C S L THUYT.....................................................................................................1 BI TH NGHIM/THC HNH ..............................................................................

NGNH HC: IN TH VIN THNG

HC PHN: QUN L MNG VIN THNG

BI THC HNH GIAO THC SNMP

C S L THUYT 1.1 Tng quan v giao thc giao thc SNMP Giao thc SNMP s gii quyt c cc bi ton v gim st ti nguyn my ch; gim st hiu nng, lu lng trn cc thit b mng; h thng cnh bo s c tc thi. SNMP dng qun l, ngha l c th theo di, c th ly thng tin, c th c thng bo, v c th tc ng h thng hot ng nh mun. V d: Mt s kh nng ca phn mm SNMP : - Theo di tc ng truyn ca mt router, bit c tng s byte truyn/nhn. - Ly thng tin my ch ang c bao nhiu cng, mi cng cn trng bao nhiu. - T ng nhn cnh bo khi switch c mt port b down. - iu khin tt (shutdown) cc port trn switch.

SNMP dng qun l mng, ngha l n c thit k chy trn nn TCP/IP v qun l cc thit b c kt ni mng TCP/IP. Cc thit b mng khng nht thit phi l my tnh m c th l switch, router, firewall, adsl gateway, v c mt s phn mm cho php qun tr bng SNMP. SNMP l giao thc n gin, do n c thit k n gin trong cu trc bn tin v th tc hot ng, v cn n gin trong bo mt (ngoi tr SNMP version 3). S dng phn mm SNMP, ngi qun tr mng c th qun l, gim st tp trung t xa ton mng ca mnh. 1.2 M hnh s dng giao thc SNMP in hnh

Hnh 1.2: M hnh s dng SNMP in hnh.

Cc thnh phn chnh trong m hnh ca SNMP Network management station thng l mt my tnh chy phn mm qun l SNMP (SNMP management application), dng gim st v iu khin tp trung cc network element. Network element l cc thit b, my tnh, hoc phn mm tng thch SNMP v c qun l bi Network management station. Nh vy element bao gm device, host v application. SNMP agent l mt tin trnh chy trn network element, c nhim v cung cp thng tin ca element cho station, nh station c th qun l c element. Giao thc SNMP

1.3

1.3.1 Cc phin bn ca SNMP SNMP c 4 phin bn: SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, SNMPv2u v SNMPv3. Cc phin bn ny khc nhau mt cht nh dng bn tin v phng thc hot

ng. Hin ti SNMPv1 l ph bin nht do c nhiu thit b tng thch nht v c nhiu phn mm h tr nht. Trong khi ch c mt s thit b v phn mm h tr SNMPv3. 1.3.2 Cc giao thc thay th giao thc SNMP SGMP: Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol. Giao thc gim st cng n gin, c xem l tin thn ca giao thc SNMP. CMIS/CMIP (Common Management Information Services/Common Management Information Protocol): CMIS nh ngha dch v cung cp bi mi thnh phn trong mng nhm phc v qun l mng. Cn nghi thc CMIP l nghi thc thc thi dch v CMIS. CMIP cng thc hin qu trnh thu thp v ci t tham s tng t nh SNMP nhng cho php nhiu kiu iu hnh hn v v vy cng phc tp hn SNMP.

1.3.3 u im ca giao thc SNMP u im: o C th gim c chi ph cho vic trin khai khi dng giao thc SNMP. o Vic ci t SNMP vo thit b trong cu hnh mng n gin. o C th b sung thm mt cch khng hn ch thit b v cc nh cung cp cng nh l nhng i tng qun l. o SNMP l mt gii php c hiu qu cho vic qun l thit b nhiu nh cung cp. o SNMP c thit k c th hot ng c lp vi cc kin trc v c ch ca cc thit b h tr SNMP Hn ch o SNMP lm tng lu lng ng k. o Khng c s iu khin tng hp ca nhiu ni qun l. o S dng cc phin bn di phin bn th 3 c th tn ti cc nguy c v bo mt.

1.3.4 Kch hot giao thc SNMP trn thit b Cc bc kch hot giao thc trn thit b nh sau: o Bt tnh nng trap sender. o Khai bo a ch IP ca trap receiver. o Khai bo community-string ca bn tin trap. o Khai bo version ca SNMP trap.
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BI TH NGHIM/THC HNH 1.4 BI TH NGHIM/THC HNH S 1: Tn bi : BTH-SV-HD-08-SNMP-PROTOCOL 1.4.1 MC CH YU CU CHUNG: 1.4.1.1 Mc ch - C kin thc c bn v giao thc SNMP - Hiu c hot ng ca SNMP. - Hiu r cc u im v nhc im , ng dng ca giao thc SNMP - C kh nng cu hnh kch hot giao thc SNMP trn thit b 1.4.1.2 Yu cu - Sinh vin v c bn bit s dng phn mm Wireshark - Sinh vin nm c cc lnh c bn v cu hnh cho giao thc SNMP 1.4.1.3 Thi gian thc hin Khong 15-20 pht 1.4.1.4 Nhm thc hnh Gm 5 sinh vin 1.4.2 CHUN B 1.4.2.1 L thuyt ( SV bit trc) Tng quan v giao thc SNMP (tham kho l thuyt ) M hnh s dng giao thc SNMP in hnh Cc giao thc SMNP 1.4.2.2 M hnh thc hin, trang thit b, dng c:

Hnh 2.1.3: M hnh lab thc hin giao thc SNMP - My tnh ci t phn mm PRTG, wireshark v thit b router/ switch - Sinh vin nm c cc lnh c bn v cu hnh cho giao thc SNMP.

1.4.3 NI DUNG 1.4.3.1 Cc bc thc hin Bc 1: Thc hin u ni router/switch kt ni trong cng lp mng vi my tnh ci chng trnh PRTG Bc 2: Ln lt thc hin cc bc cu hnh trn tng router/switch ( y chn thit b l router) theo th t cu lnh sau Bc 3: Cu hnh a ch IP cho cc Interface u ni: Router X(config)#Interface fastethernet x/x Router X(config-if)#ip address 10.171.x.x 255.255.255.0 Bc 4: Cu hnh Enable chc nng giao thc SNMP Router X(config)# snmp-server community public ro Router X(config)# snmp-server community private rw 1.4.3.2 Phn nng cao Sau khi cu hnh cc lnh c bn ca SNMP, cu hnh thm cc tham s khc nh Router X(config-router)# snmp-server community community view MIB rw Router X(config-router)# snmp-server contact admin123@cdit.com.vn Router X(config-router)# snmp-server enable traps 1.4.3.3 Ghi nhn phn tch kt qu Kt qu mong mun Kch hot c giao thc SNMP hot ng trn thit b Th dng phn mm PRTG kt ni ti thit b router/ switch qua SNMP thu thp cc thng tin v trng thi ca router/ switch. Hin th c kt qu hot ng ca giao thc SNMP trn wireshark

Kt qu thc hin Kim tra cu hnh SNMP trn thit b router/switch

Kim tra trn phn mm theo di PRTG:

- Kim tra kt qu hot ng ca giao thc SNMP trn wireshark Bn tin bt qua wireshark

- Lu hot ng cc phng thc ca giao thc SNMP Trn giao din wireshark ca A chn menu : Statistics -> Flow Graph :

Click OK xem lu cc phng thc hot ng

 Cu hi trc nghim 1. Ch ra bi ton trong qun l h thng ng dng bi giao thc SNMP? A. Bi ton qun l trng thi thit b B. Bi ton gim st ti nguyn C. Bi ton gim st hot ng ca a D. Bi ton gim st cc chc nng thit b 2. Di y phng thc no l mt trong hai phng thc c bn ca k thut gim st A. Alert B. Trap C. Get- request D. Get - response 3. Nm phng thc c bn: GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SetRequest, GetResponse, Trap l nhng phng thc c bn ca giao thc SNMP version no A. SNMP v3 B. SNMP v1 C. SNMP v2c D. SNMPv2u 4. Ngi ta s dng bao nhiu c ch bo mt cho giao thc SNMP? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 5. C bao nhiu phin bn ca giao thc SNMP A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

1.4.4 NH GI KT QU