Assignment 2 Hardware

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1. List down different kind of motherboard for the pc

There are mainly 4 types of motherboards, they are XT, AT, Baby AT and ATX. XT Motherboard XT stands for eXtended Technology . These are old motherboard where we can find old model processor socket; LIF sockets, ram slots; DIMM and ISA slots as well as a 12pin Power Connector. Examples of XT motherboard are Pentium-I, Pentium-MMX, Pentium-II and Pentium-II processors. AT Motherboard AT stands for Advanced Technology. In this motherboard it has a PGA socket, SD Ram slots, 20pin power connector PCI slots and ISA slots. Example of AT motherboard is Pentium-III processors. Baby AT Motherboard Baby AT motherboard have the combination of XT and AT. They have both slot type processor sockets and PGA processor sockets, SD Ram slots and DDR Ram slots, PCI slots, ISA slots, 12pins and 20pins power connector and Ports. Example of Baby AT motherboard are Pentium-III and Pentium-IV ATX Motherboard ATX stands for Advanced Technology extended, the latest motherboard in use design by ATX form factor. In ATX it has a MPGA processor connectors, 20pins and 24pins ATX power connector and Ports. Example of ATX motherboard are Pentium-IV, i3, i5 and i7 Processors.

2. What is the difference between AT and ATX motherboard? Sketch the layout of the two motherboards.

AT motherboard An SMPS mechanical switch Parallel in wide edge Uses 2 pieces 1 row connector Hardware power supply

ATX motherboard An SMPS with DC switch Parallel in narrow edge Uses 1 piece 2 rows of 10 connectors Software power supply General layout of ATX

General layout of AT motherboard motherboard

3. List the pins number of various kind of connector on the motherboard and at the back of the PC. On the motherboard IDE connector ATX power connector Floppy connector Smart card reader connector Internal Audio connectors 40 pins 24 pins 34 pins 14-1pin 4 pins At the back of PC USB 4 pins P/2 6 pins Serial port 9 pins / 15 pins Firewire 1394 6 pins VGA 15 pins

4. What are the DC voltages we can find from the DC power supply?

The DC voltages we can find from the power supply are +12V, -12V, +5V, +5VBs and +3.3V.

5. List down the electrical problem we are facing when operating our PC

Blackout Flicker Out gate Hardware failures Memory error, data error, brownouts, or reboots

6. What are ESD, EMI and RFI? - ESD stands for Electrostatic Discharge is a single-event, rapid transfer of electrostatic charge between two objects, usually resulting when two objects at different pottentials came into direct contact with each other. - EMI stands for Electromagnetic Interference is a disturabancethat affects and elecrical circuit due to either electromagnetic conduction emmited from an external source. - RFI stands for Radio Frequency Inteference is any undesireable electrical energy with content within the freguency range dedicated to radio frequency transmission.

7. List different kind of PC storage.

RAM ROM Floppy disk Hard disk drive CD-ROM / DVD-ROM

8. List various kinds of RAM and their pin numbers.

SIMM 72 pins DIMM 168 pins RIMM 184 pins AIMM 66 pins SO-DIMM 144 pins DDR DIMM 184 pins SRAM 168 pins DRAM 184 pins VRAM 86 pins

1. What is the function of OS? - The function of OS is to interpret the commands executed by the user, to handle disk input/output settings, loaded in the memory at boot-up and remain in the memory at all times.

2. List down some of the OS that we can use in a small computer?

MS Window 98 Win XP Mac OS Linux Unix

3. What is the different between text based and graphic base OS? Text based OS

Graphic base OS Operates using graphical pictures and symbols. Use computer graphics capabilities to replaces tect based command to make the program easier to use. Runs multiple program at a time.

Has primary input and output based on text. Use complicated command and type them precisely to run program. Run one program at a time. More windows active at a time. Only one active window at a time. Editor window size is fixed according to the user screen. Windows can be resize, minimized, move around the screen and can be changed into icons.

Difficult to use.

Convenience and easy to use.

4. List down some of the internal and external command of the text based and briefly explain the function of these command. Internal command cd change directory dir list the directory cls clear screen del deletes files from disk External command Fdisk create set, delete and display partition Format format primary partition Setup Install operating system Move move of files

5. What is FDISK used for and then list down the menu that we can find under FDISK. - Fdisk is used to create or delete partition in the hard drive. It can be found under the menu Create, Set and Display partition menu.

6. Explain briefly what File System is. - File system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them.

7. What is the different between physical and logical drive? - Physical disk is the actual tangible unit of hardware of a disk. - Logical disk is a device that provides an area of usable storage capacity on one or more physical disk drive component in a computer system.

8. List down the complete steps on how to install Windows 98 OS? By using VMWare; Start up win98 Press key to the BIOS setup By pressing F2 Detect drive Select boot from CD Then set the setting to Hard disk drive From flopp A Click F10 to save On the screen, enter Fdisk for partitioning

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Select from the menu create Then choose from list, to create a primary disk drive Then setup the no.of drive you want it to have Then save, then partition is made Then set the partition to be set active Then restart the program by clicking Ctrl+Alt+Delete Then go to D:\ then to f:\ Enter format, to format your disk Then the win98 is setup

9. What is the different between basic and dynamic disk? - Basic disk are the ones that IT pros are most familiar with, and the typical terms and technologies apply. It uses a partition table to manage allpartitions on the basic disk - Dynamic disk support new features and new terminlogy. It uses a hidden LDM database to manage all volumes on the dynamic disk. It also can well handle the large partition of more than 2TB