Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3. Learning outcomes.........................................................................................................1
5. Study skills......................................................................................................................2
10. Moodle.........................................................................................................................9
20. Test 19
3. Learning outcomes
On successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
• recognise the influences of the past, current and future trends in the demand for
and significance of tourism;
• understand the influence of geographical factors on tourism development and
activity;
• demonstrate knowledge of the structure and organisation of the tourism industry;
• identify the interrelations that exist between the various sectors which provide
services and facilities for tourism;
• assess the role of the tourist and describe the needs of different groups;
• demonstrate an understanding of the economic, social and environmental impacts
of tourism activity.
1
4. Managing your study time in TOFD100
A module at City College Plymouth entails roughly 200 hours of study over a 30 week
period. These 200 hours indicate the quantity of work that is expected to successfully
complete the module. A typical hourly breakdown for this module might look like this:
Class time equates to approximately 1.5 hours per week. This leaves 5 hours per week
of private study that you should devote to this module. You should expect the majority of
your learning related to this subject to take place outside of the classroom. Therefore,
you are encouraged to establish constructive study habits in order to facilitate your
learning. Experience shows that students who keep pace with required and
recommended readings and allow ample time for preparation tend to earn good marks.
By reading relevant materials before attending a lecture on a set topic you are better
prepared to absorb the content presented.
5. Study skills
Many helpful study skills books for university students have also been published. The
following sources relate to one or more of the study skills that are emphasised in this
module. Others not appearing on this list may prove helpful to you as well. We strongly
recommend that you obtain at least one such skills book to guide your study of Tourism
Management. Consider it a sound investment in the personal library you should aim at
building during the course of your studies. If your finances are limited, the library has
many helpful study skills books available for loan or in-library use.
Learn to dip into books briefly to extract only the sections you need. Developing this
skill will assist you later in the course as you undertake further assignments, especially
the Research Skills module in Year Two.
Please note that these sources appear in the Harvard style. This is the format you will
need to use for all bibliographic entries made in your Tourism Management
assignments.
Burns, T. and Sinfield, S. (2009) Essential study skills: The complete guide to success
@ university, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications.
2
Clark, G. and Wareham, T. (2003) Geography @ university: making the most of your
geography degree and courses. London: Sage Publications.
Cottrell, S. (2009) The study skills handbook, 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Cottrell, S. (2005) Critical thinking skills: developing effective analysis and argument.
Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Drew, S. and Bingham, R. (2004) The student skills guide, 2nd ed. Aldershot, Hampshire:
Gower.
Germov, J. (2000) Get great marks for your essays, 2nd ed. St Leonards, NSW: Allan
and Unwin.
Hart, C. (2001) Doing a literature search: a comprehensive guide for the social sciences.
London: Sage Publications.
Inkpen, G. (1998) Information technology for travel and tourism, 2nd ed. Harlow, Essex:
Longman.
* Kneale, P.E. (2003) Study skills for Geography students: a practical guide, 2nd ed.
London: Hodder Arnold.
Korte, G.B. (1997) The GIS book, 4th ed. Santa Fe, NM: OnWord Press.
Langan, J. (1982) Reading and study skills, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Company.
Lennon, J.J. ed. (2003) Tourism statistics: international perspectives and current issues.
London: Continuum.
Rogers, A. and Viles, H.A. eds. (2003) The student’s companion to Geography, 2nd ed.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Saunders, D. ed. (1994) The complete student handbook. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
3
Smith, M. and Smith, G. (1996) A study skills handbook. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
*Highly recommended
The University of Plymouth has also produced a range of useful study guides on
studying, writing, presenting and learning. These are available under Study Guides on
the main FdSc Tourism Moodle page. You should also refer to the FdSc Tourism Style
Manual, especially for Harvard Referencing.
6. Lecture programme
Room: K307 Day: Thursday Time: 2.00pm-3.30pm
Week Date Topic Lecturer
22 October
4 Historical and spatial development of tourism Win Scutt
2009
10-12
6 November No lecture – field trip to London Win Scutt
2009
19 November
7 Library Orientation Ann Gandon
2009
4
3 December Economic and political influences
9 Win Scutt
2009 on tourism flows
10 December
10 Tourism in the UK Win Scutt
2009
17 December
11 Online Test n/a
2009
Christmas Vacation
14 January
13 Marketing tourism and the media Win Scutt
2010
28 January
15 Managing tourism impacts Win Scutt
2010
4 February
16 Overseas Study Visit Win Scutt
2010
25 February
18 Sustainable Plymouth Jackie Young
2010
Easter Vacation
5
28 20 May 2010 Feedback from Marked Assignments Win Scutt
Week
Week Topic Page numbers
beginning
22 October
4 2009
The evolution of marketing 511-516
6
Study Review Week
5 November
5 The economic impact of tourism 128-136
2009
10-12
Tourism and development planning 244-277
6 November Tourism under crisis 278-301
2009
Destinations 474-503
19 November
7 2009
17 December
11 2009
Christmas vacation
12 5 January 2010
26 January
15 The socio-cultural impact of tourism 186-213
2010
4 February
16 (Overseas Study Visit)
2010
7
transportation; 404-423
future trends 426-436
8
8. Field trip to London
This module includes a three day field trip to
London to discover the strategies used to manage
tourism in the world’s leading tourism destination.
Attendance on the visit is mandatory. Part of the
examination will be based on the information
collected during fieldwork. Rail fare and
accommodation costing £70 is covered by the
payment you made during induction week towards
trips.
10. Moodle
This module is fully supported
by Moodle. Check the site for
notices and learning material
frequently and daily if possible.
Make sure you have entered
your usual email address on
Moodle and check your emails
on a regular basis as any
messages from tutors or other
students will go there via
Moodle. You will find a range of
information including learning
materials, staff details, and the
FdSc Tourism Student
Handbook. Figure 4: Tourism Studies on Moodle
9
11. Assessment Schedule and Deadlines
Proportion of
Assessment component
module marks (%)
5. Test 10%
TOTAL 100%
Assessment items are each marked out of 100 percent. Item marks are then weighted to
their percent of the module total, and the weightings summed to yield the module total.
All assignments should be submitted on or before the due date. Please check your
Student Handbook for regulations and the assessment framework.
12. Journals
Each of your four journal entries must be a maximum of 500 words. You are to identify
at least five academic sources relating to each theme, and discuss how their
perspectives relate to the theme.
10
Relates to the following learning outcome:
• identify the interrelations that exist between the various sectors which provide
services and facilities for tourism;
13. Report
Title: Identify the main types of tourist who visit London and consider how the
tourism industry provides for their interests and needs. Provide relevant
examples as appropriate.
Write a 1500 word report on the topic outlined above (approximately six word processed
pages). Be sure to work within the word limit. Only the first 1500 words of the report will
be considered in the marking process. N. B. The reference list does not count towards
the word limit.
You are expected to read relevant academic literature and cite it properly in your
report and reference list. Aim at citing a minimum of five books, official tourism
reports and at least two academic journal articles to support your report.
A good answer will include the use of relevant tourism texts to inform your discussion of
a range of tourism related environmental impacts and explain the relationship between
tourists, the tourist industry and the destination. Provide examples of how management
strategies are used to limit negative environmental impacts and encourage positive
impacts. As you have a word limit of 1500 words your discussion needs to be both
accurate and concise. Remember to focus on London.
The report is an individual assignment so you should not co-operate with anyone in
preparing it. Do not show anyone a draft or final copy of your work. Always attribute
sources properly using the Harvard System as instructed in this module. Unfair practice
will be dealt with severely. Further guidance appears in the FdSc Tourism Student
Handbook. If in doubt, ask your tutor.
An academic report is written in the third person so you should not refer to yourself or
the reader in a direct manner e.g. do not use the terms I, me, we, us or you. A strong
report will provide a summary of tourist types, how their interests and needs are served
by the tourism industry with relevant examples. A very strong report will cite tourism
industry or governmental reports covering the destination or topic.
The following space allocations are provided as a guideline for this assignment:
11
Introduction 1 page
Identify the main types of tourist who visit London and consider how the
tourism industry provides for their interests and needs, with examples 4 pages
Conclusion 1 page
(a) Report layout and standard of presentation: The report must be typed or
word-processed in 12 point Arial font, contain no more than 1500 words*, be 1.5
spaced; have numbered pages; use a logical format; and be well presented and
carefully edited. Name the file as instructed above.
(* Note that the reference list does not count toward the word limit and should
appear single spaced with double spacing between references. Place all
references in one list in alphabetical order by author surname and do not use
bullet points.)
(c) Structure: Is it clear and logical? Does the report contain an introduction, body
and conclusion? Does the introduction set out the purpose of the report in a
concise manner? Does the conclusion contain a summary of the main arguments
together with key concluding statements? Does the report flow well? Is the line
of argument coherent and well balanced?
(e) Sources: Is the report well researched? Is a wide range of relevant reference
materials used to support the report e.g. books, journals, reports? A minimum of
ten sources is suggested. Is material cited accurately and used to best effect?
Are page numbers provided for quotes, data and specific ideas? Is a complete
12
reference list provided on a separate page at the end of the report using the
Harvard style of referencing with accuracy?
Brief
You will be divided into two or more groups to work together on your problem-based
learning assignment. Your group will be issued with a statement drawn from a current
from a current dilemma in the tourism industry. It will be your job to investigate the
background to the dilemma and report on its implications in a balanced way.
Assessment
• PBL session feedback
• PBL minutes (1,500 words)
• Oral Presentation (15 minutes)
• Summary Report (500 words)
• Seminar (30 minutes)
Should you fail to meet a deadline for coursework then you must make sure that you
submit an Extenuating Circumstances Form supported by relevant medical evidence.
This is group work and marks will be allocated to the group on an equal basis, unless
there is strong evidence that a group member has not contributed.
13
Components of Module Assessment
14
Attendance at PBL sessions
The effectiveness of this method of learning is optimised if groups are working together
actively and consistently. This means that student attendance for the PBL sessions is of
prime importance. If groups are not at or very near their maximum numbers for every
session then those who are in attendance are being disadvantaged. Low numbers
means less participation/discussion and fewer ideas. As stated above, failure to attend a
PBL session will mean a zero mark for that session.
1. Clarify terms, names and concepts used - is it clear what is being read? With
clarification the Study Group is unambiguously unequivocal about the information
provided.
2. Attempt to define the problem - what do you wish to explain? The Study Group must
agree on what you consider needs to be explained.
4. Make an inventory of the explanations inferred from the step above - what is clear and
understood? What remains unclear and undecided? Ideas generated in Step 3 are
arranged, surveyed and sorted. It becomes clear where the gaps are and what needs to
be studied.
5. Formulate the Learning Objectives - what do you need to do to better understand the
problem? What do you need to research? What information do you need to gather?
7. Report back and synthesise the newly acquired knowledge - this is the discussion
stage. Did you acquire a better understanding of the nature and dynamics of the
problem? Supplementary Learning Objectives may have to be formulated if gaps still
exist.
15
What to submit within one week of your presentation is made
Digital copy of the PowerPoint (or a link to your Google Presentation) submitted to
Moodle with the filename TOFD101.7group1.doc
Digital copy of the Minutes (or a link to your Google Docs) submitted to Moodle with the
filename TOFD101.7group1.doc
Digital copy of the Summary Report (or a link to your Google Docs) submitted to Moodle
with the filename TOFD101.7reportgroup1.doc
All the above steps must be completed before the deadline. Marks will be
deducted from work that has been submitted incorrectly. Incomplete or late
submissions will not be assessed.
Note: You will need to bring with you a copy of your PowerPoint presentation on CD-
Rom or USB Flash Pen for use during your seminar presentation. It is your
responsibility to check that your work can be used on College computers so if you
work from home check your PowerPoint file on a College computer before
opening your file in the classroom.
Criteria for allocating presentation marks follow. The presentation is worth a total of 100
points with a breakdown as follows:
16
The PowerPoint presentation is designed to support your oral presentation and should
contain the following slides:
Text
Slides 2-5 Appropriate headings and text to support your oral presentation
You must include at least one visual image and also reference the source
e.g.
Map of Spain
Source: Lonely Planet, 2009
Slide 6 References
These should be presented using the Harvard style of referencing
including the full citation for any images used, for example
17
18. Marking criteria for the use of PowerPoint
Criteria for allocating presentation marks follow.
The presentation is worth a total of 100 points with a breakdown as follows:
Each slide should contain the footer text City College Plymouth using Arial font size 12.
Use Arial font 24 for the main text of the presentation. You may use animation and
transition effects to demonstrate your ability to use PowerPoint effectively but they must
be appropriate.
To submit a journal entry, go to the Moodle page for your module and click on the
‘Journals’ button from the menu on the left hand side of the page. Write your journal in
the space provided for the appropriate journal.
To submit an assignment electronically, go to the Moodle page for your module and click
on the ‘Assignments’ button from the menu on the left hand side of the page. Click on
the relevant assignment title and submit your assignment by using ‘file upload’ option.
Use the browse facility to locate the file you want to upload then press ‘submit’ to send
the document to the Module Leader.
You will see a confirmation message from Moodle that your assignment has been
submitted successfully. If you do not receive a confirmation message shortly after
sending your file, you have not submitted the work correctly. Try again following the
above steps carefully. Moodle will automatically email the Module Leader to report that
you have submitted your assignment.
If it is not possible for you to submit your assignment through Moodle for any reason,
under special circumstances it is possible for you to email your work to the module
leader. If this is not possible either, you may submit a hard copy to the HE Faculty Office
18
where you must obtain a receipt for your work. However you submit your work, you must
do it before the deadline or you will receive a zero mark for your work.
The electronic version of your coursework must be in MS Word and labelled with your
surname, the module code and mode of assessment. For example, the file for
your essay should be named as follows: TOFD100Surnameessay.doc.
N.B. Always retain at least one complete hard copy, one electronic copy and one
back up electronic copy of the final version of your submitted work. You are
encouraged to save your work on your student computer account at City College
Plymouth for added security.
If you realise you have made a mistake with your electronic submission then you must
contact the Module Leader. It is important that you upload your file well before the
submission deadline to give you time to contact the Module Leader if anything goes
wrong. If you e-mail the Module Leader on the date and time the submission is due, the
Module Leader may not be sympathetic, unless there is an officially reported fault. On
another technical note, the software does not like very long file names – so please make
sure that your file name (the one you upload from your computer or disk) is short and
succinct – no more than 20 letters. It should follow the following format:
TOFD100Surnameessay.doc. If you have a long surname, shorten your name using
the first six letters.
You are reminded that it is your personal responsibility to ensure that your work is
submitted on time and in the correct manner and format.
20. Test
The test is designed to check the underpinning knowledge you have learned during the
first term. Without this knowledge, you would find it difficult to progress to the more
demanding aspects of this module.
The following text is required for purchase as part of the module as it provides
essential reading material.
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (2008) Tourism
principles and practice, 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
ISBN 9781408200094.
Note: The module text contains a helpful glossary from pp. 681-688.
The companion web site for the required text may be found at
www.pearsoned.co.uk/cooper.
Recommended texts
19
The following books are recommended for purchase and will help support your learning
during the module.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2006) The geography of tourism and recreation: environment,
place and space, 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Page, S.J. (2007) Tourism management: managing for change, 2nd ed. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Krippendorf, J. (1988) The holiday makers; understanding the impact of leisure and
travel. London: Heinemann.
Mazanec, J. (1995) Constructing traveller types. In: R. Butler and D. Pearce eds.
Change in tourism: people, places and processes. London: Routledge, pp.137-158.
Pearce, D. (1995) Tourism today: a geographical analysis, 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman,
pp.3-30.
Gilbert, D.C. (1990) Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism. In: C.P. Cooper ed.
Progress in tourism, recreation and hospitality management: Vol 2. London:
Belhaven
Press, pp.4-27.
20
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2006) The geography of tourism and recreation: environment,
place and space, 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Holloway, J.C. (1998) The business of tourism, 5th ed. Harlow: Longman, pp.16-40.
Page, S.J. (2007) Tourism management: managing for change, 2nd ed. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.28-55.
Shaw, G. and Williams, A. eds. (1997) The rise and fall of British coastal resorts: cultural
and economic perspectives. London: Pinter Publishers.
Withey, L. (1998) Grand tours and Cook’s tours: a history of leisure travel, 1750-1915.
London: Arum Press.
Cooper, C. (1997) Parameters and indicators of the decline of the British seaside resort.
In: G. Shaw and A.M. Williams eds. The rise and fall of British coastal resorts:
cultural and economic perspectives. London: Pinter, pp.79-101.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2006) The geography of tourism and recreation:
environment, place and space, 3rd ed. London: Routledge, pp.33-90 and 92-143.
Holloway, J.C. (1998) The business of tourism, 5th ed. Harlow: Longman.
Ioannides, D. and Debbage, K.G. eds. (1998) The economic geography of the tourist
industry: a supply-side analysis. London: Routledge.
Page, S.J. (2007) Tourism management: managing for change, 2nd ed. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.64-90 and 91-119.
Pigram, J. (1995) Resource constraints on tourism. In: R. Butler and D. Pearce eds.
Change in tourism: people, places and processes. London: Routledge, pp.208-228.
Shaw, G. and Williams, A.M. (1988) Tourism and employment: reflections on a pilot
study of Looe, Cornwall. Area 20(1), pp.23-34.
21
Williams, A.M. and Shaw, G. (1991) Tourism and economic development: Western
European experiences, 2nd ed. London: Bellhaven.
Witt, S., Brooke, M. and Buckley, P. (1991) The management of international tourism.
London: Unwin Hyman.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2001) The geography of tourism and recreation: environment,
place and space, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Harrison, D. (1992) Tourism to less developed countries: the social consequences. In:
D. Harrison ed. Tourism and the less developed countries. Chichester: John Wiley
and Sons Ltd., pp.19-34.
Ioannides, D. and Debbage, K.G. eds. (1998) The economic geography of the tourist
industry: a supply-side analysis. London: Routledge.
Patmore, J.A. (1983) Recreation and resources: leisure patterns and leisure places.
Oxford: Blackwell.
Lectures 6 and 13. Marketing tourism and the media; Urban tourism
Law, C.M. (1993) Urban tourism: attracting visitors to large cities. London: Mansell.
Lumsdon, L. (1992) Marketing for tourism: case study assignments. London: Macmillan.
Becken, S. (2002) The energy costs of the Ecotourism Summit in Quebec. Research
note. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10(5), pp.454-456.
22
Becken, S. and Simmons, D. (2002) Understanding energy consumption patterns of
tourist attractions and activities in New Zealand. Tourism Management 23(4),
pp.343-354.
Butler, R. (1998) Tourism and recreation in rural areas. Chichester: John Wiley and
Sons.
Edington, J.M. and Edington, M.A. (1986) Ecology, recreation and tourism. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
France, L. ed. (1997) The earthscan reader in sustainable tourism. London: Earthscan.
France, L. (1999) Sustainable tourism. In: M. Pacione ed. Applied geography: principles
and practice. London: Routledge, pp.321-332.
Hall, C.M. and Lew, A. eds. (1998) Sustainable tourism: a geographical perspective.
Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2006) The geography of tourism and recreation: environment,
place and space, 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Harrison, C. (1996) The best available place - reconciling leisure uses of the countryside
Holden, A. (2003) In need of new environmental ethics for tourism? Annals of Tourism
Research 30(1), pp.94-108.
Høyer, K.G. and Naess, P. (2001) Conference tourism: a problem for the environment,
as well as for research? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 9(6), pp.451-470.
Mathieson, A. and Wall, G. (1982) Tourism: economic, physical and social impacts.
Harlow: Longman, pp.35-92.
Page, S.J. (2007) Tourism management: managing for change, 2nd ed. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Pearlman, D.J. (1999) The Environment Act 1995 and quiet enjoyment: implications for
countryside recreation in the national parks of England and Wales, U.K. Area 31(1),
pp.59-66.
Butler, R., Hall, C.M. and Jenkins, J. eds. (1997) Tourism and recreation in rural areas.
Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Cocks, C. (2001) Doing the town: the rise of urban tourism in the United States.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Law, C.M. (1994) Urban tourism: attracting visitors to large cities. London: Mansell.
Page, S.J., Brunt, P., Busby, G. and Connell, J. (2001) Tourism: a modern synthesis.
London: Thomson Learning.
Page, S.J. and Getz, D. eds. (1997) The business of rural tourism: international
perspectives. London: International Thomson Business Press.
24
Page, S.J. and Hall, C.M. (2003) Managing urban tourism. Harlow: Pearson Education
Limited.
Pearce, D. (1989) Tourist development, 2nd ed. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman
Limited.
Pearce, D. (1995) Tourism today: a geographical analysis, 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman
Scientific and Technical.
Roberts, L. and Hall, D. (2001) Rural tourism and recreation: principles to practice.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Tribe, J., Font, X., Griffiths, N., Vickery, R. and Yale, K. (2000) Environmental
management for rural tourism and recreation. London: Cassell.
Tyler, D., Guerrier, Y. and Robertson, M. eds. (1998) Managing tourism in cities: policy,
process and practice. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Cruise tourism
Burton, R. (1995) Travel geography, 2nd ed. London: Pitman Publishing.
Dickinson, B. and Vladimir, A. (1997) Selling the sea: an inside look at the cruise
industry. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Jaakson, R. (2004) Beyond the tourist bubble?: cruise ship passengers in port. Annals
of Tourism Research 31(1), pp.44-60.
Lois, P., Wang, J., Wall, A. and Ruxton, T. (2003) Formal safety assessment of cruise
ships. Tourism Management 25(1), pp.93-109.
Wood, R.E. (2000) Caribbean cruise tourism: globalization at sea. Annals of Tourism
Research 27(2), pp.345-370.
Wood, R.E. (2004) Cruiseships: deterritorialized destinations. In: L. Lumsdon and S.J.
Page eds. Tourism and transport: issues and agenda for the new millennium. Oxford:
Elsevier, pp.133-145.
Becken, S. and Hay, J. E. (2007) Tourism and climate change: risks and opportunities.
Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Hall, C.M. and Lew, A.A. eds. (1998) Sustainable tourism: a geographical perspective.
Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Hamilton, J.M., Maddison, D.J. and Tol, R.S.J. (2005) Climate change and international
tourism: a simulation study. Global Environmental Change 15(3), pp. 253–266.
Matzarakis, A. and de Freitas, C.R. eds. 2001. Proceedings of the first international
workshop on climate, tourism and recreation, Halkidiki, Greece, 5-10 October 2001.
International Society of Biometeorology. [online] Available at http://www.mif.uni-
freiburg.de/ISB/ws/papers/cover.pdf [Accessed 20.9.2009].
Viner, D. and Amelung, B. (2003) Climate change, the environment and tourism: the
interactions. Proceedings of the ESF-LESC workshop, Milan, 4-6 June 2003. Publ.
éCLAT Climatic Research Unit, Norwich, 63pp. [online] Available at
http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/tourism/ESF-Final-Report.pdf [Accessed 20.9.2009].
Becken, S., Simmons, D. and Frampton, C. (2003) Energy use associated with different
travel choices. Tourism Management 24(3), pp.267-278.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (2001) The geography of tourism and recreation:
environment, place and space, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, pp.328-343.
Page, S.J. (2007) Tourism management: managing for change, 2nd ed. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.429-457.
Page, S.J., Brunt, P., Busby, G. and Connell, J. (2001) Tourism: a modern synthesis.
London: Thomson Learning.
26
23. Links to useful websites for TOFD100
CIA The World Fact Book http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook
éCLAT (a virtual network for the study of the interactions between climate and tourism)
at http://www.e-clat.org/
Landcare Research (New Zealand) Travel and tourism calculator – calculate your CO2
emissions due to travel and tourism at
http://www.carbonzero.co.nz/EmissionsCalc/tourismeditor.aspx
27