Section 1 Audio script: Michele: Hi, Angela, Are you a vegetarian or non-vegetarian?

Angela: Hi Michele, Yeah, I am a vegetarian Michele: Why dont you eat non-veg? Angela: I dont like it. Michele: Do you enjoy fruits and vegetables? Angela: I really enjoy them and eat daily. They are good for our health. Michele: What is your favourite fruit? Angela: My favourite fruit is apple. Michele: Which fruit you dont like to eat? Angela: I dont like papaya. Michele: And which vegetable you dont like? Angela: I dont like to eat gourd. Michele: At what time do you take breakfast? Angela: I take breakfast at 8am. Michele: What do you take in breakfast? Angela: I mostly take bread and butter or fruits with milk. Michele: Dont you enjoy pizza? Angela: We pizza with cheese but only on Sunday. Michele: Dont you take tea in the morning? Angela: I dont like tea. My favourite drink is flavored milk. Michele: What about cold drinks like Pepsi, Coke etc? Angela: They are bad for health because they contain pesticides. Michele: Dont you go to enjoy outside food at restaurants or hotels? Angela: Only on special occasions. Michele: With whom do you go? Angela: With my parents or friends. Michele: What is your favourite dish? Angela: Potato parantha with curd at home and pizza when we go outside. Michele: What do you take in lunch and dinner? Angela: Mostly chapattis with pulse or vegetable and raita. I also eat salad or fruit with each meal. Michele: So you try to take a balanced diet. Angela: Everybody should take a balanced diet because it is necessary to keep our body healthy. Complete the following statements. A. B. C. D. Michele is a friend of ____1____. Angela is a _____2_____ and she doesnt like _____3_____. She takes _____4_____or ______5_____ in breakfast. She takes breakfast at _____6_____. She takes pizza on _____7_____. She takes _____8_____ with pulse or _____9_____ and Raita.

E. She doesnt take cold drinks as they are _____10_____ according to her.

Section 2 Audio script: Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2009, its population was estimated to be 483,800, making it the seventh-most populous local authority district in England. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas; the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester had an estimated population of 2,600,100, the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of 2,240,230, and the Larger Urban Zone around Manchester, the second-most-populous in the UK, had an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2,539,100.[5] The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian. Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian vicus associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established c. AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as part of a process of unplanned urbanization brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution.[6] The urbanisation of Manchester largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era, resulting in it becoming the world's first industrialized city.[7] As the result of an early-19th century factory building boom, Manchester was transformed from a township into a major mill town, borough and was later granted honorific city status in 1853. Manchester was the site of the world's first railway station, hosted the first meeting of the Trades Union Congress and is where scientists first split the atom and developed the first programmable computer. It is known for its music scene and its sporting connections. Manchester was the host of the 2002 Commonwealth Games, and its sports clubs include two Premier League football teams, Manchester City and Manchester United.[8] Manchester is the third-most visited city in the United Kingdom by foreign visitors and the most visited in England outside London. Manchester is represented by three tiers of government, Manchester City Council ("local"), UK Parliament ("national"), and European Parliament ("Europe"). Greater Manchester County Council administration was abolished in 1986, and so the city council is effectively a unitary authority. Since its inception in 1995, Manchester has been a member of the English Core Cities Group,[55] which, among other things, serves to promote the social, cultural and economic status of the city at an international level.

The town of Manchester was granted a charter by Thomas Grelley in 1301 but lost its borough status in a court case of 1359. Until the 19th century, local government was largely provided by manorial courts, the last of which ended in 1846. From a very early time, the township of Manchester lay within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire. Pevsner wrote "That [neighbouring] Stratford and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England".[21] A stroke of a Norman baron's pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, though it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, it was Manchester, with its humbler line of lords, that was separated from Salford. It was this separation that resulted in Salford becoming the judicial seat of Staffordshire, which included the ancient parish of Manchester. Manchester later formed its own Poor Law Union by the name of Manchester. In 1792, commissionersusually known as police commissionerswere established for the social improvement of Manchester. In 1838, Manchester regained its borough status, and comprised the townships of Berwick, Cheetham Hill, Charlton upon Medlock and Hulme. By 1846 the borough council had taken over the powers of the police commissioners. In 1853 Manchester was granted city status in the United Kingdom. In 1885, Bradford, Harpurhey, Rusholme and parts of Moss Side and Washington townships became part of the City of Manchester. In 1889, the city became the county borough of Manchester, separate from the administrative county of Lancashire, and thus not governed by Lancashire County Council.[56] Between 1890 and 1933, more areas were added to the city from Lancashire, including former villages such as Burnage, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Didsbury, Fallowfield, Levenshulme, Longsight, and Washington. In 1931 the Cheshire civil parishes of Baguley, Northenden and Northern Etchells from the south of the River Mersey were added. In 1974, by way of the Local Government Act 1972, the City of Manchester became a metropolitan district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. That year, Ringway, the town where Manchester Airport is located, was added to the city. Chose the correct answer and complete the sentence. 11. The demonym of Manchester is A. United Kingdom B. Washington C. Mancunian D. Greater Manchester 12. Manchester is situated in the south-central part of A. North West England B. Mancunian C. Greater Manchester D. Washington 13. Manchester was the host of the Commonwealth Games in the year of A. 2006 B. 2009 C. 2002 D. 2003 14. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the A. England B. United Kingdom C. Mancunian D. Washington 15. The town of Manchester was granted a charter by Thomas Grelley in A. 1305 B. 1301 C. 1309 D. 1307

16. Police commissioners were established for the social improvement of Manchester in the year of A. 1792 B. 1860 C. 1790 D. 1793 17. Manchester regained its borough status, and comprised the townships of Berwick, Cheetham Hill, Charlton upon Medlock and Hulme in A. 1832 B. 1838 C. 1835 D. 1833 18. Manchester is represented by three tiers of government, Manchester City Council ("local"), European Parliament ("Europe") and A. UK Parliament ("national") B. Country Council C. City Council D. Washington 19. Manchester was granted city status in the United Kingdom in A. 1860 B. 1853 C. 1875 D. 1860 20. the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of A. 2,246,300 B. 2,245,225 C. 2,240,230 D. 2,251,260

Section 3 Audio script: Tom: good morning. Harry: good morning, tom. How are you? T: how are you Harry? Its been long since i called you. H: so where have you been all these days? T: i went to visit the Scottish highlands recently. H: how was your journey? T: it was very nice. I always like the place. H: what did you see there? Can you tell me something about the place? T: yes of course. The area is generally sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and includes the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis. Before the 19th century the Highlands was home to a much larger population, but due to a combination of factors including the outlawing of the traditional Highland way of life following the Jacobite Rising of 1745, the infamous Highland Clearances, and mass migration to urban areas during the Industrial Revolution, the area is

now one of the most sparsely populated in Europe. The average population density in the Highlands and Islands is lower than that of Sweden, Norway, Papua New Guinea and Argentina. H: all right. I have never been there. T: The Scottish Highlands lie to the north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, which runs from Arran to Stonehaven and contains some of the most interesting geology in Europe. This part of Scotland is largely composed of ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian periods which were uplifted during the later Caledonian Orogeny. Smaller formations of Lewisian gneiss in the north west are up to 3,000 million years old and amongst the oldest found anywhere on Earth. The overlying rocks of the Torridonian sandstone form spectacular mountains in the Torridon Hills such as Liathach and Beinn Eighe in Wester Ross. H: that is interesting. T: i also visited the Balmoral Estate. H: what is that? T: The Balmoral Estate began as a home built by Sir William Drummond in 1390.[2] The estate was formerly owned by King Robert II (13161390), who had a hunting lodge in the area. After Drummond, the estate was sold to Alexander Gordon, the 3rd Earl of Huntly, in the 15th century. The estate remained in the family's hands until it was sold in 1662 to the Farquharsons of Invery, who sold the estate in 1798 to the 2nd Earl Fife. The estate formed part of the coronation activities of King George IV in 1822. Balmoral is today best known as a royal residence, the summer retreat of Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. Its history as a royal residence dates back to 1848, when the house was leased to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert by the trustees of Sir Robert Gordon (who had obtained a long-term lease of the castle in 1830 and died in 1847). They very much enjoyed their stay in the house, and paid just over 30,000 for full ownership in 1852. Prince Albert immediately started making plans with William Smith to extend the existing 15th century castle, and make a new and bigger castle fit for the royal family. The new building Prince Albert ordered to be built within a hundred yards of the old castle was planned and designed partly by himself and completed in 1856. H: that sounds great. So you had a nice time for you. T: yes, absolutely. Well; call you later. Bye. H: bye. Give the correct answer to the following blanks. A. Tom went to visit _____21_____. There they have their _____22_____. B. The Scottish Highlands lie to the north and west of the _____23_____. C. The area is generally _____24_____, with many _____25_____ dominating the region.

D. E. F. G.

The Balmoral Estate began as a home built by Sir _____26_____ in _____27_____. Before the 19th century the Highlands was home to a much _____28_____. The area is now one of the most sparsely populated in _____29_____. Balmoral is today best known as a royal residence, the summer retreat of Queen Elizabeth II and _____30_____.

Section 4 Audio script: The conventional view of English origins is that the English are primarily descended from the AngloSaxons, Germanic tribes that migrated to Great Britain following the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, with assimilation of later migrants such as the Vikings and Normans. This version of history is considered by some historians and geneticists as simplistic or even incorrect. The Celts, particularly their use of Brythonic languages such as Cornish, Cumbric, and Welsh, held on for several centuries in parts of England such as Cornwall, Devon, Cumbria, Northumberland, the West Midlands (particularly Herefordshire and Shropshire), Cheshire, Lancashire, and parts of Yorkshire (particularly West Yorkshire). However, the notion of the Anglo-Saxon English has traditionally been important in defining English identity and distinguishing the English from their Celtic neighbours, such as the Scots, Welsh, Cornish and Irish. Historian Catherine Hills describes what she calls the "national origin myth" of the English: The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons ... is still perceived as an important and interesting event because it is believed to have been a key factor in the identity of the present inhabitants of the British Isles, involving migration on such a scale as to permanently change the population of south-east Britain, and making the English a distinct and different people from the Celtic Irish, Welsh and Scots ....this is an example of a national origin myth ... and shows why there are seldom simple answers to questions about origins.[7] A popular interest in English identity is evident in the recent reporting of scientific and sociological investigations of the English, in which their complex results are heavily simplified. In 2002, the BBC used the headline "English and Welsh are races apart" to report a genetic survey of test subjects from market towns in England and Wales,[8] while in September 2006, The Sunday Times reported that a survey of first names and surnames in the UK had identified Ripley in Derbyshire as "the 'most English' place in England with 88.58% of residents having an English ethnic background".[9] The Daily Mail printed an article with the headline "We're all Germans! (and we have been for 1,600 years)".[10] In all these cases, the language of race is employed by the journalists. [11] In addition, several recent books, including those of Stephen Oppenheimer and Brian Sykes, have argued that the recent genetic studies in fact do not show a clear dividing line between the English and their 'Celtic' neighbours, but that there is a gradual clinal change from west coast Britain to east coast Britain. They suggest that the majority of the ancestors of British peoples were the original palaeolithic settlers

of Great Britain, and that the differences that exist between the east and west coasts of Great Britain though not large, are deep in prehistory, mostly originating in the upper palaeolithic and Mesolithic (15,000-7,000 years ago). Furthermore, Oppenheimer states that genetic testing has proven that "75% of British and Irish ancestors arrive[d] between 15,000 and 7,500 years ago".[12] Oppenheimer also claims that Celtic split from Indo-European earlier than previously suspected, some 6000 years ago, while English split from Germanic before the Roman period. Oppenheimer believes that a Germanic language that became English was spoken by the tribes of what is now England long before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxon and also discounts the view that the people of the area were ever Celtic. Complete the following statements with the correct information. A. Celtic split from Indo-European earlier than previously suspected, some _____31_____ ago. B. A popular interest in English identity is evident in the recent reporting of _____32_____ investigations of the English. C. The notion of the Anglo-Saxon English has traditionally been important in defining _____33_____. D. The majority of the ancestors of British peoples were the original _____34_____ of Great Britain. E. Genetic testing has proven that "75% of British and Irish ancestors arrive[d] between _____35_____ years ago". F. The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons ... is still perceived as an _____36_____ event. G. In _____37_____, the _____38_____ used the headline "English and Welsh are races apart" to report a genetic survey of test subjects from market towns in England and Wales. H. several recent books, including those of _____39_____ and _____40_____, have argued that the recent genetic studies in fact do not show a clear dividing line between the English and their 'Celtic' neighbors.