DATE: 1. Common Law 1154 1215 2.

Magna Carta Aka: Great Charter -

DESCRIPTION OF EVENT Henry II inherits throne Expanded customs to include new laws Sent out traveling judges to enforce new laws Became basis of Common Law Legal system based on custom and court rulings Henrys son King John takes power Failed struggles with French King and Pope Angered Nobles with oppressive taxes Group of Nobles corned John and made him sign the Magna Carta -

IMPACT ON DEMOCRACY Unlike feudal law, common law applied to all of England (Equality under the law) Jury System: local citizens should take part in trials (Democratic Participation) Grand Jury & Trial Jury Magna Carta protected: Every freeman from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment and other actions, except by judgment of his peers (Due Process of the Law) King would not tax without consulting the Great Council (Representation) Nobles had certain rights, later all men Rule of Law: king must obey the law Model for Modern day Parliament/Congress

3. Parliament 1200s 1295 -

Great Council meets to talk becomes parliament Edward I summoned parliament to ask to raise money for war What touches all should be approved by all. Model Parliament: House of Lords: Lords & Clergy House of Commons: Knights & middleclass

4. Hundred Years War

1337 - 1453

- Struggle between France and England - England lost most of its land in France - English rulers turned to Parliament for funding - power of the purse

- Power of the purse = check to monarchs power - Parliament has power to add new taxes - Limit the power of the Monarch

1603 1642 5. Petition of Right 1628

6. English Civil War

1642 - 1649

7. Glorious Revolution 1685 - 1689

James I becomes absolute monarch 1611, 1614 dissolves Parliament Charles I false imprisonment 1628 needs to raise funds & calls back Parliament - Before funds, had to accept Petition of Right - No taxing w/o parliament; no false imprisonment - Next dissolve caused Long Parliament - Parliament could not be dissolved - Wealthy nobles backed Monarch(Charles) - Townsfolk, landowners, Puritan clergy backed Parliament - Parliament wins w/Oliver Cromwell leading - King is tried by Parliament - James II inherits the throne - People feared restoration of Roman Catholic Church - Parliament invited William and Mary of Orange (Protestant) to rule - James II runs w/o conflict (NO BLOOD) William and Mary had to accept to be crowned Ensured Superiority of Parliament over monarch Parliament had to be summoned regularly House of Commons received the power of the purse Monarch could not interfere w/parliament or laws No Roman Catholic could be crowned

Petition of Right limited the kings power No false imprisonment or punishment, must have jury Parliament has Power of the Purse

- limit the monarchs power - King is bound by the Rule of Law

- Parliament appointed the monarch (Power of the People) - who has the power now?

8. English Bill of Rights

1689

Officially power to Parliament Limited Monarch Rights established No excessive fines, cruel and unusual punishment Principle of habeas corpus