Nucleic acids chemistry tutorial

Y1, 2009 Prof. Iman Elshabrawy Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides & nucleotides MCQ
1- Nucleotides contain A. nitrogenous bases. B. fucose. C. no phosphate. D. deoxy pentose. E. glycosidic bonds. 2- Purine bases include A. adenine. B. cytosine. C. uracil. D. guanine. E. hypoxanthine. 3- Nitrogenous bases present in both DNA and RNA are: A. uracil. B. cytosine. C. thymine. D. adenine. E. guanine.

OBA
1- The order of bases from left-to right is A. U A G C T B. T G A C U C. A T C G U D. C U G A T E. T A G C U

2- Adjacent nucleotides are joined by A. a purine base. B. a 3'- 5' phosphodiester bond. C. a glycosidic bond . 1

D. a deoxyribose. E. a pyrimidine base. 3- Nucleoside nitrogenous base is attached to a pentose via A. a purine base. B. a 3'- 5' phosphodiester bond . C. a glycosidic bond. D. a deoxyribose. E. a pyrimidine base.

Relational
1- Aspartate and glutamine are essential for nucleotides synthesis. BECAUSE Aspartate and glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines. 2- The abbreviation dTMP, indicates the presence of deoxy ribose in this nucleotide. BECAUSE The abbreviation dTMP has the fourth letter P. 3- Nucleotides with multiple phosphate groups are called nucleosides. BECAUSE Nucleotides with multiple phosphate groups lakes the pentose.

MEQ
1- Purine and pyrimidine bases are components of nucleosides and nucleotides. Nucleotides are the basic units of nucleic acids. A. Illustrate with structure the common purine bases, and mention the enumeration of each atom of the base. Mention the bases in DNA and RNA. B. Illustrate with structure the common pyrimidine bases, and mention the enumeration of each atom of the base. Mention the bases in DNA and RNA. C. Explain the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides. Illustrate with diagram. D. Explain the nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides with examples for purines and pyrimidenes. E. Explain how to write the sequence of a polynucleotide chain with abbreviation. Illustrate with diagram.

Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA MCQ

1- Double helix of DNA A. is formed of 2 long polypeptide chains. B. involves bonding of A-G and C-T. C. has 2 identical chains. D. is right handed in B form. E. denatures by temperature but unable to anneal by cooling. 2- Histones are A. components of nucleosomes. B. only one class in DNA core. C. present with B form of DNA but not with A and Z forms. D. the only protein type present in nucleosomes. E. acting as a core to coil DNA. 3- mRNA A. is formed in cytoplasm and transferred to the nucleus. B. recognizes by its anticodon a specific amino acid. C. sequence of bases directs the synthesis of a specific protein. D. is in the form of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) primarily. E. bonds amino acids by peptidyl transferase.

OBA
1- RNA with unusual modified nucleotides is A. hnRNA . B. mRNA . C. rRNA. D. snRNA. E. tRNA. 2- RNA with the largest weight of cytoplasmic RNA is A. hnRNA . B. mRNA. C. rRNA . D. snRNA. E. tRNA. 3- Which one of the following double-stranded DNA molecules has the highest melting temperature (Tm)? A. GCGCGCGC CGCGCGC G B. GCCATGGC 3

CGGTACCG C. GGAATTCC CCTTAAGG D. GAAATTTC CTTTAAAG E. ATATATAT TATATATA

Relational
1- mRNA poly A tail don't have complementary sequences in nuclear DNA. BECAUSE mRNA poly A tail is added posttranscriptionally. 2- DNA carries the genetic information. BECAUSE DNA contains histones in nucleosomes. 3- Temperature of melting (Tm) of melting curve indicates DNA base composition. BECAUSE Temperature of melting (Tm) of melting curve indicates DNA sequences located on chromosomes, as multigene families and clusters.

MEQ
1- Nucleic acids are deoxy ribonucleic acids and ribonucleic (DNA and RNA). A. Explain the structure of DNA. Illustrate with diagrams. B. Describe properties and forms of DNA. C. Describe the structure of different major types of RNA. D. Describe the function of different major types of RNA. E. Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.

Free Nucleotides of Biological Importance MCQ

1- Free nucleotides with biological importance include: A. adenine triphosphate (ATP). B. transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). D. uridine diphosphate (UDP).

E. Z form of deoxy ribonucleic acid (Z form of DNA). 2- Free nucleotides that act as 2nd messenger are A. 3- phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate (PAPS). B. S- adenosyle methionine (SAM). C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). D. uridine diphosphate (UDP). E. cyclic guanosine mono phosphate (cGMP). 3- Coenzyme nucleotides are A. uridine diphosphate (UDP). B. coenzyme A. C. flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD). D. coenzyme B12. E. fatty acyl-adenylates.

OBA
1- A free nucleotide that act as a methyl donor in transmethylation reactions is A. 3- phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate (PAPS). B. uridine diphosphate (UDP). C. adenine triphosphate (ATP). D. S- adenosyle methionine (SAM). E. cytidine diphosphate (CDP). 2- A free nucleotide that act as an active donor of sulfate is A. 3- phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate (PAPS). B. S- adenosyle methionine (SAM). C. adenine triphosphate (ATP). D. uridine diphosphate (UDP). E. cytidine diphosphate (CDP). 3- A free nucleotide that act as the carrier of glucose in metabolic reactions is A. 3- phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate (PAPS). B. uridine diphosphate (UDP). C. adenine triphosphate (ATP). D. S- adenosyle methionine (SAM). E. cytidine diphosphate (CDP).

Relational
1- Nucleotides are not only components of nucleic acids. BECAUSE Nucleotides of great biological importance exist in the free state in living cells.

2- Free energy is collected in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). BECAUSE Free energy of ATP produces ADP which is critical for platelet aggregation. 3- Gyanosine triphosphate (GTP ) is required for mRNA capping. BECAUSE GTP is required for signal transduction through GTP- binding proteins.

MEQ
1- In addition to importance of nucleotides as components of nucleic acids, a number of nucleotides of great biological importance exist in the free state in living cells. A. List the functions of adenosine derivatives free nucleotides. B. List the functions of guanosine derivatives free nucleotides. C. List the functions of hypoxanthine (Inosine), uridine and cytosine derivatives free nucleotides. D. Give 3 examples of vitamin nucleotides. E. Give 2 examples of coenzyme nucleotides.