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MC LC
MC LC ................................................................................................................................. 1 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN MNG 3G UMTS V BI TON TI U ......................... 3 1.1 Tng quan mng 3G - UMTS ....................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Lch s pht trin ca thng tin di ng..................................................................... 3 1.1.2 S tin ha i ln 3G .................................................................................................. 4 1.1.3 Cp pht ph tn trong 3G ......................................................................................... 4 1.1.5 Cu trc mng 3G WCDMA...................................................................................... 6 1.1.5.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE) .................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1.1. Cc u cui (TE) ............................................................................................... 7 1.1.5.1.2. UMTS IC SIM (UICC) ....................................................................................... 8 1.1.5.1.3 UMTS SIM ........................................................................................................... 8 1.1.5.2 Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS ............................................................................ 8 1.1.5.2.1 B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) ................................................................... 9 1.1.5.2.2. Node B................................................................................................................. 9 1.1.5.3 Mng li ................................................................................................................ 10 1.1.5.3.1 Nt h tr GPRS phc v (SGSN)..................................................................... 10 1.1.5.3.2. Nt h tr cng GPRS ( GGSN) ....................................................................... 10 1.1.5.3.3. Cng bin gii BG ........................................................................................... 10 1.1.5.3.4 B ghi nh v tm tr ....................................................................................... 11 1.1.5.3.5. Mobile switching center MSC .......................................................................... 11 1.1.5.3.6. GMSC ............................................................................................................... 11 1.1.5.3.7. Mi trng nh ................................................................................................. 11 1.1.5.4 Cc giao din ......................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Gii thiu bi ton ti u v cc KPI trong mng 3G ................................................. 13 1.2.1 Mc ch ca ti u .................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2 L do ca cng vic ti u ha ................................................................................ 13 1.2.3 Li ch ca cng vic ti u ha .............................................................................. 14 1.3. Khi qut chung v cc KPI mng 3G - UMTS ......................................................... 14 1.3.1. nh ngha, c im v mc ch ca vic s dng KPI ...................................... 14 1.3.2. Phn loi cc KPI ................................................................................................... 15 1.3.3. Cc b m ............................................................................................................. 16 1.3.4. Quy trnh ti u mng ............................................................................................. 17 1.3.5. Th tc ti u mng 3G UMTS .............................................................................. 18 1.3.5.1. Cng tc chun b ................................................................................................. 18 1.3.5.2 Tp hp d liu ..................................................................................................... 18 1.3.5.3. nh hng v phn tch d liu .......................................................................... 19 1.3.5.4. Thi hnh cc thit k ti u ................................................................................. 20 1.3.5.5. Cng nhn thit k ti u ..................................................................................... 21 1.3.5.6. Bin son bo co ti u ...................................................................................... 21 CHNG 2: CC GIAO THC V K THUT CHNH TRONG 3G ........................ 22 2.1 Cc giao thc trong 3G UMTS ................................................................................ 22 2.1.1 Cc lp giao thc .................................................................................................... 22 SVTH: Phm Ngc Li Lp: 08VTA1 Trang 1
2.1.1.1 Lp iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (RRC) ......................................................... 22 2.1.1.2 iu khin lin kt v tuyn (RLC) ...................................................................... 23 2.1.1.3 iu khin truy nhp mi trng (MAC) ............................................................ 24 2.1.2. Cc knh WCDMA ................................................................................................. 24 2.1.2.1 Cc knh logic, LoCH: .......................................................................................... 25 2.1.2.2. Cc knh truyn ti, TrCH ................................................................................... 25 2.1.2.3 Cc knh vt l: ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Cc k thut chnh s dng trong 3G - UMTS ........................................................... 29 2.2.1 Tri ph .................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1.1 Cc loi m trong k thut tri ph ....................................................................... 30 2.2.2 iu khin cng sut WCDMA .............................................................................. 31 2.2.2.1 iu khin cng sut vng h (OLPC) ................................................................ 32 2.2.2.2 iu khin cng sut vng lp ng (CLPC) ...................................................... 33 2.2.2.2.1. iu khin cng sut vng trong (Nhanh): ....................................................... 33 2.2.2.2.2. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi (Chm): ........................................................ 34 2.2.3 Chuyn giao trong WCDMA .................................................................................. 34 2.2.3.1 Chuyn giao mm (SHO) ...................................................................................... 36 2.2.3.2 Chuyn giao cng (HHO) ..................................................................................... 37 2.2.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng (IHO) .................................................................. 38 CHNG 3: TI U MNG 3G UMTS ............................................................................ 39 3.1 Ni dung ca chng .................................................................................................. 39 3.2. Ti u t l rt cuc gi (CDR) ................................................................................. 39 3.2.2. Gii thiu KPI t l rt cuc gi (CDR) ................................................................. 39 3.2.4. Phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy nn CDR cao v bin php khc phc ............ 42 3.2.4.1 Rt cuc gi do c vn v li thit b ............................................................... 42 3.2.4.2. Rt cuc gi do vn chuyn giao .................................................................... 44 3.2.4.3. Rt cuc gi lin quan n vn vng ph ....................................................... 47 3.2.4.4. Rt cuc gi do nghn.......................................................................................... 48 3.2.4.5. Rt cuc gi do xung t m xo trn (SC)......................................................... 48 3.2.4.6. Rt cuc gi do vn nhim hoa tiu (Pilot pollution) ................................. 49 3.2.4.7. Rt cuc gi do vn v nhiu .......................................................................... 50 3.2.4.8. Rt cuc gi do bn knh phc v ca cell qu ln ............................................ 51 3.2.4.9. Rt cuc gi do cc tham s ca h thng 2G ..................................................... 52 3.3. Ti u t l thnh cng thit lp cuc gi (CSSR) ................................................... 53 3.3.1. Gii thiu KPI t l thnh cng thit lp cuc gi (CSSR) .................................. 53 3.3.3. Ti u CSSR .......................................................................................................... 56 3.3.3.1. V vn li phn cng ...................................................................................... 56 3.3.3.2. V vn nhiu ng ln.................................................................................. 59 3.3.3.3. Cc vn thng gp ......................................................................................... 59
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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN MNG 3G UMTS V BI TON TI U 1.1 Tng quan mng 3G - UMTS 1.1.1 Lch s pht trin ca thng tin di ng
Th h u tin l mng thng tin di ng t bo tng t xut hin t gia nm 1970 cho n gia nm 1980. t ph quan trong nht trong thi gian ny l khi nim mng t bo c xut bi phng nghin cu Bell t nhng nm 1970. H thng mng t bo c thc hin bng cch ti s dng tn s do lm tng dung lng h thng. Th d v h thng thng tin di ng th h u c th k n h thng in thoi di ng tin tin (AMPS) v phin bn pht trin v sau TACS ca M, NMT ca Bc u (Hnh 1.1).
thng tin di ng th h th hai c th k n l GSM v IS-95. Ti Chu u, h thng ton cu cho thng tin di ng (GSM) c trin khai, s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA). GSM h tr tc d liu 64 kbps v c th kt ni vi ISDN. GSM s dng di tn 900 MHz trong khi h thng DCS1800 s dng di tn 1800 MHz. H thng GSM s dng phng thc song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD) v TDMA. Mi knh c rng 200 kHz, mi mt sng mang gm 8 khe thi gian nn trong h thng GSM c tt c 125 sng mang hay 1000 khe thi gian. H thng in thoi di dng tin tin s (DAMPS), cn c gi l IS-54, s dng bng tn 800 MHz l tiu chun t bo s u tin ti Bc M, s dng cng ngh TDMA. Tiu chun t bo s cn li Bc M l IS-95, s dng ti bng tn 800 MHz hoc 1900 MHz, s dng cng ngh CDMA v tr thnh s la chn hng u gia cc cng ngh ca cc mng h thng di ng c nhn (PCS) ti M. Do cc h thng thng tin di ng th hai tp trung vo truyn dn cc dch v thoi v dch v d liu tc thp, nn h thng thng tin di ng th h 2,5 xut hin vo nm 1996 nhm cung cp cc dch v truyn dn tc trung bnh cn thit. C th k n GPRS v IS-95B. H thng CDMA c dung lng rt ln, nu so snh vi h thng tng t c th gp 10 ln, thm ch 20 ln. Nhng cng ngh CDMA bng hp i vo hot ng ti thi im mun hn so vi GSM. ng dng ca CDMA lc thua xa GSM. Cc ng dng CDMA c thc hin thng mi quy m ln ti Bc M, Hn Quc v Trung Quc. Cc dch v chnh vn tp trung vo thoi v dch v d liu thp. H thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 c th cung cp nhiu loi dch v a phng tin cht lng cao, chuyn vng ton cu v xem nh vng ph sng khng c ranh gii, tng thch hu ht vi cc mng in thoi c nh, thc hin lin lc ti bt k thi im v thi gian no vi thit b u cui di ng.
1.1.2 S tin ha i ln 3G
H thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 c xy dng vi mc ch cung cp mt mng di ng ton cu vi dch v phong ph bao gm thoi, nhn tin, Internet v d liu bng rng. Ti Chu u, h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 c tiu chun ha bi U ban tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI) ph hp vi tiu chun IMT - 2000 ca ITU. H thng c tn l UMTS (H thng di ng vin thng ton cu). UMTS c xem l h thng k tha h thng 2G GSM nhm p ng cc yu cu pht trin ca cc dch v di ng v ng dng Internet vi tc truyn dn ln ti 2 Mbps v cung cp mt tiu chun chuyn vng ton cu. UMTS c pht trin bi d n i tc th h th ba (3GPP) l d n pht trin chung ca nhiu c quan tiu chun ha (SDO) nh: ETSI (Chu u), ARIB/TCC (Nht Bn), ANSI (M), TTA (Hn Quc) v CWTS (Trung Quc).
Hi ngh v tuyn th gii nm 1992 a ra cc ph tn s dng cho h thng UMTS (Hnh 1.2).
Hnh 1.2 Cp pht ph tn trong 3G Ti Vit Nam, cng ngh 3G UMTS s dng bng tn s theo chun IMT 2000 trong bng tn s 1900 2200 MHz. Bng tn ng ln 1920 1980 MHz v bng tn ng xung 2110 2170 MHz. Mi mt tn s sng mang c bng thng 5 MHz v khong cch song cng 190 MHz. S knh tn s v tuyn tuyt i (URAFCN) = Tn s trung tm 5 v tn s trung tm = URAFCN 200 kHz (200 kHz l mnh knh). URAFCN ng ln t 9612 9888 v ng xung 10562 10838 (Hnh 1.3).
Hnh 1.4 Cc loi dch v trong 3G Ni v dch v ca UMTS, Hnh 1.4 cho chng ta thy tt c. Vi s ra i ca WCDMA, h thng UMTS cho php trin khai tt c cc loi dch v trn mi trng v tuyn. UMTS chia cc dch v c h tr thnh 4 lp nh sau: - Lp cao nht l lp m thoi (Conversational class): c im ca lp ny yu cu dch v phi m bo c sai lch v thi gian ca thng tin gia bn gi v bn nhn (variation), ng thi yu cu v tr rt kht khe. Cc dch v ca nhm ny nh thoi (voice), hi ngh hnh nh, video game... - Lp th hai l lp lung (Streaming class): vi lp ny khng yu cu kht khe v tr nhng bt buc phi m bo c sai lch v thi gian ca thng tin l nh nhau (variation). Cc dch v ca lp ny nh streaming multimedia, video on demand... - Lp th ba l lp tng tc (Interactive class): cc dch v lp ny yu cu phi m bo c tnh tng tc ca ng dng v ton vn d liu. C th k n cc dch v nh duyt web, tr chi online... - Lp cui cng l lp nn (background): c im ca lp ny yu cu tnh ton vn d liu nhng khng yu cu v mt thi gian. Cc ng dng nh ti file, c emails...
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UE bao gm ba thit b: thit b u cui (TE), thit b di ng (ME) v module nhn dng thu bao UMTS ( USIM: UMTS Subscriber Identity Module). UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn ( RNS: Radio Network System) v mi RNS bao gm cc RNC ( Radio Network Controller: b iu khin mng v tuyn) v cc node B ni vi n. Mng li CN bao gm min chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v HE ( Home Environment: mi trng nh). HE bao gm cc c s d liu: AuC ( Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc), HLR ( Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr) v EIR ( Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b)
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hai l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc card thng minh. Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui c rt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi tun theo mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bng cc u cui khc nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c s theo cng mt cch. Cc tiu chun ny gm: Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh) ng k mt khu mi Thay i m PIN Gii chn PIN/PIN2 (PUK) Trnh by IMEI
iu khin cuc gi Cc phn cn li ca giao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s dng s chn cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko di) l thit k v giao din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh nt chm), cc phm v menu.
giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC v nt B.
1.1.5.2.2. Node B
Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui.
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1.1.5.3 Mng li
Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP.
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1.1.5.3.4 B ghi nh v tm tr
VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca HLR cho mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng. Cc s liu c lu trong VLR: IMSI MSISDN TMSI (nu c) LA hin thi ca thu bao MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp. C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th c gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC.
1.1.5.3.7. Mi trng nh
Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca hng khai thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm u c lit k y. B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng. C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN: s thu bao c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin c lu khc. nh tuyn v tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu
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gi thng tin v SGSN v VLR no hin ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn hng cuc gi, tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch dch v nh cc hn ch chuyn mng. HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao. Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trng nht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng. Trung tm nhn thc (AuC) AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin cn m bo rng AuC ch cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV: Authetication Vector) cho HLR. AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc hm to kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi SGSN/VLR yu cu hay khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr. B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR) EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun.
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ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN. Giao din Iur: y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau: - Di ng gia cc RNC - Lu thng knh ring - Lu thng knh chung - Qun l ti nguyn ton cc Giao din Iub: Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l giao din m.
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Do lu lng ngy cng tng, cu trc mng thay i nhanh chng v ngy cng phc tp.
Vic kim tra cc KPI cho mt mng l mt chc nng ca cng vic qun l cht lng mng hng ngy. Vic kim tra ny s cho nh vn hnh cc thng tin lin quan n vic mng ang thc hin chc nng ca n nh th no: Mng c p ng y cc yu cu cht lng khng? Cht lng mng c thay i khng? Tng ln hay gim i? Khu vc gp s c u? gp phi nhng loi vn g? Cch thc o c KPI: Cc o lng KPI c th c tp hp bng cch c ch ng ln b ng. Kim tra ch ng bao gm vic s dng mt cch ch ng mt dch v xc nh (v ch mt dch v ) ti mt thi im cho trc v c lng cht lng ca n. t c cc kt qu r rng, rt quan trng phi gii hn cc kim tra vi mt khung thi gian b hn ch v gi mi trng mng mt cch n nh nht c th trong khi thc hin. X l s c v ti u nn c phn bit vi o lng KPI. u im ca kim tra ch ng l n sinh ra thng tin c tnh c trng cao. Kim tra b ng ngha l thng k tt c lu lng thu bao v vic s dng dch v c kim sot mt cch lin tc trong cc nt mng, c th c thc hin vi s h tr ca cc cng c phn mm dnh ring cho cc o lng b ng. Vi cch tip cn ny tht d dng thu thp mt s lng d liu ln, tuy nhin s khng bit c nhiu v tng trng hp ring s dng dch v (khng c thng tin trong ti cell, loi RAB c s dng...).
- Nhm KPI kh nng duy tr dch v: l kh nng ca mt dch v mt khi t c c th tip tc c cung cp di cc iu kin cho trc trong khong thi gian c yu cu. V d cc nh vn hnh phi theo di t l rt cuc gi (CDR). - Nhm KPI tnh di ng dch v: ch ra kh nng cung cp cc dch v mt cch lin tc. V d nh vn hnh phi theo di t l thnh cng chuyn giao mm, t l thnh cng chuyn giao lin tn s. Phn loi theo i tng o lng Theo cch phn loi ny, cc KPI c chia thnh 2 nhm l: - Nhm KPI mc RNC s dng gim st trng thi vn hnh v cht lng ton din ca mng. - Nhm KPI mc cell c s dng gim st trng thi vn hnh v cht lng ca mi cell trong mng. Phn loi theo phng thc thu thp d liu x c nh KPI Theo cch phn loi ny KPI c chia thnh 2 nhm l: Cc KPI c xc nh bng qu trnh drive test v CQT. Cc KPI ly t h thng OSS-RC.
1.3.3. Cc b m
Nh c trnh by trn. Cc b m l cc chng trnh c t vo phn mm ca cc thit b trong mng nh Node B, RNC, OSS-RC... Chng m cc s kin xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh ca mng v d: s ln c gng thit lp, c li thit lp, hay thnh cng thit lp kt ni v tuyn. Cc KPI c tnh ton trn c s d liu ca cc b m t h tr tt vic qun l, x l s c v ci thin cht lng mng. Mi nh cung cp thit b c mt k hiu b m ring v ngha ca chng cng khc nhau. K hiu b m c ghi u tin trong tn b m. V d: Huawei k hiu b m l VS, Erisson k hiu b m l PS. Cc b m c ba thuc tnh sau: i tng o lng: ch ra th tc hoc thut ton, nh thit lp kt ni RRC hay gii phng RAB. H thng o lng: ch ra phm vi o lng, vi phm vi rng l mc RNC v phm vi hp l mc Cell. Dch v c o lng: ch ra loi dch v c o lng nh: cc dch v AMR, dch v PS, dch v CS. Bng 1.2 cho v d d liu thng k c o vo ngy 1/3/2011 trong d n ti u cht lng dch v 3G ti khu vc Ngh An. Thc hin o ti RNC c tn l RCPD05. Trong : RAB Congestion: m s ln RAB b tc nghn. RAB Est Att: S ln khi to kt ni RAB.
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RAB Est Success: S ln khi to kt ni RAB thnh cng. SHO Attempt: S ln c gng chuyn giao mm. Call Attempt: s ln c gng thit lp cuc gi Call Drop: s cuc gi b rt. HHO att: S ln c gng thc hin chuyn giao cng HHO Success: S ln thc hin chuyn giao cng thnh cng HHOSR: t l thnh cng chuyn giao cng CS InRAT HO Attempt: s ln c gng thc hin chuyn giao gia cc h thng khc nhau min chuyn mch knh.
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1.3.5.2 Tp hp d liu
Mc tiu Tp hp d liu mng cho cc phn tch v nh hng cc vn . Ni dung lm vic Thu thp d liu CQT, Driving test. Thu thp d liu OMC. Thu thp cc than phin ca ngi dng.
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Thu thp d liu cnh bo. Thu thp d liu bm bo hiu. Ni dung c th Thu thp d liu Driving test: s dng cc my qut v UE ghi d liu ca c ng ln v ng xung, c gng trnh kim tra lp li. S dng cc my qut thu thp cng sut hoa tiu, Ec/Io, cng sut pht UE, cc cell hng xm, RSSI, v FER/BLER... Thc hin kim tra cht lng cuc gi (CQT): kim tra vic truy cp v m thoi c bnh thng khng thng qua kim tra quay s. CQT trong min CS bao gm: t l thnh cng tm gi, t l rt cuc gi, t l QoS ti v tr tm gi trung bnh. Cc thnh phn ca CQT trong min PS bao gm: t l thnh cng thm nhp, t l thnh cng kch hot 6 phin PDP, thi gian kch hot trung bnh phin PDP, t l rt cuc gi, tc truyn d liu trung bnh ng ln. Thu thp d liu OMC: p dng cho giai on ti u duy tr vn hnh c thc hin c bng vic s dng bo co mc nh v bng vic hi ngu nhin d liu thng k h thng trong khung thi gian khc nhau. Thu thp than phin ca ngi dng: p dng cho giai on ti u duy tr v vn hnh. Cc than phin ca ngi dng l tri nghim ca chnh h v thng c km theo vic m t mng v thng tin a l. Cc than phin s c x l mt cch cn thn bng phng php phn loi. Thu thp d liu cnh bo: phng thit b OMC c trang b cc hp cnh bo v phn ng nhanh s a ra cc cnh bo ca h thng. Thu thp d liu bm bo hiu: l phng php thng c s dng trong qu trnh ti u c th c thc hin trn c UE v RNC. D liu c thu thp trong UE l bo hiu giao din v tuyn v d liu c tp hp trong RNC c phm vi rng m c th c phn loi thnh a ngi dng, n ngi dng v ngi dng trong mt cell c bit trong RNC.
Cc phn tch bo hiu. C c phng ph p phn tch d liu thng c s dng: Cc phn tch a chiu - phn tch d liu t nhiu kh nng khc nhau. V d: nh vn rt cuc gi th c nguyn nhn khc nhau g? Cc phn tch xu hng - kt lun t xu hng thay i theo thi gian a ra cc ch dn. V d: xu hng t l rt cuc gi theo thi gian c minh ho trong (Hnh 1.7).
Hnh 1.7 Biu xu hng ca t l rt cuc gi theo thi gian Cc phn tch thng thng - tm ra d liu thng thng bao gm cc bin i qu ln, qu thp v tm ra thng tin v cc nguyn nhn. Cc phn tch tng phn - to ra s tng phn t tp d liu khc nhau t cng mt kh nng v tm ra s khc bit. Cc phn tch nh hng v nguyn nhn - vi mt kt qu c trng, chng ta s o su cc nhn t v phn tch mc quan trng ca cc nhn t khc nhau hoc kt hp chng li. Qua vic phn tch cc thng k cht lng OMC, cc KPI ca cell, ca mt v tr, ca mng c th thu c v cc vn ch yu trong mng c th c xc nh. Tt c cc vic trn s kt hp vi vic phn tch d liu Drive test, d liu kim tra quay s (CQT), cc phn tch bo hiu c trng v cc than phin ngi dng s nh hng c vn gip cho vic tm ra cc phng php x l s c t a ra k hoch iu chnh ti u mng phc v cho giai on trin khai ti u.
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nhm lin quan. Cc thnh phn c iu chnh phi trnh by mt cch r rng. V d, cell 1011 thm vo mt cell hng xm c ID l 1042. Cc yu cu iu chnh c gi ti phng thit b OMC trong sut qa trnh Drive test s c ghi li mt cch chnh xc. Nu vic thi hnh yu cu ko theo i th ba v d nh i k thut iu chnh anten, lm mt bng ghi iu chnh ti u v in ra ba bn hai bn giao cho i k thut, qun l d n v gi li mt bn. nh gi nh hng sm sau khi thi hnh bn thit k ti u. Nu cn thit, khi phc li trng thi trc.
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CHNG 2: CC GIAO THC V K THUT CHNH TRONG 3G 2.1 Cc giao thc trong 3G UMTS 2.1.1 Cc lp giao thc
Hnh 2.1 Kin trc giao thc v tuyn WCDMA CP: Mt phng iu khin UP: Mt phng ngi s dng - Lp vt l h tr tt c cc chc nng yu cu truyn cc lung bit trn mi trng vt l. N cng chu trch nhim o c, v d nh t l li frame, t s tn hiu trn tp m, cng sut nhiu, cng sut phtv ch th ti lp cao hn. Mt cch c bn, lp vt l bao gm thc th qun tr lp 1, thc th knh vn chuyn v mt thc th knh vt l. - Lp 2 chu trch nhim cung cp cc chc nng nh nh x, m ha, truyn li v phn on. Gm c 4 lp con l iu khin truy nhp mi trng (MAC), iu khin lin kt v tuyn (RLC), giao thc hi t d liu gi (PDCP) v iu khin qung b/a phng (BMC). - Lp 3 c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C-Plane) v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng ngi dng. Trong mt phng iu khin lp 3 bao gm iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (RRC) kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao hn: qun l di ng (MM), qun l kt ni (CC), qun l di ng GPRS (GMM), qun l phin (SM) kt cui ti mng li (CN).
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thc UTRAN. Cc thut ton trong phm vi lp RRC c nh hng trc tip ln cht lng ca mng. Chc nng chnh ca lp RRC: - Thit lp, thit lp li, duy tr v gii thot mt kt ni RRC gia UE v UTRAN bao gm thit lp lin kt bo hiu lp 2, iu khin truy nhp, la chn li cell. Yu cu thit lp kt ni RRC c gi t UE. - Thit lp v gii thot vt mang v tuyn (RB), c th c nhiu vt mang v tuyn c thit lp cho mt UE ti cng mt thi im. Nhng vt mang ny c thit lp ph thuc vo cht lng dch v (QoS) c yu cu. RNC phi chu trch nhim m bo rng cht lng dch v yu cu phi t c. - Cp pht, tinh chnh v gii thot cc ti nguyn v tuyn cho kt ni RRC. X l vic cp pht cc ti nguyn v tuyn (m, cc knh chia s). RRC lin lc vi UE ch th cp pht ti nguyn mi khi chuyn giao c qun l. - Nhn gi, thng bo: RRC qung b thng tin nhn gi t mng ti cc UE. - Qung b thng tin c cung cp bi tng khng truy nhp (mng li) hoc tng truy nhp. y chnh l qung b thng tin h thng lp li mt cch nh k. - UE o c bo co v iu khin theo bo co: RRC ch th ci g cn phi o, khi no v nh th no bo co. - iu khin cng sut vng ngoi dng thit lp gi tr SNR ch. - iu khin m ha cung cp cc th tc thit lp m ha.
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Knh ng xung pht qung b Channel: Knh iu khin tm thng tin tm gi gi) CCCH (Common Control Channel: Knh iu khin chung) Knh hai chiu pht thng tin iu khin gia mng v cc UE. c s dng khi khng c kt ni RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt cell mi Knh hai chiu im n im pht thng tin iu khin ring gia UE v mng. c thit lp bi thit lp kt ni ca RRC Knh hai chiu im n im ring cho mt UE truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng. DTCH c th tn ti c ng ln ln ng xung Knh mt chiu im a im truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s dng cho tt c hay mt nhm ngi s dng quy nh hoc ch cho mt ngi s dng. Knh ny ch c ng xung.
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel: Knh iu khin ring). DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng TCH (Traffic Channel: Knh ring) lu lng) CTCH (Common Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng chung)
- DSCH (Down Link Shared Channel): Knh chia s ng xung - CPCH (Common Packet Channel): Knh gi chung. Knh ring ch c mt knh duy nht l DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring). Knh truyn ti chung c th c p dng cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong cell hoc cho mt ngi hoc nhiu ngi c th. Khi knh truyn ti chung c s dng pht thng tin cho tt c cc ngi s dng th knh ny khng cn c a ch. V d: knh BCH pht thng tin qung b cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong cell. Khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt ngi s dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (trong bn tin s c pht). Knh PCH l knh truyn ti chung c s dng tm gi mt UE c th s cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s dng bn trong bn tin pht. Danh sch cc knh truyn ti v ng dng ca chng dc cho bng di Bng 3.3. Danh sch cc knh truyn ti
Knh truyn ti
DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring) BCH (Broadcast Channel: Knh qung b) FACH (Forward Access Channel: Knh truy nhp ng xung) PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi) RACH (Random Access Channel) CPCH (Common Packet Channel: Knh gi chung) DSCH (Dowlink Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung)
ng dng
Knh hai chiu c s dng pht s liu ca ngi s dng. c n nh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh nng thay i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin qung b (chng hn thng tin h thng, thng tin cell) Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho nhiu UE. c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn Knh chung ng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi Knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu khin v s liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng truyn s liu thp ca ngi s dng Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc ht truyn s liu cm. Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu tc cao.
2.1.2.3 Cc knh vt l:
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh knh v c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel) bao gm cc knh vt l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt l chung (CPCH: Common Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt hnh 3.7 v bng 3.4.
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Hnh 3.7. Tng kt cc kiu knh vt l Bng 3.4. Danh sch cc knh vt l Tn knh DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel: Knh vt l ring) ng dng Knh hai chiu ng xung/ng ln c n nh ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring) v DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring). Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht mt DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu ngi s dng t lp cao hn Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt l ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH cha: cc k hiu hoa tiu, cc k hiu iu khin cng sut (TPC: Transmission Power Control), ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa tiu cho php my thu nh gi hng ng xung kim ca knh v tuyn v thc hin tch sng nht qun. TPC iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh cho c ng ln v ng xung. Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti RACH Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti CPCH Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh CPICH: PLp: 08VTA1 Trang 27
DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: Knh vt l s liu ring DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring)
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel: Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin) PCPCH (Physical Common Packet Channel: Knh vt l gi chung) CPICH (Common Pilot
SVTH: Phm Ngc Li
CPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH (Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m bo tham chun nht qun cho ton b cell UE thu c SCH, P-CCPCH, AICH v PICH v cc knh nay khng c hoa tiu ring nh cc trng hp knh DPCH. Knh S-CPICH m bo tham kho nht qun chung trong mt phn cell hoc on cell cho trng hp s dng anten thng minh c bp sng hp. Chng hn c th s dng S-CPICH lm tham chun cho S-CCPCH (knh mang cc bn tin tm gi) v cc knh DPCH ng xung. Knh chung ng xung. Mi cell c mt knh truyn BCH
P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp) S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp) SCH (Synchrronization Channel: Knh ng b) PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel: Knh vt l chia s ng xung) AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel: Knh ch th bt) PICH (Page Indication Channel: Knh ch th tm gi)
Knh chung ng xung. Mt cell c th c mt hay nhiu S-CCPCH. c s dng truyn PCH v FACH Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh SCH: SCH s cp v SCH th cp. Mi cell ch c mt SCH s cp v th cp. c s dng tm cell Knh chung ng xung. Mi cell c nhiu PDSCH (hoc khng c). c s dng mang knh truyn ti DSCH Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PRACH. c s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH. Knh chung ng xung i cp vi S-CCPCH (khi knh ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi cho tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn c thng bo ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui cuc gi th n s thu khung v tuyn trn S-CCPCH Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH
AP-AICH (Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel: Knh ch th bt tin t truy nhp) CD/CA-ICH (CPCH Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment Indicator Channel: Knh
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ch th pht hin va chm CPCH/n nh knh) CSICH (CPCH Status Indicator Channel: Knh ch th trng thi CPCH) Knh chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH
a 9
Hnh 2.3 Tng quan gia 2 tn hiu bt k Tng quan c s dng kim tra s ging v khc nhau gia 2 tn hiu thu c ty . N c tnh ton bng cch nhn hai tn hiu vi nhau v kt hp li. Hai tn hiu ca hnh 2.3a ging nhau nn tng quan gia chng l 1 hay 100%. Trong hnh 2.3b, 2 tn hiu khng tng quan, do bit c 1 trong 2 tn hiu khng cung cp bt k thng tin no cho tn hiu cn li.
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Hnh 2.4 Nguyn l tri ph Trong iu ch tri ph (Hnh 2.4) mi ngi s dng c pht mt chui m ring, chui m ny c s dng m ha tn hiu mang tin khi pht. Ti pha thu s tin hnh gii m tn hiu thu c bng chnh chui m ny. iu ny thc hin c l do tng quan cho gia m ca ngi s dng mong mun v m ca nhng ngi s dng khc rt thp. Do qu trnh m ha s tri rng ph ca tn hiu cn pht nn bng tn ca tn hiu m ln hn rt nhiu so vi bng tn ti thiu cn thit mang tin. V vy ngi ta gi phng php ny l iu ch tri ph, tn hiu thu c gi l tn hiu tri ph.
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Hnh 2.6 Cy m OVSF M xo trn: c s dng sau v b sung cho cc m tri (OVSF). D liu c tri ti mt tc chip l 3,84 Mcps sau xo trn bng thng khng b thay i. Mc ch ch yu ca xo trn l phn bit cc ngi dng trn ng ln v cc cell (trm gc) trn ng xung. Cc m xo trn c s dng l cc m gi tp m c gi l cc m vng. Trn ng xung cc m xo trn c chia thnh 512 nhm, mi nhm c mt m xo trn cp 1 v 15 m xo trn cp 2. Theo nguyn tc th c 8192 m xo trn c th c s dng trn ng xung. Trn ng ln c tt c 224 m xo trn. Cc m ng ln c chia thnh cc m ngn v cc m di. Nh vy cc m phn knh tri cc symbol d liu thnh cc chip c tc 3.84 Mcps v cc m xo trn khng lm tng bng thng ca tn hiu m ch tin hnh xo trn phn bit cc UE trn ng ln, cc cell trn ng xung. Mt ngi dng trn ng ln c th c nhiu m phn knh nhng ch c duy nht mt m xo trn, tng t trn ng xung cell ch c 1 m xo trn duy nht v cung cp cho mi UE mt hay nhiu m phn knh OVSF.
mc tn hiu gn bng nhau. lm c iu ny, trong h thng UMTS, t s tn hiu trn nhiu c quan tm mt cch t bit. y cng chnh l thng s gip h thng t iu chnh cng sut m bo tiu ch ra. Ta s thy t s ny c s dng nh th no trong cc th tc iu khin cng sut vng trong nhanh (Inner Loop), vng h (Open Loop), vng ngoi (Outer Loop) c UE, Node B v RNC thc hin trong c hai hng ln v xung. - iu khin cng sut vng h ch c s dng trong hai trng hp: khi to cng sut truyn m u ca knh PRACH v knh DPCCH/ DPDCH. - iu khin cng sut vng kn ch c p dng cho hai knh DPCCH v DPDCH. - i vi cc knh vt l chung th iu khin cng sut khng c p dng do chng s dng lng cng sut pht c nh (dBm) trong cng sut pht ca knh PCPICH l c nh v cng sut pht cc knh cn li tham chiu theo knh PCPICH (dB). Bng 2.4 iu khin cng sut c thc hin trn cc knh vt l Knh vt l iu khin cng sut vng h Vng trong DPDCH DPCCH SCH PCCPCH SCCPCH PRACH AICH PICH x x x x x x x x x x x iu khin cng sut vng kn Vng ngoi x x x x x x Khng iu khin cng sut x x x
ng khng tng quan vi nhau do iu khin cng sut vng h khng tuyt i chnh xc. Xt trng hp cho hng ln: iu khin cng sut vng h c s dng khi UE ln u tin truy cp h thng. Ti thi im UE c lng cng sut yu cu nh nht cn cho mng thu c tn hiu ca n trong iu kin khng c phn hi UE tng hoc gim cng sut. iu khin cng sut vng h da trn cc tnh ton tn hao ng truyn trn ng xung v t s tn hiu trn nhiu yu cu. Trong th tc truy cp ngu nhin, UE thit lp cng sut pht tin t u tin nh sau: Preamble_Initial_power = CPICH_Tx_power CPICH_RSCP+ UL_interference +UL_required_CI Trong CPICH_Tx_Power - CPICH_RSCP l c tnh suy hao ng truyn t Node B n UE, CPICH_Tx_power l cng sut pht ca P_CPICH, CPICH_RSCP l cng sut P_CPICH thu ti UE, UL_interference (gi l tng cng sut thu bng rng) c o ti Node B v c pht qung b trn BCH, UL_required_CI l hng s tng ng vi t s tn hiu trn nhiu c thit lp trong qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn. Nhng nh vy ta t ra cu hi nu UE c lp i lp li pht i phn m u m vn khng thu c phn hi trn knh AICH, n lc cng sut pht ca UE cc i gy nhiu n nhiu ngi dng khc m Node B vn khng ch th th gii quyt th no. Tht may trong WCDMA c quy nh sn thi gian gia hai ln pht m u truy cp, s ln tng cng sut cc i. Nu vt qu s ln tng cng sut cc i hoc cng sut UE ln nht th mng s ra quyt nh xa b IMSI hay TMSI ca UE ra khi HLR v cuc gi n UE ny coi nh UE ang tt my.
ln sau UE s pht tn hiu vi cng sut Pw=Pw-). Ngc li nu SIR_estimated nh hn, Node B s gi thng ip tng cng sut mt lng vi trng TPC=1 trong DPCCH. Vic ny din ra rt nhanh 1500 ln/s, b tr cho cc iu kin fainh thay i nhanh. PC ng ln vt qua nh hng ca hiu ng gn-xa, nhm tit kim cng sut UE. PC ng xung tit kim cng sut Node B v gim nhiu cho cc Node B khc. Vy ta gi s UE pht ti a cng sut m tn hin Node B nhn c vn b li (trong trng hp ny Node B pht hin CRC trong thng tin nhn c) th nh th no v cuc gi b rt khng. May mn l UMTS c h tr th tc khc hn ch nhng bt li trong trng hp ny, c gi l iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln c thc hin gia Node B v RNC nhm iu chnh li mc SIR_target ti RNC (nu c).
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RNC qun l hai tp hp cell tng ng phc v qu trnh di chuyn ca UE, l Active Set v Monitored Set. - Active Set l tp hp cc cell s tr thnh primary cell ca UE khi qu trnh chuyn giao thc hin thnh cng (cng chnh l cc ng c vin c la chn thc hin th tc chuyn giao). - Monitored Set l tp hp cc cell c UE o kim cht lng lin tc nh gi cht lng v quyt nh xem cell c th l ng c vin cho qa trnh chuyn giao hay khng (c iu kin tr thnh cell trong Active Set hay khng). Ban u Monitored Set l danh sch cc cell hng xm ca cell chnh c khai bo. Sau Monitored Set c th c thay i v m rng ty theo thut ton c s dng thnh lp Monitored Set. Khi UE kt ni vi mt cell no (primary cell), RNC s gi thng ip yu cu UE o kim cht lng ca cc cell trong Monitored Set. Ngoi vic cp nht thng xuyn cc thng tin v cc cell ny cho RNC, UE cn kch hot cc s kin yu cu RNC thm vo mt cell trong Active Set (s kin 1A), lai b mt cell t Active Set (s kin 1B) hoc thay th mt cell trong Active Set (s kin 1C) ty thuc vo cht lng o c so snh vi ngng (Ec/No v RSCP) c RNC gi xung trong thng ip yu cu o kim. iu kin thm, b mt cell trong Active Set (Hnh 2.7). Trong UMTS ta c chuyn giao mm (SHO), chuyn giao cng (HHO) v chuyn giao gia cc h thng khc nhau (IHO). Trong i vi SHO kt ni mi c thit lp trc khi kt ni c b loi b, cn HHO kt ni mi thit lp sau khi kt ni c b loi b. Hay ni mt cch khc vi SHO cc UE c th c nhiu kt ni v tuyn trong Active Set trong khi HHO ti mi thi im ch c mt v ch mt kt ni v tuyn vi mng.
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S kin 1A
S kin 1B
Hnh 2.7 Cc s kin chuyn giao WCDMA 2.2.3.1 Chuyn giao mm (SHO)
Khi khai bo mt cell mi trn mng, ta lun thit lp cho cell mt danh sch cc hng xm ca n. Khi UE kt ni n mt cell no h tr SHO, RNC s gi thng ip yu cu o kim cht lng tn hiu n UE. Hai thng s yu cu c o kim l RSCP v Ec/No. Trong thng ip ny RNC s cho UE bit ngng trn v ngng di ca hai thng s ny thc hin qu trnh cp nht cht lng theo cc s kin 1A, 1B Sau khi gi thng ip kch hat vic o kim cho SHO. RNC s gi cho UE danh sch cc cell (danh sch cc m xo trn) cn c o kim (Monitored Set). UE tin hnh vic o kim v gi bo co nh k v cho RNC. Tuy nhin khi pht hin cell c cht lng tt hn ngng, UE s kch hat gi thng ip 1A v RNC yu cu RNC cp nht cell vo trong AS. Khi nhn c yu cu ny, RNC kim tra v gi li thng ip xc nhn thm cell vo AS, ng thi tnh ton li danh sch cc cell trong UE da vo AS mi, sau gi xung yu cu UE o kim cht lng theo danh sch mi ny. Tng t, khi UE pht hin cell c cht lng xu
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hn ngng, n s kch hot gi thng ip 1B yu cu xa cell ra khi AS. Sau khi AS thay i, MS c cp nht li v gi xung cho UE. Ta thy SHO lin quan mt thit n tp AS, v vy khi xc nh cc cht lng mng lin quan n SHO ta thng tp trung xem xt cc vn ca AS. V cng cn nhn mnh rng mt cell c th tr thnh thnh vin ca AS, n phi c mt trong UE. UE li lin quan mt thit n danh sch cc hng xm ca cc cell. V vy cng tc quy hach cell hng xm rt quan trng trong vn ny. Tuy nhin, nh ni phn trn, UE c xy dng da trn thut ton c ci t, v vy m cc nh cung cp thit b thng ci tin sn phm ca h thng qua cc thut ton ny nhm ti thiu nh hng ca vic khai bo nhn cng danh sch hng xm n vic xy dng UE. iu ny rt quan trng khi vn hnh v pht trin mng, hy hnh dung trng hp mng ang hat ng v ta cn thm cc cell mi vo mng th lc ny vic qui hach v khai bo hng xm cho cell l kh phc tp c th nh hng n UE v SHO. Chnh v vy nu gim thiu c nhng tc ng ca vic khai bo nhn cng, th vic nh hng ti SHO trong trng hp ny gim ng k. Tuy nhin vic c nhiu kt ni vi mng cng l mt khuyt im, l gy nn hin tng nhim hoa tiu v cng gy lng ph ti nguyn ca h thng do vic s dng ti nguyn lp vt l d tha t cc cell ln cn. 2.2.3.2 Chuyn giao cng (HHO) Tng t nh SHO, trong lc ang hot ng UE lun o kim v gi bo co cht lng tn hiu v cho RNC thng qua hai thng s RSCP v Ec/No ca tn s ang hat ng. Nu nh cell c cu hnh cho php HHO gia cc tn s khc nhau th cc mc ngng ca RSCP v Ec/No phi c thng bo cho UE bi RNC sau khi cuc gi c thit lp. Trong qu trnh o kim, nu nh cht lng ca tn hiu thp hn mc ngng cho php, UE s kch hot s kin 2D bo v cho RNC. Sau khi nhn c tn hiu ca s kin 2D, RNC cng kch hot mt b m thi gian k t khi s kin 2D c pht hin. Nu trong khong thi gian ny, RNC nhn c s kin 2F c gi bi UE bo tn hiu tt tr li (vt trn mc c khai bo), b nh thi s b xa b. Ngc li, khi b nh thi kt thc m khng c tn hiu 2F, RNC s gi thng ip kch hat ch nn (Compress Mode) cho php o kim cht lng ca tn hiu khc tn s. Cn ch c im ny, cc UE ch c th o kim cc tn s khc khi bc vo ch nn. ch ny, d liu truyn i c
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nn li c mt khong thi gian ri cho php o kim tn s khc (trong tc d liu khng thay i). ng thi RNC cng gi danh sch cc cell cn o kim cho HHO xung UE yu cu o kim cht lng. Mt khi kt qu o kim sn sng v RNC vn khng nhn c tn hiu 2F, qu trnh HHO s xy ra. Tt cc cc cell c cht lng tt hn cell hin ti u tr thnh ng c vin cho HHO, cell c chn s l cell c cht lng tt nht. Phi ch n hiu ng ping-pong lm cho UE chuyn giao cng khi di chuyn trong v ngoi bin gii ca cell, ngha l khng cn bit l do l g, c h thy cng trng UE nhn c thp l n thc hin chuyn giao ngay, i lc do hiu ng mng chn nn sng m UE nhn c yu v n s mnh tr li ngay khi UE di chuyn lch qua min b che khut , nhng hiu ng ping-pong li khng bit iu , c h thy yu l n chuyn giao. T phi ti ra mt d tr D hay cn gi l tr hon chuyn giao, ngha l khi cng trng ca UE nhn c yu th n s c mt khong thi gian tr hon sau mi thc hin chuyn giao. Nn d tr D cng ln th nh hng ca hiu ng ping-pong cng gim. Tuy nhin nu d tr ln qu th iu ny cng ng ngha vi tr hon tng ln. Hn na UE cng s gy thm nhiu i vi cc cell ln cn. Do i vi chuyn giao cng th d tr D l kh quan trng. 2.2.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng (IHO) Vi cc cell c h tr c HHO3G3G v HHO3G2G th ty thuc vo thng s c cu hnh s cho php u tin thc hin lai HHO no trc. Sau khi chn c cell thc hin HHO, RNC s lin h vi ch qun ca cell (DRNC hoc BSC thng qua MSC) yu cu thc hin HHO qua cell mi. Sau khi c chp nhn, SRNC s gi thng ip cho UE yu cu thc hin kt ni vi cell mi v ch qun mi, ng thi xa kt ni ti UE, gii phng ti nguyn.
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Hnh 3.1 im o lng KPI CDR Nh ta thy, khi mt cuc gi kt thc bnh thng, RNC s nhn c thng ip yu cu gii phng kt nt t mng li, sau gi thng ip kt thc cho UE. Sau khi UE xc nhn, th tc gii phng ti nguyn v tuyn mi tht s bt u bng vic Node B nhn yu cu t RNC v thc hin th tc gii phng kt ni. Tuy nhin trong trng hp UE b rt mng, Node B s khng pht hin c tn hiu ng b ca UE. Node B s gi thng ip cnh bo n RNC v s c kt ni v tuyn b hng. RNC s gi yu cu gii phng kt ni n mng li. Nh vy r rng ta thy chc nng ca RNC trong 2 trng hp l khc nhau. iu kin bnh thng, RNC ch yu cu gii phng kt ni v ngc li RNC s yu cu gii phng kt ni khi c li xy ra. Da vo vai tr ca RNC v cc thng ip ca n ta c th xc nh c cuc gi no b rt v c c t l rt cuc gi qua cc s liu thng k.
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YES
L do bi vn chuyn giao
NO
YES S
L do gy bi nhiu
YES S
Kt thc
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1. Phn tch t l rt cuc gi mc RNC. 2. Phn tch t l rt cuc gi mc cell gm t l rt AMR, t l rt cuc gi hnh nh, t l rt cuc gi min chuyn mch gi, t l rt cuc gi do chuyn giao cng, chuyn giao gia cc h thng vi nhau s c phn tch. Sp xp tt c cc cell bng cch s dng cc ch s trn v chn ra cc cell vi hiu sut ti nht v tm ra nguyn nhn. 3. Xem xt cc cell bt thng. Kim tra cc cnh bo ca cell v loi b cc nguyn nhn gy ra s bt thng ny. 4. Phn tch l do rt cuc gi. Nu tn hiu bo li l UciuError v li lin kt v tuyn v nguyn nhn l khng khi phc li c kt ni RRC (li RB1, RB4 v RB5 trn) n c th b gy ra bi cc vn v vng ph. Phn tch cc ch s chuyn giao (t l thnh cng chuyn giao n v chuyn giao i) ca cell v chc chn rng rt cuc gi c phi do li chuyn giao hay khng. Thng qua cc ch s c phn tch lin quan n cng sut thu c trn ng ln trong khung thi gian rt cuc gi cao s nhn bit c c phi rt cuc gi gy bi nhiu ng ln cao hay khng. 5. Thc hin xc nh v tr ca vn bng cch thc hin Drive test. Khi d liu OMCR-R khng gii quyt vn rt cuc gi, Drive test s c thc hin, bm theo lung lu lng ca UE v RNC. C nhng nguyn nhn khc nhau gy nn rt cuc gi v cc gii php cng rt khc nhau. Hu ht c lit k trn Hnh 3.2. Rt cuc gi l tri nghim chnh xc ca ngi dng v s c rt nhiu l do, do s quan tm s c ch trng vo t l rt cuc gi v lm gim n n mc c th chp nhn c.
3.2.4. Phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy nn CDR cao v bin php khc phc 3.2.4.1 Rt cuc gi do c vn v li thit b
Nguyn nhn: Do li phn cng ca UE, Node B, RNC, li phn truyn dn, li anten, li fi Khc phc: Vi cc vn v phn cng thit b mng nh RNC hay Node B ta cn kim tra thng tin cnh bo ca thit b. Nu khng c cc cnh bo sau khi loi b cc cnh bo m ch th vn khng bnh thng, ta cn thc hin phn tch v ti v lu lng ca cell. Phn tch li lp t sai fi-: Lp sai fi- l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nn st gim cht lng cuc gi, rt cuc gi, lm gim cht lng mng. Bi v khi lp sai fi- s nh hng v phn b tn s gy nn nhiu cho vng v quan h cc cell hng xm b sai lch cng dn n rt cuc gi. Trong qu trnh Drive test vic pht hin sai fi- l mt trong nhng vn rt n gin.
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Thng 1 Node B s c 3 sector (hoc 2 sector) tng ng vi gc phng v (Azimuth) nm trong khong 0- 360o c tnh theo chiu kim ng h. Sector 1 l sector u tin tnh t hng chnh Bc (North) v tnh theo chiu kim ng h. V d : trm 3NA7312 c cc tham s c thit k nh sau: Tham s thit k Sector 1 (A) Sector 2 ( B) Sector 3 (C) o o Gc (Azimuth) 40 120 320o S-3 (C) S-1 (A) 3NA7312 S-2 (B) Hnh Vic u nhm fi- c nhn bit bng cc thao tac kim tra nh sau: - S dng la bn xc nh gi tr gc ca cc sector t xc nh cell A, cell B, cell C. - Dng my Alcatel di chuyn theo hng ca mi cell vi khong cch t 10 100 (m) xc nh m xo trn, m nhn dng trm gc hin ti trn mi cell. - So snh vi tn s thit k xc nh cc cell pht ng tn hay sai. Trc khi sa li 3NA144
Phn tch Nhn vo Hnh 3.3, ta c th nhn thy ti 2 im kim tra. Node B ang xt 3NA144 xy ra tnh trng u sai fi-. - Hnh 3.3 a, ti im kim tra (mu ) hin c phc v bi cell 3NA1443 trong khi v tr ca n gn cell 3Na1441 hn.
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Tng t th Hnh 3.3 b, ti im kim tra hin c phc v bi cell 3NA1441 trong khi v tr ca n gn cell 3NA1443. iu chnh Thc hin cm li gic fi-, y xy ra tnh trng cm sai v tr. i ch 2 u cm t Node B tng ng vi 2 cell phn tch trn, tc l i v tr ca 2 gic cm ni n anten ca cell 3NA1441 v 3NA1443. Sau khi tin hnh iu chnh, o c li bng Drive test. Kt qu Hnh 3.4 Sau khi sa li 3NA144 -
Cc ch tiu v mt khu vc c kho st l: - Ch tiu v RSCP knh hoa tiu CPICH l -88 dBm. - Ch tiu v Ec/No ca knh hoa tiu CPICH l -12 dB.
Hnh 3.5 Khu vc xy ra tnh trng thiu cu hnh cell hng xm Phn tch Ta nhn thy cell phc v l 3NA7452 c ch th Ec/No CPICH l -11,5 dB v cell hng xm kim sot c 3NA3633 c ch th Ec/No CPICH l -16 dB v cell 3NA1772 cng c Ec/Io CPICH l -18 dB u thp hn ch tiu (-12 dB). Ch th RSCP CPICH ca cell phc v l -100 dBm v cell hng xm kim sot c 3NA3633, 3NA1772 ln lt l -105 v -107 dBm u nh hn ch tiu l -88 dBm. Trong khi cell 3NA5772 c ch th Ec/No CPICH l -4,5 dB ln hn ch tiu -12 dB v RSCP CPICH l -92 dBm tuy vn thp hn ch tiu -88 dBm nhng vn chp nhn c v cc ch tiu ny u tt hn nhiu so vi cell phc v v cell kim sot c. V vy c th kt lun rng xy ra vn mt cu hnh cell hng xm. Khc phc C th khc phc tnh trng ny bng cch thay i gc phng v v gc ngng ca cell 3NA3632 cho n ph sng im ny v thc hin drive test li kim tra. Tuy nhin khng phi vn chnh gc quay ca cell l n gin v c th n s gy nhiu cho nhng cell hng xm. Nn trong trng hp ny bi php n gin l khai b sung quan h hng xm vi cell 3NA5772 trn RNC. Rt cuc gi do chc nng chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao mm khng thc hin c Nguyn nhn C th do cu hnh giao thc AAL2PATH trn Iur sai dn n t l rt cuc gi AMR qua giao din Iur tng cao (Iur l giao din dng truyn thng tin iu khin trong chuyn giao mm). Khc phc Cu hnh li AAL2PATH hoc nu cn thit nng cao u tin cho chuyn giao cng cng tn s khng s dng n giao din Iur.
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Rt cuc gi do chc nng chuyn giao lin tn s v chuyn giao gia cc cng ngh truy cp khng thc hin c Nguyn nhn - UE c th khng c h tr bi h thng. - Tn hiu 2G qu yu hoc nhiu qu ln. - Khai bo thiu cell hng xm chuyn giao t 3G-2G. - Tc nghn trong 2G gy ra li truy cp. Rt cuc gi do nguyn nhn c bit. Nguyn nhn Trong mi trng thnh ph c bit, vng chuyn giao gia 2 cell c th qu nh. Nu UE vt qua mt vng vi mt tc rt nhanh, cuc gi c th b rt. C th c s thay i t ngt ca cng tn hiu ti ng t ng ph.
hnh Phn tch iu chnh cc tham s tr hon chuyn giao (D) ph hp, cho php vng chuyn giao ln m bo UE hon thnh qu trnh cp nht tp ch ng trc khi b gy nhiu hay b nn. iu chnh C nhiu cch khc phc hin tng ny: l thay i tham s lin quan n chuyn giao trn RNC, tuy nhin lc thay i tham s th s nh hng n cc khu vc khc trong vng ph ca cell. Do thc t trong trng hp ny khng thc hin iu chnh cc tham s chuyn giao m tin hnh lp t trm trm gc cell ny ph sng trong phm v ng t. Nh vy li t ra cu hi l nh th th c lng ph qu khng. Lp t thm trm mi phi c tnh ton k cng, hn na khng phi ng t no cng xy ra CDR cao.
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Hnh 3.8 Khu vc c vn v vng ph Phn tch Khu vc cn ti u (ng khung trn) c phc v bi cell 3NA3641 c m xo trn SC l 40. Ta nhn thy ch s RSCP CPICH ca cell phc v l -105 dBm v cc cell hng xm kim sot c ln lt l -101 dBm (3NA3633), -106 dBm (3NA1772), - 106 dBm (3NA7452) u thp hn mc tiu RSCP > -88 dBm. V vy c th kt lun y l khu vc c vng ph km. Khc phc Thc hin thay i gc phng v (azimuth) v gc ngng (tilt) ca cell 3NA7452 v cell 3NA3641 cell 3NA7452 ph sng chnh v tr thnh cell phc v khu vc cn ti u. iu chnh gc tilt ca cc cell 3NA3633, 3NA1772, 3NA0323 l cc cell hng xm ca cell 3NA7452.
cell hng xm ca cell 3G60483 nhng ngc li cell 3G60483 li c mt trong danh sch hng xm ca cell 3G60063. Nh vy l do y l g. Ta tip tc phn tch. Cell 3G60063 l hng xm quan trng ca cell 3G60483, tuy nhin n ch c thm vo danh sch hng xm mt chiu t 3G60483 ti 3G60063. L do cho iu ny l m xo trn ca cell hng xm 3G61173 c cng m xo trn vi cell 3G60063. C th cell 3G61173 c SC = 400 v cell 3G60063 mong mun c thm danh sch hng xm vi cell 3G60483 cng c SC = 400.
Hnh sahjkalsda Khc phc M xo trn ca cell 3G61173 phi c thay i v cell 3G60063 s c thm vo danh sch cell hng xm cng tn s vi cell 3G60483. V kt qu CDR thay i mt cch r rt.
Hnh Tip tc phn tch ta thy rng gi tr CPICH ca cell phc v v cc cell hng xm pht hin c (MN) ln lt l -77 dBm (3QB0663), -75 dBm (3QB0722), -73 dBm (3QB0633), -75 dBm (3QB0062), -73 dBm (3QB0012) v -75 dBm (3QB0092). C 6 hoa tiu tha mn iu kin mc thu RSCP > -95 dBm (tha mn iu kin 1). Mc chnh lch RSCP hoa tiu CPICH gia RSCP CPICH th 1 (3QB0663) v RSCP CPICH th 4 (3QB0633) ch l: (-77 dBm -(-73dBm)) = 4 dB. Gi tr ny ch nm trong khong thng ging ca fa-inh 5 dB (tha mn iu kin 2). Tc l c qu nhiu hoa tiu mnh nhng khng c hoa tiu no ng vai tr l hoa tiu tri trong s cc hoa tiu thu c. Nh vy c th kt lun khu vc ny xy ra nhim hoa tiu. Khc phc Thc hin mt s iu chnh gc phng v, gc ngng cng d tn hiu ca cell 3QB0662 ti khu vc cn ti u l ln nht. Gim cng tn hiu ti khu vc cn ti u ca cc cell 3QB0722, 3QB0663, 3QB0062, 3QB0012, 3QB0092 bng cc hnh ng chnh tilt v azimuth. Ch : khi iu chnh cn m bo hn ch gy nhiu cho cc cell khc.
Phn tch nhiu ng xung Nu Ec/Io hoa tiu CPICH thp hn mt gi tr ngng (thng l -12 dB) v cng sut m tn hiu thu (RSCP) thp hn mt gi tr ngng (thng -85 dBm) iu chng t tn ti nhiu ng xung. Phn tch nhiu ng ln Nu cng sut bng rng tng cng thu c (RTWP) cao trong khi lu lng thp chng t c nhiu ng ln. Khi ti ca cell l 0% th gi tr trung bnh ca RTWP s giao dng trong khong -106~-104 dBm. Khi ti tng ln 50% th nhiu s nng ln 3 dB, do RTWP thp hn -100 dBm s c coi l bnh thng. Bng 3.1 s cho thy 4 cell (biu din bng ch in thng) c RTWP thu c qu cao v 6 cell cn li (biu din bng ch in nghing) c coi l bnh thng. Bng 3.1 Thng k RTWP bt thng Cell Id Cng sut RTWP cc i (dBm) Cng sut RTWP trung bnh (dBm) -90.6516 -91.9201 -95.4289 -98.0375 -100.3754 -100.9658 -101.7778 -102.3416 -102.439 -102.8435
11211 10011 10012 13003 11212 12091 11003 12331 11213 13203
-88.0998 -86.0998 -92.4998 -91.6998 -97.0998 -98.2998 -73.7998 -93.8998 -98.0998 -99.0998
Hnh 3.11 Rt cuc gi do bn knh ca cell qu ln Khc phc Phi ngn chn nhng ngi dng xa khi to cuc gi trong 3G bng cch thay i cc tham s Ssearch ti 3 (-12 dBm) v Fdd_Qmin ti 3 (-8 dB).
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3.3. Ti u t l thnh cng thit lp cuc gi (CSSR) 3.3.1. Gii thiu KPI t l thnh cng thit lp cuc gi (CSSR)
ngha Dng nh gi t l thit lp dch v thnh cng, gm c 2 phn: thit lp phn v tuyn RRC v thit lp dch v RAB. KPI ny phn nh kh nng truy cp dch v ca cell v RNC. Trong RAB gm 3 loi dch v: thoi, AMR, video call v dch v nn PS. Do s c 3 gi tr khc nhau cho 3 RAB ny, tng ng c 3 t l thit lp dch v thnh cng cho tng dch v. Cng thc tnh T l thnh cng thit lp cuc gi = T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC (lin quan n dch v) x T l thnh cng gn RAB x 100% Trong . T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC = S ln hon thnh thit lp kt ni RRC (lin quan n dch v) / S ln yu cu thit lp kt ni RRC x 100% Cc loi dch v y gm: T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v hi thoi i. T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v dng i. T l thit lp kt ni RRC dch v tng tc i. T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v nn i. T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v hi thoi n. T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v dng n. T l thnh cng thit lp kt ni RRC dch v tng tc n.
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hng
Xy ra li cuc gi khng
YES
NO
M u cuc gi b li khng
YES
NO
YES
NO
Cc vn v nhn gi
Li do thit lp kt ni RRC
NO
YES
Vn v thit lp kt ni RRC
Truy cp v tuyn b li
NO
YES
YES
YES
Cc vn cn li
Kt thc
Hnh:
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Cc cng c ti u d liu OMC-R c th c s dng lc ra cc cell top N, t l truy cp ca cell khng p ng c cc yu cu. Cc thng k lin kt khc nh s ln c gng truy cp, thng lng cell v thng lng d liu ca cc cell cng rt quan trng cho vic ti u t l truy cp v s c cung cp. Cc nguyn nhn nh hng ti t l thit lp v tuyn: 1. Cuc gi khi to trong khu vc vng ph ngho v li. 2. Cc tham s truy cp ngu nhin khng ng lm cho vic thit lp RRC khng thnh cng v gy li truy cp. 3. Nghn knh PCH do ti tm gi cao, cng sut pht PCH thp gy ra li tm gi. 4. Cu hnh cc tham s la chn li cell nh ngng v tr la chn li cell, dch cell khng ph hp. Bn cnh mt cell hng xm, vng ph km v nhiu u dn n vic UE khi u truy cp ngu nhin trong mt cell c cht lng tn hiu ti (Ec/Io thp) nn d UE tng cng sut ti a vn khng thc hin c truy nhp ngu nhin thnh cng. 5. Nghn iu khin truy nhp l khi ti h thng cao dn n chc nng iu khin truy nhp s khng cho php s dng ti nguyn b sung (m knh, ti nguyn truyn dn). Ngoi ra vn mt ng b gia UE v UTRAN, cng sut pht knh FACH thp cng dn n vic UE khng gi c bn tin hon thnh kt ni RRC cng dn n li thit lp kt ni RRC. 6. Cu hnh tham s cho vic thit lp RAB khng ph hp, chc nng iu khin tc nghn v vn v dung lng gy ra li thit lp RAB. 7. Vn xung t m xo trn SC cng l nguyn nhn gy ra li truy cp.
Loop" (iu ny ging nh thc hin lnh ping vo a ch 127.0.0.0 kim tra card mng ca my tnh cn tt hay khng). Nu u ni hn khng chc chn, kt qu s ch ra "Abnormal" (bt thng). Mt vi dy cp E1/T1 ti khung phn phi s (Digital Distribution Frame) c lp t khng chnh xc ni v v tr pht v thu u ngc ln nhau, nu c u ni m mm theo nhn ti DDF, truyn dn s b li v xut hin cnh bo mt tn hiu E1/T1 do phn pht ca dy cp ni vo phn pht ti Node B v ngc li. i vi cnh bo ch ch E1/T1 Phi tip cn khch hng khc phc s c ti phn (SDH/PDH). Cnh bo ny ch yu gy ra bi vic nh x sai gia RNC v Node B. Tm li: thc hin kim tra c phn hi (loopback) ti Node B m bo rng dy cp E1/T1 hay u ni c hn chc chn. Ngoi ra ta cng c th xc nhn c truyn dn trn lung E1/T1 c tt khng bng cch thc hin loopback ti RNC. n led cng cung chp s ch th bit c rng u ni ca dy cp no c hn ng hay khng. Li bo mt tn hiu E1 trn BBU m rng (BBU l khi x l bng gc c t trong nh, c kt ni thng qua cp si quang) c xp vo li do cu hnh d liu, hin tng, sau khi ci t m rng BBU, mc phi cnh bo li mt tn hiu E1/T1 trn BBU m rng. Phn tch Sau khi nghin cu phn cu hnh, nhn thy rng khng c bt k li no trn c 2 BBU nhng c 1 ngun lin kt ca xung ng h cu hnh trn BBU th 2 l BBU t. BBU ny khng c lung E1 kt ni ti n. Cnh bo xut hin trn BBU th 2, khng c lung E1 ni ti n. Nhn ra cnh bo ny xut hin khi kim tra cu hnh ngun lin kt E1 trong t u dy (Cabinet), n l 1 thit lp s dng phn ln ng b ngun xung nhp ng h. Tt c lung E1 kt ni ti v tr c kt ni ti BBU ch, nh th ta khng cn c bt k cu hnh no lin quan n lung E1 trn BBU t (bao gm c ng b ng h, do BBU t s nhn c t BBU ch). Khc phc Thc hin xa b ngun lin kt trn BBU t bng dng lnh xa b cnh bo. Nh vy khi m rng thm BBU th trn BBU phi xa b i cc cu hnh ngun lin kt ca n c t trc. Li do module giao din quang BBU xung cp Cch n gin l thay th module quang RRU (khi RRU c t pha di anten, c nui bng ngun 48v) Li do gii hn CE ng ln (CE l khi ni cp n gii hn v phn cng ca Node B vng x l bng gc, trong t CE tng ng vi yu cu x l cho mt knh thoi (speech call). S lng CE yu cu cho mi loi RAB l c nh).
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Phn tch T d liu o c, ta c th nhn thy li xy ra phn ln t 10 gi sng cho ti na m, ph thuc vo s lng cell. Bi v iu ny ch xy ra trong mt Node B, ta c th loi tr l do thuc v RNC v tp trung trn mc Node B. T kt qu kim tra 1 li xy ra trong sut qu trnh thit lp li lin kt v tuyn vi 1 l do ti nguyn ng ln khng cn. Thng thng l do ny ch ra rng li gy ra bi gii hn CE ng ln. Sau khi kim tra d liu hin th, khng c li no vi l do CE ng ln. Nghi ng rng CE ng ln b hn ch gy ra bi kh nng ca phn cng. Sau khi gim st ti nguyn v tuyn trong thi gian thc cho tt c 3 cell trong Node B nhn ra rng tng s CE ng ln s dng vn ti 128. Chc nng h tr HSDPA c bt, nn 64 CE ng ln c d tr cho HSUPA. Nh th 128 CE ng ln ht, l do c pht hin. Khc phc M rng thm phn cng, tnh ton lu lng tng vo gi cao im v d tr tnh ra s CE ph hp cho v tr Node B . Li do tc nghn CE ti Node B Phn tch Bm theo bo hiu ca IUB trn RNC, ta c th thy rng c rt nhiu NBAP_RL_SETUP_FAIL and NBAP_RL_RECFG_FAIL t Node B ti RNC. Ta kim ta nguyn nhn v tm ra rng tt c l khng c ti nguyn ng ln. iu ny c ngha rng ti nguyn ng ln Node B n gii hn. Tip chng ta kim tra tnh trng CE ti Node B. Bm theo du vt ti nguyn dch v cell, nhn ra rng ti nguyn CE tp hp lin kt v tuyn (Radio Link Set) ng ln ti Node B khng d. Ngi dng mun truy cp ti mng th ti nguyn CE lin kt v tuyn (RL) ng ln phi v ng ln ca RLS phi d. RLS CE c s dng cho chuyn giao mm hn v RL CE c s dng cho cc dch v truy cp khc. Khc phc Khuyn co m rng BBU Thng thng cc vn lin quan n CE, chng ta c th gii quyt theo cch sau. 1. M rng BBU. 2. Thay i tham s chuyn giao chuyn giao bt ngi s dng sang nhng cell hng xm gim bt tc nghn trn Node B ny. 3. Tt HSUPA, v iu ny c th tng thm ti nguyn 64 CE cho mi BBU. 4. Cho php chuyn mch CE ng v iu ny cn thit phi c bn quyn. 5. Tng s lng Node B trong khu vc . Sau khi loi b cc vn v phn cng Node B, RNC, UE ta s i phn tch cc l do trn mi trng v tuyn, trong c nhiu nguyn nhn gy st gim CSSR cng lin quan n cc nguyn nhn lm gim CDR nn khng nhc li na.
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3.3.3.2. V vn nhiu ng ln
Chnh lch RTWP nhnh thu qu cao Phn tch Trong khong thi gian 100 ms c s sai lch 5 dB RTWP gia knh thu chnh v knh thu phn tp. y c th nh l kt qu ca nhiu t cc thit b truyn dn khc nh viba, cc trm c nh, u nhy sai v cc b u ni fi-, anten Khc phc Tng hp cc gi tr o c RTWP thc t v nhn thy s khc nhau gia knh thu chnh v knh s dng phn tp ln hn 5 dB. Thc hin iu chnh gc phng v ca anten cho n khi s khc nhau gia cc gi tr RTWP ca knh thu chnh v knh s dng phn tp nh hn 5 dB. Tip tc gim st cnh bo trong t nht 2 tun. Ch : khi iu chnh gc phng v ca anten phi m bo rng khng di chuyn v tr anten qu xa t v tr ban u nhm mc ch m bo c khu vc vung ph vn c duy tr. Phn ln s sai lch ny gy ra bi nhiu t bn ngoi v thng thng c gii quyt bng cch iu chnh mt t gc phng v ca anten.
3.3.3.3. Cc vn thng gp
Do trong mng 3G thc hin k thut iu khin ti, iu khin truy nhp nn khi c qu nhiu ngi dng m cell phc v n cng sut cc i ri nn khi c yu cu truy cp mi t ngi dng, h thng s t chi do thiu cng sut, thiu m OVSF trn ng xung chng hn. - khc phc tnh trng ny ta thc hin Gim t s Ec/No mong mun hng ln c s dng bi iu khin cn sut nhanh hng ln. - Thay i kch c vng chuyn giao mm cha nhiu ngi dng hn. - Chuyn giao n mt sng mang WCDMA khc (chuyn giao gia cc tn s). - Chuyn giao n mt h thng khc, v d t UMTS sang GSM. - Gim tc bit s dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc, v d m ha thoi AMR. i vi cell bin LAC thng xy ra tnh trng t l cp nht v tr cao cho thy c vn ti mc cell v c th l nguyn nhn dn n cp nht v tr khng thnh cng hoc gy nghn knh FACH. Lm cho UE khng th gi bn tin hon thnh thit lp kt ni RRC cng dn n li thit lp kt ni RRC lm cho cuc gi khng th thc hin c. Cch khc phc xem xt iu chnh tng tr la chn li cell hoc c th n nh cell ny vo vng LA khc. i khi xy ra tnh trng do khong thi gian cp nht v tr theo chu k qu ngn nn khi UE v mt l do no bn tin cp nht v tr ca UE khng gi n c Node B, th sau mt khong thi gian Node B s xem nh l UE ri khi mng. cuc gi ti UE ny d nhin s khng thc hin c. Do cn cu hnh tham s ny hp l. Song song vi iu chnh tham s ny, ta cng cn thit iu chnh tham s s ln truyn li cc i bn tin cp nht v tr ca UE sau khi ln cp nht u
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tin b li do khng thu c phn hi t mng nhm mc ch hn ch bt li do mi trng v tuyn. V vn tm gi (pagging) c nhiu nguyn nhn dn n tm gi khng thnh cng gm: - IMSI attach/detach khng c s dng, nu khng th kch hot c tnh Thi gian cp nht v tr theo chu k qu ln, xy ra khi UE di chuyn sang khu vc LAI khc m bn tin cp nht ca UE gi ti mng b li, mng khng bit c v tr hin thi ca UE nn tm gi khng thc hin c, khc phc bng cch gim thi gian cp nht nh k xung.
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