C Puzzles : Questions and Answers - Level 1

Questions
L1.Q1 : Write the output of the following program

#include

#define ABC 20
#define XYZ 10
#define XXX ABC - XYZ

void main()
{
int a;

a = XXX * 10;

printf("%d\n", a);
}
Solution for L1.Q1

L1.Q2 : Write the output of this program

#include

#define calc(a, b) (a * b) / (a - b)

void main()
{
int a = 20, b = 10;

printf("%d\n", calc(a + 4, b -2));

}
Solution for L1.Q2

L1.Q3 : What will be output of the following program ?

#include

void main()
{
int cnt = 5, a;

do {
a /= cnt;
} while (cnt --);

printf ("%d\n", a);

}
Solution for L1.Q3

L1.Q4 : Print the output of this program

#include

void main()
{
int a, b, c, abc = 0;

a = b = c = 40;

if (c) {
int abc;

abc = a*b+c;
}

printf ("c = %d, abc = %d\n", c, abc);

}
Solution for L1.Q4

L1.Q5 : Print the output of this program

#include

main()
{
int k = 5;

if (++k < 5 && k++/5 || ++k <= 8);

printf("%d\n", k);
}
Solution for L1.Q5

L1.Q6 : What is the output of this program ?

#include

void fn(int, int);

main()
{
int a = 5;

printf("Main : %d %d\n", a++, ++a);

fn(a, a++);
}
void fn(int a, int b)
{
printf("Fn : a = %d \t b = %d\n", a, b);
}
Solution for L1.Q6

Answers
L1.A1
Solution for L1.Q1

a = xxx * 10
which is => a = ABC - XYZ * 10
=> a = 20 - 10 * 10
=> a = 20 - 100
=> a = -80

L1.A2
Solution for L1.Q2

Actual substitution is like this :

calc(20+4, 10 -2) is calculated as follows

(20+4 * 10-2) / (20+4 - 10-2)

(20+40-2) / 12
58 / 12 = 4.8
since it is printed in %d the ans is 4

L1.A3
Solution for L1.Q3

This problem will compile properly, but it will give run

time error. It will give divide-by-zero error. Look in to
the do loop portion

do { a /= cnt; } while (cnt --);

when the 'cnt' value is 1, it is decremented in 'while

( cnt --)' and on next reference of 'cnt' it becomes zero.

a /= cnt; /* ie. a /= 0 */
which leads to divide-by-zero error.

L1.A4
Solution for L1.Q4

the result will be c = 40 and abc = 0;

because the scope of the variable 'abc' inside if(c) {.. }
is not valid out side that if (.) { .. }.

L1.A5
Solution for L1.Q5

The answer is 7. The first condition ++k < 5 is checked and

it is false (Now k = 6). So, it checks the 3rd condition
(or condition ++k <= 8) and (now k = 7) it is true. At this
point k value is incremented by twice, hence the value of k
becomes 7.

L1.A6
Solution for L1.Q6

The solution depends on the implementation of stack.

(Depends on OS) In some machines the arguments are passed
from left to right to the stack. In this case the result
will be

Main : 5 7 Fn : 7 7

Other machines the arguments may be passed from right to

left to the stack. In that case the result will be

Main : 6 6
Fn : 8 7

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