Vander Waals forces Vander Waals forces are the intermolecular forces and they include any type

of attraction or repulsion forces between the neighboring molecules of substances as they are different from the covalent or ionic bond in the strength, though they are very weak inter atomic interactions they can affect the properties of the substance to a much extent. The Vander Waal forces can be discussed under 3 categories. Dipole -dipole interaction Vander Waals-Keesom If there a permanaetnt polarity in the molecule, the opposite poles attracts each other and this interaction is called dipole -dipole interaction, take the example of CO2. The oxygen atom bears the negative charge due to high negativity and thus carbon bears the positive charge, so the attraction of the opposite poles in a CO2 molecule will be called the dipole dipole interaction or Vander Waals Keesom forces. Though weak they can play important role in changing the surface and molecular properties of the compound, other examples of the molecules where dipole- dipole interaction occurs are CHCl3, BF3 etc. One should note that though the hydrogen bonding is also a kind of dipole = dipole interaction it does not come under the Vander Waals Keesom Forces. The reason lies in the fact that it is much stronger compared to Vander Waals forces. Dipole induced dipole interaction van der Waals-Debye Forces: When a non polar molecule comes closer to a polar molecule the electrons distortion in the non polar molecules get distorted and momentarily the non polar molecule develops a polarity, and this type of polarity is called the induced polarity by a permanent polar molecule and the type of forces develops due to this is called dipole induced dipole interaction or Debye forces. Dispersion forces or instantaneously induced dipole interaction or the London forces Even in a non polar molecule there a is a kind of polarization of the charges think about the CH4, or H2 or Butane molecules , these molecules are non polar but as electrons in the molecules are mobile there is distortion of the electrons clouds of these molecule and there develops a very small polarity and thus there is attraction of opposite poles developed due t the dispersion of the electrons in the molecules, this type of interaction is called Dispersion forces or London forces or instantaneously induces dipole interaction. They become quite effective with increase in the number of electrons in the molecules. TWO POINTS STILL LEFT FOT THE CLEARANCE : First whethet vanderwaals forces inclus=des the repulsion forces or not? Second are dipole induced dipole forces are weaker Number of lectrons also counbt for the vanderwaals forces Shape of the molecule s Is hydrogen bonding is included in the vanderwals forces.?