Семинар Cigre SC B5 -4

Slovenia
Evolution and Prospects of Relay Protection, Control and Automation Systems

Presented by: Janez Zakonjek
Actual Trends in Development of Power System Protection and Automation Russia, Yekaterinburg, 3 7 June 2013
About Myself
M.Sc. degree in Power Engineering 1977 from University in Ljubljana, Slovenia 15 years with ISKRA Slovenia on relay protection, substation automation and power line carrier eq. From 1991 to 2005 in ABB Relays, Sweden as product manager and senior application specialist From 2006 to 2009 responsible for business and technology development in ABS Holdings, Russia
Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 2 -
Since Sept. 2009 founder and director of RELARTE Ltd. consulting company in Slovenia All professional career with CIGRE
What shall I Talk About?

A bit about relay history (and expressions used) Why do we strive so strongly towards new solutions in secondary power systems Something about the possibility of going back to the future CIGRE WG B5.24 on Current and Voltage Digital Acquisition Chain
Some views on education of young specialists and Something about modern developing and testing methods
Relay Development Hardware and Methods
Continuous development of relay protection
World CO2 Producers - Burning of Fossil Fuels
29.888.121.000 metric tones of Carbon Dioxide in 2008
Source: Wikipedia
CO2 Development Through the History
Future HVAC and HVDC Super Grid
Wind Mills Against Wind Farms
To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?
Functional and Hardware integration - 19 1975 75

1 - Distance protection 2 - Three-phase power swing unit 3 - Directional earth fault protection 4 - AC supervision circuits 5 - DC supervision circuits 6 - STUB protection 7 - Auxiliary relays 8 - Fault locator 9 - (Printer for fault locator) 10 - Disturbance recorder 11 - Signaling unit 12 - Parts of event recorder 13 - Breaker failure protection - 1 CB 14 - Tripping relays 15 - Autoreclosing for one CB 16 - Synchrocheck for one CB 17 - Auxiliary transformers for disturbance recorder
10
2 3 4 6 8 9 5 7
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
Functional and Hardware Integration - 19 1994 94

10
2 3 4 6 8 9 5 7
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
Functional and Hardware integration - 19 1994 94
+ SELF SUPERVISION + COMMUNICATION +++++

1 10 2 3 4 6 8 5 7 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
No Need to Invent the Wheel Again

THE DESIGN IS CHANGING BUT THE BASIC IDEA REMAINS
BC 1000
1000
1993
AC
PERFORMANCES ARE IN GENERAL IMPROVED
Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)

RCC
Modern Substation (Today)

RCC
IEC 61850
Modern Substation (Today)

RCC
IEC 61850
GOOSE Messaging
Modern Substation (Today ?)

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
MU
SAMU
SAMU
MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
MU
SAMU
SAMU
MU
Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
Intelligent Primary Equipment
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU
Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-SV
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU
Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-xy
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU
Is It Distributed or Centralized
Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)

RCC
GOOSE Messaging
IEC 61850
IEC 61850-9-xy
NCIT
NCIT
MU SAMU SAMU MU
But! Is It Really So Simple?

CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection requirements related to Transient Response of Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain
Primary Conductor
Digital signal adjustment
Digital signal adjustment
Digital s signal adjustm ment
Ethernet switch process bus IEC 61850-9-2 Digital signal processing
What Are We Really Doing in I and U Circuits

Logic and communication
But! Is It Really So Simple?

CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection requirements related to Transient Response of Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain
3,0 2,5 2,0 Secondary current [A] 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 -0,5 -1,0 -1,5 -2,0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Time [ms] TPX Ts = 3000 ms TPZ Ts = 60 ms Diff current Primary time constant Tp = 120 ms
Generator Reverse Power Protection

P/SN
-1
+1 Q/SN
z.B: -0,005
The angle error influence is larger at sensitive settings. For generator protection application the assumed angle error of 0.5 - 1 is too high. The angle error must be lower than 0.1.
Earth Faults Isolated or Compensated Systems
Minimum primary earth fault currents in dependence of system voltage

Voltage level Primary fault current
6 kV
10 kV
20 kV 2,31 A
0,69 A 1,15 A
Earth Faults Isolated or Compensated Systems
The healthy line
Operation
Imeas.
IC
Phase angle error can cause unwanted operation
Earth Fault
Normal Operating Condition
Necessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MU

Magnitude
0 3
dB
H dB ( f)
10
15 0.01
0.1
10 f in Hz
100
1 .10
1 .10
H ( 50 ) = 1 Phase
0 degree
Ph ( f)
50 0.01
0.1
Ph ( 50 ) = 3.624
10 f in Hz
100
1 .10
1 .10
Educate young Protection Engineers

Why transformer can not transform DC current? Y, Z and Delta connected CTs Investigate distance protection on double fed line What is mutual coupling?
How is defined DC time constant of short circuit current Etc
Educate Young Protection Engineers
Educate young Protection Engineers

Young Engineer should have deep knowledge on power system and its elements updated according to their development His knowledge should be excellent from the abnormal conditions point of view He should know what is a power and what is a point what is a power system and what a tool (screw driver or computer) Must be able to judge what computer is telling him HW and SW play the same role as moving discs, coils, transistors and logic circuits long ago Vendors should stop training them pressing buttons They should be paid according to their responsibility We, teachers and mentors must change our approach
Testing According to System Requirements (1994)
Modern Technologies Modern Testing Methods
Multi Modular Converters
Conclusion ?

Семинар Cigre SC B5 -4

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Slovenia

Evolution and Prospects of Relay Protection, Control and Automation Systems

What shall I Talk About?

Relay Development Hardware and Methods

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 4 -

Relay Development Hardware and Methods

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 5 -

Relay Development Hardware and Methods

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 6 -

Relay Development Hardware and Methods

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 7 -

Continuous development of relay protection

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 8 -

Continuous development of relay protection

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 9 -

Continuous development of relay protection

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 10 -

World CO2 Producers - Burning of Fossil Fuels

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 11 -

29.888.121.000 metric tones of Carbon Dioxide in 2008

CO2 Development Through the History

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 12 -

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 13 -

Future HVAC and HVDC Super Grid

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 14 -

Wind Mills Against Wind Farms

To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 15 -

Functional and Hardware integration - 19 1975 75

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 16 -

Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm

Functional and Hardware Integration - 19 1994 94

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 17 -

Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm

Functional and Hardware integration - 19 1994 94

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 18 -

+ SELF SUPERVISION + COMMUNICATION +++++

No Need to Invent the Wheel Again

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 19 -

PERFORMANCES ARE IN GENERAL IMPROVED

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 20 -

Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)

Modern Substation (Today)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 21 -

Modern Substation (Today)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 22 -

Modern Substation (Today ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 23 -

Modern Substation (Today ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 24 -

Modern Substation (Today ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 25 -

Modern Substation (Today ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 26 -

Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 27 -

Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 28 -

Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 29 -

Intelligent Primary Equipment

Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)

Copyright 2010 Relarte Ltd.- 30 -