სამოქალაქო წიგნიერება - ავტორი გიორგი გახელაძე

giorgi gaxelaZe
samoqalaqo wigniereba
maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo
giorgi gaxelaZe
Tbilisi 2012
proeqti ,,axali SesaZleblobebi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs dafinansebulia evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mier da xorcieldeba samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis, asociacia zekarisa da marneulis axalgazrduli centris mier. publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar gamoxatavdes evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mosazrebebs. Project New Opportunities for Educationally Deprived Children` was made possible by the support of European Union and Open Society Institute. Project is implementing by the Civic development Institute, Association Zekari` and Marneuli Youth Center. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of European Union and Open Society Institute avtori: giorgi gaxelaZe recenzenti: simon janaSia dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili sakonsultacio sabWo anTaZe ia boWoriSvili manana gorgoZe sofio mosiaSvili Tamar wignis SeqmnaSi gansakuTebuli wvlili Seitanes samoqalaqo ganviTrebis institutis TanamSromlebma, ganaTlebis eqspertebma, romlebmac SeimuSaves ganaTlebis meore Sansis qarTuli modeli. ideis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis procesSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen: baqraZe maia TofaZe qeTevan kobalaZe qeTevan korZaZe ekaterine papava paata samsonia irina Wanturia Tamar daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobari Tbilisi, 2012 samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2012
ISBN 978-9941-0-4803-6
sarCevi
winasityvaoba.........................................................................................................5 Sesavali ...................................................................................................................6 standarti..............................................................................................................16 arsebiTi samoqalaqo unarebi......................................................................22 misaRwevi Sedegebi da indikatorebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT..................................................................................................................25 mimarTuleba: mdgradi ganviTareba..........................................................28 mimarTuleba: mmarTveloba..........................................................................32 sakiTxTa CamonaTvali......................................................................................38 swavla-swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi da meTodologia.............39 swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi....................................................................50 mravalwaxnagiani reitingi...........................................................................65 proeqtis struqtura.......................................................................................75 moswavleTa muSaobis formebi....................................................................77 gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi..........................................................................80 Tema - samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi..................80 Tema - usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo.........................................................89 Tema _ ra aris arCevnebi..................................................................................91 Tema - arCevnebi sajaro skolaSi..............................................................94 Tema - Cemi arCevani: gadawyvetileba da Sedegebi.............................96 gamoyebenebuli literatura......................................................................98
winasityvaoba
skolis roli ganuzomlad didia adamianis pirovnul da sazogadoebriv ganviTarebaSi. skolaSi swavla Tanabrad mniSvnelovania mozardis rogorc fizikuri Tu SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisaTvis, ise misi sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad formirebisaTvis. aseve, adamianis akademiuri da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis. sxvagvar garemoSi Zneldeba bavSvis harmoniuli ganviTareba paralelurad orive mimarTulebiT. samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi arcTu iSviaTia saskolo saganmanaTleblo procesSi bavSvebis srulfasovani monawileobis SezRudva. xarisxiani zogadi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas aferxebs: klimaturi pirobebi, xan Seusabamo infrastruqtura, ojaxebis ekonomikuri siduxWire, ganaTlebis aucileb lobisadmi skeptikuri damokidebuleba da a.S. es saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia im maswavleblebisaTvis romelTa moswavleebsac sxvadasxva socialur-ekonomikuri mizezebis gamo xeli eSlebaT saskolo garemoSi miaRwion erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebs. Sesabamisad, aseTi mozardebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT zogadsaganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebad da ara specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone (sssm) moswavleebad. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standartidan SeirCa ZiriTadi Sedegebi, romelTa miRweva xels uwyobs mozardTa sazogadoebriv ganviTarebasa da samoqalaqo cnobierebis Camoyalibebas.
Sesavali
winapiroba da miznebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi yovel adamians dasWirdeba sakvanZo kompetenciaTa farTo diapazoni, raTa moqnilad auRos alRo swrafad cvalebad da Zalze urTierTgadajaWvul samyaros. ganaTleba misi ormagi socialuri da ekonomikuri rolis gamo, umniSvnelovanesi iqneba Tu adamianebs am cvlilebebTan umtkivneulod adaptirebis SesaZleblobas miscems sakvanZo kompetenciebis dauflebis safuZvelze.
sakvanZo kompetenciebi kompetenciebi ganisazRvreba, rogorc konteqstis Sesabamisi codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebis kombinacia. sakvanZoa is kompetenciebi, romlebic yvela individs sWirdeba pirovnuli srulyofisa da ganviTarebis, aqtiuri moqalaqeobis, socialuri CarTulobisa da dasaqmebisTvis. `mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi ganaTlebisaTvis sakvanZo kompetenciebis evropul CarCoSi` mocemulia rva sakvanZo kompetencia: 1. komunikacia mSobliur enaze 2. komunikacia ucxo enaze 3. maTematikuri kompetencia da sabazo kompetenciebi sabunebismetyvelo, teqnikur da gamoyenebiT mecnierebebSi 4. cifruli kompetencia 5. swavlis swavla 6. socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi 7. iniciativisa da mewarmeobis grZnoba (mniSvneloba, atmosfero) 8. kulturuli codna da gamoxatva
sakvanZo kompetenciebi erTnairad mniSvnelovania, radgan yoveli maTgani xels uwyobs codnis sazogadoebaSi warmatebul cxovrebas. mravali maTgani urTierTmomcveli da urTierTdakavSirebulia: erTi sferosTvis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi xels uwyobs sxva sferoSi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas. metyvelebis, wera-kiTxvis, raodenobrivi azrovnebis unarisa da sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (sst) sabazo unar-CvevebSi kompetencia mniSvnelovani safuZvelia swavlisTvis, xolo kompetencia - `swavlis swavla~ xels uwyobs yvela saswavlo aqtivobas. CarCoSi gamoyenebulia mTeli rigi Temebia: kritikuli azrovneba, SemoqmedebiToba, iniciativa, problemebis gadaWra, riskis Sefaseba, gadawyvetilebis miReba da grZnobebis konstruqciuli menejmenti rvave kompetenciaSi TamaSobs rols. socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi gansazRvreba: socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi moicavs pirovnul, pirovnebaTaSoris da kulturaTaSoris kompetenciebs da qcevis yvela formas, romelic individs sazogadoebriv da samuSao cxovrebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki, sul ufro da ufro mravalferovan sazogadoebebSi efeqtian da konstruqciul monawileobasa da saWiroebis SemTvevaSi konfliqtebis gadaWraSi exmareba. samoqalaqo kompetencia individebs samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi srulyofil monawileobaSi exmareba, efuZneba socialur da politikur koncefciebsa da struqturebs da aqtiur da demokratiul monawileobisadmi erTgulebas. kompetenciasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi codna, unarCvevebi da damokidebulebebi: socialuri kompetencia ukavSirdeba pirad da sazogadoebriv keTildReobas da moiTxovs imis gagebas, Tu rogor SeiZleba uzrunvelyon individebma fizikuri da sulieri janmr-
Teloba. gamoiyenon wyarod sakuTari Tavi, ojaxi, myisieri socialuri garemo. codna Tu rogor uwyobs am yvelafers xels cxovrebis jansaRi wesi. warmatebuli pirovnebaTaSorisi da sazogadoebrivi monawileobisTvis mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva sazogadoebebsa da garemoSi (mag., samsaxurSi) qcevis kodeqsisa da zogadad miRebuli manerebis codna. aseve mniSvnelovania, individebis, jgufebis, samuSaos organizaciis, genderuli Tanasworobisa da aradiskriminaciis, sazogadoebisa da kulturis ZiriTadi koncefciebis codna. arsebiTia evropuli sazogadoebebis multikulturuli da socio-ekonomikuri Taviseburebebisa da erovnuli kulturuli identobisa da evropuli identobis urTierTzemoqmedebis codna. am kompetenciis ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi moicavs sxvadasxva garemoSi konstruqciuli komunikaciis unars, tolerantobas, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamoxatvasa da gagebas, Tavdajerebulobis garemos xelSewyobasa da empaTiis gancdas. individs unda SeeZlos stresTan da imedgacruebasTan gamklaveba da maTi konstruqciulad gamoxatva. piradi da profesiuli sferoebis gamijvna. es kompetencia emyareba kolaboraciis, asertulobisa (Tavdajerebulobis) da gulwrfelobis (Riaobis) damokidebulebas. individs unda hqondes socio-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da kulturaTaSorisi komunikaciis interesi, afasebdes mravalgvarobas da pativs scemdes sxvebs. mzad iyos, rogorc mikerZoebuli azris dasaZlevad aseve, kompromisisTvis.
kompetenciasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi codna, unarCvevebi da damokidebulebebi: samoqalaqo kompetencia emyareba demokratiis, samarTlianobis, Tanasworobis, moqalaqeobis da samoqalaqo uflebebis codnas. maT Soris, rogor aris isini gamoxatuli evrokavSiris ZiriTadi uflebebis sigelsa da saerTaSoriso
deklaraciebSi da rogor gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva institutebis mier adgilobriv, regionul, erovnul, evropul da saerTaSoriso doneebze. is moicavs, rogorc Tanamedrove movlenebis, ise erovnuli, evropuli da msoflio istoriis ZiriTadi movlenebisa da tendenciebis codnas. amas garda, socialur da politikur moZraobaTa miznebis, Rirebulebebisa da politikis wvdomas. mniSvnelovania evropuli integraciis, evrokavSiris struqturebis, ZiriTadi miznebisa da Rirebulebebis da evropaSi mravalgvarobisa da kulturuli identobis codnac. samoqalaqo kompetenciis unar-Cvevebi ukavSirdeba sazogadoebaSi sxvebTan urTierTobis unars, farTo sazogadoebis winaSe mdgari problemebis gadaWrisas solidarobisa da interesis gamoxatvas. es moicavs kritikul da SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas da konstruqciul monawileobas Temis an samezoblos aqtivobebSi, gadawyvetilebis miRebas yvela doneze, dawyebuli erovnulidan, damTavrebuli evropuliT, kerZod, xmis micemis saSualebiT. dadebiTi damokidebulebis safuZvelia adamianis uflebebis, maT Soris, Tanasworobis, rogorc demokratiis pativiscema, sxvadasxva religiuri an eTnikuri jgufebis RirebulebaTa gansxvavebuli sistemebis aRiareba da gageba. es niSnavs, rogorc konkretuli adgilisadmi, qveynisadmi, evrokavSirisadmi an zogadad, evropisadmi da msofliosadmi mikuTvnebulobis Cvenebas, ise yvela doneze demokratiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobisTvis mzaobas. aseve, moicavs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis demonstrirebas, sazogadoebis erTianobisTvis aucilebeli saerTo Rirebulebebis (mag., demokratiuli principebis pativiscema) aRiarebas da maTdami pativiscemas. konstruqciuli monawileoba moicavs samoqalaqo aqtivobas, socialuri mravalgvarobisa da erTianobis, mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas da sxvaTa Rirebulebebisa da piradulis pativiscemis mzaobas.
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis demokratiuli suliskveTeba Tandayolili ar aris. aleqsis tokvilma aRniSna, rom yovelma momdevno Taobam unda SeiZinos is codna, unar-Cvevebi da Camoiyalibos ganwyoba, anu individualuri da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, romelic safuZvlad udevs demokratias. ganwyobis Camoyalibeba SesaZlebelia, rogorc sityviTa da swavliT aseve, magaliTis ZaliT. demokratia `TviTmarTvadi manqana` 1 ar aris, is mudmivad unda ganaaxlos yovelma axalma Taobam. amrigad, samoqalaqo aRzrda-ganaTleba upirvelesi sazrunavia. ar aris imaze ufro mniSvnelovani amocana, vidre informirebuli, qmediTi da pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqalaqeebis aRzrda. demokratiis ZiriTadi faseulobebisa da principebisadmi moqalaqeebis gaazrebuli Tavdadebis gareSe, Tavisufali da Ria sazogadoeba warumatebeli iqneba. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom ganaTlebis muSakebma, politikosebma da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebma mxari dauWiron samoqalaqo ganaTlebas sazogadoebis yvela segmentis, institutebis farTo speqtrisa da xelisuflebis saSualebiT. sazogadoeba, romlis aSenebis survilic gvaqvs, moqalaqeebis mxridan Zalisxmevasa da Tavdadebas moiTxovs. Cven iseTi sazogadoeba da xelisufleba gvsurs, romelic: pativs scems adamianis uflebebs; aRiarebs individebis Rirsebasa da mniSvnelobas; icavs samarTlebriv normebs; sadac adamianebi Tanaxma arian Seasrulon sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi; yvela zrunavs sazogadoebis keTildReobaze. aseTi sazogadoebisa da xelisuflebis sinamdviled qceva umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa. ra aris samoqalaqo aRzrda?
1 Margaret Stimmann Branson, Associate Director Center for Civic Education September 1998
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demokratiul sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo ganaTleba TviTmarTvis swavlebaa. demokratiuli TviTmmarTveloba niSnavs, rom adamianebi aqtiurad arian CarTulebi sakuTari Tavis xelmZRvanelobaSi; isini pasiurad ar iziareben sxvebis Sexedulebebs da ar eTanxmebian moTxovnebs. aristotele `politikaSi~ wers: `demokratiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli (rogorc umravlesoba miiCnevs) Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba maSin miiRweva, rodesac yvela adamiani Tanabrad iziarebs marTvis pasuxismgeblobas~. sxva sityvebiT Tu vityviT, demokratia ufro srulyofilad aris realizebuli, Tu politikuri sazogadoebis yoveli wevri monawileobs marTvaSi. politikuri sazogadoebis wevrebi moqalaqeebi arian da Sesabamisad, moqalaqeoba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis wevrobaa. wevroba monawileobas niSnavs, TviT wevrobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis kritikul gagebasa da miRebas. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebam, pirvel rigSi, demokratiis idealebis gagebas da misi faseulobebisa da principebis erTgulebas unda Seuwyos xeli. demokratia utopia ar aris, Tumca moqalaqeebs unda esmodeT, rom Tu maTi ararealisturi molodinebi ar marTldeba, cinizmi, apaTia ar unda daeufloT da uari ar unda Tqvan politikur cxovrebaze. samoqalaqo ganaTleba realisturi unda iyos. mis amJamindel naklovanebebs is ganapirobebs, rom àr vewinaaRmdegebiT Sexedulebas, romlis mixedviTac politikaSi adamiani an igebs an agebs da mogeba yvelafris erT jerze da myisierad miRebas niSnavs. dakargulia rwmena, rom politikaSi xvalindeli dRec arsebobs, sxva Sansic, rom mogismenen, dageTanxmebian da SesaZloa, sasurvelis raRac nawilic miiRoT. dRes politikuri ganaTleba uZluria aswavlos Cveni politikuri istoria: mudmivi da mtkice samoqalaqo CarTulobis - SeTanxmebaTa dinjad, moTminebiT miRwevis - Sedegad miRweuli socialuri cvlilebebi (Carter and Elshtain, 1997). amrigad, mniSvnelovania imis codna, rom politika ar aris
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da arc unda iyos TamaSi nulovani SedegiT. mosazrebas, rom `gamarjvebuli iRebs yvelafers~ saerTo araferi aqvs demokratiasTan, radgan damarcxebulma Tu yvelaferi dakarga, uars ityvis demokratiul TamaSSi monawileobaze. gaziareba - Zalauflebis, resursebis, pasuxismgeblobebis - arsebiTi fenomenia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi mudam arsebobs socialur cvlilebaze gavlenis SesaZlebloba, Tuki moqalaqeebs Sesabamisi codna, unarebi da neba aqvT. swored es codna, unarebi da neba, anu individualuri da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis Taviseburebebi aris srulyofili samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Sedegi.
samoqalaqo aRzrdis daniSnuleba da mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi `zne-xasiaTis wvrTna erTi udidesi, uaRresi sagania skolisa, radganac gaadamianeba kacisa Tavi da boloa yovelgvari wvrTnisa, zrdisa da ganaTlebisa. ` ilia WavWavaZe saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi samoqalaqo aRzrdas sakvanZo adgili ukavia, radgan Cven qveyanaSi zogadi ganaTlebis mizania saqarTvelos moqalaqis aRzrda da momzadeba zogadi ganaTlebis Semdgomi profesiuli da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis 2. Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo aRzrda, rogorc saswavlo procesis ganuyofeli nawili zogadi ganaTlebis yvela safexurze, mowodebulia xeli Seuwyos informirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone moqalaqis aRzrdas. amasTan, aRniSnuli sagnis swavlebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs moswavlis samoqalaqo kompetenciis Camoyalibebisa
2
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da sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo kulturis damkvidrebisaTvis. informirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone moqalaqis aRzrda nebismier qveyanaSi demokratiis arseboba damokidebulia, swored, moqalaqeTa unarebze, codnasa da ganwyobebebze. samoqalaqo aRzrdis Sedegad moswavleebi igeben imas, Tu ras niSnavs iyo moqalaqe. amasTan, moqalaqe ara mxolod uflebebiT aris aRWurvili, aramed mas Sesabamisi valdebulebebica da pasuxismgeblobebic akisria. mniSvnelovania isic, rom Tu adamians sakuTari samoqalaqo valdebulebebi gacnobierebuli ar aqvs, is ver gamoiyenebs sakuTar uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, miRebul codnas. samoqalaqo kompetencia saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT xelisuflebis wyaroa xalxi. aRniSnuli principi demokratiis fundaments warmoadgens, Tumca adamianebi ver SeZleben sakuTari xelisuflebis saqmianobaSi monawileobas an mis gakontrolebas samoqalaqo kompetenciis gareSe. adamianis moqalaqed CamoyalibebaSi did rols TamaSobs ojaxi, media, religiuri da sxva sazogadoebrivi institutebi, Tumca zogadi ganaTlebis sistemas yvelaze seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs masSi iseTi efeqturi instrumentis meSveobiT, rogoric samoqalaqo aRzrdaa. samoqalaqo kompetencia aerTianebs sam ZiriTad komponents: codnas, unarsa da ganwyobas. sagnis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi interdisciplinuri/saganTSorisi bunebisaa da mas safuZvlad udevs yvela sazogadoebriv-politikuri mecniereba: eTika, istoria, sociologia, geografia, ekonomika, samarTalmcodneoba, politologia da a.S.
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samoqalaqo kultura samoqalaqo aRzrda xels uwyobs samoqalaqo kulturis Camoyalibebas. saqarTvelo mravalferovani (mravaleTnikuri, mravalreligiuri, mrvalenovani da a.S.) qveyanaa. amitomac sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania saerTo samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis pativiscema da erTguleba. swored am principis erTguli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis ùryevi nebaa daamkvidron demokratiuli sazogadoebrivi weswyobileba, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, socialuri da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo, uzrunvelyon adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebani da Tavisuflebani, ganamtkicon saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba da sxva xalxebTan mSvidobiani urTierToba, eyrdnobian ra qarTveli eris mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebriobis tradiciebs`.3
3 , 1995 24 .
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samoqalaqo aRzrda xels uwyobs iseTi Tavisufali da Ria samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas, sadac: uzrunveyofilia demokratiis fundameturi Rirebulebebisa da principebis pativiscema; daculia adamianis uflebebi; gacnobierebuli da daculia adamianis Rirseba da mniSvneloba; uzrunvelyofilia kanonis uzenaesoba; sazogadoebrivi sikeTis dacva aris yvela moqalaqis valdebuleba; gaTvaliwinebulia ara mxolod umravlesobis interesebi, aramed daculia umciresobaTa uflebebic. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobas emsaxureba zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi, romlis preambulaSi naTqvamia: `saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis matarebeli, Tavisufali pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis. amasTan erTad ganaTlebis sistema uviTarebs mozards gonebriv da fizikur unar-Cvevebs, aZlevs saWiro codnas, amkvidrebs jansaRi cxovrebis wess, moswavleebs uyalibebs liberalur da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul samoqalaqo cnobierebas da exmareba maT ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos winaSe sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi`.4
4 , 2004.
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standarti
moqalaqeobis swavlebis miznebi, ZiriTadi amocanebi da mimarTulebebi samoqalaqo aRzrdis miznebi samoqalaqo aRzrdis Sedegad moswavles unda ganuviTardes samoqalaqo kompetenciis sami urTierTdakavSirebuli komponenti: moqalaqeobis codna, moqalaqeobrivi unar-Cvevebi da moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi. moqalaqeobis codna im Sinaarss gulisxmobs, rac moqalaqes xuTi mniSvnelovan kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmareba: 1. ra aris samoqalaqo cxovreba, politika da saxelmwifo? 2. ra aris Cveni qveynis politikuri cxovrebis safuZveli? 3. rogor asaxavs konstituciis safuZvelze moqmedi xelisufleba demokratiis mizans, Rirebulebebsa da principebs? 4. ra urTierToba aqvs saqarTvelos msoflios sxva qveynebTan? 5. ra rols asruleben moqalaqeebi qveynis demokratizaciis procesSi? moqalaqeobrivi unar-Cvevebi ZiriTadad ori saxisaa: inteleqtualuri da monawileobiTi. inteleqtualuri unar-Cvevebi ganuyofelia codnisgan. nebismieri sakiTxis kritikuli gaazreba-SefasebisTvis TviT am sakiTxis codna da misi dRevandelobasTan Sesabamisobis ganxilva aris saWiro. inteleqtualuri unar-Cvevebi moicavs: amocnobasa da aRweras, axsnasa da analizs, Sefasebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da poziciis dacvas monawileobiTi unar-Cvevebi dayofilia kategoriebad: urTierToba/urTierTqmedeba, kontroli da gavlena. es unar-Cvevebi aucilebelia adamianebisTvis, rom iyvnen politikuri procesisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis in-
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formirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgebeli monawileebi. moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi asaxavs pirovnebis xasiaTis Tvisebebs, romlebic aucilebelia saerTo samoqalaqo kulturis, qveynis konstituciuri demokratiis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis. moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi SeZenili da naswavlia iseve, rogorc kulturasTan dakavSirebuli sxva Tvisebebi. es ganwyobebi nela viTardeba, radgan bavSvi viTardeba da swavlobs ojaxSi, skolaSi, samezoblosa Tu sazogadoebis sxva nawilebTan urTierTobisas miRebuli sakuTari gamocdilebis safuZvelze. moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi xuT kategoriad jgufdeba: 1. sazogadoebis damoukidebel wevrad Camoyalibeba; 2. moqalaqis piradi, politikuri da ekonomikuri valdebulebebis aReba; 3. pirovnebis faseulobisa da adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscema; 4. sazogadoebriv saqmeebSi informirebulad, dafiqrebulad da efeqtianad monawileoba; 5. saxelmwifos konstituciuri demokratiis jansaRi funqcionirebis xelSewyoba.5 samoqalaqo aRzrdis swavlebis ZiriTadi amocanebi samoqalaqo aRzrda mowodebulia mozardebSi demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani samoqalaqo wignierebis6 iseTi aspeqtebis ganviTarebisken, rogoricaa: politikuri da samarTlebrivi wigniereba, socialuri da kulturuli wigniereba, ekonomikuri wigniereba da erovnuli da globaluri wigniereba. wignierebis TiToeuli es saxe, faqtobrivad, sabazo samoqalaqo kompetenciebis sayrdenia.
5 National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels 1992-1998 for Civics; July 2001; Edited by Susan Cooper Loomis Mary Lyn Bourque; National Assessment of Educational Progress, National Assessment Governing Boord; U.S. Deportment of Education // NAEP2006 Civics Report Card.
6 . , . -, . . , , , , 2009.
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amdenad, am sami komponentis WrilSi gaazrebiT, sabazo samoqalaqo kompetenciebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba davaxasiaToT: politikuri da samarTlebrivi kompetencia: codna: moswavlem, asakis Sesabamisad, codnis nabij-nabij aTvisebis gziT, unda icodes Tu ra aris politikuri sistema da kanoni; unda gaacnobieros sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi da uflebebi demokratiuli politikuri sistemisa da kanonis uzenaesobis winaSe; moswavle unda acnobierebdes saerTaSoriso samarTlis arssa da mniSvnelobas; unda icnobdes adamianis uflebaTa dacvis erovnul da saerTaSoriso CarCoebs, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebsa da saSualebebs sxvadasxva doneze da a.S. unar-Cvevebi: moswavles unda SeeZlos sakuTari da sxvisi (gansxvavebulis, umciresobis, gansakuTrebul saWiroebaTa mqone bavSvebis da a.S.) uflebebis dacva; unda gacnobierebeulad emorCilebodes kanonsa da SeZlebisdagvarad, saskolo TemSi qcevis gaziarebul wesebs, unda SeeZlos monawileoba saskolo Temisa da klasis cxovrebaSi da a.S. ganwyoba: moswavles gacnobierebuli unda hqondes kanonis uzenaesoba da adamianis uflebebi, faseulobebi da amis safuZvelze hqondes mzaoba imoqmedos adamianis uflebebze zrunviT, kanonmorCilad da adamianis uflebebis dasacavad. socialuri da kulturuli kompetencia: codna: moswavle unda acnobierebdes Tavs, rogorc sakuTari ojaxis, sazogadoebis, saskolo Temisa Tu klasis, samezeoblo Temis, referentuli jgufis (iqneba es eTnikuri Tu religiuri umciresoba Tu satitulo nacia da a.S.), qarTuli sazogadoebis wevrad; icnobdes sakuTari qveynis, referentuli Temis kulturas; saqarTveloSi Tu msoflioSi mcxovrebi sxva sazogadoebebis kulturas; esmodes Tu ras niSnavs zrunvis eTika da ratom aris is faseuli da a.S.
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unar-Cvevebi: SeuZlia zrunva, urTierTgafrTxilebaze dafuZnebuli urTierTobebis damyareba, gansxvavebulTan urTierToba, konfliqtis mogvareba, efeqturi komunikacia da a.S. ganwyoba: aqvs gansxvavebulisa da mravalferovnebis, rogorc faseulis cnobiereba; aqvs zrunvis da gafrTxilebis damokidebuleba mis garSemo myofi adamianebis (ojaxis wevrebi, Tanaklaselebi, maswavleblebi da a.S.) mimarT da sxva. ekonomikuri kompetencia: codna: moswavle nabij-nabij, safexurebrivad, unda gaecnos Tavisi qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis ZiriTad aspeqtebs: Sromisa da samomxmareblo bazars, minimalur xelfass da msyidvelobiTunarianobas da a.S.; SeZlebisdagvarad, unda iyos informirebuli momxmarebli uflebebsa da movaleobebze, pasuxismgeblobiTi da eTikuri moxmarebis mniSvnelobasa da principebze; gamWvirvalobis mniSvnelobaze da a.S. unar-Cvevebi: moswavles unda ganuviTardes resursebis racionalurad xarjvisa da moxmarebis unar-Cveva, Sromisa da socialur garemoze zrunvisa da daxmarebis unar-Cvevebi, problemaTa efeqturi gadaWris unar-Cvevebi, dagegmvisa da gegmazomieri moqmedebis unar-Cvevebi. ganwyoba: am kompetenciis miRma myofi ganwyoba unda efuZnebodes Sromis, socialuri urTierTzrunvisa da urTierTpasuxismgeblobis, gamWvirvalobis faseulobebs. moswavles unda ganuvTardes socialurad gaWirvebul garSemomyofTa daxmarebis qcevis mzaoba; resursebis racionaluri xarjvisa da eTikurad moxmarebis qcevis mzaoba; problemaTa aqtiurad da efeqturad gadaWris qcevis mzaoba da a.S. erovnuli da globaluri kompetencia: codna: moswavlem unda nabij-nabij, safexureobrivad SeiTvisos codna iseT sferoebze, rogoricaa mdgradi ganviTareba, garemos dacva, cxovrebis jansaRi wesi; unda gaisigrZeganos sakuTari qveynis mdgomareobis kavSiri regionis mdgomareobasTan; regionis kavSiri evropasa da msoflioSi mimdinare
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procesebTan; unda gaacnobieros yvela am procesis urTierTgadajaWvuloba da ganmapirobebloba; unda gaacnobieros kacobriobis, rogorc msoflios erTiani sazogadoebis winaSe mdgari politikuri, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da socialuri gamowvevebi. unar-Cvevebi: jansaRi cxovrebis wesis dacvis Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi, garemos dacvis Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi, cvlilebaTa dagegmarebisa da marTvis unar-Cvevebi da a.S. ganwyoba: am kompetenciis Sesabamisi ganwyobebi unda efuZnebodes sakuTari samSoblos, regionis, evropisa da saerTod msoflios _ rogorc faseuli, urTierTdamokidebuli erTeulebis gacnobierebas. mdgradi ganviTarebis _ rogorc samSoblosa da danarCen msoflioze zrunvis samuSao iaraRis gaazrebas. moswavleSi unda aRvzardoT garemos dacvis, cxovrebis jansaRi stilis Sesabamisi qcevebis ganwyoba; mdgradi ganviTarebis globalur procesebSi sakuTari wvlilis Setanis qcevis mzaoba da a.S. samoqalaqo aRzrdis swavlebis mimarTulebebi demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavleba saskolo kulturis ganuyofeli komponentia, radgan warmoadgens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvisa da urTierTobebis damyarebis saSualebas.7 swavlebis mimarTulebebis gansazRvras martividan rTulisken, konkretulidan zogadisken swavlebis principi daedo safuZvlad. samive mimarTuleba erTaderTi saerTo miznis - moqalaqis Camoyalibebas emsaxureba. yoveli mimarTuleba asaxavs sagnis ZiriTad Sinaarss da efuZneba erT an ramdenime disciplinas. maTi mocemuli saxiT warmodgenis arsi swavla/ swavlebis gamartivebaa. es mimarTulebebi imavdroulad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvlebs asaxavs:
7 . , . -, . . , , , , 2009, . 17.
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pirovnuli ganviTareba mdgradi ganviTareba mmarTveloba*. * mimarTulebebis Tanamimdevroba pirobiTia. samive mimarTuleba TanabarmniSvnelovania. pirovnuli ganviTareba individualuri TviTganviTarebisa da sxvebis ganviTarebis procesia. individualur doneze pirovnuli ganviTareba moicavs im miznebs, gegmebsa da qmedebebs, romlebic mimarTulia Semdegi amocanis/ebis Sesrulebaze: TviTanalizis ganviTareba; TviTcodnis ganviTareba; identobis Zieba, migneba an ganaxleba; SesaZleblobebis an niWis ganviTareba; potencialis gansazRvra da ganviTareba; adamianuri kapitalis ganviTareba; cxovrebis xarisxis amaRleba; pirovnuli ganviTarebis gegmis gansazRvra da Sesruleba. mdgradi ganviTareba - cvlilebaTa procesia, romelSic bunebrivi resursebis moxmareba, investiciebi, mecnierulteqnikuri ganviTareba, pirovnebis ganviTareba da instituciuri cvlilebebi urTierTSeTanxmebulia da ganamtkicebs adamianis moTxovnilebebisa da miswrafebebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro awmyosa da samomavlo potencials. garkveulwilad saubaria adamianTa cxovrebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze. ufro xSirad mdgrad ganviTarebas ganmartaven, rogorc `ganviTarebas, romelic awmyos moTxovnebs imgvarad akmayofilebs, rom momaval Taobebs ar arTmevs moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas~.8 mmarTveloba marTvis aqtivobaa. is ukavSirdeba im gadawyvetilebebs (individualur, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis do8 United Nations. 1987.`Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.` General Assembly Resolution 42/187, 11 December 1987. Retrieved: 2007-04-12; Smith, Charles; Rees, Gareth (1998). Economic Development, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN0333722280
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neze), romlebic gansazRvravs molodinebs, Zalauflebis miniWebas an saqmianobis kontrols. is moicavs damoukidebel, an marTvisa da liderobis procesebis specifikur nawils.
arsebiTi samoqalaqo unarebi

unari inteleqtualuri damaxasiaTebeli gamovlinebebi informaciis Tavmoyra, analizi, axsna-ganmarteba, Sejameba, Sefaseba da wardgena; informaciis daxarisxeba; Sesabamisobebisa da mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; sakiTxis, misi istoriis da dRevandelobasTan Sesabamisobis gageba; poziciis gansazRvra, aRwera, Sefaseba da dacva; ZiriTadi kanonebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis rolis gageba gansjisTvis kriteriumebis gansazRvra; CarTulobis Sefaseba; Sedegebis gansazRvra; uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis gansazRvra; problemebis gadaWra da moqmedeba. gavlenis politika; gaerTianeba; koaliciis Seqmna; molaparakeba, kompromisi da SeTanxmebis Zieba; gadawyvetilebis miReba; informaciis mogroveba; saWiroebebisa da resursebis gansazRvra; faseulobebis gansazRvra; TanamSromlobiTi swavla; sxvebis mosmena; gansxvavebuli rasis, sqesis, kulturis, sqesobrivi orientaciis, religiis, eTnikurobis, asakisa da ideologiis mqone adamianebTan muSaoba;
monawileobis
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kvlevis
biblioTekis, wignebis, Jurnalebis, internetisa da sxva resursebis gamoyeneba; mediaSi konkretuli sakiTxis Tvalyuris devneba; sazogadoebaSi calkeuli sakiTxebis kvleva; Sexvedrebze daswreba, angariSi da msjeloba; mediis gamoyeneba informaciis mogrovebisa da analizisTvis; informaciis miReba jgufebisa da individebisgan; sxvadasxva sakiTxebze informaciis moZiebis/wvdomis Seswavla; informaciisa da misi wyaroebis saimedobis gansja; Sexedulebisa da mcdari warmodgenis Seswavla. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobaSi monawileoba; werilebis miwera gazeTis, qalaqis an qveynis warmomadgenlebisTvis; jgufisa da piradi interesebis gansazRvra; jgufisa da piradi uflebebis da interesebis dasacavad kanonieri saSualebebis gamoyeneba; Sexedulebis mxardasaWerad logikuri dasabuTebis SemuSaveba; lideris unarebis gamovlena; verbaluri da weriTi unarebis ganviTareba; argumentis dacvis Seswavla; sxvebis dayolieba samoqalaqo qmedebaSi CasarTavad.
darwmunebis/ dasabuTebis
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saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone mozardis samoqalaqo aRzrdiT misaRwevi Sedegebi, mimarTulebebis mixedviT: pirovnuli ganviTareba mdgradi ganviTareba mmarTveloba
1. moswavle 6. moswavle aanalizebs saafasebs adakuTar pirovnul mianisa da Tvisebebs, missazogadoewrafebebsa da bis rols SesaZleblobebs. socialuri 2. moswavle problemebis gansazRvravs sagadawyvetaSi. kuTar adgilsa da mniSvnelobas 7. moswavle sazogadoebaSi. aanalizebs mra3. moswavle valferovan axasiaTebs prosazogadoebaSi fesionalizmis samarTliani mniSvnelobas urTierTobis pirovnebis ganvifaqtorebs. TarebisaTvis. 4. moswavle 8. moswavle gansazRvravs ganixilavs sakuTar SesaZlesaqarTvelos blobebs da admdgradi ganvigens momavali Tarebis Sesasaqmianobis gegZleblobebs. mas. 5. moswavle akavSirebs Tavisufali pirovnebisa da aqtiuri moqalaqis Tvisebebs.
9. moswavle ganixilavs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs. 10. moswavle ganixilavs kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobas saxelmwifosTvis 11. moswavle axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mowyobasa da mmarTvelobas. 12. moswavle ikvlevs saqarTvelos moqalaqis sazogadoebrivpolitikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis formebsa da saSualebebs. 13. moswavle aanalizebs moqalaqeebis rols qveynis demokratizaciis procesSi.
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misaRwevi Sedegebi da indikatorebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT

mimarTuleba: pirovnuli ganviTareba aanalizebs sakuTar pirovnul Tvisebebs, miswrafebebsa da SesaZleblobebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: CamoTvlis ra sWirdeba adamians arsebobisTvis da Seusabamebs maT sakuTar survilebs; monawileobs mcire jgufSi adamianis moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazrebis ganixilvaSi. warmoadgens jgufis mier dasaxelebul da mniSvnelobis mixedviT dalagebul adamianis moTxovnilebaTa CamonaTvals; CamoTvlis adamianis grZnobebs, emociebs, Tvisebebs da gamo yofs maTgan dadebiTs. ganasxvavebs adamianis Tandayolil da SeZenil Tvisebebs, romlebic aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi srulfasovani cxovrebisTvis; msjelobs adamianur Rirsebaze, ganmartavs mas, mohyavs maga liTebi misi Selaxvisa da dacvis Sesaxeb, cxovrebidan an mxatvruli literaturidan. asabuTebs sakuTar ganwyobas adamianis Rirsebis zrunvagafrTxilebasTan dakavSirebiT; jgufTan erTad gaiTamaSebs situacias, rodesac ilaxeba adamianis Rirseba an Tavisufleba gamoTqvams da asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas am Rirebulebebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb; gadmoscems sakuTar gancdebs (mag: rodis grZnobs, rom sxvebze arc ukeTesia da arc uaresi, rodis grZnobs, rom Rirseulad iqceva); msjelobs impulsur qcevasa (`minda~) da nebelobiTi qcevas (`saWiroa~) Soris gansxvavebaze, mohyavs konkretuli magaliTebi da akeTebs dasabuTebul arCevans maT Soris.
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ganixilavs SemTxvevebs, rodesac pirovneba iRebs pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar saqcielze da rodesac is ase ar iqceva. gansazRvravs sakuTar adgilsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebaSi. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: ganmartavs, ras niSnavs sazogadoeba da mohyavs misi magaliTebi; gansazRvravs im sazogadoebebs, romlebsac Tavad miekuTvneba; zneobas, zrdilobasa da disciplinas ukavSirebs adamianisa da sazogadoebis keTildReobas, aanalizebs maT rolsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebis ganviTarebisaTvis/qmedunarianobisaTvis; aanalizebs sazogadoebaSi moqcevis motivebs (sasjelis SiSi, jildo/sargebeli, sxvaTa mowoneba/konformizmi, kanonmorCileba, sindisis karnaxi da a.S.). ganasxvavebs moralur arCevansa da qcevas dasjis SiSiTa Tu sazogadoebis zewoliT ganxorcielebuli arCevanisa da qcevi sagan; msjelobs ojaxze, rogorc sazogadoebis ZiriTad Rirebu lebasa da adamianis ZiriTad garemoze. gamokveTs ojaxis struqturas da funqciur rolebs masSi. aanalizebs ojaxSi pasuxismgeblobebis ganawilebis sakiTxs da msjelobs sakuTar pasuxismgeblobaze; msjelobs Tavis Tavze rogorc ojaxisa da skolis Temis wevrze, sakuTar rolze, funqciebze, uflebebze, movaleobebsa da valdebulebebze. afasebs ojaxisa da Temis cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis mniSvnelobas; msjelobs ojaxSi, skolasa da TemSi arsebul saerTo wesebze, normebsa da tradiciebze, maTi pativiscemisa da dacvis mniSvnelobaze; msjelobs adamianisa da sazogadoebis urTierTdamokidebulebaze, ganasxvavebs pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis interesebs;
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axasiaTebs profesionalizmis mniSvnelobas pirovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: CamoTvlis, misi azriT, ramdenime warmatebul TvalsaCino adamians, ganixilavs maTi warmatebis pirovnul mizezebs da gamoyofs maTgan profesiuls; CamoTvlis adamianis profesionalizmis maxasiaTeblebs da ukavSirebs adamianis Tandayolil da SeZenil Tvisebebs; profesionalizmis maxasiaTeblebs ajgufebs pirovnuli Tvisebebis mixedviT; ajgufebs adamianis profesionalizmis pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs codnis, unarisa da Sromisadmi ganwyobis mixedviT; asabuTebs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis kavSirsa da mniS vnelobas profesionalizmisaTvis; msjelobs, ra gavlenas axdens adamianis profesionalizmi sazogadoebaSi mis mdgomareobaze; gansazRvravs sakuTar SesaZleblobebs, adgens momavali saqmianobis gegmas. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: CamoTvlis sakuTar miznebs (mag: viyo ganaTlebuli, mdidari, janmrTeli, lamazi, vicxovro usafrTxod da a. S.), romlebic saqmianobasTan/SromasTan aris dakavSirebuli. msjelobs maT realurobasa da miRwevis gzebze. miznebis ganxorcielebis gzebs akavSirebs Sesabamis movaleobebTan; sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miznebis analizis safuZvelze asaxelebs saqmianobis im sferos, romelsac savaraudod ukavSirebs sakuTar momaval moRvaweobas. jgufSi gamoavlens Tanamoazreebs, romlebTan erTadac agrovebs informacias am sferos Sesaxeb da misi mimoxilvis Semdeg akeTebs ganacxads mini-proeqtisTvis `Cemi momavali profesia da winsvla~; maswavleblis daxmarebiT, jgufTan erTad saxavs im gzebs, romlebic daexmareba mas profesiis arCevanis gakeTebaSi,
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rac gulisxmobs: informaciis moZiebisa da analizis etapebs, vadebs, gamosayenebli meTodebis (mag: gamokiTxva, interviu, adgilze gacnoba da a.S.) gansazRvras; maswavlebelTan da TanamoazreTa jgufTan erTad ganixilavs Sesaswavl sagnebs, arkvevs maT mniSvnelobebs. gamoyofs im saswavlo disciplinebs, romlebic daexmareba dasaxul profesiul winsvlaSi. sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miswrafebebis analizis safuZvelze wers Txzulebas - argumentirebul esses: `rogor mesaxeba Cemi momavali kariera~ (dasaxuli miznebi da maTi miRwevis gzebi, sasurveli da gardauvali movlenebi, misi Canafiqris Sesabamisoba sazogadoebriv interesebTan); Txzulebas warudgens Tanajgufelebs. akavSirebs Tavisufali pirovnebisa da aqtiuri moqalaqis Tvisebebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: gamoyofs msgavs niSnebs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da moqalaqis aqtiurobidan; akavSirebs adamianis uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis movaleobebTan; msjelobs sazogadoebaSi Tavisufali pirovnebis aqtiuri moqalaqeobisaTvis aucilebel pirobebze.
mimarTuleba: mdgradi ganviTareba

afasebs adamianisa da sazogadoebis rols socialuri problemebis gadawyvetaSi. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: sakuTar dasaxlebaSi gamoyofs sxvadasxva socialur umciresobebs (mag:, martoxela moxucebi, invalidebi, miusafari bavSvebi, imigrantebi da a.S.). msjelobs sazogadoebaSi am adamianebisadmi arsebuli ganwyobebis Taviseburebebze;
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gamoyofs misi azriT, saqarTveloSi, yvelaze daucvel socialur jgufebs da msjelobs sazogadoebis mxridan maTi daxmarebis SesaZleblobebze. asabuTebs sakuTar mosazrebas; msjelobs imaze, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia mas/ojaxs/ skolas/Tems qarTul sazogadoebaSi jansaRi dRis reJimis ideis popularizaciisaTvis; msjelobs sazogadoebaSi sigaretis da alkoholis upasuxismgeblo moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebisa da Tambaqos moxmarebis problemis daZlevis saqmeSi sakuTar wvlilze; irCevs im socialur jgufs, romelsac, misi azriT, danarCeni sazogadoebis Tanadgoma sWirdeba. gamoavlens am jgufis saerTo miznebsa da amocanebs. TanatolebTan erTad gegmavs am socialuri jgufis (an konkretuli warmomadgenlebis) dasaxmarebel RonisZiebebs; aRwers Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia mas sazogadoebaSi narkotikuli saSualebebis avadmoxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis gacnobierebasa da narkotikebis aralegaluri brunvis problemis daZlevis saqmeSi; msjelobs imaze, Tu ra wvlilis Seetana SeuZlia mas sazogadoebaSi araZaladobrivi urTierTobebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi. ojaxSi, skolaSi, TemSi urTierpativiscemasa da adamianis uflebebis dacvaze dafuZnebuli urTierTobebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi; wers Txzulebas socialuri daavadebebis (mag: alkoholizmi, narkomania, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) mqone adamianebisadmi danarCeni sazogadoebis wevrTa damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sadac asabuTebs sakuTar pozicias mis mier aRwerili urTierTobis samarTlianobis Sesaxeb; monawileobs diskusiaSi `ra SegviZlia SevmatoT Cvens sofels/dabas/qalaqs?~, romlis mizania Sesabamisi saWiroebebisa da TanatolTa SesaZleblobebis dazusteba. SeimuSavebs sakuTar samoqmedo gegmas, romelsac SeaTanxmebs TanatolebTan. dagegmil aqtivobebSi TamaSobs misTvis gamoyofil rols;
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aanalizebs mravalferovan sazogadoebaSi samarTliani urTierTobis faqtorebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: Tavisi jgufis magaliTze msjelobs adamianis pirovnul da sazogadoebriv interesebze. gamoyofs im saerTo interesebs, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi TanxmobisTvis; ganmartavs Tanasworobas da mohyavs Sesabamisi magaliTebi; axasiaTebs sazogadoebaSi samarTliani urTierTobebis pirobebs da maT ukavSirebs mravalferovan niSnebs; erTmaneTTan akavSirebs Tanasworobis principsa da urTierTobaTa samarTlianobis normebs; TanatolebTan erTad, sakuTari dakvirvebebis safuZvelze, SearCevs da gaiTamaSebs romelime konfliqtur situacias, ganixilavs misi mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebs, (mag: interesebis poziciidan, wesebis poziciidan), airCevs mocemuli SemTxvevisaTvis yvelaze efeqtur gzas, asabuTebs sakuTar mosazrebas. irCevs romelime bolodroindel konfliqts (mag. sakuTari gamocdilebidan, klasSi momxdars, masmediis saSualebiT gaxmaurebuls an sxva) Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad ganixilavs mas. gansazRvravs konfliqtis romel jgufs miekuTvneba mis mier SerCeuli SemTxveva (RirebulebiTi, informaciuli, urTierTdamokidebulebiTi, instituciuri, interesta), gamoyofs konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis moqmedebebs da jgufTan erTad msjelobs mis gamomwvev mizezebze da misi mogvarebis gzebze; msjelobs TanatolebisaTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze (megobroba, mSobelTan urTierToba, prfesiis arCeva da a.S), gamijnavs mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva poziciebis Zlier da sust mxareebs.
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ganixilavs saqarTvelos mdgradi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: sakuTari dasaxlebis magaliTze CamoTvlis adamianis sxva dasxva saqmianobas, romlebic Semosavlis misaRebad xorcieldeba da ajgufebs maT saqonlis warmoebisa Tu momsaxurebis mixedviT. TiToeul saqmianobas Seusabamebs gamoyenebuli resursebis tipebs (mag: bunebrivi, adamianuri, kapitaluri); TanatolTa jgufTan erTad SearCevs da Camowers ramde nime kanonsa da sakonstitucio debulebas, romelTa dacvac uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigsa da usafrTxo cxovrebis pirobebs (mag: skola, ojaxi, ubani, qalaqi da a.S.); monawileobs diskusiaSi kanonis uzenaesobis aucileblobisa da kanonierebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. monawileobs debatebSi `romeli wesebia ufro Zlieri dawerili Tu dauwereli?~; sakuTar pozicias asabuTebs konkretuli magaliTebis (Tanamedrove sinamdvilidan, mxatvruli literaturidan an istoriidan) moSveliebiT da Sefasebisas gamoyofs kriteriumebs, romlebsac is eyrdnoba; msjelobs, rogor moiqceva misi uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi da xsnis, ratom unda gauwios angariSi sxvis Tavisuflebebs sakuTari uflebebis dacvisas; msjelobs sxvadasxva socialuri garemos (mag: samegobro, samezoblo, profesiuli da sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi) Camoyalibebisa da mdgradobis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebze (mag: saerTo Rirebulebebi, interesebi, Tvisebebi, pirobebi, miswrafebebi da a.S.). msjelobs im niSan-Tvisebebze, romelic damaxasiaTebelia saqarTvelosTvis. paralelebs avlebs sxva qveynebTan.
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mimarTuleba: mmarTveloba
ganixilavs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: aRwers saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis safuZvlebsa da pirobebs; monawileobs diskusiaSi `ra moxdeboda yvelas rom hqondes mxolod ufleba da ar gaaCndes movaleoba? saWiroa Tu ara pasuxismgebloba da risTvis?~; adarebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso deklaraciis debulebebTan; msjelobs saqarTveloSi moqalaqeTa Tanasworuflebianobis garantiebze; adgens asakobriv drois xazs, romelzedac miuTiTebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis ZiriTad uflebebs, movaleobebsa da Sesabamis pasuxismgeblobebs; saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobebs ajgufebs maTi ganxorcielebis pirobebis mixedviT (mag: sakmarisia moqalaqis neba, sakmarisia sazogadoebrivi SeTanxmeba, aucilebelia saxelmwifos moqmedeba).
ganixilavs kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobas saxelmwifosTvis Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: msjelobs sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva normisa da kanonis arsebobis aucileblobis Sesaxeb; monawileobs diskusiaSi `ratom arRveven bavSvebi kanons?~; msjelobs arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa uflebebsa da maTi
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dacvis sakanonmdeblo garantiebze. wers Temas: `ras vurCevdi Tanatols~; msjelobs sxvadasxva tipis (mag: qurdoba, mkvleloba, korufcia, diskriminacia, TaRliToba, Zaladoba da sxva) danaSaulis gamomwvev mizezebsa da maTi Semcirebis gzebze; msjelobs kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobaze TiToeuli moqalaqis interesebisTvis (mag.: wesrigi, patiosani urTierToba, adamianis uflebaTa dacva, samarTlianoba da sxva). mohyavs Sesabamisi magaliTebi sakuTari dakvirvebebidan; monawileobs saklaso diskusiaSi: àqvs Tu ara Cvens sazogadoebas kanonierebis kultura?~; afasebs sazogadoebis damokidebulebas am sakiTxisadmi sakuTar dasaxlebaSi (an qveyanaSi). msjelobs moqalaqeebis, sakanonmdeblo da samarTaldamcavi organoebis urTierTkavSirze. wers klasSi gamarTuli diskusiis oqms an angariSs; msjelobs, rogor moiqceva misi uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi da xsnis, ratom unda gauwios angariSi sxvis Tavisuflebebs sakuTari uflebebis dacvisas; CamoTvlis sazogadoebaSi moqmed `dauwerel kanonebsa~ da wesebs, msjelobs warmoadgenen Tu ara isini moralur normebs, moiZiebs msgavs `dauwerel kanonebsa~ da wesebs sxva dasxva xalxis kulturaSi; adarebs maT erTmaneTTan da afasebs, ramdenad misaRebia isini misTvis; TanatolebTan erTad SeimuSavebs da icavs jgufSi samarTliani urTierTobebis/qcevis wesebs; ganmartavs, ras niSnavs samarTali da asaxelebs im kanonebs, romlebic Seesabameba mis zneobriv Rirebulebebs; xsnis, Tu ratom evaleba pirovnebas kanonis dacva. asaxelebs im saSiSroebebs, rac mosdevs adamianis (gansakuTrebiT arasrulwlovanis) arakanonier moqmedebas.
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moswavle axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mowyobasa da mmarTvelobas. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: msjelobs ganxsvavebebze centralur da adgilobriv xelisuflebas Soris; TanatolebTan erTad ajgufebs xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stoebs (aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo) da ganasxvavebs maT funqciebs; irCevs erT-erT saxelmwifo organos da ukavSirebs mas xelisuflebis Sesabamis Stos. ganixilavs am organos funqciebs da mis kavSirs xelisuflebis sxva organoebTan; adgens sakuTar dasaxlebaSi gadasaWrel sakiTxTa nusxas da Sesabamisad asaxelebs xelisuflebis im warmomadgenels, romelTanac unda moxdes pirveli mimarTva sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad. asabuTebs sakuTar daskvnas (Stosa da donis/instanciis mixedviT); jgufTan erTad irCevs romelime saxelmwifo organos (mag: gamgeoba/meria, parlamenti, sasamarTlo, saministro da a.S.) da monawileobs Sesabamis simulaciur TamaSSi `samsaxuris erTi dRe~; ganixilavs xelisuflebis erT-erTi organos (mag: parlamenti, prezidenti, qalaqis meri, TviTmmarTvelobis organo, mosamarTle da a.S.) arCevis wesebs. adarebs saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynis magaliTs. gamoyofs, misi azriT, maT Soris ufro samarTlian wess; jgufTan erTad moiZiebs informacias romelime arCeviTi Tanamdebobis an organos (mag.: skolis direqtori, deputati, meri an sxva) Sesaxeb da simulaciur arCevnebSi asrulebs misTvis gankuTvnil rols (mag.: amomrCeveli, kandidati, mxardamWeri, damkvirvebeli, Jurnalisti, samarTaldamcavi an sxva). erTmaneTs adarebs navaraudeb da miRebul Sedegebs, ris safuZvelzec TanaklaselebTan erTad afasebs TiToeuli monawilis rols/funqcias;
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CamoTvlis saxelmwifos demokratiulobis principebs (mag: xelisuflebis danawileba da warmomadgelobiTiba, mravalpartiuloba, sityvis Tavisufleba da a.S.) da TiToeulis mixedviT axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mmarTvelobas. adarebs romelime sxva demokratiul saxelmwifos. analizis safuZvelze akeTebs daskvnas, Tu romeli mmarTvelobaa ufro demokratiuli.
moswavle ikvlevs saqarTvelos moqalaqis sazogadoebrivpolitikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis formebsa da saSualebebs. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: drois xazze aRniSnavs im etapebs, rodesac moipova misTvis mniSvnelovani ufleba da gauCnda gansakuTrebuli movaleoba. imave xazze aRniSnavs etapebs, rodesac mas gansxvavebuli (damatebiTi an gafarToebuli) ufleba-movaleobebi gauCndeba (mag: marTvis, arCevnebSi monawileobis, daojaxebis, samxedro samsaxuri da a.S.); wers esses: `Cemi uflebebi da movaleobebi~. monawileobs skolis ganviTarebasTan (mag: swavlis xarisxi, teqnikuri aRWurviloba, Semosavlebis zrda, monawileoba erovnul Tu saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi da a.S) dakavSirebul saklaso diskusiaSi, konkretulad gamoTqvams da icavs sakuTar pozicias. irCevs misTvis an romelime socialuri jgufisTvis aqtualur konkretul problemas (mag: ganaTlebis miReba, dasaqmeba, adamianis uflebis darRveva, samoqalaqo dava, sagadasaxado konfliqti, socialuri usafrTxoeba, janmrTelobisa da garemos dacva, politikuri an religiuri diskriminacia da a.S.). moipovebs informacias, romlis analizis safuZvelze wers konkretuli problemis gadaWris gegmas (SesaZloa ramdenime variants) mxareTa uflebebis dacvisa da kanonieri moqmedebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. gansazRvravs
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sakuTar rols problemis mogvarebaSi, ikrebs Tanamoazreebs da moqmedebs gegmis Sesabamisad. afasebs sakuTari monawileobis efeqtianobas da Sedegebs uziarebs Tanaklaselebs; SearCevs romelime konkretul konfliqtur situacias moqalaqeTa cxovrebidan (socialuri, ekonomikuri an politikuri). Seiswavlis Seqmnil viTarebasa da mxareTa interesebs. TanatolebTan erTad gaiTamaSebs aRniSnul situacias da misi gadaWris alternatiul variantebs. msjelobs am gzebis avkargianobaze da megobrebTan erTad saxavs konfliqtis gadaWris samarTlebrivi gegmas. moswavle aanalizebs moqalaqeebis rols qveynis demokratiaSi. Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle: maswavlebelTan da TanatolebTan erTad adgens uflebebisa da movaleobebis nusxas, romelic saswavlo wlis manZilze maTTvis savaldebulo xasiTs iZens; msjelobs saqarTvelos konstituciiT miniWebul uflebebsa da movaleobebze da adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso deklaraciiT miniWebul uflebebsa da movaleobebze da adarebs erTmaneTs; saqarTvelos an sxva qveynis istoriidan asaxelebs movlenebs, rodesac saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi cvlilebebi moxda sazogadoebis zegavleniT. afasebs am movlenebis Sedegebs demokratiis mSeneblobaSi winsvlis (an ukusvlis) TvalsazrisiT; axasiaTebs demokratiis ZiriTad principebs da ukavSirebs maT adamianis uflebebsa da movaleobebs. misTvis cnobili saerTaSoriso dokumentebis debulebebis meSveobiT asabu Tebs sakuTar mosazrebas (mag: adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis konvencia da sxva); saqarTvelos konstituciaSi moiZiebs muxlebs, romlebic saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saarCevno uflebebs exeba. maTi
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gaanalizebis safuZvelze msjelobs maT Sesabamisobaze demokratiuli da samarTliani arCevnebis principebTan (mag: sayovelTaoba, pirdapiroba, kenWisyris faruloba, Tanasworoba). sakuTari skolis, dasaxlebis an regionis magaliTze afasebs sxvadasxva saarCevno (mag: maJoritaruli, proporciuli da a.S.) sistemebs moqalaqis uflebebis dacvis pozciidan; irCevs mniSvnelovan movlenas sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebidan da Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad ganixilavs am movlenaSi adamianTa monawileobis motivacias, SesaZleblobebsa da xarisxs. Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi dokumentebis analizis safuZvelze wers rekomendaciebs sazogadoebrivi Tanamonawileobis wasaxaliseblad.
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sakiTxTa CamonaTvali
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. adamianis moTxovnilebebi da SesaZleblobebi; adamiani sxvadasxva socialur jgufSi; ojaxuri valdebulebebi da pasuxismgebloba; TviTSefaseba, mizandasaxuloba da miRweva; srulwlovaneba, axali SesaZleblobebis da pasuxismgeblobebi; 6. profesionalizmi da pirovnebis ganviTareba; 7. TviTSefaseba, mizandasaxuloba da miRweva; 8. ganaTlebis miRebisa da profesiuli momzadebis SesaZleblobebi; 9. sakuTari cxovrebis dagegmva; 10. Tanasworoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi - umravlesoba da umciresoba; 11. konfliqtis ganviTarebisa da misi mogvarebis gzebi; 12. samarTliani samyaro da mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba; 13. sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba da misi komponentebi; 14. usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo; 15. demokratiis safuZvlebi da misi mniSvneloba sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi; 16. saqarTvelos konstitucia: saxelmwifos mowyoba, mmarT veloba da saqarTvelos moqalaqis maxasiaTeblebi; 17. samagaliTo moqalaqe da Rirseuli cxovreba; 18. mravalferovani saqarTvelo da mravalferovani samyaro; 19. moqalaqis monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi; 20. samarTali da morali; 21. samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi; 22. Tavisufali sazogadoeba da arCevani; 23. demokratiuli mmarTvelobis principebi da modelebi; 24. moqalaqe da moxele - pasuxismgeblobaTa ganawileba; 25. Tavisufali samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvlebi; 26. sazogadoebrivi azri, gadawyvetilebebi da maTi miRebis
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formebi; 27. monawileobis kultura: SesaZleblobebi, formebi da meqanizmebi; 28. gamWvirvaloba da sajarooba; 29. adamianis uflebebis dacvis saSualebebi: Tavisufali, samarTliani sasamarTlo da samarTaldamcavebi; 30. sazogadoebrivi dakveTa da saxelmwifo valdebulebebi.
swavla-swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi da meTodologia

skolis da maswavleblis mniSvneloba samoqalaqo aRzrdaSi moswavleebis, maTi mSoblebis, maswavleblebis, direqciisa Tu garemomcveli sazogadoebis aqtiuri monawileoba ganapirobebs miznebis (zogadi ganaTlebis) miRwevis xarisxsa da warmatebulobas,9 naTqvamia `zogadi ganaTlebis erovnul miznebSi~. mniSvnelovania, rom ganaTlebis muSakebma, politikosebma da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebma mxari dauWiron samoqalaqo aRzrdas sazogadoebis yvela segmentis, institutebis farTo speqtrisa da xelisuflebis saSualebiT. swavla aqtiuri procesia da am process yvela moswavle gansxvavebulad udgeba. yvela maswavleblis movaleobaa, Seuqmnas moswavleebs iseTi saswavlo garemo da misces iseTi davalebebi, romelic maT swavlis procesSi daexmareba.10 samoqalaqo ganaTlebis xelSemwyobi garemo moicavs ndobis atmosferos, partniorTa Soris dadebiTi urTierTobis formebs, urTierTpativiscemisa da Rirsebis gafrTxilebis,
9 , 2004. , - , -3 , , 2009.
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adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da pasuxismgeblobebis gasigrZeganebis, gulwrfeli urTierTobebisa da TviTgamoxatvisTvis keTilganwyobili garemos, mastimulirebel saswavlo situaciebis Seqmnas, rac moswavleTa Sinagani da garegani samyaros dakavSirebiT SemoqmedebiTi swavlis gzebis povnaSi gvexmareba. maswavlebels udidesi gavlena aqvs klasze, Tu misi qceva Rirseuli, eTikuri da gulwrfeli zrunvis gamomxatvelia. maswavleblis rolidan gamomdinare sazogadoebaSi, misi qcevis maRal standatrebs moelian rogorc saklaso oTaxSi, ise mis gareT. kargi maswavleblisTvis aucilebeli Taviseburebebis an faqtorebis CamoTvlam SesaZloa SegvzRudos da CarCoSi mogvaqcios. swavleba Zalze rTuli saqmianobaa, romelic codnasa da unar-CvevebTan erTad pedagogiur ganwyobas, saR azrsa da Tanaziarobis unars moiTxovs. Tanamedrove garemos dinamikuri bunebidan gamomdinare, maswavlebels ar aqvs statikuri roli, erT dRes SesaZlebelia codnis gadamcemi iyos, xolo meore dRes - msmeneli da TanamgrZnobeli. tradiciuli urTierTobis aseTi modeli: maswavlebeli codnis gadamcemi, xolo moswavle - mimRebi, swavlebis Tanamedrove kriteriumebs veRar akmayofilebs. isini arian swavlebis procesis Tanabaruflebiani monawileebi. `maswavlebelTa kompetenciebis CarCo~ gvTavazobs im aspeqtebis CamonaTvals, romelsac samoqalaqo ganaTlebis (da ara marto) maswavleblis kompetencia unda moicavdes: codna; damokidebulebebi da qcevebi (codna imisa, Tu rogor unda moiqce mocemul konteqstSi da ratom unda moiqce ase); ganwyobebi (cvlilebebisaTvis mzaoba, motivaciis grZnoba); proceduruli unarebi (codna imisa, Tu rogor Seasrulo samuSao); SemecnebiTi unarebi (kritikuli azrovneba da analizi); gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli unarebi (codna imisa, Tu ro-
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gor unda moaxdino konkretul SemTxvevaze reagireba arsebul informaciaze dayrdnobiTa da socialuri unarebis gamoyenebiT).11 ormagi standartebis safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad aranakleb mniSvnelovania yuradRebis gamaxvileba im faseulobebsa da principebze, romelic moswavlis uaxloesi konteqstebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. Tu swavlebis procesSi magaliTis (usityvo swavlebis) Zalasa da mniSvnelobas gaviTvaliswinebT, yuradRebiT da sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT im garemos samoqalaqo Rirebulebebs, romelSic moswavles uxdeba cxovreba da urTierToba (ix.sqema #1 `moswavlis uaxloesi konteqstebi~). sqema, mogvianebiT samoqalaqo swavlebis zogadi organizebis TvalsaCinod warmodgenaSic dagvexmareba. samoqalaqo aRzrdis mniSvnelovani nawili SeiZleba iyos sazogadoebrivi Sroma, romelic integrirebuli unda iyos skolis rogorc formalur, ise araformalur saswavlo gegmaSi. is swavlebis xelSemwyob faqtorad unda gamoviyenoT. skolam moswavleebs, ara mxolod, sakuTari skolisa da sazogadoebis samsaxuris SesaZleblobebi unda gaacnos, aramed sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis SesrulebisTvisac unda moamzados. maT unda SevuqmnaT rogorc xelmZRvanelobis, TviTmmarTvelobis, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis, ise sakuTar gamocdilebaze refleqsiis regularuli SesaZleblobebi.12
. , . -, . . , , , , 2009, . 11-12. Margaret Stimmann Branson,The Role of Civic Education, 1998
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me
Cemi ojaxi Cemi klasi Cemi skola Cemi qveyana
sqema #1: moswavlis uaxloesi konteqstebi
swavlebis mimarTulebebi demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavleba saskolo kulturis ganuyofeli komponentia, radgan warmoadgens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvisa da urTierTobebis damyarebis saSualebas.13
. , . -, . . , , , , 2009, . 17.
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mimarTulebebis Camoyalibebas martividan rTulisken, konkretulidan zogadisken principi daedo safuZvlad. samive mimarTuleba erTaderTi saerTo miznis - moqalaqed formirebis mizans emsaxureba. maTi mocemuli saxiT warmodgenis arsi miznisken savali gzis - swavla/swavlebis gamartivebaa. es mimarTulebebi, romlebic imavdroulad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvelic aris asea warmodgenili: pirovnuli ganviTareba, mdgradi ganviTareba, mmarTveloba. pirovnuli ganviTareba individualuri TviTganviTarebisa da sxvebis ganviTarebis procesia. individualur doneze pirovnuli ganviTareba moicavs im miznebs, gegmebsa da qmedebebs, romlebic mimarTulia Semdegi amocanis/ebis Sesrulebaze: TviTanalizis ganviTareba; TviTcodnis ganviTareba; identobis Zieba an ganaxleba; SesaZleblobebis an niWis ganviTareba; potencialis gansazRvra da ganviTareba; adamianuri kapitalis ganviTareba; cxovrebis xarisxis amaRleba; pirovnuli ganviTarebis gegmis gansazRvra da Sesruleba.14 mdgradi ganviTareba - cvlilebaTa procesia, romelSic bunebrivi resursebis moxmareba, investiciebi, mecnierulteqnikuri ganviTareba, pirovnebis ganviTareba da instituci uri cvlilebebi urTierTSeTanxmebulia. is amyarebs adamianis moTxovnilebebisa da miswrafebebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro awmyo da samomavlo potencials. garkveulwilad saubaria adamianTa cxovrebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze.15 ufro xSirad mdgrad ganviTarebas ganmartaven, rogorc `ganviTarebas, romelic awmyos moTxovnebs imgvarad akmayofilebs, rom momaval Taobebs ar arTmevs moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas~.16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development United Nations. 1987.`Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.` General Assembly Resolution 42/187, 11 December 1987. Retrieved: 2007-04-12; Smith, Charles; Rees, Gareth (1998). Economic Development, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN0333722280
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mmarTveloba marTvis aqtivobaa. is ukavSirdeba im gadawyvetilebebs (individualur, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis doneze), romlebic gansazRvravs molodinebs, Zalauflebis miniWebas an saqmianobis kontrols. is moicavs damoukidebel an menejmentisa da liderobis procesebis specifikur nawils.17 swavlebis Sedegad moswavles unda ganuviTardes samoqalaqo kompetenciis sami urTierTdakavSirebuli komponenti: moqalaqeobis codna, moqalaqeobis unar-Cvevebi da moqalaqeobrivi damokidebulebebi. amis Sesaxeb detalur informacias ixilavT qveTavSi `samoqalaqo kompetenciebi~. samoqalaqo aRzrdis meTodologia
meTodologia eyrdnoba gregori beiTsonis àdamiani-garemos~ sistemis logikuri doneebis koncefcias da Sesabamis meTodologiur sqemas. beiTsonis Tanaxmad, adamiani sakuTriv da mis garSemo arsebuli fizikuri, socialuri Tu geopolitikuri sinam dvile SesaZloa ganvixiloT, rogorc er http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance
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Tiani sistema, romelsac sxvadasxva erTmaneTTan logikurad dakavSire buli doneebi gaaCnia. am doneebis urTierTmimarTeba Cvens SemTxvevaSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba warmovadginoT: imis mixedviT, Tu ra aris samoqmedo mizani, SesaZloa gansxvavebuli masStabisa da zogadobis doneebi gamovyoT, mag., zemoT moyvanili sqemisagan gansxvavebiT, SesaZloa sqemaSi CavrToT òjaxi~, `Temi~, `sazogadoeba~, da a.S. amdenad, beiTsonis sqema ar warmoadgens dogmas. midgomis plusi swored misi moqnilobaa. maswvleblis/aRmzrdelis muSaobis principebi18 saaRmzrdelo muSaoba Semdeg principebs unda emyarebodes: aRzrdis mTlianoba - saaRmzrdelo muSaoba mimarTuli unda iyos pirovnebis fizikuri, fsiqikuri, socialuri da sulieri ganviTarebisaken. saaRmzrdelo muSaobis mTavari principi fizikurad da fsiqikurad jansaRi moqalaqis aRzrdaa. Semoqmedi, aqtiuri pirovnebis aRzrda - yvela bavSvi unikaluria. isini dajildoebulni arian gansxvavebuli niWiTa da SesaZleblobebiT. Sesabamisad, maswavleblis/aRmzrdelis funqciaa moswavlis Sinagani Zalebis aqtivacia da maTi niWisa da SesaZleblobebis gamovlenisaTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna. moswavleTa CarTuloba - es principi xels uwyobs moswavleebSi pasuxismgeblobisa da valdebulebis grZnobis ganviTarebas. maswavleblma/aRmzrdelma moswavleTa CarTulobis xelSesawyobad saSualeba unda misces maT monawileoba miiRon aqtivobebis (zeimebi, laSqrobebi, eqskursiebi da sxv.) dagegmvasa da am dros wamoWrili problemebis mogvarebaSi. damrigebelma maqsimalurad unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa interesebi. amgvari CarTuloba moswavleebs gamoumuSavebs iseT unar-Cvevebs, romlebic daexmareba maT damoukideblad moagvaron cxovrebaSi wamoWrili sirTuleebi da xels Seuwyobs Tavisufali pirovnebis formirebas.
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TanamSromlobis principi - maswavleblis/aRmzrdelis urTierToba moswavleebTan unda emyarebodes TanamSromlobas, urTierTpativiscemasa da urTierTndobas. maswavleblis/ aRmzrdelis muSaobis mizani unda iyos jgufSi TanamSromlobiTi garemos Seqmna.
ra aris interaqtiuri swavleba? interaqtiuri swavleba aris Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo midgoma, romelic eyrdnoba maswavleblisa da moswavlis axali rolebis Ziebasa da humanizmis principebs. is miznad isaxavs maswavlebelze orientirebuli avtoritaruli saswavlo procesis Secvlas, moswavleze orientirebuli saswavlo procesiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs am ukanasknelis interesebsa da moTxovnilebebs. interaqtiur swavlebas Semoaqvs pedagogikaSi swavlebis da codnis Sefasebis axali strategiebi. aqedan gamomdinare, icvleba swavlebis mizani. igi orientirebuli xdeba ara mxolod mza codnis miRebaze, aramed unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaze. moswavle interaqtiuri swavlebis subieqtia, misi aqtiuri monawilea. swavlebas safuZvlad edeba moswavlis piradi gamocdileba, piradad misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi da codna. swavlebis procesisadmi es axali midgoma eyrdnoba mniSvnelovan saganmanaTleblo mimdinareobas - konstruqtivizms. konstruqtivizmis ZiriTadi idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom vaswavloT moswavleebs Zveli da axali codnis Sedarebis meSveobiT axali informaciis Segroveba, daskvnebis damoukideblad gamotana, damoukideblad azrovneba, codnis konstruireba Seneba. asxvaveben codnis or saxes: erTi mxriv, aqtiuri swavleba-swavlis procesSi konstruirebul, kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad miRebul codnas da meore mxriv, faqtobriv, pasiurad SeZenil codnas. rodesac swavleba-swavlis procesi moswavlis kvleviTi interesebisaken aris mimarTuli, moswavles uviTardeba kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba, informaciis mopovebis, problemaTa gadaWris da komunikaciuri unarebi.
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Tanamedrove pedagogikaSi, ZiriTadad, Semdegi swavlis meTodebi gamoiyofa: konkretuli davalebis daswavla (`teqnologiurad~ agebuli gakveTili); saswavlo-kvleviTi saqmianoba (axali codnis Zieba; axali gamocdilebis, unar-Cvevebis aTviseba); TamaSis organizeba (situaciuri modelireba, roluri TamaSebi); diskusia (dialogi, komunikacia). teqnologiuri swavlebis meTodebi XX saukuneSi msoflio pedagogika cdilobda saswavlo procesis teqnologizacias, rac gulisxmobda saswavlo procesis teqnikuri saSualebebiT organizebas. amJamad, teqnologiuri swavlebis meTodebi ar gulisxmobs mxolod saswavlo procesSi teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebas. is moicavs saswavlo procesis konstruirebas, rac niSnavs: Sedegze orientirebuli konkretuli saswavlo miznebis dasaxvas; dasaxuli miznebis Sesabamisad saswavlo masalebis momzadebas; saswavlo procesSi mimdinare Sedegebis Sefasebas; saswavlo procesis saWiroebisamebr koreqcias; saboloo Sedegebis Sefasebas. kvleviTi swavlebis meTodebi swavlebis procesis kvleviTi mimarTuleba gulisxmobs axali codnis konstruirebas, rac xorcieldeba moswavleTa uSualo gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT. es midgoma ukavSirdeba `Tanamedrove aRzrdis~ evropaSi gavrcelebul mimarTulebasa da amerikul `progresul aRzrdas~. orive mimarTuleba swavlebis process agebs bavSvebis gamocdilebaze.
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swavlebis aseTi modelis mizania, ara mxolod axali codnis SeZena, aramed ukve arsebuli codnis gadamuSavebac. maswavlebelma dialogis, warmosaxvis, analogiebis, metaforis da sxva xerxebis gamoyenebiT unda waaxalisos moswavleebi da xeli Seuwyos SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas. pedagogiuri garemo xels uwyobs moswavles, damoukideblad Caswvdes Sesaswavli movlenisa Tu cnebis arss da gadaWras mis winaSe arsebuli problema. moswavle, upirveles yovlisa, gamoyofs problemas, Semdeg dasaxavs misi gadaWris alternatiul gzebs. arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze ikvlevs maT, akeTebs arCevans da gamoaqvs daskvnebi. avlebs paralels miRebul daskvnebsa da axal monacemebs Soris. kvleviTi, ZiebiTi mimarTuleba saswavlo procesSi dakavSirebulia kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebasTan. amisaTvis maswavlebelma saklaso oTaxSi unda Seqmnas SemoqmedebiTi saswavlo garemo. swavleba TamaSis meSveobiT TamaSi rTuli socialur-kulturuli fenomenia. mas mravali mecniereba Seiswavlis, maT Soris-pedagogikac. pedagogiur gamokvlevaTa didi nawili gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs TamaSis gamoyenebas saswavlo miznebisaTvis. gamoyofen saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebuli TamaSis ramdenime saxes: modelirebas, imitacias da Sejibrs. didaqtikuri TamaSebiT warmarTul swavlebis procesSi oTxi etapi gamoiyofa: 1. orientacia - maswavlebeli waradgens Sesaswavl Temas, auxsnis TamaSis wesebs. zogadad, mimoixilavs TamaSis mimdinareobas; 2. momzadeba - maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs scenars, TamaSis amocanebs, wesebs, rolebs, sxva procedurebs. 3. TamaSis Catarebis procesi; 4. TamaSis ganxilva - moswavleebi msjeloben TamaSze, mis siZneleebsa da warmatebebze. xdeba imitaciis Sedareba realur cxovrebasTan.
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diskusiis saSualebiT swavleba Tanamedrove didaqtikur meTodebs Soris erT-erTi wamyvani adgili uWiravs saswavlo diskusias. igi Tavisi arsiT dialogis xasiaTs atarebs. diskusiis meTodi moswavleebs uviTarebs komunikaciis, msjelobis kulturas. diskusiis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia ideebis, Sexedulebebis, mtkicebulebebis urTierTgacvla WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. diskusiis swori warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia misi organizeba da regulireba, diskusiis monawileni unda icavdnen wesebs, romlebsac maswavlebelTan erTad Tavad Camoayalibeben. diskusiis warmarTvis ramdenime forma arsebobs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, diskusia Tavisi arsiT dialogis xasiaTs atarebs. dialogi urTierTobis saukeTeso formaa, romlis saSualebiTac pirovnebebs Soris problemis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia swori gadawyvetilebis povna, ise, rom arc erTi mxare ar dazaraldes. dialogi aris TanamSromloba, romlis mizania SeTanxmeba; dialogis dros erTi mxare usmens meores, raTa mxareebi gaerkvnen da aRmoaCinon gansxvavebebi poziciebs Soris; dialogi moiTxovs adamianebisa da maTi ideebis pativiscemas; dialogi iZleva SesaZleblobas Ria komunikaciisaTvis maSin, rodesac moswavleebi ganixilaven problemur sakiTxebs. es meTodi 2000 wlisaa. igi warmoiSva berZnul filosofiaSi. misi Tanamedrove saxelwodebaa `kritikuli azrovneba~. dialogis warmatebiT da Sedegianad warimarTvisaTvis, aucilebelia Semdegi wesebis dacva: 1. azrebis gaziarebis dros erTmaneTis pativiscema (SesaZlebelia ar daeTanxmos sxvis mosazrebas, magram ar aqvs saubari Seawyvetinebis ufleba); 2. sakuTari mosazrebis ise gamoxatva rom sxvas Seuracxyofa ar miadges; 3. simarTlis dasabuTebis maqsimaluri mcdeloba (dezinformaciis amocnoba da Sesworeba); 4. sakuTari mosazrebis gasagebi eniT gamoxatva.
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maswavleblis valia ar daikavos romelime konkretuli pozicia, aramed diskusia ise warmarTos, rom dialogSi gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT konkretuli azri gamoikveTos. diskusiis CatarebaSi, mas daexmareba sworad dasmuli SekiTxvebi, romelic swor mimarTulebas miscems moswavleTa azrovnebas. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom SeiZleba ramdenime saklaso saaTi daWirdes, vidre diskusiis monawileTa umravlesoba Tavs komfortulad igrZnobs da SeZlebs Tavisi azris Tavisuflad gadmocemas. gakveTilze warmoebul dialogs sakmaod didi datvirTva aqvs. mis Casatareblad aucilebelia moswavleebma icodnen dialogis warmarTvis wesebi. maT unda icodnen, rom sakamaTo sakiTxebi SesaZloa ver gadaiWras dialogiT, magram es procesi daexmareba maT ifiqron problemaze, erTmaneTs gauziaron Sexedulebebi, azrebi, Caeban debatebSi da xeli Seuwyon urTierTTanamSromlobis atmosferos Sqmnas.
swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi

gonebrivi ieriSi warmoadgens jgufuri SemoqmedebiTi muSa obis meTods, romlis mizania konkretuli problemis gadasaWrelad maqsimaluri raodenobis ideebis Segroveba da ganxilva. gonebrivi ieriSi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aravin icis kiTxvaze pasuxi. saWiroa, gansaxilvel sakiTxze rac SesaZlebelia bevri ideisa da mosazrebis Segroveba da jgufTan konsensusis safuZvelze sasurveli raodenobis ideebis SerCeva. gonebrivi ieriSis dros didi raodenobiT ideebi grovdeba, romelTagan sabolood saWiro raodenobis ideebi SeirCeva. gonebrivi ieriSis procesi sakmaod martivia. Tavdapirvelad maswavlebeli gamoyofs gansaxilvel Temas da adgens gegmas. gonebrivi ieriSis dawyebamde aucilebelia jgufSi muSaobis wesebze SeTanxmeba. magaliTad, yvela idea sworia da yvela maTgani unda iyo ganxiluli. gonebrivi ieriSis proces-
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Si arafers ganvsjiT da vafasebT; mTavaria ideebis raodenoba da ara xarisxi; monawileebisa da wamyvanebisaTvis yvela idea misaRebia. moswavleebi dasmuli sakiTxis irgvliv asaxeleben rac SeiZleba bevr ideas. maswavlebeli maT dafaze an flipCartze iniSnavs. drois limiti winaswaraa gansazRvruli - magaliTad 10-15 wT. ideebis daweris Semdeg maswavlebeli maT xmamaRla kiTxulobs, ise rom jgufis yvela wevrisaTvis gasagebi iyos; Semdeg moswavleebi afaseben ideebs davuSavaT 3 an 5 balian skalaze da msgavs ideebs ajgufeben. sabolood SeirCeva yvelaze sasurveli, maRal qulian ideebi. rogorc aRvniSneT, gonebrivi ieriSi mihyavs maswavlebels; mas unda SeeZlos kargi mosmena, ukukavSiri da monawileebis waxaliseba ideebis misawodeblad. man xeli unda Seuwyos procesis mimdinareobas, rom rac SeiZleba meti idea da mosazreba Seagrovos. maswavlebeli procesSi neitraluria. gonebrivi ieriSis Semdeg xdeba Sedegis Sefaseba. gonebrivi ieriSis dros jgufis moswavleebi raodenoba ar unda iyos Zalian didi, Tumca didi jgufis SemTxvevaSic maswavlebelma unda SesZlos yvela moswavlis procesSi CarTva. sasurvelia monawileebi isxdnen wreSi, SesaZlebelia magidis irgvliv, xolo maswavlebeli ise idges jgufis win, rom yvela mxridan kargad Candes. gonebrivi ieriSis Casatareblad aucilebelia dafa an flipCarti da feradi markerebi. interaqtiuri mini leqcia aris mcire zomis leqcia, romlis mizania auditoriisaTvis garkveuli informaciis gadacema. leqcia moswavleebs ufro metad aZlevs codnas da naklebad iZleva unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom leqciis dros ufro aqtiuri maswavleblia, xolo moswavleebi SedarebiT pasiur mdgomareobaSi arian. saleqciod SeiZleba SeirCes nebismieri tipis masala. maswavlebelma winaswar unda moamzados Teoriuli da vizualuri masalebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan, grafikebi, fotoebi da a.S. raTa leqcia saintereso iyos moswavleebisaTvis. TvalsaCinoeba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani vizualuri tipis moswav-
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leebisaTvis, romelTac mxedvelobiTi mexsiereba ukeT aqvs ganviTarebuli. saleqcio masala logikuri TanamimdevrobiT unda iyos dalagebuli (martividan rTulisaken) da advilad gasagebi unda iyos moswavleebisaTvis; amave dros, is ar iyos gadatvirTuli Zalian bevri gansxvavebuli tipis informaciiT sasurvelia erTi leqcia erT Temas eTmobodes. leqciis wakiTxvisas maswavlebelma sasurvelia moswavleebi ise ganalagos, rom xeli Seewyos maT aqtiur monawileobas. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia ara frontaluri (rodesac maswavlebeli msmenelis win dgas dafasTan), aramed sadiskusio stilis (moswavleebi da maswavlebeli ganlagebuli arian wreSi, magidis irgvliv ise, rom yvela erTmaneTs kargad xedavs da maswavlebels aqvs saSualeba, miuaxlovdes nebismier moswavles) gamoyeneba. marTalia leqcia swavlebis SedarebiT pasiur formadaa miCneuli, magram maswavlebelma mainc unda waaxalisos moswavleebi CaerTon leqciis msvlelobaSi da dasvan maTTvis saintereso kiTxvebi. maswavlebelma mudmivad unda iqonios mxedvelobiTi kontaqti auditoriasTan. periodulad Seamowmos, ramdenad usmens auditoria da dasvas Sesabamisi kiTxvebi. leqciis bolos maswavlebeli daskvnis saxiT ajamebs ZiriTad punqtebs. mini leqciis Catarebas ar sWirdeba gansakuTrebuli materialur-teqnikuri aRWurviloba, Tumca sasurvelia yovelTvis gamoyenebul iqnas vizualuri masala- grafikebi, foto masala, cxrilebi da a.S. leqcia aseve SeiZleba Catardes eleqtronuli sademonstracio masalis (slaidebi, video da. a.S.) gamoyenebiT, rasac specialuri aRWurviloba sWirdeba- leptopi da proeqtori. diskusia aris interaqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi meTodi, romlis mizania sxvadasxva midgomis, ideisa Tu problemebis jgufSi ganxilva. Tu leqciis dros maswavlebeli awvdis moswavleebs informacias, diskusiis dros, piriqiT, moswavleebi arian aqtiuri da maswavlebeli iRebs maTgan informacias. rac ufro inten-
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siuria diskusia, miT ufro efeqturia is. diskusia efeqturi meTodia mTeli rigi unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebisaTvis: msjeloba, aqtiuri mosmena, gansxvavebuli azris pativiscema, argumentebis Camoyalibeba da sxva. diskusia SeiZleba kargi motivatori iyos moswavleebisaTvis, raTa maT damoukideblad moiZion informacia sadiskusio Temaze da uSualod diskusiis dros saTanado informacia hqondeT. sadiskusiod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nebismieri Tema, romlis Sesaxebac gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs. es SeiZleba iyos: mxatvruli nawarmoebi, an amonaridi, ilustracia, mokle filmi, melodia da a.S. sadiskusio Temebs axlavs xolme Semdegi kiTxvebiT: `ratom?~ `rogor?~, `ra moxdeboda?~, `ra aris gadawyveta~ da a.S. diskusiis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom moswavleebs sadiskusio Temaze sakmarisi codna unda hqondeT, rom SesZlon sakuTari azris gamoTqma, misi dacva an sxvisi azris gakritikeba winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi diskusia azrs dakargavs. diskusia, rogorc wesi, Semoifargleba ori sawinaaRmdego azris//poziciis ganxilviT. diskusis warmatebiT Catarebaze pirvel rigSi pasuxismgebeli maswavlebeli. man unda daareguliros procesi da Seasrulos fasilitatoris funqcia; mkafiod unda gansazRvros diskusiis Catarebis formati: vin da ra xnis ganmavlobaSi laparakobs, ra TanamimdevrobiT, rogor unda daisvas SekiTxvebi da a.S. maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos diskusiaSi yvela moswavlis monawileoba, waaxalisos SedarebiT pasiuri moswavleebi. maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad unda gansazRvros diskusiis ZiriTadi wesebi, mag.: moswavleebi erTdroulad ar laparakoben, ar awyvetineben sxvebs saubars, diskusiaSi yvela monawileobs, ganixilaven sxvebis mosazrebebs Tu poziciebs da ara pirovnebebs, yoveli moswavle asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas, sxvis azrs pativs scems. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom diskusiis procesSi is dominanturi ar unda iyos, ar unda gamoxatos simpaTia Tu antipaTia mokamaTe mxareebis mier gamoTqmuli mosaz-
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rebebisadmi. is unda iyos neitraluri da yvelasTan erTnairi damokidebuleba hqondes. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom diskusiis efeqturobisaTvis masSi Zalian bevri moswavle ar unda monawileobdes. amitom did jgufTan muSaobisas maswavlebelma unda SesZlos yvela moswavlis ise CarTva, rom diskusiam Tavisi funqcia ar dakargos. mniSvnelovania, rom diskusiisas `mowinaaRmdege~ mxareebSi moswavleebis Tanabari raodenoba iyos. sasurvelia `mowinaaRmdege~ mxareebi erTmaneTis pirdapir ganTavsdnen, xolo maswavlebels, rogorc diskusiis fasilitators, unda SeeZlos orive jgufTan Tavisufali urTierToba. diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg aucilebelia misi Sejameba, rasac Tavdapirvelad maswavlebeli akeTebs, xolo gamocdilebis dagrovebasTan erTad moswavleebic aqtiurad erTvebian. Sejamebisas unda gaanalizdes rogorc Sinaarsi, anu ris momcemi iyo diskusia, ra iswavles da a.S moswavleebma, aseve procesi - ramdenad komfortulad grZnobdnen moswavleebi Tavs, advili iyo Tu ara wesebis dacva da a.S. diskusiis Catareba, rogorc wesi, ar saWiroebs gansakuTrebul garemos an damxmare saSualebebs, Tumca sasurvelia dafis arseboba, diskusiaSi monawile mxareebs rom mieceT sakuTari azrebis werilobiT gamoxatvis saSualeba. diskusia sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs, moswavleTaTvis sainteresod da wamaxaliseblad warmarTos saswavlo procesi. diskusia moswavleebisaTvis erT-erTi sayvareli da sasiamovnod Sesasrulebeli meTodia. saklaso diskusia ramdenime ZiriTad mizans emsaxureba: 1. sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebis moswavleebis CarTva swavlis procesSi; 2. Tanasworobasa da urTierTpativiscemaze dafuZnebuli wesebis/reglamentis dacva; 3. sagakveTilo masalis ukeT gageba; 4. sagakveTilo masalaze dafuZnebuli argumentebis Camoyalibeba da gamoyeneba sakuTari poziciis gasamyareblad; 5. sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis SeZena, sakuTari Tavisadmi
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rwmenis ganmtkiceba. 6. diskusiis warmoeba: saklaso diskusiis ramdenime forma arsebobs: mag: jgufebSi; maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs Soris, an moswavleebs Soris. diskusiis warmoeba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi iseTi mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa: aqtiuri mosmena; sakuTari poziciis Camoyalibeba da argumentacia; gansxvavebuli azris mosmena da gaTvaliswineba; daskvnebis gamotana; TanamSromloba. gavrcelebulia diskusiis Semdegi formebi: ,,mrgvali magida~ _ saubari, romelSic Tanabar sawyisebze monawileobs moswavleTa mcire jgufi (4-5 kaci), xdeba azrTa urTierTgacvla, rogorc erTmaneTTan, aseve _ klasTan. `paneluri diskusia~ _ jgufs hyavs winaswar SerCeuli lideri. jgufi sakiTxs ganixilavs damoukdieblad da Semdeg warudgens klass. jgufis TiToeul wevrs aqvs Tavisi mosazrebebis sajarod gamoTqmis ufleba. `forumi~ _ hgavs panelur diskusias, romlis drosac jgufi axdens azrTa da ideaTa urTierTgacvlas klasTan. `simpoziumi~ _ monawileebi warmoadgenen informaciebs da daskvnebs. isini gamoTqvamen sakuTar Tvalsazriss ama Tu im sakiTxis irgvliv, agreTve, upasuxeben klasis SekiTxvebs. debatebi debatebi _ diskusiis erT-erTi formaa da agebulia monawileTa winaswar dagegmil gamosvlebze. wamomadgenlebs irCeven jgufidan. kamaTi iwyeba ori dapirispirebuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlis gamosvliT. maT Semdeg tribuna eTmobaT TiToeuli mxaris sxva monawileebsac SekiTxvebisa da komentarebisTvis. maswavlebelma TiToeuli gamomsvlelisTvis unda daadginos gansazRvruli dro. rogorc wesi, debatebis dawyebamde da misi dasrulebis
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Semdgom klasis saerTo Sexeduleba fasdeba, magaliTad:
pozicia: `. . . . ` gamarTlebulia gaumarTlebelia zogjer gamarTlebulia zogjer gaumarTlebelia
debatebis dawyebamde
debatebis dasasruls
debatebis gamoyeneba magaliTad, sikvdiliT dasjis Tema sakmaod aqtualuria kulturuli, politikuri da zogadad RirebulebiTi TvalsazrisiT. moswavleebi Temis garSemo mravalferovan informacias ikvleven. erTni sikvdiliT dasjis gamamarTlebel argumentebs pouloben, meoreni, piriqiT, _ sikvdiliT dasjis sawinaaRmdego argumentebs. SesaZloa ise moxdes, rom orive gundis argumentebi mesamem sakuTari poziciebis dasacavad gamoiyenos. am asakis bavSvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTrad gamoxatuli individualizmis miuxedavad, aqtiuri meTodebiT Catarebuli ocamde Temis gavlis Semdeg klasi sakmaod gaxsnili da gulaxdili iqneba. bavSvebi pirovnuli ambiciebisa da axirebebis mixedviT ki ar gaakeTeben arCevans, aramed _ argumentebisa da kriteriumebis kritikuli analizis safuZvelze. maswavleblis misiaa moswavleebs debatebiT swavlebis stragegia daanaxos. àmogzauros~ Semecnebis am uaRresad saintereso gzaze, ra drosac codnis, gancdis, emociisa da damokidebulebis sinTezi miiRweva. mainc, ra upiratesoba aqvs debatebs? debatebi saswavlo procesis Sesaxeb fiqri da masze dak-
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virvebaa. moswavleebma bavSvobis asakidan uamravi ram iswavles. Tavidan yvelaferi erTi sityvis warmoTqmiT daiwyo, Semdeg yvelaferi gamravlda da gaiSala. debatebi aris is saSualeba, romelic dasaSvebisa da dauSvebelis, nawilisa da mTelis, sityvisa da saqmis principebs Seiswavlis, ukiduresobebs gamokveTs da msgavseba-gansxvavebebs warmoaCens. debatebi informaciis mopovebis efeqtiani meTodia. moswavlem debatebSi warmatebisaTvis uamravi axali masala unda moiZios. aqtiurad usminos oponentis informacias da is dialogis warmarTvisaTvis gamoiyenos. Cveulebriv kamaTi SeiZleba kontrols aRar daemorCilos. debatebisas procesebi srulad kontroldeba. Tavdapirvelad, moswavleebs wesebi sakmaod mkacri da Znelad dasacveli eCvenebaT, magram maT gareSe samarTlianobis SenarCuneba da piradi Seuracxyofis gamoricxva SeuZlebelia. debatebi iZleva kamaTis xelovnebis praqtikul gamocdilebas, rac mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi ase mniSvnelovania adamianisaTvis. debatebisaTvis saWiro unarebi aucilebelia, rogorc profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve zogadad samoqalaqo cxovrebisaTvis. logikur msjelobaze, damamtkicebel masalaze, magaliTebsa da statistikur monacemebze dafuZnebuli daskvna, anu argumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis erToblioba, qmnis pozicias mtkices an meryevs. meTodi ,,kuTxeebi~ meTodi `kuTxeebi~ gamoiyeneba saklaso diskusiis warmarTvisas, kamaTis provocirebisa da jgufebs Soris paeqrobis gasaCaReblad ori an meti poziciis arsebobisas. es savarjiSo aqtiurad da xalisianad sruldeba. es meTodi, agreTve, kargia klasSi teqstis kiTxvis, leqciis mosmenis, filmis Cvenebis Semdeg STabeWdilebebis Sesafaseblad, gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisis dasafiqsireblad.
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meTodi ,,kuTxeebi~ moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs gamoTqvan sakuTari azri da daicvan TavianTi pozicia. agreTve, yuradRebiT mousminon sxvebis argumentebs da amis mixedviT garkveuli msjelobis Semdeg gaiziaron an ar gaiziaron gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi (Secvalon an ar Secvalon sakuTari pozicia). pedagogi moswavleebs sTavazobs sadiskusio Temas. moswavleebi indivi dua lurad irCeven garkveul pozicias da ikaveben saklaso oTaxSi àm poziciisaTvis~ gankuTvnil adgils (SesaZlebelia arCeul iqnes saklaso oTaxis kuTxeebi, mer xebi, sadac keTdeba poziciis aRmniSvneli warwera). dajgufebuli moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT mosazrebebs da iwyeben jgufSi msjelobas, raTa Semdeg daasabuTon TavianTi versia argumentebiT (SesaZlebelia dasabuTeba werilobiT moxdes). moswavleebi unda Seecadon, rac SeiZleba damajerebeli da saintereso iyos prezentacia. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli exmareba jgufebs. moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskusiis msvlelobisas Seicvalon Sexeduleba _ gadaadgildnen erTi kuTxidan meoreSi da im jgufSi gadainacvlon, romlis mo sazrebasac axla eTanxmebian. mosmenis da kamaTis dros moswavleebma sasurvelia gaakeTon Cana werebi, rac daexmareba maT poziciis werilobiT gamoxatvasa da dacvaSi. ,,mozaika~ aqtivoba Sedgeba 4 etapisgan: I etapi: ZiriTadi jgufebis Sedgena da masalis ganawileba. klasi iyofa 4-kacian jgufebad. jgufis TiToeul wevrs urigdeba masala, romelic erTi mTliani informaciis (teqstis) raRac nawils Seadgens da aqvs garkveuli rigiTi nomeri (I, 2, 3, 4). man individualurad 10 wT-is ganmavlobaSi unda daamuSaos igi, Seiswavlos, raTa SeZlos miRebuli informacia sxvasac gadasces. II etapi: eqspertTa jgufebis mier masalis Seswavla. am etapze xdeba e.w. ,,eqspertTa jgufebis` Camoyalibeba.
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vinc amuSavebs #1 informacias, erTiandeba magidis irgvliv, romlis rigiTi nomeria 1, visac aqvs informacia #2, ikribeba meore magidis garSemo da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, TiToeuli magidis irgvliv aRmoCndebian erTi da imave informaciis mqone moswavleebi oTxive jgufidan, romlebic SemdgomSi gadaiqcevian e.w. informaciis èqspertebad~. isini erTad kiTxuloben da kidev erTxel swavloben saerTo masalas, eZeben am masalis sxvebisTvis gadacemis saukeTeso da efeqtian gzebs, meTodebs. weren gegmas, xazaven sqemebs da a.S. III etapi: ZiriTad jgufebSi dabruneba miRebuli codnis gadacemis mizniT. moswavleebi brundebian Tav-TavianT ZiriTad jgufebSi da rigiTi nomris dacviT (jer gadascems I nomeri, Semdeg_II da a.S.) warudgenen TavianT masalas erTmaneTs. jgufis mizania misma yvela wevrma srulyofilad aiTvisos ToToeuli wevris, èqspertis~ mier damuSavebuli masala. IV etapi: individualuri da jgufuri pasuxismgebloba, miRebuli codnis Sefaseba. jgufis TiToeuli wevri valdebulia saTanadod aiTvisos Tanagundelebis mier mowodebuli mTeli informacia (mozaikac swored amitom hqvia, nawilebidan _ mTlianisaken). miRebuli codna SeiZleba Semowmdes sxvadasxva gziT (mag.: werilobiTi formiT, zepiri TxrobiT, kiTxva-pasuxiT da sxva saxis wardginebiT). niSanTa sistemiT kiTxva niSanTa sistemiT kiTxva teqstze muSaobis erT-erTi formaa. am dros moswavleebi individualurad, damoukideblad kiTxuloben teqsts da mindorze akeTeben garkveul aRniSvnebs (teqstis gaswvriv, fanqriT): `V~-iT aRniSnaven nacnob informacias, `+~-iT axal informacias, `_~ -iT imis sapirispiros, rasac fiqrobdnen, `?~-iT_gaugebar an bundovan informacias. samuSaos meore etapia masalis daxarisxeba sqemis mixedviT.
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SesaZloa es samuSao Sesruldes rogorc individualurad, ise wyvilebsa da jgufebSi. am etapze monawileebi kidev erTxel gadaavleben Tvals TavianT aRniSvnebs da daanawileben, axarisxeben mas sqemis mixedviT.
`V~ nacnobi informacia `+~ axali informacia `_~ sapirispiro, rasac vfiqrobdi `?~ gaugebaria, bundovania
bolos xdeba prezentacia, romlis drosac monawileebi kiTxuloben sqemis mi xed viT daxarisxebul informacias. venis diagrama gamoiyeneba ori iseTi cnebis Sesadareblad, romelTac rogorc saerTo, ise gansxvavebuli niSnebi aqvT. mag.: 2 personaJis, movlenis, cnebis da a.S. diagrama saSualebas iZleva dadgindes saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli (Tvisebebi, niSnebi) maT Soris. mag.: marcxena rgolSi iwereba yvela is niSani, romelic danaSauls axasiaTebs, marjvniv _ Secdomis maxasiaTeblebi. SuaSi (rgolebis gadakveTis adgilas) _ yvelaferi, rac saerToa danaSaulisa da SecdomisaTvis.
danaSauli
Secdoma
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vici, viswavle, minda vicode
naswavli masalis Sejerebis, gameorebisa da codnis ganmtkicebis mizniT maswav le bels SeuZlia efeqtianad gamoiyenos sqema: `vici~, `viswavle~, `minda vicode~. samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebsa an jgufebSi. furceli an dafa iyofa 3 vertikalur grafad, romelTac vawerT: `vici~, `viswavle~, `minda vicode~. vici viswavle minda vicode
maswavlebeli moswavleebs mokled uxsnis maT winaSe dasmul amocanas da, Tu saWi rod CaTvlis, svams kiTxvebs provocirebisTvis. amis Semdeg, moswavleebi TanmimdevrobiT avseben samive grafas: `vici~ grafaSi weren yvelafers, rac maT icodnen gansaxilveli skiTxis Sesaxeb. `viswavle~ grafaSi weren imas, rac Seityves axali, xolo `minda vicode~ grafaSi weren imas, rac maT ainteresebT (rasac SeiZleba SekiTxvis saxec hqondes). Tu savarjiSo sruldeba jgufebSi, samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg xdeba prezentacia, romlis drosac jgufebi ar imeoreben ukve Tqmuls, aramed avseben maT TavianTi infor maciiT. savarjiSo gansakuTrebiT kargi da mosaxerxebelia erTi romelime konkretuli Temis Sesajameblad, wina klasebSi ganvlili masalis gasaxseneblad da axal naswavlTan da sa kavSireblad, analitikuri da kvleviTi unaris gasaviTareblad.
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T diagrama es sqema maswavlebelma SeiZleba mravalmxriv gamoiyenos. igi Zalze mosaxerxebelia sapirispiro mosazrebaTa gamosaTqmelad, movlenebisa Tu faqtebis Sesapirispireblad da Se sadareblad, moqmed gmirTa dasaxasiaTeblad. T sqema saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovaCinoT dapirispireba gansaxilvel sakiTxebs (faqtebs, movlenebs, adamianebs, sagnebs da a.S.) Soris. savarjiSo kargia informaciis dasaxarisxeblad (vTqvaT, dadebiTad da uaryofiTad) da dasajgufeblad. samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad, maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr: dafaze, rveulSi an Tabaxis furcelze. ivseba jer sqemis marcxena mxare (5 wT.), Semdeg _ marjvena (5 wT.).
azrobrivi ruka azrobrivi rukis mizania konkretul sakiTxebze moswavleTa (klasis) codnis dadgena-Semowmeba. igi xels uwyobs arsebuli informaciis Sekreba-mobilizebas, axali ideebis dabadebasa da gamoxatvas. wris SuagulSi iwereba erTi an ori sityva (nawarmoebis saTauri, sakvanZo sityva, gamonaTqvami, personaJis saxeli, adgilis saxelwodeba da a.S...), irgvliv ki - yvela azri, romelic am sityvas ukavSirdeba.
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àzrobrivi ruka~ warmoadgens efeqtian saSualebas personaJis, movlenis, ideis dasaxasiaTeblad. igi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT moswavleTa motivaciisTvis. ,,reitingi~ meTodi gamoiyeneba klasisaTvis konkretuli informaciis misawodeblad an jgufebSi mizanmimarTuli diskusiis waxaliseba-stimulirebisaTvis. maswavlebeli winaswar amzadebs baraTebis kompleqts _ TiToeuli jgufisTvis 9 baraTs da gansaxilvel TemasTan dakavSirebul 9 mosazrebas (TiTo winadadebas wers TiTo baraTze). jgufebSi ganixilaven SemoTavazebul mosazrebebs da alageben maT mniSvnelobis xarisxis mixedviT. reitingis sqemas SeiZleba kibis an mravalkuTxedis forma mieces. safexureobrivi reitingis Sedgenisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovani mosazreba sul zemoT Tavsdeba, mis qvemoT masze nakleb mniSvnelovani,
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momdevno safexurze _ kidev ufro nakleb mniSvnelovani da a.S. yvelaze umniSvnelo gamonaTqvami yvelaze qvemoT aRmoCndeba. safexurebrivi reitingi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
yvelaze umniSvnelo `mravalwaxnaga~ reitingis Sedgenisas, Tavdapirvelad, unda ganisazRvros, romelia yvelaze mniSvnelovani mosazreba, Semdeg mniSvnelobiT misi momdevno ori gamonaTqvami, Semdeg _ sami saSualod Zlieri mosazreba, Semdeg ori momdevno da bolos _ yvelaze umniSvnelo.
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mravalwaxnagiani reitingi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani
yvelaze umniSvnelo sakiTxebis erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gamijvna, rogorc wesi, Zalian rTulia. aqedan gamomdinare, reitingis amgvari forma ufro pirobiTi da misaRebia moswavlisaTvis. garda amisa, igi konsensusis miRwevis met SesaZleblobasac iZleva. reitingis Sedgenisas SeiZleba baraTebze 8 mosazreba daiweros, erTi baraTi ki carieli darCes da is Tavad monawileebma Seavson. adgilze viziti warmoadgens moswavleebis jgufis mier dawesebulebisa Tu sxva organizaciis monaxulebas misi saqmianobis gacnobis mizniT. eqskursiis dros moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT realur garemoSi daakvirdnen samuSao situacias da gaecnon mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebul Taviseburebebs. vizits sailustracio funqcia aqvs. adgilze nanaxi da mosmenili ukeT amaxsovrdebaT moswavleebs, vidre mxolod moyolili masala. skolis gareT swavlebas SeiZleba garkveuli problemebi axldes Tan. amitom aucilebelia vizitis detaluri dagegmva, raTa Tavidan aviciloT gaugebrobebi da maqsimalurad maRal efeqts mivaRwioT. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaiTvaliswinos da dagegmos Semdegi sakiTxebi: vizitis mizani, zusti dro;
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moswavleebis dasaSvebi raodenoba; zogjer sxvadasxva profesiis gasacnobad dagegmili vizitebisaTvis (zeda klasebSi) gasaTvaliswinebelia specialuri formiT uzrunvelyofa, vizitTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi da a.S. aucilebelia maspinZel organizaciasTan winaswari SeTanxmeba stumrobis Taobaze. maswavlebelma winaswar unda miawodos informacia moswavleebs vizitis gegmis Sesaxeb _ ra unda naxon, ras unda mieqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da a.S. unda waaxalisos Sexvedris dros moswavleebis mxridan SekiTxvebis dasma. SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes garkveuli CaniSvnebis gakeTeba. adgilze vizitis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ganixilavs mis Sedegebs _ ra naxes an moismines, ramdenad gasagebi da saintereso iyo informacia. SesaZlebelia maTTan erTad dagegmos Semdgomi vizitis formati. prezentacia aris jgufis winaSe garkveuli Teoriuli Tu praqtikuli masalis wardgena. prezentacia efeqturi meTodia iseTi unarebis gasaviTareblad, rogoricaa komunikacia, sakuTari poziciisa Tu mosazrebebis msmenelisaTvis gacnoba, argumentireba, poziciis dacva da a.S. prezentaciis Tema SeiZleba iyos nebismieri sakiTxi. sasurvelia, rom prezentaciis Temebis raodenoba Zalian bevri ar iyos; rekomendebulia maqsimum sami Temis gamoyeneba. prezentaciis momzadebisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos misi Tavisebureba. aseve, Tu moswavleebi akeTeben prezentacias winaswar unda misces prezentaciis tipuri sqema. prezentacia sami nawilisagan Sedgeba: 1. Sesavali prezentaciis aucilebeli nawilia. am nawilis mizania auditoriis interesisa da yuradRebis miqceva, pirveladi kontaqtis damyareba. es nawili SedarebiT mci rea da prezentaciisaTvis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloebiT 20%-s Seadgens. 2. ZiriTadi nawili prezentaciis yvelaze vrceli da sapasuxismgeblo nawilia. ZiriTad nawilSi xdeba debulebebis,
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mosazrebebis da a.S. ganxilva, sailustracio masalebis gamo yeneba. prezentaciis gakeTebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia saubris toni, qcevis manera, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens auditoriaze. es nawili prezentaciis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloebiT 70%-s Seadgens 3. daskvniT nawilSi xdeba prezentaciis Sejameba, Tu ras emsaxureboda prezentacia, ra aris miRebuli Sedegebi da a.S. es nawili prezentaciis drois daaxloebiT 10%-s Seadgens SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad SeimuSaos prezentaciis Sefasebis skala da prezentaciis Semdeg moswavleebTan erTad Seafasos is. Tumca es ufro metad saswavlo miznebisaTvis gankuTvnili prezentaciisaTvis aris rekomendebuli. prezentaciis gakeTeba specialur teqnikur aRWurvilobas saWiroebs - proeqtori, leptopi, dafa an flipCarti. sasurvelia Tu prezentacia `PowerPoint~formatSi gakeTdeba. SemTxvevis ganxilva farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mizania konkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilvis safuZvelze damatebiTi informaciisa da codnis SeZena. SemTxvevis ganxilvisas ar aris aucilebeli is exebodes erT konkretul adamians. SemTxveva SeiZleba iyos adamianTa jgufis, sxvadasxva situaciis da a.S. Sesaxeb. SemTxvevis Seswavlisas xdeba am konkretuli SemTxvevis gaazreba da gaanalizeba. SemTxvevis ganxilvamde saWiroa maswavlebelma winaswar momzados masala. is moswavlebisaTvis saintereso da aqtualuri unda iyos. unda iTvaliswinebdes maT asakobriv Taviseburebas da SesaZlebeli iyos mis garSemo msjeloba. gansaxilvel masalasTan erTad unda momzaddes ZiriTaadi gansaxilveli kiTxvebi. isini SeiZleba Seexebodes moswavleebis damokideebulebas konkretuli adaminis, jgufis an SemTxvevaSi aRwerili situacias mimarT, rogor xedaven isini am SemTxvevas, ra aris maTTvis misaRebi, miuRebeli, rogor SeiZleba problemis gadaWra da a.S.
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SemTxvevis ganxilva jgufuri muSaobis rTuli formaa. am dros jgufuri muSaobis wesi da struqtura igive rCeba, rTuldeba mxolod Tema, romelic jgufs situaciuri amocanis saxiT miecema (situaciur amocanas maswavlebeli, saWiroebisamebr, sakuTari Sexedulebidan, klasis interesebidan gamomdinare, irCevs an igonebs). TiToeulma jgufma unda gaaanalizos SemoTavazebuli situacia, miiRos saerTo gadawyvetileba, ipovos gamosavali da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvna, risTvisac jgufma unda imuSaos SeTanxmebulad da miaRwios konsensuss. Tu jgufis wevrebs uWirT SeTanxmeba, maswavlebelma SeiZleba maT SesTavazos kenWisyris wesi: 4-5 kaciani jgufis yvela wevri TiTo xmis uflebiT sargeblobs. winadadeba, romelic yvelaze met xmas miiRebs, jgufur gadawyvetilebad CaiTvleba. SesaZlebelia gadawyvetilebis miReba moxdes gamsvleli xmebis winaswar dadgenili raodenobiT (ori mesamedi). konsensusi SeTanxmebis is formaa, roca gadawyvetilebis miRebisas yvela erTsulovania. igi demokratiuli procesia. SemTxvevis ganxilva specialur teqnikur aRWurvilobas ar saWiroebs; sasurvelia yvela moswavles hqondes individualurad amobeWdili SemTxveva. maswavlebelma gamoiyenos proeqtori da leptopi. dausrulebeli istoria jgufuri samuSaos erT-erTi saintereso formaa, romelic saukeTesoa moswavlis fantaziisa da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gasaviTareblad. igi jgufuri samuSaosTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela unar-Cvevis gamoyenebas moiTxovs. jgufebi yuradRebiT ismenen maswavleblis mier SemoTavazebul ambavs, romlis dasasruleblad eZlevaT 15 wT. es sakmaod rTuli procesia, romlis drosac jgufis wevrebi msjeloben, azrovneben, gamoTqvamen da asabuTeben sakuTar azrs da iziareben erTmaneTis mosazrebebs. Tanxmdebian da erTad igoneben ambis dasasruls. werilobiT ayalibeben ambis ukve SeTanxmebul ganviTarebas. SesaZlebeblia namuSevari
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ilustraciiT gaaformon, raTa igi prezentaciisTvis ufro saintereso gaxdes. rolebiT TamaSi mniSvnelovania mozardis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. is xels uwyobs saswavlo procesis gaaqtiurebas, SeZenili codnis mravalmxriv gaazrebas, ganmtkicebas da Semowmebas. warsulis simulaciur rekonstruqciasTan erTad gansakuTrebiT saxaliso da nayofieria emfatikuri savarjiSoebis Semotana warsulSi mcxovrebi adamianebis yoveldRiuri yofis, wes-Cveulebebis aRwerisas, rac saSualebas miscems moswavleebs aramarto gaiazron, aramed SeigrZnon maTi survilebi, ocnebebi, maTi TvaliT dainaxon samyaro. roluri TamaSis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs uviTardebaT Semdegi unar-Cvevebi: komunikacia; TanamSromloba; istoriuli drois gageba da epoqis gancda; SemoqmedebiToba; modelireba; roluri TamaSis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad SearCevs Temas. magaliTi: moswavleebi davyoT jgufebad. TiToeulma jgufma maswavleblis daxmarebiT moigonos raime ambavi, romelSic personaJebad gamoiyvanen qarTul miTologiur gmirebs (RvTisSvilebs-kopalas, iaxsars; borot Zalebs-devebs, Winkebs, alebs da a.S.). es ambebi moswavleebma unda Camoayalibon werilobiT, daurToT sakuTari fantaziiT Seqmnili naxatebi. maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad dawers scenars. moswavleebs Soris ganawildeba rolebi da isini warmoadgenen mini-speqtakls. roluri TamaSis etapebia: 1. scenaris Seqmna; 2. rolebis ganawileba; 3. repeticia; 4. gaTamaSeba; 5. ganxilva; 6. Sejameba. aseTi TamaSis dros maswavlebeli wamyvanis, gezis mimcemis da damkvirveblis funqcias asrulebs. is unda darCes neitralur mayureblad da qmnides keTilganwyobil atmosferos. roluri
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TamaSi mTlianad moswavleTa aqtivobaze unda aigos. roluri TamaSis dros gasaTvaliswiinebeli pirobebi: roluri TamaSis Tematikis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavleTa mosazrebebi, raTa isini xalisiT aerTon muSaobaSi. rolebis ganawileba SeiZleba moxdes maswavleblis mier an kenWisyriT. situaciis modelireba SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc rolebiT TamaSi, romelSic uklebliv mTeli klasi monawileobs. is saSualebas iZleva, moswavleebma gamoscadon sakuTari Tavi da SesaZleblobebi èqstremalur~ situaciebSi. situaciis modelireba monawileTagan did Zalisxmevasa da mondomebas moiTxovs, amitom igi metad STambeWdavia da did zemoqmedebas axdens mis monawileebze. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania modelirebis Semdgomi analizi. `msaxiobebma~ unda imsjelon sakuTar grZnobebze (ratom gadawyvites emoqmedaT amgvarad, grZnobdnen Tu ara uxerxulobas da ramdenad misaRebi iyo maTTvis problemis amgvari gadawyveta). maswavlebeli am SemTxvevaSi unda daexmaros maT, raTa monawileebma SeZlon, gancdili daakavSiron realobasTan. interviu interviu, rogorc swavlebis meTodi orientirebulia informaciis sxvadasxva saSualebiT moZiebis, organizebis, damuSavebisa da miznobrivad gamoyenebis unarebis ganviTarebaze. Sesabamisad, igi gamoiyeneba kvlevis unaris gansaviTareblad. meTodi advilad gansaxorcielebelia, radgan moswavleTa uSualo garemos exeba (ojaxs, ubans, quCas, skolas, Tems...). moswavleebs unda daevalos skolis gareT raime sakiTxze dakvirveba magaliTad, transportis moZraobaze, adamianebis qcevaze sajaro adgilebSi, mediaSi gamoqveynebul masalebze da a.S.. am gziT mopovebuli da dajgufebuli informacia exmareba moswavles intervius kiTxvaris SedgenaSi. kiTxvaris Sedgenis Semdeg moswavleebi atareben intervius. intervius Tema SeiZleba iyos gvaris genealogia, an quCis, soflis, qalaqis istoria da a.S. moswavleebma interviu SeiZleba Caiweron, ro-
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gorc audio/video aparaturis gamoyenebiT, aseve kalmiTac, im adamianebisgan, romlebic ama Tu im istoriuli an geografiuli movlenis TviTmxilvelni da monawileni arian. intervius meSveobiT moswavles SesaZlebloba eZleva, moipovos informacia sakvlevi Temis an movlenis Sesaxeb uSualod mowmisagan. am meTodis gamoye neba SesaZlebelia, rogorc dawyebiT, aseve sabazo da saSualo safexurze. meTodis gamoyenebas aqvs Tanmimdevruli etapebi: 1. intervius miznisa da Temis gansazRvra. dawyebiT safexurze, rodesac moswavleebi intervius Sesaxeb elementarul unar-Cvevebs unda daeuflon, umjobesia, maswavlebelma Tavad SearCios intervius Tema. swavlebis momdevno safexurze ki SesaZlebelia, moswavleebTan erTad SeirCes momavali naSromis Tema da mizani. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ramdenad daZlevadi iqneba moswavleebisTvis dasaxuli amocanis Sesruleba. 2. intervius dagegmva. intervius warmatebiT CatarebisaTvis, mniSvnelovania, zustad gaiweros vadebi da monawile moswavleebis funqciebi. magaliTad, ramdenime moswavle SeiZleba monawileobas iRebdes interviuebis CamorTmevaSi, nawili amuSavebdes arCeul Temaze arsebul werilobiT masalas (moiZiebdes da amuSavebdes sabiblioTeko literaturasa da dokumentebs, fotomasalas da sxva), nawils daevalos interviuebis gaSifvra da damuSaveba, xolo ramdenime moswavlem Seajeros interviuebi da werilobiTi masala da daweros naSromi. bolos, SesaZlebelia gamovyoT erTi an ori moswavle proeqtis prezentaciisTvis. 3. intervius aReba. saswavlo miznebisa da Temis Sesabamisad, dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebelma unda SearCios moswavleebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi respodenti. intervius Caweramde, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa ganvsazRvroT, ra saxis informaciaa saWiro. magaliTad, Tu moswavleebs ainteresebT romelime istoriul-geografiuli movlena, maSin saWiroa Tematuri intervius aReba, romelSic respodentis biografia mxolod istoriuli `rekvizitis~ saxes miiRebs, magram, Tu ainteresebT adamianis
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cxovrebis istoria, maSin orientirebuli unda iyvnen biografiul interviuze. Tu moswavleebs ainteresebT romelime epoqa sakuTari qalaqis, quCis, saxlis an soflis istoriidan, SesaZlebeli gamokiTxon mxcovani adamianebi. maswavlebelma unda gaacnos moswavleebs intervius aRebis elementaruli wesebi: interviu iwereba naklebxmaurian adgilas; winaswar ganisazRvreba dro, raTa zedmetad xangrZlivi da damRleli interviu ar gamogvivides; umjobesia, respodents winaswari gasaubrebis dros ganemartos, Tu ra sakiTxis garSemo warimarTeba interviu. SesaZlebelia, respodents miewodos im Temebis nusxa, romlebic ainteresebs interviuers, raTa mTxrobelma ukeT gaiazros momavali saubris Tema; aucilebelia, winaswar Camoiweros savaraudo kiTxvebi; interviuers saSualeba unda mieces bolomde gamoTqvas sakuTari azri. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saubrisas sxva SekiTxvebic wamoiWras. dauSvebelia respodentTan SekamaTeba; Tu viyenebT Camwer teqnikas, Sexvedramde aucileblad unda Semowmdes misi gamarTuloba. sasurvelia, intervius damTavrebis Semdeg gakeTdes STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb Canaweri; 4. aucilebelia intervius sityva-sityviT werilobiT aRdgena (gaSifvra) intervius werilobiT aRdgenis dros ar SeiZleba teqstis Casworeba, gramatikulad rogori gaumarTavic ar unda iyos. aRdgenis dros aucileblad mivuTiToT intervius Caweris TariRi, gaSifvris TariRi, aseve interviuerisa da respodentis vinaoba da proeqtis saTauri. vinaidan SesaZlebelia rom momavalSi momzadebuli interviu sxvam gamoiyenos. 5. naSromis Seqmna mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi daasruleben saWiro zepiri da werilobiTi masalis Segrovebas, isini gadavlen proeqtis Semdeg etapze, romelsac naSromis (kvlevis Sedegebis) Seqmna hqvia. uSualod naSromis daweramde aucilebelia zepiri
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wyaroebis daxarisxeba. aucilebelia erTsa da imave sakiTxze sxvadasxva informaciis, axsna-ganmartebisa Tu Sefasebebis erTmaneTTan Sejereba. respodentebis monayolSi SeiZleba bevr uzustobas wavawydeT. masalis damuSavebis Semdeg, moswavleebi iwyeben Txzulebis weras. imis gamo, rom naSroms moswavleebi koleqtiurad qmnian, upriania, maswavlebelma maTTan erTad gadawyvitos, Tu naSromis romel nawils moswavleTa romeli jgufi dawers. 6. naSromis prezentacia ìntervius~ dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi warmoadgenen TavianT naSroms. proeqti konkretuli problemis gadaWris an iniciativis ganxorcielebisken mimarTuli mravalferovani samuSao, romelSic warmmarTvelia kvleviTi, SemoqmedebiTi, TanamSromlobisa da sakomunikacio unarebis ganviTareba. es meTodi aqtiuri da mizanmimarTuli swavlis saSualebas iZleva. moswavleebi mudmivad svamen SekiTxvebs: ratom gvaswavliT ama Tu im sakiTxs? raSi gamomadgeba es codna? maswavleblebs uWirT am kiTxvebze damajerebeli da argumentirebuli pasuxis gacema. am problemis mogvarebaSi maswavlebels daexmareba imis codna, Tu rogor amuSaos moswavleebi saswavlo proeqtze. proeqtze muSaobisas moswavleebi realuri problemis gadasaWrelad SeZenil codnasa da unar-Cvevebs iyeneben. proeqtiT swavleba iwvevs moswavleTa motivacias da zrdis maT pasuximgeblobas. isini xalisiT asruleben samuSaoebs da SeuZliaT xangrZlivad imuSaon dasmul sakiTxebze. sakiTxebs moswavleebi xangrZlivi drois (erTi an ramdenime kviris) ganmavlobaSi amuSaveben da Semdgom warudgenen mTel klass an ufro farTo auditorias. proeqtebi exmareba mozards realur cxovrebaSi gamoiyenos miRebuli codna da gamocdileba dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad. proeqtze muSaoba moicavs dagegmvis, kvlevis, praqtikuli aqtivobisa da Sedegebis warmodgenis etapebs arCeuli sakiTxis Sesabamisad. proeqti ganxorcielebulad CaiTvleba, Tuki misi
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Sedegebi TvalsaCinod da damajereblad, koreqtuli formiT aris warmodgenili (mag.: werilobiTi dokumenti, maketi, inscenireba, debatebi, aqcia, Tanmimdevruli RonisZiebebi da a.S.). maswavlebeli saswavlo proeqtebis mimdinareobisas konsultantis rols asrulebs, xelmZRvanelobs samuSaoebs, Ziebisa da kvlevis dros mimarTulebas aZlevs. is uTiTebs sainformacio wyaroebs. proeqtze muSaobis dros moswavles sWirdeba SemoqmedebiToba, sainformacio sivrceSi orientaciisa da damoukidebeli swavlis unar-Cvevebi. saswavlo proeqtis dagegmvis dros maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs: ramdenad mniSvenelovania problema, romelic kvlevas iTxovs; mosalodneli Sedegebis siaxles (obieqturs an subieqturs); proeqtze muSaobis dros gamoyenebuli meTodebsa da kvlevas Soris kavSirs; arCevanis SesaZleblobas, rac iwvevs moswavleTa pasuxismgeblobis zrdas. proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad; erTi an ramodenime sagnis farglebSi (saganTa integracia); SeiZleba gamoiyos sami tipis saswavlo proeqti: 1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs gamzadebul proeqts. igi Tavad gansazRvravs problemas, saxavs misi gadaWris strategiasa da taqtikas. moswavle ki damoukideblad gadaWris problemas. 2. maswavlebeli svams problemas, moswavle damoukideblad irCevs kvlevis meTodebs da problemis gadaWris gzebs. 3. moswavle gansazRvravs problemas, damoukideblad irCevs kvlevis meTodebsa da problemis gadaWris gzebs.
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proeqtis struqtura
proeqtis aRwera proeqtis aRwera aris misi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili. aRniSnuli punqti sasurvelia daiyos qvepunqtebad, romlebSic gaerTiandeba Semdegi saxis informacia: a) problemis gansazRvra (identifikacia) _ gulisxmobs im konkretuli problemis xazgasmas, romlis sapasuxodac aris mimarTuli proeqti. b) mizani _ gulisxmobs farTo, zogad debulebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ris miRwevaa sasurveli. proeqtis mizans unda warmoadgendes iseTi garemos an pirobebis Seqmna, romlebic logikur kavSirSi iqneba (mimarTuli iqneba) zemoaRweril problemasTan. g) amocanebi _ gulisxmobs konkretul nabijebs miznis misaRwevad. aq unda mieTiTos, ra amocanebis gadaWras isaxavs proeqtSi miTiTebuli mizani. miznis misaRwevad SeiZleba daisaxos erTi, ori an ramdenime amocana imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogoria proeqtis specifika. d) ganxorcielebis gzebi _ gulisxmobs kidev ufro konkretul nabijebs dasmuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. ganxorcielebis gzebi aris procesi, romelmac unda upasuxos kiTxvebs: 1) `rogor?~ - rogor ganaxorcieldeba proeqtis amocanebi? 2) `vin~ - vin monawileobs proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi da ra aris maTi funqciebi proeqtSi? proeqtis Sesrulebis vadebi proeqtis vadebi unda Seicavdes droSi ganawilebul msvlelobas. masSi unda aisaxos saqmianobebis etapebad dayofa, ganawilebuli dReebis, kvirebis, Tveebis mixedviT, proeqtis specifikidan gamomdinare.
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mosalodneli Sedegebi am nawilSi aRiwereba is savaraudo efeqti an mosalodneli Sedegi, romelic mohyveba proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas. monitoringi am nawilSi unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu rogori iqneba konkretulad proeqtis ganviTarebaze Tvalyuris devnebis (monitoringis) meqanizmi da perioduloba. Sefaseba miTiTebuli unda iyos is savaraudo kriteriumebi (maCveneblebi), romlebic gansazRvraven proeqtis warmatebas. proeqtis Sefasebis kriteriumebi: problemis identificireba; Teoriuli codnis praqtikul saqmianobaSi gamoyeneba; informaciis moZiebis unari; kvlevebis dagegmvisa da Catarebis unari; sazogadoebasa da Sesabamis samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan urTierTobis unari; jgufis SemoqmedebiTi unari; moZiebuli informaciis klasifikaciis da interpretaciis unari; kvlevis Sedegebis analizis unari; problemis gadaWris gzebis SeTavazeba; gadawyvetilebebis miReba; warmodgenili namuSevris organizeba; moswavleebis mier Seqmnili TvalsaCinoebebi.
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moswavleTa muSaobis formebi

arsebobs muSaobis Semdegi formebi: individualuri, wyvilSi da jgufuri. maswavlebelma Tavidanve unda ganumartos moswavleebs muSaobis formebis arsi. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavidan iqneba acilebuli wyvilSi da jgufuri muSaobisas xmauri da qaosi. moswavlem unda icodes, rom: individualurad muSaobis procesSi moswavle sakuTar Tavzea pasuxismgebeli, wyvilSi da jgufuri muSaobisas isini pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben TavianTi mewyvilis, aseve_gundis wevris mimarT. wyvilebsa da jgufebSi muSaoba xels uwyobs TanamSromlobis Cvevis gamomuSavebas. am savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebi swavloben erTmaneTis mosmenas, sxvisi azris gaziarebas, kritikul azrovnebasa da Sefasebas, sakuTari azris gamoTqmas, dasabuTebas da a.S. isini eCvevian funqciebis danawilebas, drois racionalur gamoyenebas. gTavazobT wyvilebSi muSaobis wesebs: 1. maswavlebeli klass yofs wyvilebad; 2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba; 3. moswavleebi samuSaos asruleben wyvilebSi; 4. TamaSis dro gansazRvrulia (samuSaos sirTulis mixedviT); 5. maswavlebeli TviTon anawilebs moswavleebis funqciebs. wyvilebSi muSaobis dros bavSvebs moeTxovebaT yuradRebis koncentracia. isini pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben TavianTi mewyvilis mimarT. wyvilebSi gamomuSavebuli TanamSromlobis Cveva kidev ufro mtkicdeba jgufuri samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas. gTavazobT wesebs jgufuri muSaobisTvis: 1. klasi iyofa 4-5 kacian jgufebad; 2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba; 3. davaleba sruldeba jgufebSi; 4. jgufi unda muSaobdes SeTanxmebulad, ar unda moxdes konfliqti, ar unda iTrgunebodes arc erTi moswavle; 5. jgufis yoveli wevri CarTuli unda iyos saqmianobaSi;
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6. samuSao sruldeba erT furcelze; 7. davaleba sruldeba maswavleblis mier winaswar gansazRvrul droSi (10-15 wT.); 8. jgufi, romlis wevrebic SeTanxmebulad ver moqmedeben, muSaobas wyvets; 9. jgufi muSaobs erTi magidis garSemo. TiToeul jgufSi erTi magidis garSemo Tavs iyrian sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da temperamentis moswavleebi: aqtiurebi, pasiurebi, liderebi. xSirad jgufebSi swored amitom warmoiSveba konfliqti. maswavlebeli sTavazobs gunds konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvarebis gzas. Tu amas gundi ver miaRwevs, anu ver ipovis gamosavals, is samuSao procesidan vardeba. jgufis SerCeva sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba. jgufi SeiZleba SeirCes ise, rom TiToeul maTganSi Tanabari SesaZleblobebis bavSvebi gaerTiandnen, SeiZleba cal-calke Sedges biWebisa da gogonebis gundebi da sxv. SesaZlebelia SemTxveviTi principiT SerCevac, raTa moswavleebi mieCvion ucxo garemoSi nebismier partniorTan urTierTobas. jgufebad danawileba unda moxdes operatiulad (2-3 wT.). SesaZloa maswavlebelma Tavad daadginos jgufis muSaobis wesebi (mag.: lideris arCeva), magram umjobesia muSaobis sistemis Seqmna miandos bavSvebs (ra Tqma unda, maswavleblis rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT). kargia, Tu jgufi TviTon airCevs, vin waradginos klasis winaSe Tavisi namuSevari. maswavlebeli Tvals adevnebs moswavleebis muSaobas, Tumca es imgvarad xdeba, rom bavSvebs ar SeeqmnaT STabeWdielba, TiTqos maswavlebeli maT Tavze adgas. maswavlebeli ar unda Caerios jgufis muSaobaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu jgufi misgan moiTxovs raime ganmartebas an Seatyobs, rom jgufma arasworad gaigo piroba. aqtiuri meTodikebiTa da jgufuri TamaSebiT muSaobisas maswavlebeli ukana planze gadadis. igi gezis mimcemisa da meTvalyuris rols asrulebs da bolomde neitralur wamyvanad rCeba. samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevrebs. prezentaciis dros maswavlebeli kiTxvebs ar svams da ar awyvetinebs azrs momxsenebels.
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Semowmebis teqnika da instrumentebi saswavlo procesis warmatebiT warmarTvis mizniT kargi iqneba, Tu gamoiyenebT Sefasebis Tanamedrove xerxebs. maTi meSveobiT izomeba ara mxolod codna, aramed SeZenili unarCvevebi da azrovnebac. gTavazobT Semowmebis zogierT xerxs, romelic interaqtiuri swavleba-swavlis procesSi gamoiyeneba: 1. saqaRalde/portfolio - Semowmebis am xerxis saSualebiT xdeba moswavleTa namuSevrebis Segroveba. saqaRaldeSi xvdeba yvelanairi namuSevari: sawyisi versia, cvlilebebi da srulyofili varianti. sawyisi da saboloo variantebis Sedarebis safuZvelze dgindeba moswavlis winsvlis xarisxi. 2. warmodgena, prezentacia _ warmodgena aris gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli situaciis Seqmna (simulacia), xolo prezentacia _ Seswavlili masalis wardgena auditoriis winaSe. 3. rubrikebi _ TemasTan dakavSirebuli indikatorebis sistema, romelsac maswavlebeli winaswar adgens da Semdeg aTanxmebs moswavleebTan. rubrikebSi mocemulia miRwevis doneebi (mag.: dabali, saSualo, maRali). 4. TviTSefaseba da Sefaseba wyvilebSi _ moswavleebi TviTon amowmeben da adgenen, Tu ra sWirdebaT maT Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. moswavleebi amowmeben da afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevars. Semdeg isini maswavlebelTan erTad cdiloben daadginon, kidev ra sakiTxi unda daematon Seswavlil Temas srulyofisaTvis. 5. SemowmebisaTvis SesaZlebelia gamoviyenebul iqnas speci alurad Sedgenili kiTxvarebi.
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gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi Tema - samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi

mizani moswavleebi gaecnobian kanonebs da gaaanalizeben maT aucileblobas sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi. isini gaigeben, Tu ra uflebebi da movaleobebi aqvT arasrulwlovnebs. xangrZlivoba - ori gakveTili (akademiuri saaTi) saWiro nivTebi furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, A1 formatis qaRaldebi.
gakveTili I - Cven da kanoni

gakveTilis procesi maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs kiTxviT: samarTlianad miaCniaT Tu ara kanoni, rom bavSvebma 6 wlis asakidan skolaSi unda iaron da zrdasrulebma ki_ara? is sTxovs moswavleebs 1-2 wuTis dafiqrebis Semdeg gansazRvron sakuTari Sefaseba. Semdeg_moswavleebs, romlebsac es debuleba samarTlianad miaCniaT - gadajgufdnen saklaso oTaxis marcxena nawilSi, xolo sapirispiro mosazrebis mqone moswavleebs - marjvenaSi. maTTvis, vinc arc erT jgufSi ar gadava, maswavlebeli gamoyofs oTaxis centralur nawils (dro - 2-3 wuTi). gadajgufebis Semdgom, maswavlebeli momxreebisa da mowinaaRmdegebis jgufebs aZlevs 5-7 wuTs imisTvis, rom erTmaneTTan Sejerebulad Camoayalibon or-ori argumenti sakuTari poziciis dasabuTebisTvis da gamoyon TiTo mopasuxe moswavle. neitraluri poziciis moswavleebidan maswavlebeli moixmobs or moxalises, raTa maT warmodgenili argumentebi Caweron dafaze cxrilSi:
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samarTliania
usamarTloa
drois amowurvis Semdeg, maswavlebeli TanmimdevrobiT sTxovs gamoyofil mopasuxeebs araumetes 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gadmoscen Sesabamisi jgufebis argumentebi. igi miuTiTebs, rom am savarjiSoSi reglamentis dacva mniSvnelovania. argumentebis mosmenisa da Caweris Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs neitraluri jgufis wevrebs 1-2 wuTis dafiqrebis Semdeg gansazRvron - romeli jgufis dasabuTeba miaCniaT ufro damajereblad da am daskvnis mixedviT gadainacvlon Sesabamisi jgufisken. maswavlebeli `mimxrobili neitralebis~ raodenobebs aRniSnavs dafaze cxrilis Sesabamis mxares. nebismieri Sedegis pirobebSi am aqtivobis bolos maswavlebeli 2-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi uambobs moswavleebs im valdebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas, rogorc zrdasruls, aqvs cxovrebaSi, samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis garda. maswavlebeli ajamebs savarjiSos daskvniT, rom adamianebs, moqalaqeebs mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi rogorc garkveuli uflebebi, ise movaleobebi aqvT da isini asakTan erTad icvleba. axla maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs 3-5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi wyvilebSi kiTxvaris Sevsebas, raTa moswavleebi erTmaneTs daexmaron swori pasuxebis gacemaSi. muSaobis dros maswavlebeli gadaadgildeba klasSi, yuradRebiT akvirdeba wyvilebs da Tu amCnevs, rom romelime wyvils uWirs pasuxebis gacema, is sTavazobs daxmarebas dasmuli kiTxvis gaazrebaSi.
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kiTxvari:
romeli asakidan moqmedebs saqarTveloSi Semdegi qmedebebis momwesrigebeli kanonebi: 1. manqanis marTvis uflebis aReba; 2. daqorwineba; 3. arCevnebSi monawileoba; 4. samxedro samsaxurSi wasvla; 5. gadasaxadebis gadaxda; 6. politikur saqmianobaSi Cabma; 7. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba; 8. iaraRis tareba; 9. azartul TamaSebSi monawileoba. Semdeg maswavlebeli wyvilebs sTavazobs, TanmimdevrobiT warmoadginon pasuxebi. Tavd ki dafaze cxrilSi iniSnavs maT. Tu romelime pasuxi ganmeorda, igi iqve aRniSnavs jeradobas (dro - 7-10 wuTi). am aRricxvis Semdeg maswavlebeli jer aRniSnavs da waaxalisebs swori pasuxebs da miuTiTebs im samarTlebriv aqtebs, romlebic awesrigeben aRniSnul qmedebebs. Semdeg TanmimdevrobiT asaxelebs da iqve asworebs mcdar pasuxebs. igi am SemTxvevaSic asaxelebs Sesabamis normatiul aqts da mokled ganmartavs debulebas. igi Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom ufro vrclad am samarTlebrivi debulebebis naxva maT SeuZliaT moswavlis wignsa da mis danarTSi (dro - 12-15 wuTi) Semdeg maswavlebeli warmarTavs xanmokle saklaso diskusias kiTxviT: mogwonT Tu ara es asakobrivi zRvrebi? igi uxsnis moswavleebs, rom TiToeulma moswavlem pasuxis mocemuli sami variantidan erT-erTi unda airCios da miuTiTos argumenti: a) Zalian maRali; b) Zalian dabali;
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g) normaluri. maswavlebeli urCevs moswavleebs, rom 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gaecnon moswavlis wignSi mocemul sainformacio masalas arasrulwlovnebisa sxvadasxva kanonebTan kavSirs. (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsamde), amasTan moifiqron pasuxebi am masalidan dasmul kiTxvebze. diskusia SeiZleba warimarTos 1-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, romlis drosac maswavlebeli SesaZloa ganmeorebiT usvamdes moswavleebs im kiTxvebs, romlebic moswavlis wignSia miTiTebuli. maswavlebeli ajamebs diskusiis Sedegebs da uxsnis moswavleebs, rom moqalaqes asakis matebasTan erTad emateba ara marto uflebebi, aramed movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. am daskvnis sailustraciod igi CamoTvlis pasuxismgeblobebs, romelic axlavs kiTxvarSi aRniSnul qmedebebs (dro - 7-10 wuTi). gakveTilis dasasruls maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanil situacias da uxsnis, rom Semdeg mecadineobaze maT unda gaiTamaSon am situaciis Sesabamisi sasamarTlo procesis sxdoma. Sesabamisad, igi exmareba moswavleebs rolebis gadanawilebaSi. maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, romeli rolebis gasaazreblad dasWirdebaT SeTanxmebulad momzadeba momdevno gakveTilisaTvis. amasTan, urCevs moswavleebs, gaecnon moswavlis wignSi mocemul informacias arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesaxeb. igi ganmartavs, rom informaciis gacnobasTan erTad moswavleebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo iqneba iqve mocemul kiTxvebze dasabuTebuli pasuxebis gacema. maswavlebeli da samarTaldamcveli ganawilebisas iTvaliswineben moswavleTa saerTo raodenobasa da sasamarTlos sxdomis monawileTa aucilebel kategoriebs. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia Semcirdes an gaizardos nafici msajulebis, dacvisa da braldebis jgufebis, mowmeebisa da sxdomaze damswreTa raodenobebi.
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situacia imitirebuli sasamarTlo procesisaTvis: praqtikumze moswavleebi iyofian Semdeg monawileebad: msjavrdebuli - 1; dacvis jgufi - 2-idan 5-mde (klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis Sesabamisad); braldebis jgufi - 2-idan 5-mde (klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis Sesabamisad); nafici msajulebi - 6-idan 12-mde (2-idan 5-mde) (klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis Sesabamisad); mosamarTle - 1; sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani - 1. mowmeebi - 6: sxdomaze damswre sazogadoeba: saqmis masalebs amuSaveben dacvisa da braldebis jgufebi, xolo nafici msajulebi moismenen ukve maT mier damuSavebul masalas, mowmeebisa da msjavrdebulis Cvenebebs. saboloo gadawyvetileba gamoaqvT nafic msajulebs, xolo sasjels ufardebs mosamarTle. maswavleblema savaraudo mosamarTles, nafici msajulebis, dacvisa da braldebis jgufebis monawileebs unda daurigos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis is muxlebi, romlebic SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnas aRniSnuli qmedebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebisas.
gakveTili II - rogor moqmedebs kanoni

gakveTilis procesi es gakveTili mTlianad eTmoba rolebiT TamaSs. sasurvelia, Tuki maswavlebeli moiwvevs sasamarTlo sxdomaze monawileobis gamocdilebis mqone iurists (mosamarTle, advokati, prokurori, gamomZiebeli an sxva) maswavlebeli jer rwmundeba, mzad arian Tu ara moswavleebi wina gakveTilze ganawilebuli rolebis Sesasruleblad.
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amis Semdeg, sTxovs stumars, rom 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganumartos moswavleebs sasamarTlos sxdomis proceduruli Tanmimdevroba an Tavad akeTebs amas. Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom sxdomis imitacia ar unda gagrZeldes 20-25 wuTze meti, raTa yvelas erTad mieces misi ganxilvisa da gaanalizebis saSualeba. rolebiT TamaSis msvlelobisas maswavlebeli da SesaZlo stumari mxolod reglamentis Semxseneblebi arian. imavdroulad, maswavlebeli da stumari iniSnaven TiToeuli monawilis Sesabamisobasa Tu Seusabamobas kanonTan, raTa Semajamebeli ganxilvisas moswavleebs misces zusti rekomendaciebi. imitaciis dasrulebis Semdgom maswavlebeli warmarTavs saklaso diskusias Semdegi kiTxvebiT: kmayofili xarT Tu ara SedegiT? Tqveni azriT, samarTliania Tu ara sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba? romeli jgufis muSaoba iyo ufro efeqturi? SeicvaleT Tu ara pozicia sxva monawileTa gamosvlis Semdeg? ramdenad imoqmeda Tqvenma gamosvlam sxvebis gadawyvetilebaze? kmayofili xarT Tu ara Tqveni jgufis muSaobiT? sakuTari TaviT? isurvebdiT Tu ara odesme imave rolis Sesrulebas? aris Tu ara sasamarTlo is adgili, sadac samarTali dgindeba? diskusiis dros maswavlebeli iuridiuli xasiaTis ganmar tebebis gakeTebasa da rekomendaciebis gacnobas sTxovs stumars, romelsac Sesabamisi Canawerebi aqvs imitaciis monawileTa moqmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. diskusiis Sejamebisas maswavlebeli sTxovs stumars, ganumartos moswavleebs, kanonis Tanaxmad, ra SedegebiT SeiZleboda dasrulebuliyo am situaciis sasamarTlo ganxilva?
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Tema - konfliqtis ganviTarebisa da misi mogvarebis gzebi

mizani moswavleebi gaecnobian konfliqtebis tipebsa da maTi mogvarebis gzebs. gaaanalizeben konfliqtebis mSvidobianad mogvarebis sargeblianobas. xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (akademiuri saaTi). saWiro nivTebi _ furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, A1 formatis qaRaldebi. gakveTilis procesi maswavlebeli akeTebs mcire Sesavals, rom konfliqti da konfliqturi situaciebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia, magram Tu adamians SeuZlia konfliqtTa marTva da gakontroleba, maSin es sulac ar aris uaryofiTi movlena. Semdeg igi ganmartavs, Tu ras niSnavs sazogadoebrivi konfliqti da misi xuTi sxvadasxva tipi (dro - 5 wuTi). sazogadoebrivi konfliqti aris uTanxmoeba, romelic warmoiSoba sazogadoebis wevrebsa an individebs Soris. ZiriTadad ganixilaven xuTi tipis sazogadoebriv konfliqts: RirebulebiTi (dakavSirebuli garkveul damokidebulebebTan ama Tu im movlenis mimarT), informaciuli (dakavSirebuli informaciis simcire/siWarbesTan, xarisxTan, dezinformaciasTan), urTierTdamokidebulebiTi (romelsac qmnis urTierTobis nakleboba an ararseboba), instituciuri (ukavSirdeba wesebs, kanonebs, normebs) da interesTa (dakavSirebuli moTxovnilebebTan da qcevebTan). am tipis konfliqtebi xSiria yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, zog SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad ramdenime saxis konfliqti iCens Tavs. 3-5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gonebrivi ieriSis meTodiT maswavlebeli adgens, Tu visTan (TanatolebTan, ufrosebTan, umcrosebTan, sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebTan, ubnelebTan, ucnobebTan, ojaxis wevrebTan da a.S.) mosdiT yvelaze xSirad moswavleebs konfliqti.
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igi dafaze wers Sesabamis CamonaTvals. Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs 4 jgufad da yovel jgufs aZlevs TiTo situaciur amocanas. igi sTxovs moswavleebs, 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganixilon mocemuli amocana, daadginon sazogadoebrivi konfliqtis romel tips miekuTvneba aRniSnuli konfliqti da argumentirebulad warmoadginon sakuTari Sexedulebebi. situaciuri amocanebi: 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... jgufebSi muSaobis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs TiToeul maTgans, TanmimdevrobiT 2-2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadginon sakuTari mosazreba. moxalise moswavle exmareba maswavlebels mosazrebaTa dafaze CaweraSi:
konfliqtis tipebi jgufi situacia RirebulebiTi informaciuli urTierTdamokidebulebiTi instituciuri interesTa 1 2 3 4
Semdeg maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom arsebobs konfliqtis mogvarebis mravali xerxi, romlebic 3 ZiriTad tipad SeiZleba daiyos. igi moswavleebs sTxovs, waikiTxon Sesabamisi ganmartebebi moswavlis wignSi. Semdeg ki ganumartavs konfliqtis mogvarebis 5 ZiriTad strategias (dro - 5-7 wuTi). axla igi isev mimarTavs imave jgufebs da sTxovs, rom Seecadon maT mier ganxiluli konfliqturi situaciebis gadaW-
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ras. amisaTvis aZlevs 7-7 wuTs. Tan Seaxsenebs, rom maT unda daasabuTon sakuTari gadawyvetileba. drois amowurvis Semdeg maswavlebeli TanmimdevrobiT sTxovs jgufebs, 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadginon sakuTari xedva da argumentebi. dasasrul, maswavlebeli kanonTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT ajamebs rogorc mocemuli situaciebis monawileTa moqmedebebs, ise jgufebis mier SemoTavazebul mogvarebis gzebs (dro - 15-17 wuTi). axla maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaiTvaliswinon situaciuri amocanebis analizi da komentarebi axali savarjiSos Sesrulebisas. maswavlebeli igive 4 jgufs aZlevs erTsa da imave situacias. is sTxovs moswavleebs, rom TiToeulma jgufma 5-7 wuTis Semdeg warmoadginos aRniSnuli konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvarebis esa Tu is xerxi da strategia, amasTan, daasabuTos Tavisi arCevani. drois gasvlis Semdeg maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs aZlevs 3-3 wuTs sakuTari mosazrebebis warmosadgenad. igi jgufebis warmodgenil variantebs asaxavs dafaze Semdeg maswavlebeli mimarTavs mTel klass, gamoavlinos yvelaze efeqturi varianti (dro - 3-5 wuTi). dasasrul, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon yvelaze samarTliani varianti. SesaZlebelia, es gamovlena moxdes saklaso diskusiis meTodiT.
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Tema - usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo

mizani moswavleebma unda gaiazron mavne Cvevebis SesaZlo Sedegebi da daasabuTon maTi Tavidan acilebis aucilebloba. xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (erTi akademiuri saaTi). saWiro nivTebi _ furclebi, kalmebi, patara baraTebi, markerebi, A1 formatis qaRaldebi. gakveTilis procesi maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom am gakveTilis mizania adamianisa Tu sazogadoebis keTildReobasa da kanonebs Soris kavSiris danaxva. is urigebs moswavleebs patara baraTebs da sTxovs, rom 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi maT Camoweron is Cvevebi / Tvisebebi, romelic adamians xels uSlis jansaR, normalur cxovrebaSi, sxvebTan urTierTobaSi. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, sakuTari baraTebi miamagron dafaze, Tan xmamaRla waikiTxon sakuTari Canaweri, xolo maswavlebeli paralelurad avsebs formatze daxazuli Sesabamisi sqemis 1-l svets (dro - 5 wuTi).
Cveva/Tviseba Sedegi pirovnebisTvis Sedegi sazogadoebisTvis
maswavlebeli sqemaze gamoyofs im Cvevebs, romlebic moswavleTa umravlesobam mniSvnelovnad miiCnia. igi moswavleebs acnobs janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis 2006 wlis angariSidan or ganmartebas: ,,janmrTeloba fizikuri, sulieri da socialuri keTildReobaa da ara mxolod daavadebaTa da dazianebaTa ararseboba`.
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,,janmrTelobis 50% damokidebulia cxovrebis wesze, 20% _ garemo faqtorebze, 20% genetikaze da 10% _ medicinisa da samedicino momsaxurebis ganviTarebis doneze`. (dro - 5 wuTi) maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daukavSiron es ganmartebebi maT mier gamovlenil yvelaze mavne Cvevebs da 2-3 wuTiani mofiqrebis Semdeg daasaxelon am Cvevebis Sedegebi pirovnebisa da mis garSemo myofi sazogadoebisTvis. dasaxelebul Sedegebs maswavlebeli an moxalise moswavle Cawers sqemaSi. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma imave Sedegs miaRwios daaxloebiT 5-7 wuTiani saklaso diskusiis gziT. maswavlebeli sTxovs samarTaldamcvels, ganmartos, Seesabameba Tu ara moswavleebis mier dasaxelebuli Sedegebi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs. Tuki moswavleebs raime gamorCaT, maswavlebeli daamatebs (dro - 3-5 wuTi). Semdgom etapze maswavlebeli yofs klass 3 jgufad da TiToeuls sTavazobs, 7-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganixilos darigebuli situaciebi moswavlis wignSi arsebuli Sesabamisi vrceli informaciis gamoyenebiT. maswavlebeli ganmartavs, rom jgufebma unda warmoadginon situaciis monawileTa moqmedebebis moraluri da samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da CamoTvalon am situaciebis Tavidan acilebis gzebi. situaciebi: 1. .... 2. ..... 3. ..... jgufebi 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadgenen TavianT mosazrebebs. maswavlebeli yofs klass 4 jgufad da or maTgans (mag.: 1-l da me-3 jgufebs) sTavazobs cal-calke warmoidginos da aRweros narkomanis erTi sadagi dRe, xolo jgufebis meore wyvils sTavazobs analogiur davalebas totalizatoriT da kazinoTi gatacebul adamianebTan dakavSirebiT. samuSaosTvis
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jgufebs aZlevs 5-7 wuTs, xolo prezentaciisTvis_7-7 wuTs. jgufebis muSaobisas maswavlebeli konsultirebas uwevs moswavleebs, Tuki maT sWirdebaT raime nivTierebis, wesis, kanonis an movlenis dasaxelebis aRniSvna. prezentaciebis (dro - 20 wuTi) Semdeg maswavlebeli ajamebs, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba realobas warmodgenili situaciebi (dro 5 wuTi). maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gakveTilze miRebuli codnis / gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT individualurad Seavson mravalwaxnagiani reitingis sqema principiT `yvelaze mavne - naklebad mavne~ da gakveTilis bolos miakran es furclebi dafaze (dro - 3 wuTi) dasasrul maswavlebeli `reitingebis gamofenis~ daTvalierebiT aRniSnavs saerTo-saklaso reitings da askvnis, rom sinamdvileSi nebismieri mavne Cveva, romelsac kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebebamde mihyavs adamiani, erTnairad mZime Sedegebis momtania, rogorc pirovnebis, ise sazogadoebisTvis.
Tema _ ra aris arCevnebi

mizani arCevnebis safuZvlebis, arsisa da mniSvnelobis gaazreba; saarCevno uflebebisa da sistemebis klasifikaciis gacnoba; adamianis uflebebis, demokratiisa da arCevnebis urTierTkavSiris gaazreba. saWiro resursebi - furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, fragmenti animaciuri filmidan èvrokavSiri da italia~. xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili gakveTilis procesi maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs sganmanaTleblo programis miznebsa da amocanebs. aseve, gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebiT arkvevs maT molodins programis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT. Semdeg maswavlebeli mokled mimoixilavs arCevnebis rols
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demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. igi acnobs moswavleebs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 21-e muxls. sTxovs maT, dafiqrdnen 3 wuTi da Camoayalibon sakuTari daskvna kiTxvaze: ra mniSvneloba aqvs arCevnebs qveynis ganviTarebisaTvis? maswavlebeli moismens da dafaze afiqsirebs pirveli 5 moswavlis mosazrebas. Semdeg svams kiTxvas: xom ar aris iseTi moswavle, romelsac sruliad gansxvavebuli mosazreba gaaCnia? Tu aseTi aRmoCnda, mis daskvnasac moismens da Cawers dafaze. bolos maswavlebeli ajamebs moswavleTa mosazrebebs. maswavlebeli aCvenebs klass fragments animaciuri filmidan èvrokavSiri da italia~. igi marTavs mcire diskusias ZiriTadi kiTxviT: naCvenebi ori modelidan romlis damkvidreba surT saqarTveloSi da ratom? Semdeg uxsnis moswavleebs saqarTveloSi arCevnebis Catarebis kanonier safuZvlebs: sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri, aseve aqtiur da pasiur saarCevno uflebebis arss. maswavlebeli yofs klass 4 jgufad da aZlevs maT davalebas: yuradRebiT gaecnon moswavlis wignSi mocemul informacias da 5 wuTiani ganxilvis Semdeg TiToeulma jgufma warmoadginos dasabuTebuli pasuxi maTTvis dasmul kiTxvaze: 1-li jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani arCevnebis sayovelTaooba? me-2 jgufi - ra mniSvneloba aqvs sayovelTao arCevnebis dros Tanasworobis principis dacvas? me-3 jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani saarCevno procesis sajarooba? me-4 jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani pirdapiri arCevnebi? jgufebis namuSevrebis wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli warmarTavs mcire diskusias ZiriTadi kiTxviT: ra SeiZleba gamoiwvios sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebebis SezRudvam? am diskusiis amocanaa jufebSi calcalke ganxiluli sakiTxebis dakavSireba, gaazreba da Sejameba.
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naswavlis gansamtkiceblad maswavlebeli warmarTavs struqturirebul 10 wuTian diskusias `kuTxeebis~ meTodis gamoyenebiT. erTi sadiskusio fraza SesaZlebelia SeirCes Semdegi CamonaTvalidan imis mixedviT, Tu romeli aspeqti iyo gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi naklebad ganxiluli: àrCevnebSi monawileoba Cveni zneobrivi valia!~ `demokratiul sazogadoebaSi Zalaufleba gaaCniaT mxolod politikosebs~; `xalxs iseTi lideri yavs, rogorsac imsaxurebs~; `moqalaqeebis valia gaakontrolon mTavrobis yoveldRiuri moqmedeba~. gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klass yofs sam jgufad: `saprezidento~, `saparlamento~ da àdgilobrivi~. moswavleebs eZlevaT individualuri saSinao davaleba: sakuTari jgufis saxelwodebis Sesabamisad gaecnon saxelmZRvanelos Tema 2-Si mocemul informacias (saqarTvelos prezidentis arCevnebi, saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevnebi, sakrebuloebis arCevnebi) da Semdegi gakveTilisaTvis werilobiT Camoayalibon sakuTari dasabuTebuli mosazrebebi Semdeg kiTxvebze: romeli saarCevno sistema gamoiyeneba saqarTveloSi gansaxilveli arCevnebisas? ramdenad pasuxobs gansaxilveli arCevnebi saqarTveloSi moqalaqis saarCevno uflebis TiToeul safuZvels: sayovelTao, Tanaswori, pirdapiri? Tqveni azriT, saqarTveloSi ramdenad samarTliania gansaxilveli arCevnebis sakanonmdeblo pirobebi? Tu amCnevT xarvezs, aRwereT Tqven rogori pirobebi migaCniaT ufro samarTlianad? rogor da ra gziT warmogidgeniaT Tqvens mier aRwerili cvlilebebis dakanoneba?
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Tema 3 - arCevnebi sajaro skolaSi

mizani saqarTveloSi sajaro skolis mmarTvelobisa da TviTTmarTvelobis organoebis funqciebis gacnoba; moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mniSvnelobisa da SesaZleblobebis gaazreba. saWiro resursebi - furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, didi formatis qaRaldebi. xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (am gakveTilze sasurvelia mowveuli iyos skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri) gakveTilis procesi maswavlebeli dafaze wers frazebs: ganaTlebis ufleba; azrovnebis Tavisuflebisa da azris gamoxatvis ufleba; sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba. igi moswavleebs sTxovs 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi wyvilebSi imsjelon ganaTlebis uflebis Sesafaseblad - vin Rebulobs gadawyvetilebebs Tu ra da rogor unda iswavlos moswavlem? maswavlebeli urCevs, rom yuradrebiT daakvirdnen dafaze daweril frazebs. wyvilebSi msjelobis Sedegebs maswavlebeli ganixilavs mcire saerTo diskusiis saxiT (dro 5 wuTi). maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, wyvilebi gaerTiandnen oTxeulebad da Camoayalibon SeTanxmebuli daskvnebi Semdeg sakiTxebze (dro 10 wuTi): rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebebis miReba Cvens skolaSi? vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas ra, rogor unda iswavlebodes da ra RonisZiebebi unda Catardes? rogor xdeba skolis marTva? rogor miiReba sabiujeto da finansuri gadawyvetilebebi? rogor xdeba saskolo saswavlo gegmisa Tu Sinaganawesis SemuSaveba? ramdenad aris gaTvaliswinebuli moswavleebis azri?
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axla maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, rom oTxeulebi dawyvildnen (8-8 moswavle) da 5-7 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gansazRvron skolaSi demokratiulad arCeuli TviTmmarTvelobis organos/organoebis mniSvneloba. maswavlebeli kvlav amaxvilebs moswavleTa yuradRebas dafaze daweril frazebze. imavdroulad, igi urCevs Seajeron saSinao davalebis individualuri Sedegebi. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufis warmomadgenels ganxilvis Sedegebis warmosadgenad aZlevs 3-3 wuTs. amis Semdeg, maswavlebeli klass aZlevs 3-4 wuTs, raTa kidev erTxel gaecnon informacias moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi. igi aZlevs davalebas 8-8 kacian jgufebs, rom 5-7 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Camoayalibon, sakuTar skolaSi moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas kidev ra funqciis Sesruleba SeuZlia da unda hqondes. gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli aZlevs 3-3 wuTs jgufebis warmomadgenlebs saerTo mosazrebebis warmosadgenad. moswavleTa mier CamoTvlil funqciebs maswavlebeli Camowers dafaze. igi sTxovs moswavleTa TviTmarTvelobis wevrs klasidan, 5 wuTSi gaacnos moswavleebs informacia - umsjeliaT Tu ara TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebs aq dasaxelebuli funqciebis Sesaxeb? ra daskvnamde misulan da ratom? misi gamocdilebiT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia aq mowodebuli ideebis ganxorcieleba skolaSi da ratom? maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTilis Sedegebs da moswavleTa yuradRebas amaxvilebs maTi TviTmmarTvelobis mniSvnelobasa da SesaZleblobebze. igi Seaxsenebs mozardebs, rom maT win aqvT moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi da swored, mis samarTlianad CatarebaSi daexmarebaT programis dros miRebuli gamocdileba.
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Tema - Cemi arCevani: gadawyvetileba da Sedegebi

mizani: moswavleebisaTvis gasagebi gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZleblobebi, romlebic normaluri yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawils warmoadgens; gadawyvetilebis miRebis yvela etapis Sesaxeb miRebuli informacia gamoumuSavebT moswavleebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars; moswavleebi iswavlian, rogor gamoiyenon kritikuli azrovneba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili aqtivoba 1 (15 wT.) maswavlebeli sTavazobs bavSvebs Semdeg situacias: Tqven gindaT ezoSi TamaSi, magram saSinao davaleba jer ar mogimzadebiaT. Tqveni megobrebi gixmoben ezoSi saTamaSod. rogor moiqceviT?~ maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs xelis aweviT daadasturon, Tu romel gadawyvetilebas miiReben: 1. Cavlen saTamaSod ezoSi; 2. davalebas moamzadeben. Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, gaiazron is Sedegebi, romlebic ama Tu im arCevans SeiZleba mohyves. maswavlebeli variantebs wers dafaze. maswavlebeli isev mimarTavs maT, kidev erTxel miiRon gadawyvetileba, bolos imarTeba diskusia Semdegi kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT: ioli iyo Tu ara gadawyvetilebis miReba? romel SemTxvevaSi iyo gadawyvetileba sworad miRebuli? ra Seicvala, roca Sedegebi gaaanalizeT da ratom? ra iswavleT am savarjiSodan? mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma yuradReba gaamaxvilos imaze, rom nebismier gadawyvetilebas raRac Sedegi mohyveba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi mTavaria SesaZlo Sedegebis gansazRvra, dadebiTisa da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sejereba da amis safuZvelze optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba.
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maswavlebeli dafaze amagrebs formats, romelzedac Camowerilia gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis safexurebi da ganmartavs maT. kargi gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis saWiroa: aqtiurad mosmenis unari _ namdvilad mosmena imisa, rasac sxva pirovneba ambobs; TanagrZnoba _ gageba imisa, Tu ras grZnobs adamiani; molaparakebis gamarTvis unari _ im mxareTa mier erTmaneTis interesebis gagebis unari, romlebsac SeexebaT gadawyvetileba; kritikuli azrovneba _ alternativebis moZieba/Sexedulebebis Sefaseba. gadawyvetilebis safexurebisagan: miRebis procesi Sedgeba Semdegi
problemis gansazRvra. es aucileblad naTlad unda iyos gagebuli, raTa SemoTavazebulma gamosavalma Sedegi mogvces; sakuTari miznebis gageba. arCeul miznebze gavlenas axdens Rirebulebebi da is faqtorebi, rac mniSvnelovania. RirebulebaTa prioritetebis gansazRvriT ufro naTlad Cans, Tu ra aris sasurveli; alternativebis CamoTvla. Tu rogor SeiZleba moiqceva; TiToeuli saqcielis Sedegis gaiTvaliswinebiT; gamosavalis SerCeva. saukeTeso gamosavalis SerCeva da Sesabamisad moqceva; pasuxismgeblobis aReba. pasuxismgeblobis aReba da SedegebisTvis mzadyofna; Sefaseba. gadawyvetilebis miReba, raTa gamoCndes Tu ramdenad karg gavlenas axdens SerCeuli gamosavali; arCevanis gadasinjva. pirveli arCevanis gadasinjva im SemTxvevaSi Tu is ar aris mosawoni. gadasinjva procesis
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nawilia; obieqturoba da konkretuloba. daZabulobisa da gaRiziasnebulobis SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis arideba. raTa ar gaxdes aucilebeli miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gadasinjva. aqtivoba 2 (20 wT.): maswavlebeli mimarTavs bavSvebs: warmoidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dRes iRviZebT da igebT, rom im qalaqSi, sadac cxovrobT, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ufrosi Taobis adamianebi aRar iqnebian. Tqven SegiZliaT gaakeToT yvelaferi, rac gindaT. rogor moiqceviT?~ pasuxebi iwereba dafaze. maswavlebeli dayofs klass jgufebad 4-5 moswavlis SemadgenlobiT da daavalebs moifiqron da Camoweron is Sedegebi, romelic mohyveba maT mier arCeul qmedebebs. qmedebebisa da Sedegebis ganxilvis Semdeg moswavleebs maswavlebeli sTxovs datovon is variantebi, romlebic yvelasaTvis misaRebi da amasTanave, dadebiTi Sedegebis momtani iqneba. savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebisaTvis dasasmeli SekiTxvebi: `ra SeityveT axali Tqvens Sesaxeb?~ `ra iswavleT?~ aqtivoba 3 (20 wT.): gamarjvebuli moswavleebisaTvis maswavlebels gamzadebuli aqvs pirobiTi wamaxalisebeli prizebi (jobs mcire prizebi - mag: `Rimilebi~, magram didi raodenobis). maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs pirispir dasxdnen da mklavWidelebiviT xelebi gadaaWdon. is ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom TiToeulis mizania 2-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi rac SeiZleba meti prizi moipovos, romelsac metoqis mklavis yoveli gadawevisTvis miiRebs. rogorc wesi, mimdinareobs xangrZlivi Widili gamarjvebisaTvis. sazrianebi mogvianebiT xvdebian, rom WidilSi metoqeebi kargaven dros da amitom rigrigobiT uweven erTmaneTs xels. Tu maswavlebeli atyobs, rom moswavleTa naxevarze
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meti mainc morevis principiT agrZelebs Sejibrs, imeorebs savarjiSos. Tumca, dawyebamde is afrTxilebs maT, dafiqrdnen, rogor SeuZliaT ufro meti prizis mopoveba; savarjiSos dasrulebisas maswavlebeli klass ganxilvisTvis usvams kiTxvebs: am savarjiSodan ra daskvna gamoitaneT? rogori gadawyvetilebaa momgebiani? maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTilis Sedegebs.
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gamoyenebuli literatura
1. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, z. miminoSvili - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-10kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2006 w. 2. T. bregvaZe, i. petriaSvili - samoqalaqo aRzrda; me-10 kl. bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba. 2006 w. 3. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, m. gonaSvili da sxvebi - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2008 w. 4. T. qaldani, g. gabrielaSvili, l.gigauri, n. talaxaZe, m. nacvalaZe - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. ekonomikuri ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis centri. 2008 w. 5. flauersi, nensi. kompasito: saxelmZRv. adamianis uflebaTa ganaTl. sferoSi bavSvebisaTvis/ red. da Tanaavt. nensi flauersi; saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi monawileobdnen: maria emilia brederode-santosi [da sxv.]; saboloo red. JuJana seleni; il. daiana negi; [mTarmgn.: Tamar miqaZe, ana gegeWkori; red. daviT gelaSvili] - [Tb., 2009] 6. nino eremaSvili, maka feraZe, elguja makalaTia, giorgi gaxelaZe - samarTlebrivi kultura - saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klaselebisaTvis; proeqti harmonia. 2009 w. 7. rolf golobi, ted hudlestoni, piter krafi, don rouvi,uim taelmani - `cxovreba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi - wigni III; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri; 2009 w. 8. giorgi gaxelaZe, zurab xrikaZe, giorgi SarabiZe - instruqcia skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis; gaero, cesko, esgSc, ssgrsc, 2010 w.
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giorgi gaxelaZe 1991 wlidan igi ganaTlebis sistemaSi muSaobs, rogorc sajaro, ise akademiur da arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. 1992 wels daamTavra iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tsu fizikis fakulteti. misi saganmanaTleblo gamocdileba mravalferovania: maswavlebeli skolaSi, mozardTa saxlSi, saerTaSoriso proeqtebis erovnuli eqsperti, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori, ganaTlebis mkvlevari da profesori, zrdasrulTa mwvrTneli rogorc ganaTlebis, ise garemosdacviT da jandacvis sferoSi, akreditaciis eqsperti da a. S. Tavad aqvs gavlili profesiuli ganviTarebis mravali programa saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT. igi aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnobrivi programis avtori. amJamad igi maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis konsultantia. imavdroulad, giorgi aris ilias saxelmwifo univeristetSi ganaTlebis mkvlevari asistent-profesoria. igi aswavlis momaval maswavleblebsa da ganaTlebis administratorebs.

სამოქალაქო წიგნიერება - ავტორი გიორგი გახელაძე

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სამოქალაქო წიგნიერება - ავტორი გიორგი გახელაძე

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giorgi gaxelaZe

arsebiTi samoqalaqo unarebi

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mimarTuleba: mdgradi ganviTareba

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. , . -, . . , , , , 2009, . 11-12. Margaret Stimmann Branson,The Role of Civic Education, 1998

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