh cng lc. S lng cc tp tin nh im c s dng trong trng hp ny ch ph thuc vo dung lng b nh my tnh ca bn. Khi bn hin th hai nh im chung trong mt ca s Map. MapInfo s s dng h quy chiu ca lp bn cn li c th ch c nh v mt cch tng i so vi lp bn nht. iu chnh mu sc ca nh im Khi bn hin th mt tp tin nh im trong ca s map, bn c th iu chnh mu sc ca n bng cch chn lnh Table > Raster > Adjust Image Styles. Hp thoi Adjust Image Styles cho php bn iu chnh tng phn, sng ti v cc ty chn v mu sc ca nh im.
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II. T MI TRNG HIU CHNH CHO MT LP D LIU

Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc v hay hiu chnh cc i tng trn mt lp d liu bn cn phi t mi trng hiu chnh cho lp d liu . Ch c th s dng cc cng c v trn thanh cng c Drawing khi bt c tnh hiu chnh cho mt lp bn . Phng php thc hin nh sau: Cch 1: Quan st thanh trng thi ( pha di mn hnh), Mc Editing cho bit rng bn ang hiu chnh trn lp d liu no. Bn c th nhp chut vo ch Editing thay i lp hiu chnh. Cch 2: Kch hot nt Di chuyn thanh sng n lp d liu cn hiu chnh, nh du vo hp Editable. Trong ca s Map, ti mt thi im, ch c mt lp d liu mang c tnh Editable. Nhn OK.
Nh vy lp d liu t mi trng hiu chnh. Bn c th thc hin cc thao tc thm, xa, sa trn lp d liu y.
III. TO MI CC I TNG KHNG GIAN

Phng php thc hin nh sau: Chn cng c v tng ng V i tng trc tip ln lp Cosmetic Lu chng vo mt lp mi hay mt lp d liu c m bt i tng Editable.
Chng hn, mun v mt on ng giao thng, chn cng c v a tuyn (polyline). Lc ny, tr chut bin thnh hnh ch thp. Kch chut vo v tr bt u ca ng, di chuyn n cc v tr tip theo v nhp chut. Tip tc thc hin cho n im nt cui cng ca on ng v nhp p kt thc v i tng ng. Khi v mt i tng, bn c th kt hp di chuyn, xa, thay i hnh dng hoc c th ct dn i tng sang mt lp khc, c th nh dng k hiu, nt cho i tng. lu li cc i tng mi hoc cc thay i, chn menu File > Save.
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Thc hnh
Bn hy v cc ng giao thng, ng sng, ranh gii huyn, x ca tnh ng Nai da vo nh im ng k ta phn thc hnh trc. Sau , hy lu cc loi ng trn thnh tng lp ring bit.
Hng dn
M File dongnai.tab v vn_tinh.tab cng mt ca s Map
Chn Editing l Cosmetic Layer Phng to cc vng cn v, chn cng c Polyline .
a chut vo khung Map v bt u thc hin vic v cc i tng Bn hy v theo ng giao thng m nh im c sn. Cng vic ny i hi bn phi tht t m v kin nhn th mi c c kt qu chnh xc. Sau khi v xong tt c cc ng giao thng, bn vo menu Map > Save Cosmetic Objects
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Chn Save, mt hp thoi Save Object to Table xut hin, hy chn ng dn lu tp tin v g tn cn lu l duong_giaothong trong File name. Bn to xong lp ng giao thng ca tnh ng Nai, lp ng giao thng ny c th s dng li nhiu ln m khng cn phi v li. Tng t nh vy, bn hy lm cng vic s ha cho cc lp ng sng, ranh gii huyn, x
IV. TO NHN CHO CC I TNG KHNG GIAN

Bn c th to nhn cho cc i tng ha bng nhiu cch: S dng nt Label trn thanh cng c Main S dng lnh Draw Autolabels trong menu Map G nhn trc tip vo i tng bng cch s dng nt cng c text trn thanh Drawing.
1. S dng nt Label Trc ht, hy bt c tnh Selectable cho lp bn m bn mun v nhn. Kch chn nt cng c Label trn thanh cng c Main. Sau , nh v tr chut ngay trn i tng cn v nhn. MapInfo s t nhn cho i tng bng ni dung ct thuc tnh m bn ch nh trong hp thoi Label Options. Trong hp thoi ny, bn c th thay i Font ch, mu sc, kch thc ca nhn. Cc nhn lun c v trn lp Cosmetic Layer. 2. S dng lnh Draw AutoLabels v nhn mt cch t ng thay v phi dng cng c Label nhn vo tng i tng, bn c th s dng lnh AutoLabels > Draw AutoLabels trong menu Tools sau khi s dng lnh Run Map Basic Program > AUTOLBL. Khi chn lnh ny, MapInfo hin th hp thoi Draw AutoLabels nh sau:
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Chn tn ca Table mun v nhn trong hp Label Layer. Sau ch nh cc ty chn trong 2 hp: Allow overlapping labels v Allow duplicate labels. Nu chn Allow overlapping labels, MapInfo s v nhn cho tt c cc i tng bt k cc nhn c th nm chng ln nhau. Nu khng nh du vo ty chn ny, MapInfo s ch v nhn cho mt s i tng, m bo cc nhn c th c c r rng. Ty chn ny thng c nh du khi cc i tng nm ri rc. Nu nh du vo ty chn Allow duplicate labels, MapInfo s v nhn cho tt c cc i tng bt k ni dung cc nhn c th ging nhau. Ngc li, MapInfo s khng v nhn cho cc i tng nu kim tra thy nhn ca cc i tng ny trng vi nhn ca cc i tng khc v. 3. Lu cc nhn ln a Cc i tng nhn khi c v ln lp Cosmetic Layer. Mun lu cc i tng nhn (cng nh cc i tng khc v ln lp Cosmetic), chn menu Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Trong trng hp ny, MapInfo s hi bn lu cc i tng nhn ln mt lp tn ti hay to mt lp hon ton mi. 4. Xa cc i tng nhn C 2 phng php cho php bn xa cc i tng nhn khi mt lp bn . Chn nhn, chn lnh Clear trong menu Edit hoc nhn nt Delete. Phng php ny thng c s dng khi ch mun xa mt i tng nhn. Ch , khi s dng phng php ny, lp Cosmetic ca bn phi trng thi Editable. Ngoi ra, c th s dng lnh Clear Cosmetic Layer trong menu Map. Phng php ny cho php xa tt c cc nhn c trn lp Cosmetic.
VI. HIU CHNH CC I TNG KHNG GIAN

1. Cc bc thc hin vic hiu chnh d liu khng gian Bt c tnh Editable cho lp bn cn hiu chnh bng cch vo menu Map > Layer Control. Kch chn i tng bng cng c Select
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Nu i tng l on thng, cc nt hiu chnh s nm cc im u mt. Nu l a gic, cc nt hu chnh s nm cc gc bao i tng. C th ko i tng n mt v tr khc hoc thay i nh dng, mu sc, kiu nt ca i tng. Mun xa i tng, chn im nt, tm, chiu ca cc i tng, bt cc ty chn tng ng trong hp thoi Display Options. Hp thoi ny xut hin khi chn lnh Map > Layer Control, trong hp thoi Layer Control, nhn nt Display.
Mun di chuyn i tng n mt v tr mi, chn i tng bng cng c Select, nhn gi chut cho n khi tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn ch bn hng. Tip tc nhn nt tri chut v ko i tng n v tr mi. i tng s c nh v ti v tr mi ny.
2. Thuc tnh ca i tng khng gian S dng cng c Select, nhp p vo i tng hoc chn i tng, sau vo menu Edit > Get Info. MapInfo s hin th bng thuc tnh ca i tng . Bng thuc tnh ny cung cp nhng thng tin v i tng nh: kch thc, v tr v cc thng tin khc ty thuc vo loi i tng khng gian l im, ng hay vng.
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Nu lp bn ang thao tc ch c c tnh Selectable, bn ch c th xem cc thng tin thuc tnh v i tng. Nu lp bn ang thao tc mang c tnh Editable, bn ch c th thay i gi tr cc thuc tnh vo hp thoi Object Attribute cho kt qu hiu chnh chnh xc hn khi thc hin bng cch ko i tng trn mn hnh. i vi vic hiu chnh cc i tng dng vn bn, s dng hp thoi Text Object nh sau:
3. Thay i thuc tnh hin th ca cc i tng Khi v cc i tng, MapInfo s a ra thuc tnh hin th mc nh cho cc i tng nh loi nn, mu sc, ng nt, k hiu v kiu ch, kch thc ch thay i cc gi tr thuc tnh, trc tin bt c tnh Editable cho mt lp bn . Sau , s dng cc lnh Line Style, Region Style, Text Style, Symbol Style trong menu Options, ty thuc vo loi i tng ang cn hiu chnh l im, ng, vng hay ch m chn lnh cho ph hp (Cc lnh trn u c nt lnh tng ng trn thanh cng c Drawing).
Mun thay i thuc tnh hin th ca cc i tng tn ti trn bn , trc tin dung cng c Select chn i tng sau chn cc lnh tng ng trn. Cc thuc tnh va thay i cng nh hng n nhng i tng c v sau ny, cc thuc tnh ny s c duy tr trong sut qu trnh lm vic cho n khi thc hin mt s thay i khc. Mt cch khc thay i thuc tnh hin th ca cc i tng trong ca s Map ang lm vic, chn Map > Layer Control, sau nhn Display kch hot hp thoi Display Options. Trong hp ny, nh du vo hp kim Style Override kch hot nt Style Override. Ty thuc vo lp bn ang cha loi i tng g m MapInfo s kch hot hp thoi Style tng ng. 4. Thay i hnh dng i tng Bn c th thay i hnh dng cc i tng a gic, a tuyn, on thng, cung trn Cc bc thc hin nh sau: Chn i tng bng cng c Select. Chn Edit > Reshape (CTRL + R) hoc s dng nt Reshape trn thanh cng c Drawing. MapInfo s hin th cc im nt ca i tng, lc ny bn c th thc hin cc thao tc nh thm, xa, sa cc im nt thay i hnh dng i tng. + Di chuyn nt: dng tr chut nhn vo im nt, gi phm tri chut v ko n v tr mi. + Thm nt: kch chn nt cng c Add Nodes trn thanh cng c Drawing. Sau , di chuyn tr chut n v tr trn i tng m bn mun thm nt, nhn chut thm vo mt nt mi. + Xa nt: Kch chn nt bng cng c Select, sau nhn phm Delete xa nt. - Mun chn nhiu nt, dng cng c Select kt hp vi phm Shift kch chn 5. Bt dnh vo nt (Snap to nodes) Cc nt trn i tng khng ch c s dng thay i hnh dng i tng m cn dng ni cc i tng li vi nhau. MapInfo gi thao tc ny l thao tc bt dnh. Lnh Preferences trong menu Options cho php ci t cch thc s dng chc nng ny. Khi chn Options > Preferences > Map Windows, MapInfo hin th hp thoi Map Windows Preferences cha chc nng Snap Tolerance cho bn nhp khong cch c th bt dnh ca cc nt. Trong ca s Map, cc i tng a gic, a tuyn, on thng, cung trn v hnh ch nht cha cc im nt c th bt dnh c. Khi chc nng bt dnh c bt ln, MapInfo tm kim nhng im ny bt dnh vo khi bn v, hiu chnh , nh v i tng. MapInfo s bt dnh cc im nt ca i tng khi bn chuyn con tr n gn cc im nt trong mt phm vi xc nh trc.
Bt / Tt chc nng bt dnh i tng bng cch nhn phm S trn bn phm. Phm vi bt dnh c quy nh bng n v pixel trong hp thoi Map Windows Preferences. Chc nng bt dnh vo cc im nt c tc dng ln tt c cc lp bn mang c tnh Selectable. Chc nng ny rt hu dng khi bn v cc i tng trn mt lp c lin h v tr, hnh dng vi nhng i tng trn lp khc. 6. Vut cong cc i tng a tuyn Mt i tng ng khi v c nhiu im gp khc, bn c th s dng lnh Smooth un cong nhng ch gp khc . Phng php thc hin nh sau: - Chn i tng - Vo Objects > Smooth C th tr li ng ban u bng cch vo Objects > Undo hoc Objects > Unsmooth
Trc khi dung lnh Smooth
Sau khi dung lnh Smooth
C hai lnh Smooth v Unsmooth ch c th c s dng i vi nhng i tng a tuyn c v bi cng c Polyline.
Chng III
TO V HIU CHNH D LIU THUC TNH

D liu thuc tnh ca MapInfo c cha trong cu trc d liu dng bng c lin kt vi nhng i tng khng gian.
I.
CC KHI NIM V C S D LIU
C s d liu (Database) l ni lu tr d liu trn cc vt mang tin ngoi, c qun l v khai thc theo nhng nguyn l thng nht nhm thc hin cc nhm thao tc ch yu sau y mt cch ti u: To lp c s d liu Thm, xa, sa d liu trong c s d liu Tm kim d liu theo yu cu
Mt c s d liu khng phi n thun ch l s thng nht cc h thng tp tin ring l m n phi c thit k xy dng mt cch c cu trc c th hiu r v MapInfo, cn phi nm vng v cch t chc d liu ca n, c th minh ha nh sau:
Mi ct c gi l mt ct thuc tnh (Attribute). Chng ta cng c th gi mi thuc tnh l mt trng. bng d liu trn, tp tin c 6 thuc tnh l: Tn hnh chnh, TS, t nng nghip, t lm nghip c rng, t chuyn dng, t . Mi dng c gi l mt mNu tin (Record). Cc dng l cc gi tr tng ng ly t min gi tr ca mi thuc tnh. Hin bng d liu c 11 mNu tin.
Cc mNu tin c sp xp theo mt th t nht nh, vic sp xp ny da trn ct thng tin kha sp xp.
II. TO MT BNG D LIU MI

Khi lm vic vi MapInfo, bn c th m cc tp tin c s d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau nh dBASE, Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 Cng c th to tp tin c s d liu trc tip t MapInfo. Cc tp tin ny c th c hin th trong ca s Map, Graph hoc Browser. Phng php thc hin khi to mt bng d liu mi trong MapInfo nh sau: Chn File > New Table. Hp thoi New Table xut hin:
Trong hp thoi ny, nh du vo hp Open New Browser ch to ra bng d liu thuc tnh m khng lin kt n vi cc i tng ha. Nhn Create, MapInfo hin th hp thoi New Table Structure.
Tin hnh vic to cu trc cho cc thuc tnh. Khi to mt ct thuc tnh mi, bn phi ch nh tn ct, kiu, di trng d liu v xc nh c s dng ct thuc tnh ny lm ct thng tin kha sp xp hay khng. Nhn nt Add Field nu mun thm tip mt thuc tnh mi. Khi to ra y cc ct thng tin cn thit. Nhn Create, MapInfo s to ra mt bng d liu rng c cu trc cc ct nh to trn.
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t tn cho bng d liu mi c to ra.
Lu : Vic la chn c tnh Indexed gip cho vic thc hin cc lnh la chn bng iu kin (Query) v ni kt (Join) nhanh hn. Nu bn mun s dng lnh Find tm kim i tng trn mt ct thuc tnh th ct phi mang c tnh Index. Bn c th chn c tnh Indexed cho bt k ct thuc tnh no. Bn c th quy nh th t ca ct thng tin bng cch di chuyn thanh sng n cc ct thuc tnh tng ng trong hp thoi New Table Structure v nhn nt Up hoc Down. MapInfo s hin th cc ct thuc tnh t trn xung di theo th t t tri qua phi. Khi to mt bng d liu mi trong Map t nhng bng tnh ca Excel hoc bng danh sch Foxpro, MapInfo khng i hi bn phi to li cu trc cho bng mi ny m s dng cu trc ca cc tp tin d liu lm cu trc cho bng mi. Ln u tin khi bn m mt tp tin c s d liu dng .DBF hoc .XLS, MapInfo t ng to ra mt tp tin c phn m rng .TAB v s c lu li trn a. Ln sau, khi m bn ch cn chn tp tin c phn m rng .TAB Tuy nhin, cng c mt s gii hn cn quan tm khi lm vic vi cc tp tin c s d liu dng .XLS ca Excel trong MapInfo nh: Khng th thay i cu trc ca nhng bng d liu Khng th thay i ni dung d liu trong cc mNu tin
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khc phc tnh trng ny, vo menu File > Save Copy As sao chp cc bng ny thnh nhng bng mi, sau thc hin cc thay i cu trc hay ni dung d liu
III. HIN THN V THAY I CU TRC BNG D LIU THUC TNH

Khi to ra mt bng d liu trong MapInfo, bn c th hin th, thm hoc bt cc ct thng tin, thay i th t (Order), tn thuc tnh (Name), kiu d liu (Type), rng chui k t (Width) hoc kha sp xp (Indexed) cho bt k thuc tnh no. Bn cng c th ch nh h quy chiu (Projection) cho cc bng d liu. Ngoi ra, bn cng c th quy nh bng d liu c hoc khng c lin kt vi cc i tng ha (Table is Mappable) Mun xem hoc thay i cu trc bng, phng php thc hin nh sau: Vo menu Table > Maintenance > Table Structure. Xut hin hp thoi Modify Table Structure
Thc hin nhng thay i m bn mun, sau nhn OK
IV. LU TR, TO BN SAO CHO CC TABLE

lu li nhng thay i m bn to ra trn d liu khng gian hoc trn d liu thuc tnh, bn cn phi lu Table bng cch vo menu File > Save Table. Trong trng hp ny, MapInfo s hin th mt hp thoi cho php bn chn la tn ca Table m bn mun lu.
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Bn cng c th s dng lnh File > Save Copy As to mt bn sao vi tn mi cho mt Table no , iu ny ng ngha vi vic to ra mt Table mi. S dng lnh ny trong nhng trng hp: Khi mun thc hin nhng thay i trn mt Table nhng vn gi li bn gc Khi mun lu li mt nhm cc mNu tin m bn lc c t cc lnh Query Khi mun lu li Table vi cc ct tm m bn to bng cc lnh Update Column Khi mun lu li cc tp tin c s d liu dng bng tnh sau thc hin nhng s thay i cu trc hoc ni dung cc tp tin ny. Khi mun lu li Table vi mt h quy chiu khc.
* Sau khi chn Save Copy As hp thoi s xut hin:
Chn tn Table mun lu v nhn Save As
Khi hp thoi Save copy of Table as xut hin v yu cu chng ta t tn mi cho Table hay ghi v nhn Save. Ch : Khi ng Table c th khng ghi li gi li thng tin c - Bn nhn chn nt Discard. Nh vy Table mi lu gi cc thng tin c thay i, cn Table c thng tin vn c gi nguyn nh trc khi m.
V. DI CHUYN V I TN CC TABLE
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Do mi Table ca MapInfo c to nn t nhiu tp tin c tn trng nhau nhng khc phn m rng (th d: vn_tinh.tab, vn_tinh.map, vn_tinh.map), tt c cc tp tin ny u gp phn hnh thnh nn Table. V th, chng phi c lu tr trong cng mt th mc. Nu bn mun di chuyn mt Table no t mt th mc ny sang mt th mc khc, bn phi di chuyn ton b cc tp tin c lin quan. Cng vy, khi i tn mt table bn cng phi i tn tt c cc tp tin ca n. MapInfo trang b cng c gip cho vic thay i ny c thc hin mt cch d dng, phng php lm nh sau: Vo Table > Maintenance > Rename Table. Hp thoi Rename Table xut hin.
Chn tn Table cn i tn. Nhn nt Rename t tn mi cho Table Khi thc hin vic i tn ny, MapInfo s tin hnh i tn tt c cc tp tin c lin quan trong Table ca n.
VI. CHN CC MU TIN VO TRONG BNG D LIU THUC TNH

Vo menu Table > Append Rows to Table
Trong khung Append Table, ch nh tn ca Table cha cc mNu tin mun chn vo cc Table khc. Khung to Table, ch nh tn Table s cha cc mNu tin. Nhn OK.
Nu cc ct thng tin ca bn c kiu d liu khng khp nhau, MapInfo s t ng to ra s chuyn i kiu d liu sao cho chng tng hp nhau.
VII. XA TABLE
Lnh xa Table cho php bn loi b hon ton Table v cc tp tin c lin quan ca n. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Vo menu Table > Maintenance > Delete Table Chn tn ca Table mun xa. Nhn OK. Xut hin mt cu thng bo trn mn hnh bn xc nhn mt ln na vic xa Table. Nu nhn OK, Table s b xa hn trong a.
VIII. LM SCH KHI D LIU HA HOC BNG THUC TNH

Khi thc hin cc thao tc hiu chnh, thay i d liu trong Table hoc xa mt s mNu tin no trong bng d liu thuc tnh. Cc mNu tin tuy b xa nhng vn li nhng hng trng c mu xm sm trong bng d liu thuc tnh va lm mt thNm m va lm tn khng gian a.
xa b cc hng ny, MapInfo cung cp cng c lnh l Pack table cho php lm sch khi d liu theo la chn, c th l bng thuc tnh, d liu ha hoc c hai. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Vo menu Table > Maintenance > Pack Table. Hp thoi hin th nh sau:
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Chn tn Table mun lm sch trong hp Pack Table v chn mt trong 3 ty chn: lm sch bng thuc tnh (Pack Tabular Data), lm sch d liu ha (Pack Graphic Data) hoc c hai (Pack Both Types of Data).
Nhn OK. Bng d liu sau khi c xa s hin th nh hnh di y:
IX.
NHP D LIU VO BNG
MapInfo cho php ngi s dng cp nht d liu trc tip vo bng thuc tnh bng cch m bng thuc tnh v nhp trc tip d liu vo. Ngoi ra, MapInfo cho php ngi s dng cp nht d liu vo cc bng thng qua cng c lnh Update Column. Lnh ny cho php bn: Thm mt ct tm mi vo trong bng d liu hoc cp nht d liu cho mt ct thuc tnh c sn vi ngun d liu ly t mt bng khc. Cp nht d liu cho mt nhm cc mNu tin To ct thuc tnh ta ca cc i tng
1. Cp nht d liu cho mt nhm cc m u tin Mun cp nht mt cch nhanh chng cho cc mNu tin m bn quan tm, s dng cng c Select chn cc i tng ha trn ca s Map. Sau , dng lnh Update Column cp nht ni dung d liu. Phng php ny rt hu hiu khi bn mun cp nht mt nhm i tng c cng mt ni dung ging nhau. - Chn cc i tng - Vo menu Table > Update Column cp nht tn nhm cc i tng chn - Nhp ni dung d liu vo hp Value. Nhn OK, MapInfo thc hin vic cp nht d liu vo cc mNu tin ca ct thuc tnh c chn.
Thc hnh
Gi s mt s tnh thnh nh H Ty, Thi Bnh, Ha Bnh, Nam nh c t l dn s tng ng nhau l 1.758.998. Bn hy m tp tin vn_tinh.tab sau chn cc tnh v cp nht cng gi tr trn vo thuc tnh Danso.
Hng dn
M tp tin vn_tinh.tab, mn hnh xut hin ca s Map ca vn_tinh. Dng cng c Select chn cc tnh H Ty, Thi Bnh, Ha Bnh, Nam nh trc tip trn bn (bn cng c th chn trn bng d liu ca vn_tinh bng cch nhn vo nt Browser) New
chn c nhiu tnh khc nhau, bn phi bm chut tri kt hp vi phm Shift. Nu bn chn sai, hy gi nguyn phm Shift v bm chut tri ln i tng mt ln na hy chn.
Sau khi chn xong cc tnh, bn hy m bng thuc tnh cua Vn_tinh xem cc i tng tnh c chn nh hnh di y:
Vo menu Table > Update Column
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Ti Column to Udate, chn thuc tnh l Danso v chng ta ang cn cp nht s liu vo ct ny. Ti Value, nhp gi tr l 1758998. Ti Table to Update v Get Value From Table: gi nguyn l Selection.
Sau nhn OK, hy tr li bng thuc tnh bn s thy gi tr c cp nht vo trng Danso ca cc tnh trn.
i vi gi tr in vo trng mun cp nht bn c th g vo trc tip nh v d trn hoc c th dng lnh Assist. Chng ta s dng n lnh Assist khi gi tr cp nht cn dng n cc ton t so snh, tnh ton, ly gi tr cc i, cc tiu (Phn chi tit hn s c trnh by chng IV Phn IV) Khi dung lnh ny th hp thoi Expression xut hin:
Trong trng hp bn mun s dng thng tin cp nht t mt Table khc - Get Value From Table s l tn ca Table m chng ta ly d liu. Khi lnh Join xut hin trong hp thoi Update Column. Caculate : Php tnh Sum, Max, Min, Average
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Of: T trng no + Cc trng ca Table ly d liu + Expression: ly cc iu kin tnh ton tip theo
Sau khi ly cc iu kin trn bn nhn nt Join (Specify Join l hp thoi cho php bn chn ra trng kha ca hai Table m bn mun lin kt.), hp thoi Specify Join xut hin:
Where : Chn trng kha Ten_hc Table th nht (Table Vn_Tinh) Matches: So trng vi trng kha TenHanhChinh Table th hai (Table Luongthuc).
2. To ct thuc tnh ta ca cc i tng Thng thng, khi lm vic trong MapInfo, nhng thng tin v ta ca cc i tng khng c hin th trong bng Browser nn bn khng c c danh sch ta ca cc i tng. MapInfo cung cp cho bn kh nng thc hin vic ny nu nh bn c nhu cu. Lnh Update Column m nhn cng vic ny. Phng php thc hin nh sau: To hai ct thuc tnh trng trong Table cn ly gi tr ta : tung Y, honh X. Chn Table > Update Column. MapInfo hin th hp thoi Update Column. Trong hp thoi ny, chn cng mt tn Table cn ly gi tr ta trong c hai khung Table to Update v Get Value From Table. Trong khung Column to Update, chn ct thuc tnh mun cp nht l X.
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Trong khung Value, ch nh gi tr mun cp nht cho ct X. con tr chut vo khung Value, nhn nt Assist. Khi , MapInfo hin th hp thoi Expression cho php nhp biu thc:
Trong hp thoi Expression, nhn vo hp Functions chn hm CentroiX. y l hm x l d liu ha tr v gi tr ta X ca tm im i tng. Nhn OK tr v hp thoi Update Column. Tip tc nhn OK trong hp thoi ny, MapInfo s t ng ghi cc gi tr ta X vo cc mNu tin tng ng trong ct X ca chng. Tng t, chn hm CentroiY nhp gi tr ta Y. 3. Trit xut mt lp (Export) Chng trnh MapInfo c th trit xut lp thng tin (Layer) sang mt chng trnh khc. - Vo menu Table > Export, hp thoi Export Table xut hin
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Trong Export Table chn tn Table cn trit xut Nhn nt Export. Hp thoi Export Table to File xut hin:
Save in: cho php bn chn th mc lu tr File File name: t tn File cho lp thng tin s trit xut Save as type: chn chung trnh s chuyn n, trong khung ny bn c th chn cc loi chng trnh nh: MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), Delimited ASCII (*.txt) Dng vn bn, AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf) Dng bn v, s dng trong v AutoCad, dBASE DBF (*.dbf) Dng c s d liu.
Delimited ASCII (*.txt)
AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf)
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* Hp thoi Set Coordinate Transformation (xut hin khi bn nhn nt Set Transformation)
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Chng IV
TRUY VN D LIU
I. GEOCODING
Cc thng tin thuc tnh c qun l trong MapInfo di dng cc mNu tin (record). Khi c sn cc thng tin v i tng trong bng thuc tnh th vic gn cc gi tr thuc tnh ny vo cc i tng khng gian tng ng gi l Geocoding. MapInfo cung cp 3 cch Geocoding nh sau: Geocoding theo a ch (Address) : phng php ny thng dng trong trng hp mun m ha cc a ch trn ng ph (v d: s nh). Geocoding theo ng bao (Boundary): MapInfo s tm kim tn ca vng trong lp bn theo tn ca vng chn trong hp Search Table v gn ta trng tm ca vng cho bn ghi s liu vng ca bn. Geocoding theo tp tin d liu im (ZipInfo): Khi bn c tp tin cha cc m ZIP (ZIP Code) ca im trng tm cc vng trong lp bn th khi thc hin lnh ny, d liu t tp tin ZipInfo s t ng chuyn sang c s d liu ca bn theo tng mNu tin tng ng.
Thc hin Geocoding trong MapInfo, vo menu Table > Geocode, hp thoi Geocode xut hin:
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Trong hp thoi, thc hin la chn cc tham s sau: Chn tn ca lp cn gn ta a l trong hp Geocode Table Chn tn ca trng d liu cha cc thuc tnh a l s c dng thc hin vic tm kim trong hp Using Column. Chn tn ca lp cha thuc tnh a l s c dng thc hin vic tm kim trong hp Search Table. Chn trng cha thuc tnh cn tm kim ca lp chn trong hp Search Table vo hp for Objects in Column. Chn ch tm kim trong khung Mode l t ng (Automatic) hay bn t ng (Interactive) Chn kiu k hiu th hin sau khi hon thnh Geocoding. Mc nh, MapInfo th hin k hiu hnh ngi sao.
II.
TM KIM D LIU TRONG CA S MAP BNG LNH FIND
Khi bn hin th d liu trong mt ca s bn , bn c th s dng lnh Find tm kim cc i tng ha hay cc mNu tin trong Table ca bn. Chc nng ny ch c bt sng v s dng c khi m trong Table c t nht mt trng d liu c nh Index. (Xem li chng III, phn II) Phng php thc hin nh sau: Vo Menu Query > Find. Hp thoi Find xut hin:
Trong hp thoi Find, bn phi ch nh tn ca Table m bn s dng trong hp Search Table. Sau , ch nh ct cha thng tin tm kim.
Nhn OK. Hp thoi tip theo xut hin cho php nhp tn ca i tng cn tm.
Trng hp cha bit tn r i tng cn tm, nhp mt hoc nhiu ch ci u vo hp c tn trng bn chn bc trc. Nhn Enter. MapInfo cho php xut hin tn ca tt c cc i tng c ch u ging ch m bn nhp vo bn chn la. MapInfo hin th v tr ca i tng cn tm trong ca s bn map bng mt k hiu hnh ngi sao. Bn hon ton c php chn kiu k hiu dng nh du i tng khi tm kim. iu ny c thc hin bng cch bn nhn vo nt Mark with Symbol trong hp thoi Find.
III.
CHN TRC TIP I TNG
Khi lm vic vi MapInfo, bn s phi thng xuyn s dng cc cng c chn la i tng cng nh cc mNu tin. Phn ny s trnh by nhng kin thc c bn v vic chn la i tng v s dng cng c Select trong thanh cng c. Phn ny s trnh by nhng ni dung chnh sau y: Th no l s la chn? Cc c tnh ca s la chn Thc hin s la chn La chn t mn hnh Cc cng c la chn i tng
1. Th no l s la chn Ngoi vic cho php bn to mt s lin kt gia d liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh, kh nng phn tch chnh ca MapInfo nm ch n c kh nng to nhm v t chc cc i tng. Vi mt nhm i tng, bn c th phn tch chng da trn mt hoc nhiu bin.
C rt nhiu cch m bn c th gom nhm cc i tng. Tt c ty thuc vo nhu cu cng vic ca bn. c nhng i tng c th ri nhiu vo nhm v bn c th s dng nhiu hn mt bin gom nhm cc i tng. MapInfo hon ton c kh nng to cc nhm i tng. MapInfo gi nhng nhm i tng ny l cc i tng chn (Selections). Mt nhm i tng chn l mt nhm con d liu m MapInfo gom chng li da trn mt hay nhiu bin no . 2. Cc c tnh ca s la chn Khi bn thc hin mt s la chn, MapInfo to ra nhng Table tm lu tr nhng mNu tin m bn chn la, tn ca nhng Table thng l Query(n) vi n l s th t Table tng dn theo s ln chn la. Bn hon ton c th thc hin nhng tc v trn cc Table tm ny ging nh i vi nhng Table khc: Hin th trong ca s Browser, ca s Map (nu chng c cc i tng ha), Graph hoc Layout. Ct v copy vo trong Clipboard, sau dn (Paste) chng vo mt Table khc hoc vo mt trnh ng dng khc. S dng hiu chnh Table: Nu bn mun thc hin mt s s thay i trn mt nhm nhng i tng no , bn c th lm cho nhng mNu tin ny trng thi chn v sau hiu chnh chng. Thc hin nhng s la chn khc.
Nu bn mun lu li cc Table tm nh nhng Table bnh thng, hy chn File > Save Copy As, lc ny bn c th thc hin cc x l trn Table mi ny ging nh bt k mt Table bnh thng khc. Cc Table tm hon ton ty thuc vo Table gc m t chng c to ra, nu bn ng cc Table gc th cc Table tm c lin quan s t ng b xa b. 3. Thc hin s la chn MapInfo cung cp cho bn cc lnh v cng c bn thc hin nhng s la chn. Chng c th c phn lm 2 nhm sau: - Chn la t mn hnh: bao gm cng c Select, chn trong phm vi vng trn (Radius Select), chn trong phm vi a gic (Boundary Select), chn trong phm vi hnh ch nht (Marquee Select) v lnh Select All. Nu bn mun chn la i tng bng cng c , hy dng cng c nhn vo hoc bao ly i tng. nu bn mun chn tt c i tng trn mt lp hy chn lnh Select All t menu Query.
Chn la bng iu kin: Lnh Select, lnh SQL. Khi bn thc hin s la chn cc i tng bng nhng lnh ny, bn phi to ra biu thc logic m da vo n, MapInfo s la chn cc i tng. (Phn ny s trnh by chi tit phn IV)
4. La chn t mn hnh thc hin mt s la chn t mn hnh, lp bn cha cc i tng m bn mun chn la phi trng thi Selectable. t thuc tnh Selectable cho mt lp, bn phi chn Map > Layer Control hin th hp thoi Layer Control, trong hp thoi ny chuyn thanh sng n lp bn tng ng v nh du vo hp kim Selectable. Khi thc hin vic la chn i tng trn mt lp, MapInfo hin th i tng c la chn theo mt kiu khc (nhm phn bit vi cc i tng khng c chn). Nu mun thay i kiu hin th ny, chn Options > Preferences hin th hp thoi Preferences, trong hp thoi hy chn nt Map Window hin th hp thoi Map Window Preferences. Trong hp thoi ny, phn Highlight Control cho php bn la cc kiu hin th cc i tng chn.
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Khi la chn i tng trn mt lp bn m lp bn ang trng thi Editable, MapInfo s hin th xung quanh i tng chn ca bn nhng hnh vung nh cho php bn thc hin mt s thao tc hiu chnh. Trong ca s Map, nu c nhiu hn mt lp trng thi Selectable, MapInfo s la chn cc i tng ca lp nm pha trn. Tuy nhin, c th chn cc i tng ca lp Selectable bn di nu bn nhn v phm Control khi chn. C ngha l khi bn phm Control v dng cng c Select nhn vo mt v tr no , MapInfo hiu rng bn mun chn i tng trn lp th 2. nu nhn tr chut ln na, MapInfo hiu rng bn mun chn i tng trn lp th 3 C th quay vng cho n khi bn chn ng i tng m bn yu cu. Nu mun chn thm cc i tng khc thm vo nhm i tng chn, hy kt hp nhn v phm Shift khi chn thm cc i tng mi.
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Mun thi la chn cc i tng hoc cc mNu tin, bn c th thc hin mt trong nhng cch sau: Thi chn mt hoc mt s i tng ang c chn: Nhn gi phm Shift, sau dng cng c Select nhn vo i tng hay mNu tin. Thi chn tt c cc i tng ang c chn: Dng cng c chn nhn vo mt im trng (khng c i tng) trong ca s Map hoc chn lnh Unselect All trong menu Query. 5. Cc cng c la chn i tng MapInfo trang b nhiu cng c la chn i tng trn thanh cng c chnh (Main). Chng bao gm cc cng c sau y: Cng c Select Cng c Radius Select Cng c Marquee Select Cng c Boundary Select Mi cng c s c hng dn s dng c th nh sau: Cng c Select S dng cng c ny la chn tng i tng mt. Mun s dng n chn la mt i tng, phng php thc hin nh sau: 1. Bt c tnh Selectable cho lp bn m bn mun chn la i tng (Map > Layer Control) 2. Chn cng c Select t thanh cng c chnh. 3. Nhn vo 1 i tng trong ca s Map. Nu lp ca i tng c c tnh Selectable, MapInfo s chuyn trng thi hin th ca i tng nhm cho tp tin bit rng i tng ang c chn. Nu lp ca i tng c c tnh Editable, MapInfo s chuyn trng thi hin th v nh du i tng bng cc nt hnh vung, chng tp tin c th hiu chnh hnh dng i tng bng cc nt ny. Nu lp ca i tng khng c c hai c tnh Selectable v Editable, MapInfo s khng cho php bn chn i tng. 4. Chn Window > New Browse Window, sau chn Selection t menu Table, MapInfo to ra mt Table tm trong ca s Browser hin th cc mNu tin trong Table tm ny, ch cn dng cng c Select nhn vo hp chn nm bn tri mi mNu tin.
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Mun chn la nhiu i tng ring bit hy nhn phm Shift ri tip tc chn nhng i tng khc. Nu bn chn i tng th hai m khng phm Shift, MapInfo s thi chn i tng th nht v tip tc chn i tng thc hai. Cng c Radius Select Cng c Radius Select c s dng chn la tt c nhng i tng ha nm trong phm vi hnh trn m bn knh ty . Ch rng cng c Radius Select s chn la tt c cc i tng ha c tm im (Centroid) nm trong hnh trn, bt k hnh trn c bao bc ht ton b i tng hay khng. chn la cc i tng ha trn mt lp bn , bn hy bt c tnh Selectable ca lp ln v tt c tnh Selectable ca tt c cc lp bn trn. Phng php thc hin nh sau: 1. Bt c tnh Selectable cho lp bn m bn mun chn i tng (Map > Layer Control) 2. Chn cng c Radius Select t thanh cng c chnh. Biu tng con tr tr thnh hnh bn tay khi bn di chuyn con tr vo ca s Map 3. Nhn chut tri vo mt im trong ca s Map, ni m bn mun s dng lm tm ca vng trn bao. 4. Gi nt tri chut v ko thnh mt hnh trn. MapInfo v ra mt hnh trn xugn quanh tm im m bn chn v s o bn knh c hin th trn thanh Status Bar (Gc di bn tri mn hnh) . 5. Khi bn to c vng trn bao vi bn knh m bn mong mun, hy th nt tri chut. MapInfo s nh du tt c cc i tng ha nm trong phm vi vng trn. 6. Chn Window > New Browse Window, sau chn Selection t thc n tn cc Table, MapInfo to ra mt Table tm trong ca s Browse hin th cc mNu tin ca cc i tng chn. By gi, nu bn mun chn cc mNu tin trong Table tm ny, bn ch cn dng cng c Select nhn vo hp chn nm bn tri mi mNu tin. Cng c Marquee Select Cng c Marquee Select dng chn cc i tng nm trong phm vi mt hnh ch nht. S dng cng c Marquee Select, bn nhn v r chut to ra mt hnh ch nht bao ly cc i tng ha nm trong phm vi hnh ch nht s c chn la. chn la cc i tng ha trn mt lp bn , bn hy bt c tnh Selectable ca lp ln v tt c tnh Selectable ca tt c cc lp bn trn. Phng php thc hin nh sau:
1. Bt c tnh Selectable cho lp bn m bn mun chn i tng (Map > Layer Control) 2. Chn cng c Marquee Select t thanh cng c chnh. Biu tng con tr tr thnh hnh bn tay khi bn di chuyn con tr vo ca s Map 3. Nhn chut tri vo mt im trong ca s Map. im ny s l mt trong bn gc ca hnh ch nht (ty thuc vo phng m bn r chut) 4. Gi nt tri chut v r chut xc nh gc i din 5. Khi bn to c hnh ch nht bao m bn mong mun, hy th nt tri chut. MapInfo s v ra hnh ch nht c hai nh i din ti hai im m bn chn (im nhn chut v im th chut) MapInfo s nh du tt c cc i tng ha nm trong phm vi hnh ch nht. 6. Chn Window > New Browse Window, sau chn Selection t thc n tn cc Table, MapInfo to ra mt Table tm trong ca s Browse hin th cc mNu tin ca cc i tng chn. By gi, nu bn mun chn cc mNu tin trong Table tm ny, bn ch cn dng cng c Select nhn vo hp chn nm bn tri mi mNu tin. Cng c Boundary Select Trong tt c cc cng c chn la, hu nh cc bn s d dng s dng nhng c mt cng c rt l v cng rt hu ch, l cng c chn la i tng trong vng bao bt k. Phng php thc hin nh sau: 1. Bt c tnh Selectable cho 2 lp bn : mt lp c dng vng v mt lp c dng im hoc ng. 2. Chn cng c Boundary Select t thanh cng c chnh. Biu tng con tr tr thnh hnh du cng khi bn di chuyn vo ca s Map. 3. Kch vo mt vng bt k trong ca s Map. Lp tc, cc i tng ng hay im ang c c tnh Selectable trong vng s c chn.
IV.
TRUY VN BNG BIU THC
Vic truy vn cc i tng tng t nh vic bn t cu hi v MapInfo tr li. Cu hi v cu tr li u da trn ngun thng tin t cc Table. Khi bn c mt s Table cha thng tin v bn c th yu cu MapInfo thc hin mt s vn nh sau: To ra mt ct mi trong Table, ly thng tin t mt s ct khc tnh ton vi nhau, sau ghi kt qu vo ct mi va to.
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Tng hp d liu trong mt Table sao cho a ra c cc s liu tng kt thay v phi xem ton b ni dung Table. Ni hai hay nhiu Table li vi nhau to ra mt Table duy nht. Ch hin th mt s hnh v ct thng tin theo yu cu.
Trong phn ny, chng ta s hc cc thc hin vic la chn bng nhng phng tin rt mnh v tin dng ca MapInfo, l lnh Select v lnh SQL Select trong menu Query. 1. Truy vn d liu s dng lnh Select hnh thnh mt s la chn bng lnh Select, bn phi xy dng mt biu thc truy vn. Biu thc l mt mnh logic phn nh cu hi ca bn vi MapInfo. Th d, bn c mt Table cha cc ng giao thng, bn mun hin th nhng ng giao thng c chiu di ln hn 1000 m, biu thc truy vn s l: Chieu_dai > 1000 MapInfo s truy tm tt c cc mNu tin trong Table tm ra cc mNu tin tha mn iu kin v cha n trong mt Table tm. C hai cch nhp mt biu thc vo MapInfo: G biu thc mt cch trc tip t bn phm. Cch ny rt hiu qa khi bn thc hin nhng biu thc n gin. Nhn vo nt Assist trong hp thoi Select thnh lp biu thc ca bn. Khi nhn vo nt Assist, MapInfo hin th hp thoi Expression.
Trong hp thoi ny, bn s thc hin vic xy dng biu thc nh vo cc thc n ko xung. cch ny rt hiu qu v d dng thc hin khi bn l ngi mi tp xy dng biu thc hoc i vi vic thc hin cc biu thc phc tp. Hp thoi Expression cng c cho bn 3 thc n ko xung. Nh cc thc n ny, bn s thc hin xy dng biu thc. Sau y l phn trnh by c th cc thc n ny:
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Column: Thc n ny lit k tt c cc ct thuc tnh trong Table m bn ang s dng truy vn. Nu Table ca bn c cc ct Derived (cc ct ny c to ra t nhng ln chn trc) th cc ct ny cng s c lit k.
Operators (Cc ton t) : Thc n ny cha nhng k hiu ton t ton hc v ton t lun l. Cc ton t trong thc n ny bao gm: +, -, *, /, <, >, <=, >=, AND, OR, NOT, WITHIN
Functions (Cc hm): Thc n ny cha cc hm ton hc. Cc hm ny c th s dng mt hay nhiu tham bin v tr v kt qu. Bn s dng cc hm hnh thnh cc php x l trn d liu ca ct.
Ti Function bn c th chn cc hm chu n ca h thng nh sau: Abs() hm ly gi tr tuyt i Area() hm ly din tch ca i tng CentroidX() ly ta X trng tm ca i tng CentroidY() ly ta Y trng tm ca i tng Chr$() ly k t ca biu thc Cos() tnh Cosin ca gc CurDate() ly ngy hin thi ca h thng Day() ly ngy thng ca h thng Distance() tnh khang cch ca hai im Format$() nh dng cho biu thc Int() ly phn nguyn ca mt s Lease$() chuyn chui k t v ch thng Left$() ly cc k t bn tri ca chui k t Len() tnh di ca chui k t LTrim$() loi b k t trng bn tri ca chui k t Maximum() tnh gi tr cc i Mids$() ly k t gia ca chui k t Minimum() ly gi tr cc tiu Menth() ly thang ca h thng
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Objectien() tnh di ca i tng Perimeter() tnh chu vi ca i tng Proper$() chuyn k t u tin ca chui k t thnh ch hoa Right$() ly k t bn phi ca chui k t Round() lm trn mt s Rtrim$() loi b k t trng bn phi ca chui k t Sin() tnh gi tr Sin ca gc Str$() chuyn thnh chui k t Ucase$() chuyn chui k t thnh ch hoa Val() Tnh gi tr ca chui k t theo ASCII Weekday() ly ngy trong tun Year() ly nm ca h thng
Sau khi thit lp xong biu thc, bn nhn OK. Nt Verify kim tra xem biu thc ca chng ta c ng c php hay cha. Cc bc thc hin khi s dng lnh Select Chn Query > Select MapInfo hin th hp thoi Select Ch nh Table m bn mun thc hin cng vic chn la trong hp Select records from Table To ra mt biu thc logic dng la chn i tng trong hp Satisfy. Chn mt ct no sp xp th t cc i tng c chn trong hp Sort Results hay Column. Mc nh, MapInfo s khng sp xp th t cc mNu tin trong bng kt qu. Nu bn mun hin th cc mNu tin kt qu chn la ca bn trong mt bng Browse, hy nh du vo hp kim Browse Results. Nhn OK. MapInfo to ra mt Table tm v hin th ni dung cc mNu tin trong mt ca s Browse. MapInfo s t tn cho cc Table cha kt qu chn la ca bn l Quer. Nu bn tip tc thc hin lnh Select mt ln na th MapInfo s t tn cho Table tm tip theo l Quer. Bn hon ton c th thay th cc tn mc nh ny bng nhng tn mi do bn chn. thc hin iu ny, bn hy g tn mi m bn thch vo khung Store Results in Table trong hp thoi Select.
Mun lu li nhng Table tm nh nhng Table bnh thng khc, bn hy chn File > Save Copy As. 2. Truy vn d liu s dng lnh SQL Select Khi truy vn s dng lnh SQL Select, bn c th to ra cc Table Query tm cha thng tin c rt ra t nhiu Table gc khc nhau. Khi bn chn Query > SQL Select, MapInfo hin th hp thoi SQL Select.
thc hin vic xy dng cc biu thc truy vn bng SQL Select i hi bn phi c nhng kin thc c bn v s dng ngn ng SQL. Trong hp thoi ny: Select columns: ch nh tn cc ct thuc tnh mun hin th trong bng tm cha kt qu ca php chn. c th chn tn cc ct ny trong hp thc n ko xung Column. Mc nh, MapInfo s lit k tt c cc ct trong nhng Table c chn lm bng ngun
(*) vo bng tm. Cng trong hp Select column, bn cng c th to ra thm cc ct mi khi s dng cc hm ton hc rt ra t hp thc n ko xung Functions. from Table : Ch nh tn ca cc bng c chn lm bng ngun where Condition : xy dng biu thc iu kin Group by Columns: ch nh tn ca ct thuc tnh c cc mNu tin c gi tr thuc tnh ging nhau m bn mun tng hp d liu cho bng t ct thuc tnh . MapInfo cung cp 6 hm chc nng tng hp d liu:
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Count (*): m s mNu tin trong mt nhm. Hm ny s dng du sao ch cc mNu tin trong nhm, khng phn bit mNu tin c bao nhiu ct. Sum (Expression): Tnh ton tng s cho cc gi tr trong <biu thc>. Phm vi tnh tng l tt c cc mNu tin trong nhm.
Average (Expression): Tnh ton gi tr trung bnh cho cc gi tr trong <biu thc>. Phm vi tnh tng l tt c cc mNu tin trong nhm. Wtavg (Expression): Tnh ton gi tr trung bnh Weighted cho cc gi tr trong <biu thc>. Phm vi tnh tng l tt c cc mNu tin trong nhm. Max (Expression): Tm gi tr ln nht cho cc gi tr trong <biu thc>. Phm vi tnh tng l tt c cc mNu tin trong nhm. Min (Expression): Tm gi tr nh nht cho cc gi tr trong <biu thc>. Phm vi tnh tng l tt c cc mNu tin trong nhm.
Order by Columns: Ch nh ct thuc tnh sp xp d liu trong bng. Nu ct thuc tnh ch nh c kiu s, MapInfo s sp xp d liu theo th t tng dn. Nu ct thuc tnh ch nh c kiu ch, MapInfo s sp xp theo th t Alphabetical.
Into Table Named: t tn mi cho bng tm (nu c)
Nu bn mun hin th hoc khng hin th ca s Browser kt qu c chn, bn bm vo vung Browser results chn hoc loi b s la chn y.
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Chng V
PHN NHM D LIU

Mt cng dng ph bin ca MapInfo l kh nng gom nhm cc i tng da trn ni dung mt ct thuc tnh chung no , c tnh ny ca MapInfo goi l Redistrict. Redistrict ca MapInfo cho php bn to ra nhng nhm d liu mi, t chc li cc nhm d liu c, tnh ton thc hin thng k cc gi tr nhm thc hin cc thao tc phn tch, m phng. Chng ny s tp trung bn v nhng vn nh sau: Redistrict l g? Chc nng ca Redistricting trong vic phn loi v t chc d liu S dng c tnh Redistricting Cc ty chn khi s dng c tnh Redistricting Vi iu cn bit v cc mNu tin khng c i tng ha i km Lu li cc sp xp, t chc d liu
I.
REDISTRICTING L G?
Redistricting l mt qu trnh x l gom nhm cc i tng trn bn theo mt cu
trc t chc no , nhm to c s cho vic tnh ton, tng hp d liu, thng k cc gi tr trn ton b mng li. Khi bn thc hin chc nng c tnh ny, MapInfo s to ra bn chuyn loi Individual Value da trn ct thuc tnh m bn ch nh. Mu sc, k hiu s c gn cho cc nhm i tng, nh vy bn thy c phm vi cng nh gi tr ca cc nhm. Cc ct d liu thng k cng s xut hin trong ca s Districts Browser cng vi nhm i tng tng ng. Nhng li ch trn ch l mt phn trong s cc li ch m Redistricting em li cho bn. Sc mnh thc s ca c tnh ny nm trong ca s Districts Browser. Trong c s d liu ny, bn c th di chuyn i tng t nhm ny sang nhm khc bng cch nhn tr chut vo i tng v s dng cc nt cng c di chuyn i tng ny vo trong mt nhm m bn mong mun. Khi , s liu thng k v d liu cng c cp nht t ng trong ca s Districts Browser. Nh vy, bn thy ngay kt qu ca qu trnh thay i ca bn nh hng n gi tr tng kt nh th no?
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Mt khi bn va lng vi s sp xp gom nhm d liu, bn c th lu li chng ln a. Sau , nu cn bn c th thay i cc nhm c c mt t chc d liu nh mong mun. Chc nng Redistricting khc to ra cc i tng ha mi v cng khc thay i nh dng (Styles) cc i tng ha ca bn. Redistricting ch n gin l mt cng c gom nhm cc i tng da trn ct thuc tnh district (ct thuc tnh cha tn cc nhm) m thi. V th, cc i tng ha khng h b thay i ngoi tr trng hp bn c tnh lu li cc nh dng do Redistricting to ra. Chc nng Redistricting tc dng ln tt c cc lp bn cha loi i tng a gic, on thng v im. Ty thuc Table ca bn cha cc i tng ha loi no m MapInfo s t ng s dng cc nh dng Region, Line v Symbol Style tng ng. MapInfo gii hn s lng nhm i tng ca bn trong mt Table l 300 nhm.
II. CHC NNG CA REDISTRICTING TRONG VIC PHN NHM D LIU

C th s dng c tnh Redistricting ca MapInfo thc hin nhiu ng dng quan trng. c tnh Redistricting c th s dng nhng khi bn mun nm thng tin h thng mt cch tng qut hoc t chc li cc nhm i tng nhm phc v cho cng tc quy hoch. Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc x l Redistricting, nn nm r hai vn sau: Bng phn nhm (Districts Browser) Nhm gc (Target District)
1. Bng phn nhm (Districts Browser) Bng Districts Browser l phng tin cho php x l to mi v thay i cc nhm. Hon ton ging nh nhng bng Browser trong MapInfo, bng Districts Browser l mt ca s c duy tr mt mi lin kt nng vi ca s Map, cc s liu thng k trong bng Districts Browser s thay i theo. Bn c th lu li cch phn nhm hoc tip tc thc hin cc thao tc phn nhm. Bng Districts Browser lit k cc nhm i tng trong Table ca bn, mi nhm l mt mNu tin. Cc ct thuc tnh cha d liu thng k trn ton b mng li. Ty theo bn ch nh trong hp thoi Redistricting m MapInfo c th lit k cc ct thng tin thng k khc nhau
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2. Nhm gc (Target District) Nhm gc chnh l nhm i tng ang c chn trong bng Districts Browser. Trong bng Districts Browser, lun lun c mt nhm i tng (mt mNu tin) c chn lm i tng gc. Trong Redistricting, nhm gc l nhm nhn nhng i tng m bn mun chuyn chng i. C ngha l: khi bn mun chuyn mt i tng t nhm A sang nhm B, th trc ht bn phi chn nhm B lm nhm gc. Khi s dng chc nng Redistricting, MapInfo t ng gn thuc tnh nhm gc cho nhm u tin trong bng Districts Browser. Tuy nhin, c th thay i nhm gc bng cch nh du chn vo hp chn nm u mNu tin trong bng Districts Browser. C 3 cch chn nhm lm nhm gc : nh du chn vo hp chn nm u mi mNu tin trong bng Districts Browser Chn mt i tng trong ca s Map, kch hot ca s Districts Browser (Nhn tr chut vo thanh tiu ca bng Districts Browser, menu Redistrict xut hin), chn lnh Redistrict > Set Target Distric From Map. Lp tc, nhm cha i tng ang chn s c lm nhm gc. Chn mt i tng trong ca s Map bng cng c Select, sau dng tr chut nhn vo nt Set Target Distric trn thanh cng c Main.
Nhm gc c nh du trong bng Districts Browser ging nh mt mNu tin c chn. Nhm gc cng c ghi r gc tri mn hnh, trn thanh tnh trng Status Bar. Khi bn ch lm vic vi mt s t nhm trong bng Districts Browser, bn s rt d dng chn nhm gc. Tuy nhin trong trng hp bn c nhiu nhm (ti a l 300 nhm) bn s chn c i tng gc nhanh hn bng cch chn i tng ngay trn ca s Map v chn lnh hoc nt Set Target Distric From Map. Nu trong hp thoi Redistricter (kch hot bng cch nhn Redistrict > Options), ty chn Most Recently Used c nh du th khi bn chn mt i tng trn ca s Map, MapInfo s t ng dch chuyn mNu tin nhm ca i tng ln gn nh ca bng Redistrict Browser nu mNu tin nhm khng nhn thy c.
Sau , bn c th chn nhm i tng m bn quan tm lm nhm i tng gc bng 1 trong 3 cch nh trnh by phn trn.
thay i nhm i tng gc, bn ch cn nh du chn vo hp thoi ti mNu tin nhm ca bng Redistrict Browser hoc chn mt i tng trn ca s Map v sau dng tr chut nhn vo nt Set Target District Set Target Distric From Map. Lun lun c mt nhm i tng gc c chn ti mi thi im. Bn khng th thi chn nhm i tng gc bng cch chn lnh Query > Unselect All. Khi s dng cng c Select chn mt i tng trn ca s Map, MapInfo tm thi gn chng vo nhm i tng gc v tnh ton li cc s liu thng ktrn mng li. Cc thay i v gi tr d liu s c th hin trong ca s bng Redistrict Browser. C ngha l s lng i tng v cc s liu thng k trong nhm i tng s tng ln, ng thi s lng i tng v cc s liu thng k trong nhm c cha i tng bn chn s gim i. trn thanh cng c Main hay chn lnh Redistrict >
III.
S DNG C TNH REDISTRICTING
Thng thng, vic s dng c tnh Redistricting di chuyn mt i tng t nhm ny sang nhm khc s ln lt thng qua nhng bc sau: Chn Window > New Redistrict Window, MapInfo hin th hp thoi New Redistrict Window nh sau:
Chn tn Table v cc ct d liu thng k trong hp thoi ny. Sau , nhn OK. MapInfo hin th ca s bng Redistrict Browser. Trong hp thoi ny c mt ct thuc tnh nh dng cho tng nhm i tng. Thay i nhm i tng gc (nu cn) bng mt trong ba cch nh trnh by phn trn
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S dng cng c Select chn nhng i tng m bn mun gn chng vo nhm i tng gc. Xem kt qu d liu thng k thay i trong bng Redistrict Browser Nu ng , gn cc i tng chn vo nhm i tng gc bng cch chn lnh Redistrict > Assign Selected Objects hoc nhn nt Assign Selected Objects trn thanh cng c Main.
Cc thao tc x l trn s c trnh by c th hn trong hai mc sau y, ng vi trng hp bn to nhm mi hoc t chc li cc nhm c tn ti trong mt Table. 1. To nhm mi Nu cha thit lp t chc cc nhm trn Table, c th to mi chng, phng php thc hin nh sau: To mt ct thuc tnh mi hon ton trng c th cha tn ca cc nhm. thc hin iu ny, bn chn Table > Maintenance > Table Structure thm mt ct mi vo Table hin hnh. Vo Menu Window > New Redistrict Window. Hp thoi New Redistrict Window xut hin trn mn hnh, hy chn tn Table ca bn trong thc n ko xung Source Table. Tip tc chn ct thuc tnh trong nhm khung District Field. Ct thuc tnh cha tn nhm ny chnh l ct trng to ra lc u.
Mt kh nng rt mnh ca c tnh Redistricting l kh nng tnh ton thng k gi tr d liu trn ton b mng li cc i tng ca table. Bt k ct thuc tnh dng s no cng c th c tng hp tnh ra tng s ca tng nhm hoc t l phn trm ca nhm trn ton b gi tr cc nhm. Trong khung Available Field ca hp thoi New Redistrict Window, MapInfo hin th tt c nhng x l thng k c th thc hin trn Table ca bn. Mun chn mt x l thng k no trong khung Available Field, ch cn di chuyn thanh sang n v tr tng ng v nhn Add. Lp tc, ct thng tin m bn mong mun s c lit k trong khung Field to Browser, ch c nhng ct thng tin c lit k trong khung Field to Browser mi c hin th trong bng Districts Browser sau ny. C th sp xp th t cc ct thng tin trong bng District Browser bng cch nhn nt Up hoc Down Nhn OK khi bn hon thnh ni dung ca hp thoi New Redistrict Window. MapInfo s thc hin x l phn nhm cho cc i tng trn Table ca bn.
Sau khi thc hin xong, MapInfo hin th Table ca bn trong mt ca s Map vi mt mu duy nht v ca s Districts Browser ch cha mt nhm duy nht vi ct tn nhm
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trng. iu ny xy ra l v bn yu cu MapInfo phn nhm cc i tng trn Table ca bn vi ct phn nhm l mt ct trng. to ra nhm mi, kch hot bng Districts Browser bng cch dng con tr chut nhn vo thanh tiu ca ca s ny. Lc ny, menu lnh Redistrict xut hin trn thanh Menu ca MapInfo Bn hy chn lnh Redistrict > Add > Redist. Mt nhm mi s xut hin trong bng Districts Browser vi tn l District(n), vi n l s th t tng dn khi bn thm vo cc tn nhm mi. Tip tc thm nhng nhm mi theo cch nh trn cho n khi cc bn c mt s lng nhm theo yu cu phn nhm ca bn. Bn c th thay i tn mc nh m MapInfo t cho mi nhm mi bng cch t con tr vo tn nhm trong bng Districts Browser, xa tn c v g tn mi vo. bt u tin hnh vic phn nhm cc i tng trn bn , bn hy chn mt nhm i tng lm gc. Sau s dng cng c Select chn cc i tng trn bn (kt hp phm Shift chn nhiu i tng cng lc). Ch theo di cc gi tr thng k trong bng Districts Browser. Lc ny, tuy d liu thng k thay i nhng mu sc ca cc i tng trn bn vn cha thay i theo nhm. Khi chn ht tt c cc i tng mun gom chung vo nhm gc hin hnh, hy kch hot bng Districts Browser v chn lnh Redistrict > Assign Selected Objects (hoc nhn nt ) MapInfo gom nhm cc i tng va chn vo nhm gc. Lc ny, mu sc ca cc i tng thay i theo mu sc ca nhm gc Bn khng th tin hnh phn nhm cc i tng khc khi cha thc hin xong vic phn nhm cho i tng gc hin hnh. Cui qu trnh lm vic, nu bn mun lu kt qu vic phn nhm, vo menu File > Save. Tip tc vic phn nhm cho cc i tng gc khc. Kt qu cui cng cho thy cc nhm i tng th hin trn bn vi mu sc khc nhau, rt d phn bit v d liu trong bng Districts Browser cho bit gi tr thng k cng nh t l ca mi nhm trn ton b mng li i tng. 2. Phn li nhm cho cc i tng trn bn Nu bn phn nhm cho cc i tng trn Table bng ni dung mt ct thuc tnh no , c th s dng ct thuc tnh ny hnh thnh cc nhm i tng. V vy khi s dng chc nng Redistricting, MapInfo s hin th cc i tng vi nhng k hiu, nhng i tng c cng nhm s c k hiu ging nhau v cc i tng khc nhm s c k hiu khc nhau. Bt u qu trnh Redistricting, bn chn Window > New Redistrict Window, MapInfo hin th hp thoi New Redistrict Window. Hy chn tn Table trong thc n ko xung Source
Table. Tip tc chn ct thuc tnh nhm trong khung District Field, y l ct thuc tnh cha tn cc nhm c sn.Trong khung Available Field ca hp thoi New Redistrict Window, MapInfo hin th tt c nhng x l thng k c th c thc hin trn Table. Mun chn mt x l thng k no trong khung Available Field, bn ch cn di chuyn thanh sng n v tr tng ng v nhn nt Add. Lp tc, ct thng tin m bn mong mun s c lit k trong khung Fields to Browser. Ch c nhng ct thng tin c lit k trong khung Fields to Browser mi c hin th trong bng Districts Browser sau ny. Bn c th sp xp th t cc ct thng tin trong bng Districts Browser bng cch nhn nt Up hoc Dow. Khi bn hon ton va lng vi hp thoi New Redistrict Window, hy nhn OK, MapInfo s thc hin x l phn nhm cc i tng trn Table ca bn to ra mt s phn nhm i tng ging nh bn chuyn Individual Values v mt bng Districts Browser. Khng ging nh kt qu thc hin trn Redistricting ca mc pha trn, ln ny, MapInfo to ra nhiu nhm i tng. S lng nhm ty thuc vo s lng cc ni dung ca ct thuc tnh nhm. Bn c th di chuyn i tng t nhm ny sang nhm khc ging nh thc hin trong mc trc hoc to ra nhm i tng mi v di chuyn cc i tng t cc nhm c sang nhm mi.
IV.
CC TY CHN KHI S DNG C TNH REDISTRICTING

Bn c th iu khin cc nhm th t trong bng Districts Browser bng cch chn lnh
Redistrict > Options. Lc ny, MapInfo s hin th hp thoi Redistricter Options.
Trong khung Districts Sort Order ca hp thai ny, bn c th chn cch sp xp th t cc nhm bng mt trong ba kiu sau y : Most Recently Used: nh cp trong phn trc, trong trng hp c nhiu nhm i tng, bn nn nh du vo ty chn ny. Nh vy, khi s dng cng c
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Select nhn vo i tng trn mt bn , MapInfo s t ng dch chuyn cc mNu tin nhm trong bng Districts Browser bn c th thy c mNu tin nhm cha i tng m bn chn. ty chn ny gip bn truy cp tht nhanh n nhm i tng m bn quan tm. Alphabetical: sp sp th t cc mNu tin nhm trong bng Districts Browser theo th t Alphabetical. Unordered: Khng sp xp th t g c.
Bn cng c th chn Show Grid Lines v Save as Default trong hp thoi ny. Ch : c tnh Redistricting gom nhm cc i tng trn bn . Nu s dng c tnh Redistricting vi nhng Table m Table c cha cc mNu tin khng c i tng ha i km, MapInfo cng s gom nhm cc i tng ny trong bng Districts Browser. Trong trng hp ny, bn khng th gn cc i tng ny vo bt c nhm mi no. Cc mNu tin ny cng gy nh hng n kt qu thng k trn mng khi bn di chuyn cc i tng vo nhm mi.
V.
LU LI CC SP XP, T CHC D LIU

Mi khi thc hin xong s phn nhm cc i tng, c th lu li kt qu phn
nhm bng cch chn File > Save. Lnh Save trong trng hp ny s ch lu cc i tng Table ca bn vi nhng tn nhm mi.
trn
Nu mun lu li cc nh dng i tng ha ( mu sc, c nt, Symbol) cho cc i tng theo nhm, phi s dng lnh Save Workspace trong menu File. kt thc vic gom nhm cc i tng ha trn bn , ch cn ng ca s bng Districts Browser bng cch nhn vo hp iu khin gc bn tri ca ca s ny, sau chn lnh Close. Lp bn i tng phn nhm lp tc s b loi ra khi ca s Map. Ch : Phi kt thc vic gom nhm trn mt lp i tng trc khi mun thc hin s gom nhm trn mt lp Table khc.
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Chng VI
PHN TCH D LIU

Khi lm vic trn mt h thng thng tin a l , c nhiu l do thc hin nhng phn tch a l trn cc d liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh. Chng ny s gii thiu cc c tnh phn tch quan h v cc cng c cho php hiu chnh i tng cng vi d liu ca chng. Ngoi ra, cn c cc c tnh to vng m v cc lnh kt hp i tng.
I.
CH HIU CHNH I TNG GC (SET TARGET)
Vi hm chc nng hiu chnh i tng mi ny ca MapInfo, bn c th thc hin cc thao tc kt hp, chia nh, xa cc i tng trn bn hoc thm nt ti giao im cc i tng bng ch hiu chnh trn i tng gc. Ch ny cho php bn to ra i tng mi t cc i tng trn cng Table hoc trn cc Table khc. Cc phng php tng hp d liu cho php bn tnh ton to ra d liu cho cc i tng mi da trn ngun d liu ca cc i tng ban u. Ch hiu chnh i tng gc trong MapInfo cho php bn chn mt i tng trn bn lm i tng gc. Sau , da trn i tng gc ny chng ta s to nn cc i tng khc. Ty theo quan h gia i tng gc vi nhng i tng khc, chng ta c th hnh thnh cc x l hiu chnh khc nhau. Lnh set Target nm trong menu Object. Ch hiu chnh i tng c th c thc hin thng qua 3 thao tc sau: 1. Bt c tnh i tng gc cho i tng mun hiu chnh 2. Chn cc i tng ct trn cc bn . Cc i tng ny s tham gia hnh thnh cc x l hiu chnh trn i tng gc. 3. Chn v thc hin thao tc hiu chnh nh: combine, split, earse, earse outside v overlay nodes. Cc i tng mi s c to ra ti v tr i tng gc. C i tng gc v cc i tng ct phi cng l cc i tng kn (a gic, hnh ch nht, elip ) hoc cc i tng ng (on thng, a tuyn hoc cung trn). Bn khng th ni mt i tng a gic vo i tng a tuyn. Tuy nhin, hon ton c th chuyn mt i tng a gic thnh mt i tng a tuyn, sau ni i tng a tuyn ny vi mt i tng a tuyn khc. Khng nht thit phi lm vic vi cc i tng trn cng Table. Cc i tng ct c th nm trn lp bn khc vi lp bn ca i tng gc.
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Thao tc Set Target cho mt i tng v bn cht hon ton ging nhau khi bn thc hin vic kt ni, chia nh hay ct ta i tng.
II.
TNG HP V PHN CHIA D LIU

Nu i tng ha cn hiu chnh c d liu thuc tnh i km, bn c th phn chia
gi tr cc ct d liu ca i tng gc sao cho cc i tng mi c cc gi tr thuc tnh ng. iu ny c gi l tng hp v phn chia d liu. Ty thuc vo trng hp tng hp hay phn chia d liu, MapInfo s tnh ton gi tr d liu cho cc i tng mi. 1. Cc phng php tng hp d liu Sum: ct thuc tnh ca i tng mi s c gi tr d liu bng tng gi tr d liu ca cc i tng ban u Average: ct thuc tnh ca i tng mi s c gi tr d liu bng trung bnh gi tr d liu ca cc i tng ban u Weighted Average Value: Gi li gi tr d liu trn ct thuc tnh m bn ch nh No Change: Chuyn gi tr d liu trn ct thuc tnh t i tng gc sang i tng mi.
2. Cc phng php phn chia d liu Blank: Loi b gi tr ct thuc tnh ca i tng gc, i tng mi trng ct thuc tnh tng ng Value: Gi nguyn gi tr ct thuc tnh ca i tng gc. Area Proportion: Tnh ton gi tr thuc tnh da trn kch thc ca i tng mi
Vi cc thao tc hiu chnh bng ch Set Target, bn c th t chi khng nhn bt k d liu t cc i tng gc bng cch nh du vo hp kim No Data. Hp thoi cho php tng hp hoc phn chia d liu s xut hin sau khi bn hon thnh qu trnh chn mt i tng lm gc, chn i tng ct, chn lnh hiu chnh. Bn phi ch nh phng php tng hp v phn tch d liu theo mong mun.
III.
KT NI VI I TNG GC
Lnh kt ni i tng trong MapInfo cho php kt hp nhiu i tng trn bn thnh mt i tng duy nht. bng cch s dng lnh Combine trong ch Set Target, bn c th s dng cc ct thuc tnh ca i tng gc iu ny tht s hu ch khi thc hin lnh kt hp mt i tng chnh vi cc i tng ph.
Bn ch c th chn mt i tng lm i tng gc ti mt thi im. i vi cc i tng ct, bn c th chn nhiu i tng cng lc. Phng php thc hin vic kt hp cc i tng bng ch Set Target nh sau: Chn i tng trn mt lp bn bng cng c Select. i tng ny phi nm trn mt lp c tnh Editable. Chn trong menu Objects > Set Target. Lp tc i tng s i kiu hin th bn d dng nhn ra n chnh l i tng gc. S dng cng c Select chn mt hoc nhiu i tng trn cc lp lm i tng ct. Chn lnh Object > Combine. Hp thoi Data Aggrggation xut hin Trong hp thoi ny, bn phi ch nh phng php tng hp d liu cho cc ct d liu trong danh sch. Kt hp phm Shift khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php tng hp d liu cho nhng ct thng tin lin tip hoc kt hp phm Control khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php tng hp d liu cho nhng ct thng tin bt k. Nhn OK.
MapInfo s tnh ton v hin th i tng mi. i tng mi ny s l tp hp ca cc i tng ban u. c th s dng cng c Info kim tra thng tin ca i tng mi ny. Ch : Lnh Combine ch c tc dng trn nhng i tng c chn. mun thc hin vic kt ni ln ton b cc i tng trn mt lp bn , chn Query > Select All. kt ni i tng thnh tng nhm da trn ni dung ct thng tin no , chn Table > Combine Ojects Using Column.
IV. PHN CHIA I TNG

Lnh phn chia i tng trong MapInfo cho php chia i tng ra lm nhiu i tng nh hn. Lnh ny s dng cc i tng khc lm i tng ct. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Trn mt lp bn c c tnh Ediatble, s dng cng c Select chn mt i tng lm gc. Chn Objects > Set Target. Lp tc i tng c chn s thay i kiu hin th bn d dng nhn bit chnh l i tng gc.
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S dng cng c Select chn (hoc to mi mt i tng v chn i tng ) mt hoc nhiu i tng trn bt k lp bn no lm i tng ct. Cc i tng ny phi l cc i tng kn (Closed Objects)
Chn Objects > Split. Hp thoi Data Disaggregation xut hin trn mn hnh.
Trong hp thoi ny, phi ch nh phng php phn chia d liu (hoc ch nh No Data) cho cc ct d liu trong danh sch. Kt hp phm Shift khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php phn chia d liu cho nhng ct thng tin lin tip hoc kt hp phm Control khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php phn chia d liu cho nhng ct thng tin bt k. Nhn OK
MapInfo s tnh ton v hin th i tng mi. i tng mi ny s l nhng i tng con c chia ra t i tng gc ban u. C th s dng cng c Info kim tra thng tin ca i tng mi ny.
V.
CT TA I TNG
C 2 cch ct ta i tng trong menu Objects: S dng lnh Objects > Erase ct b phn din tch m ti , i tng gc v i tng ct nm trng ln nhau. S dng lnh Objects > Erase Outside ct b i nhng phn din tch trn i tng gc m ti , i tng gc v i tng ct khng nm trng ln nhau.
Phng php thc hin nh sau:

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Trn mt lp bn c c tnh Editable, s dng cng c Select chn mt i tng lm gc Chn Objects > Set Target. Lp tc i tng c chn s thay i kiu hin th bn d dng nhn bit chnh l i tng gc. S dng cng c Select chn (hoc to mi mt i tng v chn i tng ) mt hoc nhiu i tng trn bt k lp bn no lm i tng ct. Cc i tng ny phi l cc i tng kn (Closed Objects). Chn Objects > Earse (hoc Erase Outside). Hp thoi data Disaggregation xut hin trn mn hnh Trong hp thoi ny, phi ch nh phng php phn chia d liu (hoc ch nh No Data) cho cc ct d liu trong danh sch. Kt hp phm Shift khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php phn chia d liu cho nhng ct thng tin lin tip hoc kt hp phm Control khi nhn chut nu mun p dng cng phng php phn chia d liu cho nhng ct thng tin bt k. Nhn OK. MapInfo s tnh ton v hin th i tng mi. i tng mi ny s l nhng i tng
c ct ta t i tng gc ban u. c th s dng cng c Info kim tra thng tin ca i tng mi ny.
VI.
CHN CC IM GIAO VO I TNG
Chc nng chn im giao vo i tng (Overlaying Nodes) ca MapInfo cho php bn chn thm nhng im nt mi vo i tng gc ti v tr m i tng gc giao vi i tng ct. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Trn mt lp bn c c tnh Editable, s dng cng c Select chn mt i tng lm i tng gc. Chn Objects > Set Target. Lp tc i tng c chn s thay i kiu hin th bn d dng nhn bit chnh l i tng gc. S dng cng c Select chn (hoc to mi mt i tng v chn i tng ) mt hoc nhiu i tng trn bt k lp bn no lm i tng ct. Chn Objects > Overlay Nodes. MapInfo s chn nhng im giao vo i tng gc nh mong mun.
VII. TO MT VNG M (BUFFER)
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Mun xc nh s lng khch hng nm trong mt khong cch no so vi mt vt ch nh hoc c nhu cu chn tt c cc trm bin p nm trong phm vi hnh trn bn knh cho trc MapInfo cung cp cho bn mt cng c to vng m rt hu hiu l lnh Buffer. Vng m l mt hnh a gic bao quanh mt i tng l on thng, a gic, im hay bt k loi i tng no khc trn lp bn . Bn c th iu khin kch thc, phm vi ca cc a gic m bng cch ch nh bn knh ca vng m, gi tr bn knh c th l mt hoc nhng gi tr c to ra t biu thc tnh ton.
Phng php to vng m nh sau: Trn lp bn mang c tnh Editable, chn cc i tng ha m bn mun to vng m. Chn lnh Objects > Buffer. Hp thoi Buffer Objects xut hin:
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Trong hp thoi ny, bn ch nh cho MapInfo bit cc thng tin v gi tr ca bn knh vng m, s lng on thng m MapInfo s dng to nn cc vng trn m:
Bn knh vng m s quyt nh kch thc ca a gic m m MapInfo s to ra. Nu mun to vng m xung quanh phm vi 100m cho mt im no , bn phi g vo khung value s 100 v chn n v o lng l meters trong khung Units. Nu bn ch nh MapInfo ly gi tr bn knh vng m t mt ct thng tin, chn ct thng tin trong khung From Column v cng chn n v trong khung Units. Gi tr Smoothness 12 segments per Circle quy nh MapInfo s s dng 12 on thng ni tip nhau to thanh hnh trn vng m. con s ny c th thay i, vic tng gi tr con s on to nn hnh trn s lm cho hnh trn mn hn. Nhng b li, nu gi tr ny cng ln th MapInfo s mt nhiu thi gian to vng m. Bn c th chn la mt trong hai ty chn: hoc to mt vng m duy nht cho tt c cc i tng c chn (One buffer of all objects) hoc mi i tng to mt vng m ring (One buffer for each objects) Nhn OK. MapInfo s t ng v cc vng m ln trn lp bn ang c Edit.
VIII. KT NI CC I TNG BNG NI DUNG MT CT THNG TIN

Lnh kt ni cc i tng bng ni dung mt ct thng tin (Combine Objects using Column) cho php bn kt ni cc i tng li vi nhau. Phng php thc hin nh sau:
Vo menu Table > Combine Objects Using Column. Hp thoi Combine Objects Using Column xut hin
Trong hp thoi ny, bn ch nh ct thng tin m bn s dng lm ct lin kt cc i tng li vi nhau. Kt qu ca s lin kt s to ra cc i tng mi, cc i tng ny s c lu li trn lp bn m bn ch nh trong khung Store result in table. Nhn nt Next, hp thoi Data Aggregation xut hin cho bn ch nh phng php tng hp d liu. Nhn OK bt u thc hin vic kt ni.
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Chng VII
TO BN CHUYN
Bn chuyn l cng c phn tch v hin th d liu 1 cch trc quan. Khi to mt bn chuyn , tc l to ra cc i tng ha cha ng ni dung d liu v hin th chng trong ca s Map. iu quan trng nht khi to bn chuyn l cch thit k cc yu t trn bn nh phng php biu th ni dung, mu sc, ng nt lm ni bt c ch , tnh h thng v tnh thNm m ca bn . Cc phng php th hin th ni dung bn trong MapInfo bao gm: Mc gi tr (Ranges of Values) Kch thc k hiu (Graduate symbol) Mt im (Dot densities) Gi tr ring l (Individual values) Mnh (pie charts) Thanh (bar charts) Trong mi phng php s dng nhiu bin v nhiu ty chn khc nhau.
I.
no .
CC LOI BN CHUYN
Bn chuyn l kt qa ca s phn tch, x l v hin th d liu theo mt ch
Trong MapInfo, vic to bn chuyn bng cch gn mu sc, kiu nn hoc kiu k hiu cho cc i tng ha trn bn . Vic gn cc c tnh hin th cho cc i tng hon ton ty thuc vo gi tr thuc tnh ch nh ca i tng. Loi th dng thanh (Bar) v mnh (Pie) ca MapInfo cho php bn to lp s so snh gia cc mNu tin. Vic to bn chuyn tri qua nhiu bc trong 3 hp thoi. Cc hp thoi ny ln lt gip bn chn la kiu bn chuyn m bn mong mun, cc Table v cc ct thuc tnh MapInfo m bn mun s dng v nhiu ty chn khc bn to c bn chuyn c ni dung nh bn mong mun. Chn Map > Create Thematic Map thc hin vic to bn chuyn . Khi , hp thoi Create Thematic Map Step 1 of 3 hin th nh sau:
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MapInfo cung cp 6 hnh thc th hin ca bn chuyn , mi loi c mc ch v thuc tnh ring. Th d, loi bn chuyn Dot Density thng s dng ch mt nh: mt dn s, cy trng, nh ca Bn khng ch thc hin s phn tch d liu trn cc ct thuc tnh kiu s (number) m bn cn c th thc hin s phn tch d liu bng bn chuyn trn nhng ct thuc tnh kiu ch (character) 1. Bn chuyn loi Individual Values Bn chuyn loi Individual Values c th tc ng ln cc i tng im, ng, vng. Ty theo cc gi tr ca bin ch nh, cc i tng ny s c mu sc, k hiu khc nhau (nu l i tng im). C th s dng loi ny cho c d liu s v ch. 2. Bn chuyn loi Ranges of Values Khi to mt bn chuyn loi ny, MapInfo s nhm tt c cc mNu tin li thnh tng nhm, cc mNu tin c gi tr chuyn nm trong mt khong no s chung mt nhm. Cc i tng chung nhm s c c tnh hin th ging nhau, gia cc nhm khc nhau s c gn mu sc, k hiu khc nhau. i vi cc i tng thuc im, khi to bn chuyn , ta c th ch nh kch thc cho cc k hiu to nh ty thuc vo gi tr bin m chng cha. Nhng kiu phn mc gi tr trong bn chuyn Ranges
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MapInfo a ra 5 phng thc phn cp to ra cc mc gi tr l: Natural Break, Quantile, Equal Count, Equal Ranges, Standard deviation. Mun to ra cc mc theo kiu khc, chn Ranges trong khung Customize ca hp thoi Create Thematic Step 3 of 3.
Equal Count : phng thc ny gip to ra cc mc gi tr sao cho s mNu tin trong mi mc bng nhau. Th d: nu trong d liu c 100 mNu tin v c ch nh phn thanh 4 mc th mi mc s gm c 25 mNu tin. Equal Ranges: Phng thc ny chia nhm cc mNu tin da trn cc khong gi tr bng nhau. V d: cc mNu tin trong d liu c gi tr bin ch nm trong khong t 1 n 100 v c ch nh phn thnh 4 mc. Kt qu, MapInfo s to ra cc mc gi tr 1..25, 26..50, 51..75, 76..100. nh vy, c th MapInfo s to ra mt s mc no m trong khng tn ti mt mNu tin no c Kiu Natural Break v Quantile l hai kiu phn chia d liu khng ng u. Kiu Natural Break phn nhm cc mNu tin da trn mt thut ton. Ty theo gi tr trung bnh ca mi mc m thut ton ny s phn chia d liu u n hn trong mi mc. 3. Bn chuyn loi Graduate Symbol Bn chuyn loi Graduate Symbol to ra thang k hiu tng dn theo gia tng ca gi tr thuc tnh kiu s, nhng ch chp nhn s bin i trong kch thc ca k hiu im v rng ca k hiu ng. Cc gi tr ca d liu s c th hin bng ln nh ca k hiu. Khi to thang k hiu cho d liu trn bn , cn phi chn vng gii hn hin th, kch c, rng trn bn
C th thay i mu sc, kiu dng v kch thc ca k hiu. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Chn Setting trong khung Customize ca hp thoi Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3. Kch vo biu tng Symbol trong hp thoi Customize Graduated Symbols. Khi , MapInfo s hin th hp thoi Symbol Style cho php bn thay i thuc tnh. Mc nh, MapInfo s dng kiu k hiu hnh trn mu . Ngoi ra, c th hin th cc gi tr m ca bin ch (nu c). Cc k hiu ca cc thuc tnh trong dy gi tr m ny c th khc vi dy gi tr dng. hin th cc gi tr m trong d liu (nu c), nhn nt Options>> trong hp thoi Customize Graduated Symbols m rng hp thoi nh du vo hp Show Symbol kch hot hin th cc gi tr m v kch vo k hiu thay i mu sc, hnh dng k hiu.
4. Bn chuyn loi Dot Density Bn chuyn loi Dot Density s dng mt cc im bn trong vng th hin gi tr d liu phn theo tng vng, ty thuc vo gi tr thuc tnh ca tng vng m mt cc im cng khc nhau (v d: 1 chm = 100 ngi), thng s dng cho nhng loi bn ch mt nh: mt dn s, cy trng, nh ca Khi to mt bn chuyn loi Dot Density, bn c 2 ty chn: Ch nh s lng cc im tng ng vi gi tr d liu bng cch thay i ni dung trong hp Each Dot Represents ca hp thoi Customize Dot Density Settings. Thay i kch thc ca im loi ln hay nh bng cch nh du vo Small hay Large trong khung Dot Size. 5. Bn chuyn loi Bar Chart Khng ging nh nhng loi bn chuyn trc, bn chuyn loi Bar Chart cho php phn tch v hin th d liu trn nhiu ct thuc tnh cng lc. Cc ct th s c to ra cho mi i tng ti tm im ca i tng . Vi cc i tng ny, bn c th xem xt, nh gi c mi tng quan v gi tr d liu gia cc i tng. Bn c th thay i mu sc ca tng biu hoc to ra cc khung bao quanh cc biu , sau c th thay i nn, mu nn ca cc khung ny. Ngoi ra, c th thay i phng hng ca cc biu ngang hay dc ty thch v c th la chn mt v tr s t biu trong cc v tr m MapInfo cho php. Mc nh, MapInfo s t biu ti tm ca i tng. 6. Bn chuyn loi Pie Chart
Tng t nh bn chuyn loi Bar Chart, bn chuyn loi Pie Chart thch hp khi phn tch d liu trn nhiu ct thuc tnh cng lc. Bn chuyn loi ny khng nhng cho thy s khc bit v gi tr d liu gia cc i tng m cn cho thy s tng quan gi tr gia cc ct thuc tnh trong cng mt i tng. Ngoi ra, c th thay i phng hng ca cc biu ngang hay dc ty thch v c th la chn mt v tr s t biu trong cc v tr m MapInfo cho php. Mc nh, MapInfo s t biu ti tm ca i tng. Mt ty chn khc na l chn kiu biu hnh trn hoc na hnh trn. thc hin iu ny, chn Half Pies hoc xa chn Half Pies trong khung Chart Type ca hp thoi Customize Pie Styles.
II.
LP K HOCH TO BN CHUYN
Trc khi tin hnh to ra mt bn chuyn , bn cn phi bit cc yu t to nn bn chuyn v chng c kt hp vi nhau nh th no to nn mt bn hon chnh. Phn ny s tp trung trnh by v cc bin ni m bn dng ly d liu v cch thc ly d liu t nhng table khc. 1. Cc bin chuyn D liu m bn chn la hin th trong bn chuyn c gi l bin chuyn . Ty thuc vo loi bn chuyn m bn c th s dng s lng bin khc nhau. Vi cc loi bn chuyn kiu Ranges of Values, Graduate symbol, Dot Densities v Individual Values chng ch s dng mt bin. vi loi bn chuyn kiu Pie v Bar Charts, chng c th s dng ng thi nhiu bin. Mt bin chuyn cng c th l mt biu thc. Trng hp ny xy ra khi bn chn Expression trong khung Field ca hp thoi Create Thematic Map. Vic to biu thc trong trng hp ny s to ra ct thng tin Derived, nhng thng tin ny c th ly t mt hay nhiu Table. Mc d mt biu thc c th s dng mt hay nhiu ct thuc tnh nhng ton b biu thc ch l mt bin chuyn duy nht. 2. Ngun d liu cho bn chuyn Trc khi bt u to ra mt bn chuyn bn phi xc nh c rng mun s dng nhng thng tin no cho vic hin th v nhng thng tin hin ang u, nhng thng tin c th l bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu khng gian. Ngoi ra, mi bn chuyn cn c mt lp bn lm nn. V d: Mun hin th bn dn s ca cc tnh trong nc Vit nam, ngoi ngun d liu v tng s dn, s nam, s n bn cn phi c mt lp d liu th hin cc vng theo ranh gii hnh chnh tnh lm nn.
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Nu cc thng tin yu cu nm trong cc Table nn ang hin th trong ca s Map, bn c th chn trc tip cc ct thuc tnh hin th trong hp Pick Field ca hp thoi Thematic Step 2 of 3. Trng hp cc thng tin yu cu nm trong cc Table khc khng c hin th trong ca s Map, bn phi thc hin mt s kt ni d liu t cc Table n Table nn. iu ny c thc hin nh chc nng Table > Update Column hoc mc Join trong hp thoi Create Thematic map Step 2 of 3, to ct d liu Derived t ngun d liu ni kt vi cc table khc. MapInfo hin th hp thoi Update Column for Thematic cho php bn to ct d liu lin kt . Ct d liu lin kt ny s nm trong lp Table nn. Trong ct d liu lin kt, bn c th ko trc tip d liu t cc Table khc vo hoc ko d liu vo nhng thng qua cc hm tng hp x l d liu.
III.
CC LP CHUYN
Khi to ra mt lp chuyn , MapInfo s t lp ny ngay bn trn lp bn nn ca n trong ca s Map. Vic sp xp nh vy to nn tnh d c, d phn tch cho bn chuyn . i vi bn chuyn loi Graduated Symbol khng i hi lp nn phi cha cc i tng im, cc k hiu c th c to ra ti trng tm ca cc i tng a tuyn, on thng ca bn nn. Khi to ra nhiu lp chuyn trn mt nn, bn c th cho chng hin th chung vi nhau trn mt ca s Map. C th s dng cc c tnh Zoom, Display trong hp thoi Layer Control i vi cc lp chuyn .
IV. S DNG CT THUC TNH LIN KT TRONG BN CHUYN

Chc nng Update Column cho php to ra mt ct tm trong Table cha d liu. d liu trong ct tm ny c th c rt ra trc tip t cc Table khc hoc qua cc hm bin i. Trc khi mun s dng d liu t mt Table khc, phi m c hai Table, mt Table cha d liu ch v mt Table cha d liu ngun. Table cha d liu ch l bng m d liu s lin kt vo sau khi thc hin xong thao tc lin kt. Bng d liu ngun l bng s c dng lin kt vo bng ch. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Vo menu Table > Update Column hoc mc Join trong hp thoi Create thematic map Step 2 of 3
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Xut hin hp thoi Update Column for Thematic. Trong hp thoi ny, chn tn ca Table ch trong Table to Update, chn tn ca mt ct c sn a d liu vo hay to mt ct thuc tnh tm vo Table ch ny.
Chn tn Table ngun vo hp Get Values From Table
Khi bn to mt ct tm cho bn chuyn , ct thuc tnh m bn mun a vo Table ch phi l ct thuc tnh kiu s (numeric). iu ny lun ng vi hu ht cc loi bn chuyn , ngoi tr Individual Values. a c d liu vo bng ch, bn cng cn phi a ra cch thc lin kt gia hai Table MapInfo tnh ton v rt d liu. Nhn vo nt Join trong hp thoi Update Column for thematic, MapInfo hin th hp thoi Specify Join. Trong hp thoi ny c hai ty chn cho php bn chn la hoc kt ni theo kiu 2 Table c chung mt ct thuc tnh hoc kt ni ha. Ty theo ni dung d liu hin c m c s chn la cho ph hp.
V. S DNG IM CHUYN (INFLECTION POINT) TRONG BN CHUYN

Mt cch khc lm ni bt cc mc gi tr trong bn chuyn loi Ranges l to ra im chuyn. To mt im chuyn l gn mu sc ring bit cho mt mc no , mc chuyn c th l mc c gi tr trung bnh trong dy gi tr ca bin chuyn . V vy, im chuyn s phn cc nhm ra lm 2 nhm: nhm trn trung bnh v nhm di trung bnh. Chng cng to ra hai mng thng tin ring bit, mng trn v mng di. Mu sc ca mc cao nht v thp nht s rt m nhng khng bao gi trng vi mu sc ca mc chuyn. V d: Chn mu sc ca mc chuyn c chn l mu trng, mu sc ca mc cao nht v thp nht l v xanh. Nh vy, dy mu sc qua cc mc t cao xung thp s bin thin t -> trng -> xanh. Hai mc gi tr gn mc chuyn s nht v xanh nht nhng khng bao gi trng vi mu trng ca mc chuyn. Phng php to im chuyn nh sau: Vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map Chn loi chuyn Ranges trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map Step 1 of 3. Nhn nt Next. Chn tn Table v trng d liu cn hin th trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map Step 2 fo 3. Nhn nt Next. Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3. Nhn nt Ranges chn mc phn chia gi tr (th d 10 mc)
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Sau nhn nt Styles thay i ch hin th ca cc thng tin v chn im chuyn. MapInfo s hin th hp thoi Customize Range Styles nh sau: Nhn nt Options m rng hp thoi. Trong khung Inflection, chn gi tr ca im chuyn trong hp thoi Inflection at lm mc trung bnh v nhn vo nt Style chn mu sc ca mc trung bnh.
Trong khung Styles, bn c th thay i mu sc ca cc dy gi tr bng cch nhn vo biu tng k hiu ca mc cao nht v thp nht.
VI.
THAY I NI DUNG CC MC TRONG BNG CH THCH
Khi bn to ra mt bn chuyn , MapInfo t ng to ra cc ch thch nhm gii thch cc mu sc, kiu, kch thc k hiu c trng cho gi tr cc i lng. bn c th thay i cc phn ch thch bng cch nhn vo nt Legend trong hp thoi Create Thematic map Step 3 of 3. Cc ni dung m bn c th thay i trong Legend l: th t cc dng ch thch, dng tiu ln, tiu nh, phng ch v cc dng ch thch cho tng kiu i tng. Bn c th cho cc dng ch thch bng Font ch ting Vit c du, nhng khi g nhn vo cc khung MapInfo khng hin th ng kiu ch. Cc ch ting Vit ch hin th ng trong ca s Legend. Bn c th g ting Vit trc ri chn Font ch sau. Nhn vo nt chn Font ch, MapInfo s hin th hp thoi Text Style cho php chn Font ch, mu sc, kch thc ch. Cng c th thay i th t cc dng trong ch thch theo th t tng dn hoc gim dn ca cc gi tr bng cch kch vo nt Descending hoc Ascending. Chc nng ny cng c tc dng i vi cc kiu d liu khng phi kiu s. Lu li cc qu trnh phn tch bn chuyn lu li cc qu trnh phn tch cng nh cc bn chuyn , chn chc nng Save Workspace t menu File.
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Chng VIII
TO TRANG IN
Khi thc hin vic to cc bn trn my tnh bng Mapinfo, bn cng s cn phi in bn ra giy phc v cho nhiu mc ch cng vic khc nhau. Ca s Layout ca Mapinfo cho php bn t chc sp xp trang in sao cho t c hiu qu ti a m bn mong mun.
I.
KHI QUT V CA S LAYOUT
Ca s Layout cho php bn thc hin vic dn trang in cho cc i tng. Trong ca s ny, bn c th hin th bn , bng s liu, biu chung trong mt ca s. C th sp xp t chc cc i tng sao cho tho mn ni dung trang in, chn bt k ca s no vo mn hnh Layout. T c th di chuyn v tr hoc thay i kch thc ca cc ca s c c ni dung trang in nh mong mun Ngoi ra, bn c th t cc i tng Text lm tiu cho trang in hp thoi hoc ch thch cc i tng. Mc d bn c th in cc ca s Map, Browser, Graph trc tip bng cch chn menu File > Print nhng bn ch c th in hng tiu ca t in bng cch s dng ca s Layout. Bn c th s dng ca s Layout ngay khi khi ng MapInfo bng cch chn lnh Window > New Layout Window. Khi ca s Layout xut hin trn mn hnh, MapInfo hin th menu Layout trn thanh menu chnh cho php bn thc hin mt s c tnh ca ca s Layout. Khi chn mt ca s vo khung Layout, MapInfo s t i tng ca s ny vo mt Frame. Khung ny cho php bn thay i kch thc cng nh v tr ca i tng. Ni dung cha trong khung Frame s trng vi ni dung ca ca s Map, Browser hp thoi hoc Graph m bn ang s dng. Ca s Layout duy tr mt s lin kt nng gia cc ca s v cc Frame trong mn hnh Layout. Th d, khi bn s dng cng c Zoom thay i tm nhn trong mt ca s Map th tm nhn ca i tng ca s trong mn hnh Layout cng thay i theo.
II.
TO MT MN HNH LAYOUT
Vic to mt mn hnh Layout i hi bn phi chuyn cc ca s Map, Browser hp thoi Graph vo ca s Layout. Sau , bn thay i v tr, kch thc v b sung cc dng tiu , ch thch. 1. a mt ca s ang m vo ca s Layout Vo menu Windows > New Layout Window, hp thoi New Layout Window xut hin cho php bn la chn nhng ca s mun chuyn sang Layout nh sau:
MapInfo s chuyn ca s hin din vo ca s Layout bng cch t chng vo mt frame. Frame l mt i tng c th cha mt ca s Map hp thoi Graph hp thoi Legend. Trong hp thoi New Layout Window, c 3 ty chn: Mt Frame duy nht cho ca s c chn (One Frame for Window): MapInfo t 1 frame duy nht ti trung tm ca ca s Layout. Mi Frame cho mt ca s ang m (Frames for All Currently Open Windows): Ty chn ny cho php bn chuyn ton b cc ca s ang m sang ca s Layout. MapInfo t cc frame ca cc ca s ti v tr tng ng vi v tr ca chng trong ca s MapInfo. V vy, nn nh v v iu chnh kch thc ca cc ca s trc khi chuyn chng vo ca s Layout. Mt Frame trng (No Frames): Ty chn ny cho php bn t mt frame trng vo ca s Layout cho d hin ti khng c ca s no c m.
Trong frame, bn c th thc hin cc thao tc nh thay i v tr, kch thc, ng vin, mu nn hp thoi hoc c th copy v dn chng vo mt ca s khc. Bn cng c th nh v cho cc frame nm chng ln nhau hoc nm ln cc i tng ha khc. Mun thay i ni dung hin th trong mt frame, dng cng c Select nhp p vo frame. Hp thoi Frame Object xut hin cho php thay i ni dung ca frame
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2. S dng cng c Frame Bn c th to ra mt Frame mi cha mt ca s khc. Phng php thc hin nh sau: - Dng tr chut nhn vo nt cng c Frame trn thanh cng c Drawing. V Frame ti v tr mun t i tng trn ca s Layout.
Ch : MapInfo ch cho php bn s dng cng c Frame trn thanh cng c Drawing khi ca s Layout c kch hot. Nu mt frame c v trong ca s Layout khi khng c ca s no c m, MapInfo s to ra mt frame trng. Nu c nhiu ca s c m, MapInfo s hin th hp thoi Frame Object (nh hnh trn), bn phi chn ca s mun chn vo Frame trong khung Window. di chuyn Frame: kch chn Frame bng cch chn cng c Select, nhn gi chut cho n khi xut hin biu tng hnh mi tn ch bn hng. Sau , ko r frame n v tr mi. 3. Canh l cho cc i tng trong ca s Layout MapInfo cung cp lnh cho php canh l cho cc i tng trn ca s Layout. Bn c th canh thng theo chiu dc (Vertical) hoc xp ngang (Horizontal) cc i tng. Phng php thc hin nh sau: a. Chn cc i tng mun canh l.
b.
Vo menu Layout > Align Object. Hp thoi Align Objects xut hin
Trong hp thoi ny, bn c th chn cc ty chn tng ng. Mi kiu canh l c th tc ng ln phm vi hnh ch nht bao cc frame hoc ton b ca s Layout. Khi bn chn phm vi tc ng l ton b cc i tng trn ca s Layout (tc l chn entire layout trong khung with Respect to), cc i tng s c canh trn, di, tri, phi trn trang in. Nu bn mun canh l cc i tng trong phm vi hnh ch nht bao cc frame, hy ch nh phm vi l each other trong khung with Respect to. Hnh ch nht bao cc frame chnh l mt hnh ch nht o. A. Lm vic trn ca s Layout
Khi ca s Layout c kch hot, thanh menu Layout c mt s chc nng gip bn d dng thit k v to mi trang in. 1. Vin quanh trang in Mn hnh Layout c vin quanh bi hai thc o: thc o trn nh v thc o l tri. Cc thc o ny gip ch khi thay i kch thc hoc nh v cho cc i tng frame. Bn c th du cc thc ny bng cch chn lnh Layout > Options. Khi , MapInfo hin th hp thoi Layout Display Options bn c th xa hp kim Show Rulers. Nu bn to ra nhiu trang in, MapInfo s hin th cc ng ngt phn trang. Mun Nn cc ng ngt ny, xa nh du trong hp kim Show Page Breaks ca hp thoi Layout. 2. Thay i phng i ca ca s layout
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MapInfo hin th cc i tng trong ca s Layout theo mt t l no so vi kch thc tht ca cc i tng khi in ra giy. phng i ca mn hnh Layout i din cho t l phn trm so vi kch thc tht. phng i ny c ghi gc di phi trn thanh tnh trng (Status bar). c th nh v hoc thay i kch thc cc i tng tt hn trong ca s Layout, bn c th thng xuyn s dng lnh Change Zoom c th nhn r mt phm vi nht nh hoc nhn ton cnh trang in. Lu : khi bn s dng lnh Change Zoom, bn ch thay i phng i ca ca s Layout. Vic ny hon ton khc vi vic thay i phng i trong ca s Map, Browser hoc Graph. Nu bn mun thay i phng i trong mt frame ring bit no m frame cha mt ca s, kch hot ca s v thay i phng i cho ring n. C 4 cch thay i phng i trn ca s Layout: c. d. S dng cng c Zoom-in, Zoom-out. Vo menu Layout > Change Zoom. Hp thoi xut hin, nhp h s phng i (gi tr cho php t 6,3% n 800%)
S dng cc phm s (t s 1 n s 8) trn bn phm ca bn thay i phng i, khi cc s tng ln, phng i cng tng ln. Lu : s dng cc phm s ny, bn phi bt tt ch Num Lock. f. S dng lnh View trong menu Layout: View Actual Side ( phng i 100%, bng kch thc tht), View Entire Layout ( phng i sao cho c th thy c ton b mn hnh layout), Previous View (tr li phng i trc , va b thay i) 3. Thay i th t ca cc frame i tng
e.
Khi chuNn b trang in, cc frame c khi nm chng ln nhau. Trong ca s Layout ca MapInfo, cc i tng c sp xp t sau ra trc. i tng to ra sau s nm trn i tng to ra trc n bt k chng c giao nhau hay khng. i khi bn cng cn sp xp li th t cc i tng cho hp l. thc hin iu ny, bn c th s dng lnh Bring to Front hoc Send to Back. B. Hiu chnh cc i tng trong ca s Layout
Khi thit k trang in trong MapInfo, bn s c h tr rt nhiu bi cc c tnh mnh v hu hiu. Bn c th hin th ni dung cc frame vo mi lc, chn dng trang, s lng v kch thc trang hoc b sung cc i tng vn bn lm tiu , to bng cho cc i tng. i. Hin th mt ca s trong frame
Bn c th quy nh cch thc hin th ca cc frame trong ca s Layout. Chn Layout Options, MapInfo hin th hp thoi Layout Display Options. Trong hp thoi ny, MapInfo lit k 3 ty chn sau: g. Always: MapInfo lun hin th ni dung cc frame trong ca s Layout bt k lc ny ca s Layout c c kch hot hay khng. Ty chn ny cho php bn thc hin nhng s thay i trong ca s Map, Browser hoc Graph v xem kt qu ca s thay i th hin ngay trong ca s Layout. Only When Layout Window is Active: MapInfo ch hin th ni dung ca cc frame trong ca s khi ca s Layout c kch hot. Khi mt ca s khc ang kch hot, MapInfo hin th tn ca ca s trong cc frame. Never: MapInfo khng hin th ni dung ca cc frame m n ch hin th tn ca cc ca s trong mi frame. Ty chn ny thng c s dng trong trng hp c s thay i v tr hoc iu chnh kch thc frame, MapInfo v li ni dung cc frame sau mi thao tc hiu chnh. 4. Quy nh kch thc v s trang in quy vo menu File > Page Setup xut thc trang in. nh kch thc trang in, Page Setup, hp thoi hin cho php chn kch
h.
i.
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MapInfo cng cho php bn to ra cc bn in c nhiu trang. Trong trng hp ny, ca s Layout s c in ra thnh nhiu trang v sau ghp chng li c trang in hon chnh. thc hin bn in Layout trn nhiu trang, bn ch nh chiu di v rng ca trang trong hp thoi Layout Display Options. Cc trang s c nh du bng nhng ng t nt. Mun du nhng ng ny, tt du chn trong hp kim Show Page Breaks trong hp thoi Layout Display Options. 5. a cc i tng Text vo ca s Layout Khi chuNn b cc bn in ra giy, chc chn bn s c nhu cu b sung cc i tng kiu vn bn vo ca s Layout, c th l tiu bn , tn, ch thch ca cc i tng. Thc hin cng vic ny bng cch s dng cng c Text Bn c th nhp p chut vo i tng Text hin th hp thoi Text Object. Trong hp ny, bn c th thay i cc ty chn khc nh canh l, canh khong cch gia cc hng Bn cn c th quay cc Text theo mong mun bng cch: chn Text bng cng c Select, nt iu khin gc quay xut hin gc di phi ca i tng. Kch chut vo nt iu khin v quay. 6. To bng Bn c th to bng cho cc frame trong ca s Layout cc frame trng nh nm trong khng gian 3 chiu. Phng php thc hin nh sau: a. Chn i tng cn to bng
b. Vo menu Layout > Create Drop Shadow. Hp thoi Create Drop Shadow xut hin. Trong hp thoi ny, bn c th ch nh kch thc ngang, dc cho cc bng
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Cn lu rng, MapInfo khng lin kt cc i tng v cc bng ca chng. Do , nu mun thay i kch thc hoc v tr i tng th nn to li bng. Mun thay i mu sc ca phn bng, bn s dng cng c Select chn chng, sau vo menu Options > Region Style. 7. Hin th mt bn trong hai frame Trong nhiu trng hp, bn c nhu cu hin th cng mt ni dung bn trong c hai frame ca ca s Layout. Thng thng, mt frame s cho nhn thy ton cnh v mt frame cn cnh ti mt khu vc no . Phng php thc hin nh sau - Hin th cng mt bn trong c hai ca s iu chnh phng i v kch thc ca hai ca s Map.
- Chn lnh Window > New Layout Window v chn No Frame. Mt mn hnh Layout trng xut hin. S dng cng c Frame trn thanh cng c Main, v cc frame ti v tr mun t bn .
Hp thoi Frame Object xut hin cho php bn chn
Nhn OK. Thc hin thao tc tng t vi frame tip theo.
C. To v lu khung trang in Khung trang in l ni dung ca mt ca s Layout , trong bao gm cc frame trng. Vic to khung trang in trc cho php bn s dng mu trang in c to sn cho nhiu trang in khc nhau, gip cho vic thit k trang in d dng v trnh lp li nhiu ln mt cng vic khng cn thit.
to mt khung trang in, trc ht ng tt c cc ca s v Table ang m. Chn Window > New Layout Window, MapInfo to ra mt ca s Layout vi 1 frame trng. Tin hnh t nhng thnh phn ca khung trang in vo ca s Layout. Cc thnh phn cn thit ca khung trang in c th l: tiu , nhn cc i tng, khung ch thch, mt s i tng ha dng trang tr v cc frame trng dng cha i tng. Sau khi hon thnh xong vic to khung trang in, Vo menu File > Save Workspace lu li khung trang in. Khi mun s dng khung trang in ny, dng lnh File > Open Workspace. D. In trang Layout Vo File > Print, hin th hp thoi Print. Trong hp thoi ny cho php chn s bn in, s trang in. Mun thay i kch c giy, chn File > Print Setup. E. T chc v hiu chnh Workspace Khi lm vic vi MapInfo, bn phi thng xuyn lm vic cng mt lc vi nhiu bng d liu khc nhau. Vic phi m li cc Table mi ln lm vic gy tn km thi gian. MapInfo trang b c tnh Workspace, vi c tnh ny bn c th t ng ha vic m cng mt lc nhiu Table. MapInfo s dng tp tin Workspace lu li nhng Table v nhng ca s lm vic ca bn. s dng c tnh nng ny, trc khi chm dt qu trnh lm vic vo menu File > Save Workspace v t tn cho tp tin Workspace ny. Workspace l tp tin c phn m rng l .wor cha danh sch tt c cc Table v ca s m bn ang s dng. Ngoi ra, Workspace cng lu li tt c nhng nh dng m bn chn cho cc i tng: kch thc, v tr cc ca s, kiu ch, ng nt, mu sc, bn chuyn Mun lu mt tp tin Workspace vo menu File > Save Workspace. MapInfo s hin th mt hp thoi Save Workspace cho php bn nhp tn v v tr th mc cho tp tin Workspace. MapInfo s hin th mt hp thoi Save Workspace cho php bn nhp tn v v tr th mc cho tp tin Workspace ny. Nu bn thc hin nhng thao tc hiu chnh trn mt Table, bn phi s dng lnh File > Save Table lu li nhng thay i . Lnh Save Workspace khng thc hin vic lu li nhng thay i ca bn trn Table. M mt tp tin Workspace MapInfo ch ra tp tin Workspace m bn m trong ln lm trc trong hp thoi Quick Start khi bn khi ng MapInfo. Bn c th chn tp tin Workspace ny v MapInfo thc hin vic m tp tin ny mt cch nhanh chng.
m mt tp tin Workspace bt k, t menu File > Open Workspace, chn tn Workspace cn m.
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PHN PH LC o0o
Cch g ting Vit trong MapInfo - Trc ht, my vi tnh ca bn c ci mt phn mm h tr g ting Vit no , chng hn nh: Vietkey hoc Unikey Cc bn nn ci b g Unikey l tt nht. V vi b g ny, bn c th chuyn i cc kiu Font ch cho ph hp vi phn mm MapInfo mt cch d dng v thun tin. - Trong MapInfo, g c ting Vit bn phi chn Bng m l TCVN3(ABC), kiu g c th l VNI hay TELEX ty theo ngi s dng. - Khi ng b g ting Vit trn my tnh nh sau: nhn p chut vo biu tng mn hnh nn, ca s Unikey xut hin: trn
- Cc bn ch , hy chn Bng m l TCVN3(ABC), kiu g l VNI hoc TELEX. Sau khi chn xong, hy nhn nt ng, bn quan st pha gc di bn phi ca mn hnh xut hin ch V l Unikey c kch hot. * Ti d liu t Internet Cc bn c th truy cp vo Website ca Tng cc Thng k ly nhng s liu cn thit. Chng hn nh bn mun thnh lp mt bn chyn v Dn s trung bnh phn theo a phng hy vo Website ny v ly c s liu mi nht. a ch ca Website Tng cc Thng k : http://www.gso.gov.vn
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y l trang ch ca Website Tng cc Thng k, bn hy nhn chut vo mc S liu thng k v chn ra cc s liu m bn cn Download.
Sau nhn Ti v. Mt hp thoi xut hin, hy nhn Open m File v lu File vo th mc ch nh vi mt tn ty chn. Lu : cc bn lu tn File vi phn m rng l .XLS (M bng phn mm Excel)
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Chuyn Font d liu cho ph hp vi phn mm MapInfo Hu ht cc ti liu trn Internet u c s dng bng Font Unicode nhng trong phn
mm MapInfo Font ch ch c hin th ng ting Vit khi Font ch l TCVN3(ABC). Do vy, sau khi bn ti (Download) d liu trn mng chuyn vo MapInfo bn cn phi chuyn i nh dng cho ng kiu Font ch th phn mm MapInfo mi hiu v hin th ng ting Vit. Cc bc thc hin chuyn mt tp tin Font Unicode sang Font TCVN3(ABC) nh sau: - M tp tin va ti t trn mng bng phn mm Excel (gi s File bn va ti xung l file Dn s trung bnh phn theo a phng)
Bm chut tri, ko t en ton b vng d liu cn chuyn Font ch
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Nhn vo biu tng , hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + C Copy vng d liu vo vng nh m ca my tnh. Bm chut phi vo biu tng hnh ch V gc di bn phi ca mn hnh, chn lnh Cng c. Khi mn hnh xut hin:
. Trong hp thoi trn, bn ch ch n khung Bng m v nt Chuyn m Ti Ngun trong khung Bng m, bn chn l Unicode, ti ch bn chn l TCVN3(ABC).
Sau khi xc nh ng Font ch Ngun v ch, hy bm nt Chuyn m v ch vi giy hp thoi Result s xut hin bo co cng vic chuyn i Font ch thnh cng
Bn nhn OK, nhn tip nt ng. D liu c chuyn i thnh cng v c lu vo vng nh m ca my tnh. hoc nhn t hp Tr li mn hnh Excel, trn thanh cng c bn chn biu tng phm Ctrl + V Paste d liu t vng nh m my tnh vo Excel. Lc ny Font ch b thay i v d liu c chuyn thnh kiu Font TCVN3(ABC). hin th c ting Vit, bn click chn vo khung Font v chn nhng kiu ch bt u bng du chm, v d: .VnTime; .VnArial; .VnBlack
Bn chuyn i thnh cng, by gi hy lu File ny li bng cch nhn vo biu tng hoc nhn Ctrl + S.
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X l File d liu Excel trc khi chuyn sang lm vic bn MapInfo Ngoi vic chuyn Font ch nh trnh by phn trn, cc bn cn phi lm mt bc tip theo khng km phn quan trng l sa File d liu Excel cho ph hp vi cu trc ca MapInfo. Mt File d liu Excel c gi l ph hp vi MapInfo phi tha cc iu kin sau: - Gia cc dng d liu khng c dng trng - Khng chn cc k t khc v cc ch thch trong c s d liu - Trong bng s liu phi c t nht mt trng lm kha ni vi File MapInfo Bn hy m li File d liu Dn s trung bnh phn theo a phng, sau hiu chnh File ny da trn cc iu kin nu phn trn. Di y l File c hiu chnh:
M File d liu Excel t MapInfo
Lu : Trc khi m File d liu Excel t MapInfo, bn cn phi ng File d liu ny ang m Excel. MapInfo khng cho php m cng mt File 2 phn mm khc nhau. Khi ng MapInfo, chn File > Open. Hp thoi Open xut hin, chn Microsoft Excel (*.xls) ti Files of types.
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Chn File Dan_so_TB.xls, nhn Open. Hp thoi Excel Information xut hin
Ti Named Range, click chn Other
Gi tr trong khung l Sheet1!A1:L71, bn sa li thnh Sheet1!A2:L71 (ch thay s 1 thnh s 2). Nhn OK.
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nh du chn vo Use Row Above Selected Range for Column Titles. Lc ny hp thoi hin th nh sau:
-> Nhn OK. File va m ra trong MapInfo hin thi vn l File d liu ca Excel, v vy bn khng chnh sa c. Bn hy vo menu File > Save Copy As v lu File ny vi phn m rng l .TAB Tn File l Dan_soTB1, nhn Save. Vo menu File > Close All ng tt c cc bng d liu Excel li, sau click chut vo biu tng m li File va lu dng Table: Dan_soTB1.TAB
Nu Font ch hin th khng ng theo nh dng ting Vit, bn hy nhn phm F8 v chn kiu ch l .VnArial hoc .VnTime
Bi thc hnh:
1. Dng phng php Join v Geocode thnh lp bn chuyn Dn s trung bnh phn theo a phng nm 2000 * Phng php Join: Chng ta c hai File thc hin bi tp ny: - File d liu Excel tn Dan_soTB1.tab v File Vn_Tinh.tab - Bc 1: Khi ng phn mm MapInfo, bn hy m File Dan_soTB1.tab v Vn_Tinh.tab Bc 2: Vo menu Window > New Browser Window > chn Vn_Tinh > OK m ca s Browser Bc 3: Vo menu Windows > Tile Windows hin th ba ca s nh hnh di y:
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Bc 4: Click chn ln ca s VN_TINH Map, vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Graduated > Graduated Symbol Default > Next > Ti Field click chn Join
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Lu : Hp thoi trn c ngha l Cp nht vo Table VN_TINH: bng cch thm mt ct tm mi, ct tm mi ny c ly gi tr ca trng _2000 trong Table Dan_soTB1 Bc 5: Click Join mt ln na kim tra xem s kt ni gia hai Table c ng hay cha
Nu ng, nhn OK chp nhn. Nhn OK mt ln na. - Bc 6: nh du vo Ingore Zeros or Blanks b qua gi tr 0 v trng
-> Click Next
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-> Nhn OK Hy click chut vo biu tng New Browser trn thanh cng c, lc ny bn c th xem d liu trong Table Vn_Tinh c thm mt ct d liu mi l _2000. Hin thi trn ca s bn Vn_Tinh Map c mt s tnh khng c s liu v hai Table c mt vi gi tr trng kha khng trng khp nhau. bit nhng tnh no cha c s liu dn s nm _2000 bn hy chn cng c Info v click chn ln tnh cn trng d liu trn bn . Sau khi xc nh c, hy m ca s Browser chnh sa li thng tin ca 2 bng cho trng khp. * Phng php Geocode: Chng ta c hai File thc hin bi tp ny: File d liu Excel tn Dan_soTB1.tab v File Vn_Tinh.tab - Bc 1: Khi ng phn mm MapInfo, bn hy m File Dan_soTB1.tab v Vn_Tinh.tab Bc 2: Chn ca s Vn_Tinh Map, vo menu Table > Geocode
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Bc 3: Xc nh cc thng s nh trn hnh th hin , nhn OK. Lc ny trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca s Geocode thng bo c bao nhiu i tng c Geocode v cha c Geocode. Bc 4: Tr v ca s VN_Tinh Map, click chut phi v chn Layer Control
Bc 5: Nhn nt Add t d liu c Geocode ln bn Vn_Tinh
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Bc 6: Chn Dan_so_TB1 > Add > OK.
Bc 7: Click chn ln ca s VN_TINH Map, vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Graduated > Population > Next, ca s Create Thematic Map xut hin
Bc 8: chn cc thng s nh trn, bm Next > OK
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2. Truy vn d liu: - Query > Select: Truy vn trn 1 bng - Query > SQL Select : Truy vn trn 2 bng tr ln V d 1: Cho bit cc tnh c dn s nm 2002 > = 2.000.000 v dn s nm 2002 < 1.000.000 (Truy vn trn bng Dan_so_TB1.tab) Hng dn: Sau khi thc hin Geocode nh bi 1, bn hy vo menu Query > Select
Click chn nt Assist nhp biu thc nh sau:
- > Chn OK
Tip tc nhn OK hin th bng Browser v VN_Tinh Map vi nhng i tng c chn ra v tho iu kin
V d 2: Cho bit cc tnh c dn s nm 2000 > 1.500.000 v din tch > 5000 km2 (Truy vn trn 2 bng: Vn_Tinh.tab v Dan_so_TB1.tab) Hng dn: - Khi ng MapInfo, m 2 bng s liu ca Vn_Tinh.tab v Dan_so_TB1.tab
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Vo menu Query > SQL Select, nhp cc thng s nh hnh sau:
Gii thch: Select Columns: Chn ra cc trng (ct) d liu cn hin th. Cc trng s hin th gm: Tn hnh chnh (tn cc tnh), dn s trung bnh nm 2002, din tch.
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from Tables: xc nh nhng bng m d liu t Select Columns s c trch xut, 2 bng s l Vn_Tinh v Dan_so_TB1 where Condition: bao gm iu kin kt ca 2 bng (Dan_so_TB1.Ten_HC = VN_TINH.Ten_hc) v iu kin ca bi yu cu (Dan_so_TB1._2000 >1500 and VN_TINH.Dientich > 5000). Nhn OK, kt qu s c chn ra nh sau:
3. Thnh lp bn GDP/ngi ca th gii vo nm 2001. Chng ta c hai File thc hin bi tp ny: 1. File d liu Excel tn GDP_IMR.xls (ti v t trang web Tng cc Thng k, mc thng k nc ngoi) 2. File World.tab
Bc 1: Bn hy m File d liu t Excel v kim tra cc iu kin ca File d liu ny tha tt c cc iu kin cn hay cha, nu cha bn hy hiu chnh cho y . Bc 2: M File ny t MapInfo v lu li File vi tn l GDP_IMR1.TAB
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Bc 3: ng tt c cc File ang m (File > Close All). M hai File cn s dng l GDP_IMR1.TAB v World.TAB. Vo menu Windows > Tile Windows hin th hai ca s nh hnh di y:
Bc 4: Click chn ln ca s World Map, vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Ranges > Next > Ti Field click chn Join
Lu : Hp thoi trn c ngha l Cp nht vo Table World: bng cch thm mt ct tm mi, ct tm mi ny c ly gi tr ca trng GDP trong Table GDP_IMR1
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Bc 5: Click Join mt ln na kim tra xem s kt ni gia hai Table c ng hay cha
Nu ng, nhn OK chp nhn. Nhn OK mt ln na. - Bc 6: nh du vo Ingore Zeros or Blanks b qua gi tr 0 v trng
-> Click Next
-> Nhn OK
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Hy click chut vo biu tng New Browser trn thanh cng c, lc ny bn c th xem d liu trong Table World c thm mt ct d liu mi l GDP. Hin thi trn ca s bn World Map c mt s nc khng c s liu v hai Table c mt vi gi tr trng kha khng trng khp nhau. bit nhng Quc gia no cha c s liu GDP bn hy i chng thnh mu trng, cch lm nh sau: Kch hot ca s World Map, chn Layer Control , hp thoi Layer Control xut hin
Chuyn thanh sng n lp World v nhn nt Display, ti hp thoi ny bn hy nh du chn vo Style Override, mc nh mu t s l mu trng. Nhn OK
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Sau khi nhn OK, quan st ca s World Map bn s thy s liu ca CHLB Nga khng c hin th (mu trng) v trng kha ca 2 Table khng trng khp. sa li ny, hy m bng s liu ca c hai Table World v GDP_IMR1
Bn hy tm tn nc CHLB Nga (Russian Federation) trong trng Country ca bng GDP_IMR1 Browser, sau Copy tn nc ny vo vng nh m (Nhn Ctrl + C). Chuyn
sang bng WORLD Browser, ti trng Country tng ng vi CHLB Nga hy nhn Ctrl + V dn d liu va copy sao cho trng khp. M ca s World Map ln, bn s thy d liu c hin th. Bn c th lm tng t vic ny cho mt s Quc gia khc m s liu cha c hin th.
Lm thc t l: Vo Tools > Tool Manager > ScaleBar
nh du chn vo Loaded tng ng vi mc ScaleBar, sau nhn OK Trn mn hnh xut hin thanh cng c Tools, chn Editing trn lp Cosmetic Layer, chn biu tng Draw Scale Bar v Click chut ln bn , hp thoi Draw Distance Scale Mapper xut hin. Nhp s liu tng t nh trong hp thoi di y v nhn OK
Lc ny trn mn hnh xut hin mt thanh thc t l Scale Bar nh hnh di
V Scale Bar nm trong lp Cosmetic Layer nn bn c th xa bng cch vo menu Map > Clear Cosmetic Layer hoc lu thnh mt lp bng cch vo menu Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Bn c th chn c thanh thc t l bng cng c Marquee Select mi tn + phm Ctrl di chuyn chng. v dng phm
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Lm li ta : Vo Tools > Tool Manager > GridMaker
- nh du chn vo Loaded tng ng vi mc Grid Maker, sau nhn OK - Vo li menu Tools > Grid Maker > Make Grid, xut hin hp thoi
- Trong khung Object Types, chn Straight Polylines (i tng kiu ng thng) Spacing between lines: 30 Degrees, y l khong cch gia cc dng trong Grid l 30 mt. - Chn h quy chiu: click chn Projection. - Nhn vo Browse ch n th mc lu Table Grid, bn c th t tn l Grid30.TAB, nhn OK. - Khi mn hnh xut hin khung Grid30 va to
Bn hy ng Grid30 Map ny li. Trn thanh cng c, chn biu tng Open li Grid30 sao cho n nm trn cng bn World Map.
V 2 ng Ch tuyn Bc v Ch tuyn Nam (23027 & 66033) Vo Menu Map > Options > chn Degrees Minutes Seconds trong khung Display Coordinates. Trong khung Map Units chn Coordinates Units l degrees, nhn OK
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Chn Editing trn Cosmetic Layer, dng cng c Polylines k (nhp i chut kt thc v mt ng thng) Dng cng c Select Polylines Object xut hin
v mt ng thng bt
nhn p chut vo ng thng bn va v, hp thoi
Ti hp thoi ny bn hy nhp ta chnh xc ca cc im cc tiu v cc i thuc i tng ng theo hp Bounds X1, Y1 v Bounds X2, Y2. Nu mun lm trn i tng ng bn chn Smooth v thay i thuc tnh th hin bn bm Style sau xc nh cc tham s ca n. Chn xong, bm OK thc hin hoc Cancel loi b.
v ng Ch tuyn Bc, bn hy nhp cc gi tr nh hnh di y v nhn OK
Mn hnh xut hin ng Ch tuyn Bc trn bn
v ng Ch tuyn Nam, bn nhp chut ln ng Ch tuyn Bc v bm Ctrl + C Copy. Sau bn nhn Ctrl + V Paste vo bn . Nhp i chut ln ng Ch tuyn Bc mt ln na xut hin hp thoi Polyline Object. Trong hp thoi ny, ti gi tr Y1 v Y2 bn nhp ta l -23027, nhn OK. Bn c th lu hai ng Ch tuyn va v thnh mt lp duongchituyen.tab
tnh
Thnh lp mt lp ring bit cha tn cc Quc gia Khi thnh lp bn chuyn , vic hin th cc nhn (label) nh: tn cc Quc gia, tn Trc tin, chn cng c Layer Control
Chuyn thanh sng n lp World, nh du chn vo khung Label tt c cc Quc gia. Vo menu Tools > Tool Manager
hin th tn
nh du chn vo Loaded tng ng vi mc Labeler, sau nhn OK

Vo li menu Tools > Labels Functions > Transfer Current Labels, mt hp thoi Transfer Labels xut hin
Ti To Layer, bn chn New v nhn OK. Mt ca s cho php bn ch ra ng dn lu thnh File .TAB Gi s tn File l Capital.TAB
By gi bn th phng to v thu nh ca s World Map xem, bn s thy tn cc Quc gia s t ng co dn theo m khng b lch v bin dng so vi kch thc bn na.
To mt bn in Sau khi to xong mt bn chuyn , bn hy lm bc tip theo l a ra giy in. Phng php thc hin nh sau: Bn hy dng cng c Grabber canh chnh bn ca s World Map tht ngay ngn, nhng g bn ang thy ca s World Map s c hin th nh lc bn chuyn sang ch in Layout. Vo menu Windows > New Layout Window
Nhn OK, ca s Layout xut hin. Bn World Map ca bn c hin th ln trn trang in o Layout, nu mun iu chnh bt k chi tit no trn bn chng ta phi tr li ca s Word Map hiu chnh. Ca s Layout s t ng cp nht nhng thay i ca bn v hin th ln trang in o Layout.
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Mc nh ca kh giy l kiu ng, bn c th thay i chiu ng hoc nm ngang bng cch vo menu File > Page Setup v chn cc thng s nh hnh di y
Lu : Nu my tnh m bn ang s dng cha c ci my in th ti Orientation mc chn Landscape s b m i. khc phc li ny bn hy ci 1 my in bt k vo my tnh. Cch lm nh sau: Ti mn hnh Windows, bm nt Stast > Settings > Printer and Faxs > Add Printer > Next > Next > Next > Next. Ti khung Manufacture, chn hng sn xut l HP. Khung Printer, chn mt loi my in bt k (gi s chn HP2000C) > Next > Next > No > Next > Finish. - Ti ca s Layout, bn c th iu chnh kch thc ca bn to, nh ty . Ngoi ra bn cn c th dng cng c Text vit ln trang Layout.
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Lu bn va to thnh mt File nh Bn chuyn ca s bn thnh mt File nh thun tin cho vic in n (vi nhng
my tnh khng c my in) hoc dng File nh ny chn vo cc bi trnh chiu Power point, phng php lm nh sau - Ti ca s Layout , vo menu File > Save Windows As
Ca s Save Window to File xut hin, trong Save as type bn chn JPEG File Interchange Format (*.jpg) v t tn cho File l GDP2001 trong File name. Nhn Save Ca s Save Window As xut hin
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Bn c th thay i kch thc ca bn bng cch nhp gi tr vo Width v Height. Nu bn dng hnh nh ny trnh chiu trong Power point th Resolution ( phn gii) nn gi nguyn l 96 dpi, ngc li nu bn dng hnh nh in th Resolution nn 300 dpi. 4. Thnh lp bn chuyn hnh chnh tnh ng Nai - Bc 1: Khi ng MapInfo, m 2 lp Vn_tinh.tab v Vn_huyen.tab trn cng mt ca s bn
Bc 2: Click chut phi ln bn v chn Layer Control, ti ca s Layer Control t lp Vn_tinh nm trn lp Vn_huyen
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Editing trn lp Vn_Tinh, dng cng c Boundary Select v click chn tnh ng Nai.
File > Save Copy As > Selection -> t tn file l DongNai.tab Bc 3: M thm File DongNai.tab, vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Individual > Region IndValue Default
-> Nhn Next,
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-> Nhn Next, khung Create Thematic Map 3 step 3 xut hin, chn nt Legend sa tt c thnh ting Vit
Nhn OK. Lc ny trn ca s MapInfo xut hin nh sau:
M Layer Control, chn lp DongNai -> chn nt Label hin th tn cc huyn ca tnh ng Nai.
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Bc 4: To khung Overview: Vo menu Tools > Tool Manager > nh du check vo Overview (Loaded) Vo menu Tools > OverView > Setup OverView, ca s Select Table cho php bn chn bng th hin khung nhn tng quan
Chn VN_Tinh > OK
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Lc ny, khung OverView c tn l Area of Detail. Chuyn sang khung in Layout: vo menu Window > New Layout Window
Nhn OK, khung layout c hin th
Bc 5: Xc nh t l ca bn : Nhp i chut vo khung hnh ca tnh ng Nai, ca s Frame Object xut hin
Ti khung Map Scale Options cho bit 1 cm trn bn tng ng vi 9 km trn thc t. V vy, t l ca bn l 1 : 900.000
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Chn cng c ch A vit v tn ngui thc hin Chn khung Frame , v ra mt bt k trn nn Layout
Ti Window, chn Area of Detail a khung nhn OverView vo bn
Lu bi di dng Workspace v t tn l BT2.wor
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5. Thnh lp bn chuyn Dn s trung bnh phn theo a phng vo nm 1995 v 2000 (th hin bng biu ct) - Bc 1: Khi ng MapInfo v m 2 file Vn_tinh.tab v Dan_so_TB1.tab - Bc 2: Nu bn cha thc hin Geocode cho 2 bng th thc hin bc ny. - Bc 3: vo Menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Bar Charts > Bar Charts Default
Bc 4: Nhn Next, chn Table Vn_Tinh v Fields l Join nh hnh
-> Ca s Join (Update Column for Thematic) xut hin, bn chn cc thng s nh sau: Get Value From Table: Dan_so_TB1 Calculate : Value Of: _1995
-> Nhn Join thm mt ln na kim tra iu kin kt ni ca 2 bng
-> Nhn OK > OK.
Tip tc chn Join trong Fields v chn of : _2002
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Nhn Join kim tra kt ni gia 2 bng
-> Nhn OK > OK
-> Nhn Next
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Bng Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3 cho bit s th hin biu ct v dn s trung bnh ca cc tnh trong 2 nm 1995 v 2002. Bn hy chn Legend thay i mu sc v thay i tiu cho Legend. Chn Styles
1 cm = 5.500 ngi (Khung Chart Dimensions)

Bc 5 : Lm Nn ngi sao c Geocode - M Layer Control, chn lp Dan_so_TB1 > Display > B mc chn Style Override lm n ngi sao > OK Sau khi thc hin cc bc trn, bn s thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bc 6 : vo menu Map > New Layout Window
-> Nhn OK, ca s Layout xut hin
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Bc 7: Xc nh t l bn trn trang in (Nhp i chut vo khung bn v xem t l )
T l hin ti ca bn l 1 cm = 90 km Sau quay v ca s Map, vo Map > Clone View to ra bn th 2: Map 2. T ca s th 2 ta vo Map > Create Legend to ra bn ch gii ca Map 2.
-> Nhn Finish - Bc 8: Vo menu Window > chn ng Legend ca Map 2 chnh sa Font ch, b tr li bng ch gii. Thay i t l ca bn th 2 bng vi t l ca bn khung Layout l 1 cm = 90 km bng cch vo menu Map > Change View v nhp t l cho bn
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Tr li khung Layout, bn hy xo Legend ang c trn mn hnh v dng khung Frame nhng li Legend ca Map 2. khi cc bn c hnh nh sau:
Thm tn v cc ch thch cn thit. Bn c th thm hnh nh bng cch sau: M file nh cn chn vo Layout t MapInfo
Tr v ca s Layout, dng cng c Frame v ln layout v ch n file hnh ang m trang MapInfo
6. Cch chn ra mt tnh bt k trn bn Vn_tinh bao gm tt c huyn ca tnh y. - Khi ng MapInfo, m 2 lp Vn_tinh.tab v Vn_huyen.tab trn cng mt ca s bn
Click chut phi ln bn v chn Layer Control, ti ca s Layer Control t lp Vn_tinh nm trn lp Vn_huyn
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d dng chn mt tnh trn bn , ti ca s Layer Control bn hy chn Vn_Tinh > Display > nh du check vo Style Override ti khung Display Mode > OK > OK. Dng cng c Boundary Select v click chn tnh Ngh An. (Nu chn nhiu hn mt tnh bn hy kt hp vi phm Shift v cng c chn Boundary Select)
Vo menu File > Save Copy As, ca s Save Copy As xut hin
Chn Selection v bm Save As lu li tnh va chn trn bn . t tn l Nghe_An.tab (gi s lu trong ng dn D:\GIS\Nghe_An.tab) Vo menu File > Close All ng tt c cc bng. Vo li menu File > Recent Files > D:\GIS\Nghe_An.tab
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Thc hin cc bc trn, bn c th tch c mt hoc nhiu tnh cng vi tt c cc huyn trong tnh thnh mt bn ring. 7. Lp bn 8 vng kinh t ca Vit Nam Cc bc thc hin: M File Vn_Tinh.tab (d liu gc) Vo menu File > Save Copy As v lu file vi ng dn D:\GIS\Vn_Vung.tab ng tt c cc bng: File > Close All Vo menu File > Recent Files > D:\GIS\Vn_Vung.tab m li file Vn_vung Chn Editing trn lp Vn_Vung Dng cng c chn v phm Shift chn ra vng Ty Bc gm cc tnh: in Bin. Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh (Nu CSDL Vn_Tinh.tab l 61 tnh th bn chn 3 tnh: Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh)
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Vo menu Object > Combine, ca s Data Aggregation xut hin
Chn PolyId nhp vo gi tr l 1 (s PolyId ny s tng dn t 1 8 v di din cho 8 vng kinh t) Tn_vng: nhp vo l Ty Bc D liu v Dn s, Din tch c tnh tng (khng thay i)
Duangis: chn Blank -> nhn OK Lc ny cc tnh c chn, kt hp thnh mt vng chung l Ty Bc. Thc hin tng t cho 7 vng kinh t cn li bn s c 8 vng kinh t ring bit. 8. Xo v thm i tng trn bn Gi s bn ang lm vic trn file Vn_tinh, bn chn ra vng Ty Bc nhng chn nhm tnh: Lai Chu, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Sn La v bn lu vng Ty Bc vi tn l TayBac_sai.tab * Thc hin xo i tng sai: - ng tt c cc file, m li file TayBac_sai.tab - Editing trn lp TayBac_sai - Chn i tng cn xo (Lo Cai v Yn Bi), sau bm phm Delete. - Lu li file TayBac_sai.tab * Thc hin thm i tng cn thiu: - ng tt c cc file, m li file TayBac_sai.tab - M file VN_tinh, Editing trn Vn_tinh, chn thm tnh Ho Bnh cn thiu ca vng Ty Bc - Vo menu Table > Append Rows To Table
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Chn OK thm i tng chn vo bng TayBac_sai Vo File > Save Table > Save lu li d liu
9. Cch ly d liu t Microsoft Encarta World Atlats 2006, a vo MapInfo . - T ca s Windows, khi ng chng trnh Microsoft Encarta 2006. T ca s trnh ng dng ny vo Tools > World Atlats.
Click chn Statistical (bng thng k) bn phi mn hnh.
Chn Choose Statistic, ca s Statistics Center xut hin

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Chn Basic Indicators >Population Growth Rate (Bng thng k t l gia tng dn s ca cc nc trn th gii) Chn hin th Statistics Table hin th bng thng k
Copy v Past bng ny sang Excel v sau lm cc th tc cn thit m file ny trong MapInfo. Ghi li file MapInfo di tn Pop_Growth.tab
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10. Thnh lp bn chuyn T l dn s th nm 1994. Yu cu: - Dng biu thc Expression tnh cng thc Pop_Urban/Pop_1994*100 trong qu trnh lp bn chuyn , - nh du vo Ignore Zeros or Blank b qua cc vng khng c s liu; T hp thoi Layer Control, chn layer World, Display = Style Override ( trng, vin en) khi in cc nc khng c s liu s c trng. Dng nt Label trn thanh cng c chn a danh ca m s nc sau: Hoa K, CHLB Nga, Trung Quc, n . Chia lm 4 bc (trong ch gii), Range l Natural Break. Chuyn ch gii ra ting Vit. To thanh thc t l. To li kinh v tuyn cch nhau 150, t tn l Grid_15.tab. a ln c s bn th gii, layer World nm trn, layer Grid_15 nm di. Trnh by v in kt qu ra layout (kh giy nm ngang). Ghi r tn bn , tn hc vin cao hc, tn file Workspace. Ghi li kt qu nghin cu bng file .wor.
Cc bc thc hin: Gi s ta c th mc lm vic v lu d liu MapInfo trong my tnh vi ng dn l D:\GIS M file World.tab, sau lu File vo ng dn D:\GIS vi tn The_gioi.tab ng file World.tab (Vo menu File > Close All) M li file the_gioi.tab t th mc D:\GIS Vo menu Map > Create Thematic Map > Ranges, ti khung Template Name chn mu mu th hin theo mun,
Chn Next,
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Ti Field, chn Expression (biu thc) tnh t l dn s th nm 1994 vi cng thc : Pop_Urban/Pop_1994*100
Nhn OK,
nh du Check vo Ignore Zeroes or Blanks b qua cc vng khng c s liu. Click Next
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Bn vo nt Ranges, ti Method chn Natural Break. bi yu cu chia lm 4 bc nn ti # of Ranges chn l 4, nhn Recalc.
Nhn OK Chn Legend thay i ch gii thnh ting Vit (lu : phi chn nhng font ch bt u bng .Vn)
Nhn OK, bn th hin t l dn s th ca cc nc trn th gii c th hin theo s liu m bn tnh ton
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Hin ti trn bn c mt s quc gia cha c s liu, chng ta s hin th cc nc y bng mt nn mu trng -> bm chut phi trn bn v chn Layer Control m ca s qun l cc lp d liu.
CHn layer The_gioi > Display > nh du check vo Style Override nh hnh di
Nhn OK 2 ln. Kt qu c hin th nh sau:
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- Hin th tn mt s Quc gia trn bn : Trc khi dng cng c Label ghi tn cc Quc gia theo bi yu cu, bn hy vo menu Tools > Tools Manager > nh du check vo Labeler (Loaded) > OK hin th tn 4 Quc gia : Hoa k, Editing trn lp Cosmetic Layer, dng cng c Label Trung Quc, CHLB Nga, n bng cch bm chut trc tip ln bn .
Tip theo, bn hy vo menu Tools > Labels Function >Transfer Current Labels, ca s Transfer Labels xut hin:
From Layer: The_gioi, To Layer: <New> Nhn OK.
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Bn hy lu tn nhn ca 4 Quc gia thnh mt lp ring bit vi tn l ten_nuoc.tab. Vic lm ny s gip lp tn Quc gia thay i theo kch thc theo bn khi bn dng cng c phng to hay thu nh. * a thanh thc t l vo bn : - Vo menu Tools > Tool Manager > nh du check vo ScaleBar (Loaded) > OK - Thanh Toolbar cha cng c thc t l xut hin:
Chn cng c Draw Scale Bar v click chut ln v tr mun t thc trn bn . Ca s Draw Distance Scale in Mapper xut hin, bn hy nhp vo thng s nh trong hnh > OK:
- C th di chuyn hoc thay i kch thc ca thanh t l bng cch chn Editing trn lp Cosmetic Layer, dng cng c chn Marquee Select, Select chn v di chuyn c thanh thc. * To li kinh v tuyn cch nhau 150, t tn l Grid_15.tab. a ln ca s bn th gii, layer World nm trn, layer Grid_15 nm di. - Vo menu Tools > Tool Manager > nh du check vo Grid Maker (Loaded) > OK. - Chn cng c Create Grid - Bm v gi chut tri v mt ng cho t gc trn bn tri xung gc di bn phi ca bn . Ca s Grid Maker xut hin, nhp vo cc thng s nh trong hnh (lu : Khung Object Types: chn Straight Polylines, Spacing between lines: 15 degrees, New table: D:\GIS\Grid_15.tab) -> OK
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M Grid_15.tab cng ca s bn , h quy chiu l Robinson NAD27 ta c hnh nh sau:
* Trnh by bn trn ca s layout: - Vo menu Window > New Layout Window
Chn cc lp d liu cn hin th ti khung Layout > OK
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Thit lp cc thng s trang in nh: Chn kh giy A4, khung giy nm ngang (Landscape): Vo menu File > Page Setup, iu chnh thng s trang in nh sau:
Nhn OK
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Khung giy l A4 c chuyn nm ngang, by gi ta tip tc cc bc thay i kch thc bn v iu chnh khung ch gii vo v tr thch hp trn bn , nhp tiu ca bn , tn ngi thc hinKt qu cui cng nh sau:
Lu : Tt c phn nn trng trn trang in s l phn c in ra giy, v vy khi canh chnh bn bn khng c nhng vng d liu cn in nm bn ngoi vng ny.
MC LC
Chng I: Tng quan v h thng thng tin a l v phn mm MapInfo ....................................1 I. Tng quan v h thng thng tin a l (Geographic Information System - GIS) ...................1 A. Gii thiu.............................................................................................................................1 B. nh ngha...........................................................................................................................1 C. Cc b phn cu thnh mt h thng thng tin a l ........................................................2 II. Tng quan v phn mm MapInfo ..........................................................................................3 A. Gii thiu phn mm MapInfo ............................................................................................3 B. Hng dn ci t phn mm .............................................................................................3 C. T chc thng tin bn trong MapInfo............................................................................6 1. T chc thng tin theo cc tp tin ...................................................................................6 2. T chc thng tin theo cc lp i tng........................................................................6 D. Giao din v cc cng c s dng chnh trong phn mm MapInfo..................................9 Chng II: To v hiu chnh d liu khng gian ........................................................................15 I. S dng nh Raster to d liu khng gian ......................................................................15 1. Hnh nh im ...................................................................................................................15 2. Mt vi cng dng ca nhng tp tin nh im ................................................................16 3. Cc loi tp tin nh im m MapInfo c th hin th c.............................................16 4. M mt tp tin nh im....................................................................................................17 5. ng k mt tm nh im ................................................................................................17 Thc hnh ..............................................................................................................................18 7. S dng cc tp tin nh im ............................................................................................25 6. M mt tp tin nh im c ng k ........................................................................26 II. t mi trng hiu chnh cho mt lp d liu....................................................................26 III. To mi cc i tng khng gian......................................................................................26 Thc hnh ..............................................................................................................................27 IV. To nhn cho cc i tng khng gian .............................................................................28 1. S dng nt Label..............................................................................................................28 2. S dng lnh Draw AutoLabels.........................................................................................28 3. Lu cc nhn ln a .........................................................................................................29 4. Xa cc i tng nhn.....................................................................................................29 VI. Hiu chnh cc i tng khng gian..................................................................................29 1. Cc bc thc hin vic hiu chnh d liu khng gian ...................................................29 2. Thuc tnh ca i tng khng gian................................................................................30 3. Thay i thuc tnh hin th ca cc i tng .................................................................31 4. Thay i hnh dng i tng ...........................................................................................32 5. Bt dnh vo nt (Snap to nodes).......................................................................................32 6. Vut cong cc i tng a tuyn .....................................................................................33 Chng III: To v hiu chnh d liu thuc tnh.........................................................................34 I. Cc khi nim v c s d liu ..............................................................................................34 II. To mt bng d liu mi .....................................................................................................35 III. Hin th v thay i cu trc bng d liu thuc tnh.........................................................37 IV: Lu tr v to bn sao cho cc table ..................................................................................37 V. Di chuyn v i tn cc Table .............................................................................................38 VI. Chn cc m u tin vo trong bng d liu thuc tnh...........................................................39 VII. Xo Table............................................................................................................................39 VIII. Lm sch khi d liu ho hoc bng thuc tnh ........................................................40 IX. Nhp d liu vo bng.........................................................................................................41 1. Cp nht d liu cho mt nhm cc m u tin....................................................................41 Thc hnh ..........................................................................................................................41
2. To ct thuc tnh ta ca cc i tng .....................................................................44 3. Trit xut mt lp (Export .................................................................................................45 Chng IV: Truy vn d liu.........................................................................................................48 I. Geocoding ..............................................................................................................................48 II. Tm kim d liu trong ca s Map bng lnh Find.............................................................49 III. Chn trc tip i tng .....................................................................................................50 1. Th no l s la chn ......................................................................................................50 2. Cc c tnh ca s la chn ............................................................................................51 3. Thc hin s la chn .......................................................................................................51 4. La chn t mn hnh........................................................................................................52 5. Cc cng c la chn i tng........................................................................................54 IV. Truy vn bng biu thc ......................................................................................................56 1. Truy vn d liu s dng lnh Selec.................................................................................57 2. Truy vn d liu s dng lnh SQL Select ........................................................................60 Chng V: Phn nhm d liu......................................................................................................62 I. Redistricting l g?.................................................................................................................62 II. Chc nng ca Redistricting trong vic phn nhm d liu ................................................63 1. Bng phn nhm (Districts Browser)................................................................................63 2. Nhm gc (Target District) ...............................................................................................64 III. S dng c tnh Redistricting ............................................................................................65 1. To nhm mi ....................................................................................................................66 2. Phn li nhm cho cc i tng trn bn ..................................................................67 IV. Cc tu chn khi s dng c tnh Redistricting .................................................................68 V. Lu li cc sp xp, t chc d liu .....................................................................................69 Chng VI: Phn tch d liu .......................................................................................................70 I. Ch hiu chnh i tng gc ...........................................................................................70 II. Tng hp v phn chia d liu .............................................................................................71 III. Kt ni vi i tng gc ....................................................................................................71 IV: Phn chia i tng ............................................................................................................72 V. Ct ta tng ....................................................................................................................73 VI. Chn cc giao im giao vo i tng ..............................................................................74 VII: To mt vng m ..............................................................................................................74 VIII. Kt ni cc i tng bng ni dung ca ct thng tin vo .............................................76 Chng VII: To bn chuyn ..............................................................................................78 I. Cc loi bn chuyn .....................................................................................................78 1. Bn chuyn loi Individual Values ..........................................................................79 2. Bn chuyn loi Ranges of Values...........................................................................79 3. Bn chuyn loi Graduate Symbol ..........................................................................80 4. Bn chuyn loi Dot Density ...................................................................................81 5. Bn chuyn loi Bar Chart ......................................................................................81 6. Bn chuyn loi Pie Chart.......................................................................................81 II. Lp k hoch to bn chuyn ......................................................................................82 1. Cc bin chuyn ............................................................................................................82 2. Ngun d liu cho bn chuyn ................................................................................82 III. Cc lp chuyn ...............................................................................................................83 IV. S dng ct thc tnh lin kt trong bn chuyn ........................................................83 V. S dng im chuyn trong bn chuyn ......................................................................84 VI. Thay i ni dung cc mc trong bng ch thch Chng VII: To trang in..............................................................................................................86 I. Khi qut v ca s Layout....................................................................................................86 II. To mt mn hnh Layout .........................................................................................................86
1. a mt ca s ang m vo ca s Layout ....................................................................86 2. S dng cng c Frame.....................................................................................................88 3. Canh l cho cc i tng trong ca s Layout ...............................................................88 Phn ph lc..................................................................................................................................96 Cch g ting Vit trong MapInfo.....................................................................................96 Ti d liu t Internet................................................................................................................96 Chuyn Font d liu cho ph hp vi phn mm MapInfo .......................................................98 X l File d liu Excel trc khi chuyn sang lm vic bn MapInfo...................................101 M File d liu Excel t MapInfo ...........................................................................................101 Bi thc hnh...............................................................................................................................103
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Gio trnh l thuyt v thc hnh MapInfo

TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN NA L V PHN MM MAPINFO

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II. TNG QUAN V PHN MM MAPINFO

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Nhp DHSP vo Organization, tip tc nhn Next

Nhn Next > Next > Next > Install : qu trnh ci t bt u.

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D liu thuc tnh

D liu khng gian

D liu dng Text

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D liu dng vng

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TO V HIU CHNH D LIU KHNG GIAN

I. S DNG NH RASTER TO D LIU KHNG GIAN

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Bn hy nhp gi tr ta theo h D/M/S v nhn Convert c c gi tr h thp phn.

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II. T MI TRNG HIU CHNH CHO MT LP D LIU

III. TO MI CC I TNG KHNG GIAN

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Chn Editing l Cosmetic Layer Phng to cc vng cn v, chn cng c Polyline .

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