Date: 18.04.

2005 Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Department of Textile Technology nd st 2 Year 1 Semester, Clearance/Improvement Examination (Fall 2004) Course No: Tex 207, Course Title: Wet Processing Technology I Time: 3 hours Full Marks: 70 There are 10 (ten) questions. Answer any 7 (seven) questions. Marks allotted are indicated in the margin. 1. a) Put down physical characteristics of water. b) Define temporary and permanent hardness. Mention the problems caused by hard water during textile processing. c) Define sequestering agent with examples. Give chemical formula of EDTA. d) Name the methods for determination of water hardness with a brief description of one of the methods. 2. a) Define soap and detergent with examples and mention their basic differences. b) Show with the aid of a diagram the detergency action. c) Mention the properties of fat, wax and oil and write their chemical structures. d) Discuss the importance of scouring in textile processing. 3. a) Why gas singeing is so widely used in the textile industry? b) Give a schematic diagram of gas singeing process showing passage of cloth. c) Point out the benefits of enzymatic desizing. d) Discuss pad batch method of desizing with the aid of a figure. 4. a) What are the main objectives of the bleaching process? b) Mention the advantages of hydrogen peroxide bleaching and write down the effects of pH and temperature on bleaching of cotton and fabric. c) Discuss in brief the bleaching of silk. d) What precaution should be taken during peroxide bleaching? 5. a) Show chemical structures of direct dyes. How do they anchor with cotton? b) Give classification of direct dyes with brief characteristics of each class. c) Discuss effects of temperature and electrolyte on dyeing of cotton with direct dye. d) Write about one aftertreatment process of direct dyed goods. 6. a) How acid dyes form ionic linkage with silk and wool fibres? b) Give classification of acid dyes with their characteristics. c) Discuss wash and light fastness properties of acid dyes. d) Write three commercial names of acid dyes with their manufacturers. 7. a) How does basic dyes differ from other class of dyes? b) Throw light on the chemical constituents of basic dyes. c) Discuss properties of basic dyes. What steps are taken to avoid unlevel dyeing 2 3.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 1.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 2 3 3 2 2.5 3 3 1.5 2 3

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during dyeing of acrylic substrate with basic dyes? d) Give two commercial names of basic dyes with their manufacturers. 8. a) Give classification of vat dyes from different points of view. b) Mention the stages of dyeing cotton fabric with vat dyes with chemical reactions involved in each stage. c) What precautions should be taken during vat dyeing? d) Write down properties of vat dyes in brief. 9. a) Define thickener and give its classification. b) What are the factors that should be kept in mind during selection of thicker? c) Discuss a method of preparation for thickener solution. 10. a) Give a definition of printing. How does it differ with dyeing? b) What are the styles of printing available in the textile industry? c) Name various methods of printing and briefly describe one of them. d) Compare flat bed screen printing with rotary screen printing.

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