ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F.

BSED English

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence)

A Comparison of The Bible: King James and New American Versions The Book of Genesis, Chapter One KING JAMES: THE STORY OF CREATION 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. NEW AMERICAN: THE PRIMEVAL HISTORY 1 In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth, 2 the earth was a formless wasteland, and darkness covered the abyss, while a mighty wind swept over the waters. ANALYSIS NA: when relative pronoun, at a given time/moment, omitted from KJ KJ: And starts each sentence/verse (except in Verse 1) without form absence of form, void empty NA: And omitted as Verses 1 and 2 form a complete sentence formless without form, wasteland substituted from KJ, empty, void face of (the waters) omitted in NA, substituted by over above/ in the surface, same as succeeding verses upon the face of in the surface (KJ) = covered on top deep (KJ) = abyss (NA), moved (KJ) = swept (NA) Spirit of God almighty Being (KJ) =/= mighty wind strong air current (NA) NA: Then denotes sentence/verse as action after action in preceding Verse - Refer to subscript 1, 12 KJ: light antecedent of it, that refers to light, referred to as good, same as His other creations NA: how omitted from KJ, denotes degree of goodness of light then denotes action after the action in preceded sentence divided (KJ) = separated (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 8 KJ: Day and Night treated as proper nouns evening and morning referred both as the first day, same as in succeeding days in KJ

3 And God said, let there be light; and there was light.

3 Then God said, Let there be light,, and there was light.

4 And God saw the light, that it was good, and God divided the light from the darkness.

4 God saw how good the light was. God then separated the light from the darkness.

5 And God called light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were

5 God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Thus evening came, and morning followed

ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. the first day.

BSED English

the first day.

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence) NA: day and night enclosed in quotation marks, common nouns, same as other names coined by God Thus so, functions the same as and in 2nd sentence of KJ followed committed from KJ - Refer to subscript 1 KJ: let (it divide) allow, used as imperative, same function as succeeding verses it refers to firmament NA: to separate infinitive verb, identifies the function of the dome other refers to waters/avoids repetition of noun, substituted from KJ And so it happened: committed from KJ, same with succeeding verses firmament (KJ) sky/heavens = dome (NA) refer to Verse 8 midst (KJ) = middle (NA)

6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.

6 Then God said, Let there be a dome in the middle of the waters, to separate one body of water from the other. And so it happened:

7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.

- Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 14 7 God made the dome, and it KJ: which relative pronoun, omitted in NA separated the water above the dome and it was so omitted in NA from the water below it. NA: below and above changed in word order from KJ it refers to dome, committed from KJ, implies that God was not the doer of action (unlike in KJ) waters (KJ) = water (NA), under (KJ) = below (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 8, 14 8 God called the dome the sky. KJ: Heaven treated as a proper noun Evening came, and morning followed the second day. Heaven (KJ) = sky (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 9, 10, 11, 14 KJ: it (was so) refers to Gods command (Let the waters), same function as NA

8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.

9 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be

9 Then God said, Let the water under the sky be gathered into a

ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.

BSED English

single basin, so that the dry land may appear. And so it happened: the water under the sky was gathered into its basin, and the dry land appeared.

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence) so referring to previously mentioned action (Let the waters) NA: may modal verb, denotes possibility, committed from KJ happened occur, committed from KJ, so thus/therefore the water under the sky was gathered into its basin, and the dry land appeared. committed from KJ unto (KJ) = into (NA), one (KJ) = single (NA) and it was so (KJ) = And so it happened (NA) change in word order and function of so, was substituted by happened) place space/area (KJ) =/= basin an area where water is gathered (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 17, 18, 19 gathering together gerund (KJ) =/= basin noun, same as previous Verse (NA) Earth (KJ) = the earth (NA), Seas (KJ) = the sea (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 10, 17 KJ: his refers to fruit tree, omitted in NA NA: every kind (of plant) committed from KJ kind (of plant) (of fruit tree) type, committed from KJ with preposition, possessing/having, committed from KJ grass (KJ) = vegetation (NA), herb (KJ) = plant (NA) yielding - progressive form (KJ) = bears singular form whose (KJ) = that (bears fruits) (NA) both refer to fruit tree upon (KJ) = on (NA), itself (KJ) = it (NA)

10 And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called the Seas: and God saw that it was good. 11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.

10 God called the dry land the earth, and the basin of the water he called the sea. God saw how good it was. 11 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth vegetation: every kind of plant that bears seed and every kind of fruit tree on earth that bears fruit with its seed in it." And so it happened:

12 And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.

- Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 19 12 the earth brought forth every kind - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 20 of plant that bears seed and every kind of fruit tree on earth that bears fruit with its seed in it. God saw how good it was.

ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. 13 And the evening and the morning were the third day. 14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:

BSED English

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence) - Refer to subscript 1, 9, 11 KJ: them refers to lights, same as NA be be-verb, substituted by mark (transitive verb) in NA signs event that may signify something (e.g. day and night signified by the presence of the sun or moon) seasons periods of a year signified by weather and time of daylight, omitted in NA for (signs) (seasons) (days) preposition, denotes purpose, omitted in NA NA: mark identify/indicate, committed from KJ fixed times may refer to signs, time moment, measured through presence and location of sun and moon seasons committed from KJ - Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 14, 19 let them be (KJ) = serve (NA), for (KJ) = as (NA) lights source of illumination (KJ) = luminaries light-giving bodies (NA) give (KJ) = shed give off (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 19, 12, 14, 19 KJ: also in addition to, omitted in NA NA: one refers to light in KJ and (he made) committed from KJ rule (KJ) = govern (NA) - Refer to subscript 1 - Refer to subscript 1, 14, 19

13 Evening came, and morning followed - the third day. 14 Then God said: "Let there be lights in the dome of the sky, to separate day from night. Let them mark the fixed times, the days and the years,

15 And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.

15 and serve as luminaries in the dome of the sky, to shed light upon the earth." And so it happened:

16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.

16 God made the two great lights, the greater one to govern the day, and the lesser one to govern the night; and he made the stars.

17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.

17 God set them in the dome of the sky, to shed light upon the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. God saw how good it was

- Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 22

ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. 19 And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. 20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.

BSED English

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence) - Refer to subscript 1, 9, 11 KJ: moving creature that hath life substituted by living creatures in NA hath obsolete term for have (verb) open wide, omitted in NA bring forth abundantly come into existence (KJ) = teem with come swarming with (NA) abundantly adverb (KJ) = abundance noun (NA) creature (KJ) =/= creatures (NA), fowl (KJ) =/= birds (NA) difference in number of object moving changing position/place (KJ)=/= living being alive (NA) above high (KJ) =/= on in contact with in being within (KJ) = beneath (the dome) below/under (NA) both used as adverbs firmament (KJ) = dome (NA) both refer to top of the heaven/sky - Refer to subscript 1, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19 KJ: moveth obsolete term for move (verb) every after their kind, after his kind substituted by all kinds in NA after in reference to whale a sea animal known for its large size (KJ) =/= sea monster - any large and frightening sea creature (NA) every (KJ) = all (NA) both refer to all parts of a whole - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 17, 24 fertile (KJ) = fruitful (NA) both refer to ability of conceiving offspring in (KJ) = of(NA) both refer to being part of a whole (e.g. seas, earth) - Refer to subscript 1, 12, 17

19 Evening came, and morning followed - the fourth day. 20 Then God said, "Let the water teem with an abundance of living creatures, and on the earth let birds fly beneath the dome of the sky." And so it happened:

21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.

21 God created the great sea monsters and all kinds of swimming creatures with which the water teems, and all kinds of winged birds. God saw how good it was,

22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.

22 and God blessed them, saying, "Be fertile, multiply, and fill the water of the seas; and let the birds multiply on the earth."

ARJONA, Zeus David V. BSED English CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. 23 And the evening and the 23 Evening came, and morning morning were the fifth day. followed - the fifth day. 24 And God said, Let the earth 24 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the living creature after bring forth all kinds of living his kind, cattle, and creeping creatures: cattle, creeping things, thing, and beast of the earth after and wild animals of all kinds." And so his kind: and it was so. it happened: 25 And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. 25 God made all kinds of wild animals, all kinds of cattle, and all kinds of creeping things of the earth. God saw how good it was.

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence) - Refer to subscript 1, 9, 11 KJ: of the earth omitted in NA thing (KJ) =/= things (NA), beast dangerous animal (KJ) =/= wild animals (NA) difference in number of object - Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 19, 24, 26 KJ: that relative pronoun, omitted in NA due to change in word form of creepeth (verb to adjective) creepeth obsolete term for creep (verb) NA: creeping adjective - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 26, 27, 29 KJ: over (the fowl) (the cattle) omitted in NA to avoid repetition creeping thing moving thing (KJ) =/= wild animals any undomesticated animal creepeth (KJ)= crawl verb (NA) earth (KJ) = ground (NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 5, 12, 21, 24, 27, 31 KJ: own omitted in NA image of God (KJ) = divine image (NA) God is a divine Being created he him (KJ) = he created them (NA) change word order due to change in sentence pattern (from TV-S-DO to S-TV-DO) - Refer to subscript 1 KJ: and God said unto them substituted by saying in NA

26 Then God said: "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and the cattle, and over all the wild animals and all the creatures that crawl on the ground." 27 God created man in his image; in the divine image he created him; male and female he created them.

28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and

28 God blessed them, saying: "Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the replenish (KJ) = fill (NA) fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the living things that move on - Refer to subscript 1, 21, 25, 27, 28, 28 the earth."

ARJONA, Zeus David V. CATUD, Wilfred Glenn T. PAGAYON, Darleen F. over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. 29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.

BSED English

Translation and Editing of Text Dr. Neliza Casela Translation Analysis (Word Equivalence)

29 God also said: "See, I give you every seed-bearing plant all over the earth and every tree that has seedbearing fruit on it to be your food;

NA: over committed from KJ behold (KJ) = see (NA) have given simple perfect (KJ) =/= give simple present herb bearing seed noun + verb + noun (KJ) =/= seed-bearing plant adjective + noun (NA) fruit of a tree yielding seed noun + prep. + noun + verb + noun (KJ) =/= seed-bearing fruit adjective + noun (NA) it refers to fruit (KJ) =/= it refers to tree shall modal verb, instruction (KJ) =/= to preposition, purpose (NA) meat (KJ) = food (NA) both refer to edible fruits from plants/trees - Refer to subscript 1, 15, 20, 21 KJ: wherein there is life refers to earth, omitted in NA - Refer to subscript 1, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 34

30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so. 31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.

30 and to all the animals of the land, all the birds of the air, and all the living creatures that crawl on the ground, I give all the green plants for food." And so it happened. 31 God looked at everything he had made, and he found it very good. Evening came, and morning followed - the sixth day.

KJ: behold omitted in NA NA: found perceive, committed from KJ looked (KJ) = saw (NA) it was very good state of it being very good (KJ) =/= He found it very good it perceived by God as very good(NA) - Refer to subscript 1, 6, 7, 9, 11

Legend: = =/= word subscript word (word) Word Equivalence Word Inequivalence Function/Definition of Designated Word/Phrase Predominant/Recurrent Differences Not Included in Interpretation (enclosed in parentheses)