Kate Keenan April 12, 2012 Comms 301 Professor Adams Test #3 Guiding Statement: Propaganda played an important

role in mobilizing public opinion behind war efforts. Questions: How did posters raise morale and promote values associated with positive ideals surrounding the war? How much influence did the American government and their citizens have in swaying their opinions in favor and against the war? How did propaganda tactics change with the constant advancement of technology and the media? 1.Americas entrance in WWII needed propaganda for support Americans initially wanted nothing to do with WWII. Most of the population wanted zero involvement in the war and decided it was a war that Europe needed to deal with on their one, Many felt as though their time would be more valuable spent focusing on American and their problems at home. The American people were still devastated by the loss of the first World War and the depression. They felt as though the war wasnt focused on the American people and therefore they should stay out. However, that all quickly changed. Example: When Pearl Harbor was struck, Americans realized that they could no longer stand by; they had to get involved. This war not involved them, whether or not they liked it. Anthony V. Navarro wrote a paper entitled A Critical Comparison Between Japanese and American Propaganda during World War II. Navarro wrote how in order for America to succeed, they needed the support of their people and to gain their support they must used propaganda. He wrote, What makes the social aspect of war so significant is that it involves a dynamic within the human person. In time of war, there is killing, violence, and hate, all stirred up from within. Thoughts and emotions come into play. Ideologies and philosophies, ways of life, and cultures clash. War is no longer only between soldiers on a battlefield but between nations and their ideas. And in order to make a whole nation of people support the war with mind and spirit, there needs to be influence. That influence is propaganda. 2. Posters grab attention and get citizens involved Propaganda was used in forms of posters to get American citizens excited to enter into the war. They needed the support if they had a fighting chance in winning. With the support of their people, America proved to be a force to reckoned with. Posters proved to be one of the most significant and powerful forms of propaganda in WWII. America

needed to increase production of materials and inspire the people to put all of their effort in the war. Example: Most posters were focused around production and labor. While the iconic Uncle Sam Wants You poster is among the most popular, other posters during that time period promoted different messages that were well received. One poster in particular promoted conserving gasoline. It read, When you ride ALONE you ride with Hitler! Join a Car-Sharing Club TODAY! They wanted to focus on Hitler and his dangerous ways. The poster targets the public by saying that if you dont share your car and carpool you are supporting the enemy. 3. With the men away, the women must step up World War II was one of the first and most successful efforts that specifically targeted women and having them get involved. The media used different tactics to target this issue of gaining women support. They worked through their husbands promoting the ideas that they should encourage their women to work. They often portrayed working as glamorous and that women should want to work to help their country. The government focused on patriotism to gain lots of support for working women. Example: Rosie the Riveter was the most popular womens working poster from that time period. The poster glamorized working women, flexing her muscles with the caption of We can do it above her. This is the most successful ad campaign in American history and changed they way women were viewed from then on. The Ad Council commented on the posters saying, The underlying theme was that the social change required to bring women into the workforce was a patriotic responsibility for women and employers. Those ads made a tremendous change in the relationship between women and the workplace. Employment outside of the home became socially acceptable and even 4. Governments steps up involvement One important way to get your countrys support in a cause was to have the government create programs that distribute its ideals. Once again, Americans entrance in WWII was not popular among the American people. The government needed something to back their decision and create positive energy surrounding their involvement in the war. They needed to create a way to send messages to the public in an organized way and something that could monitor all information that was distributed to the public. Their messages needed to be consistent and patriotic. Example: In 1942, the U.S. Office of War Information was created. The programs main purpose was to approve content for posters and other government propaganda. Although their ideas and tactics were not always effective and sometimes contradicting, the overall idea to be united in a cause was a worthy goal to unite the American population. Their posters reflected their vision of the war and how they wanted the people to respond to the war.

5. The Vietnam War sparks major anti-war propaganda The Vietnam War was the first in many aspects for American society. It was widely unpopular war, in a time where many citizens were expressing their opinions loudly. While the government was trying hard to promote the war positively and influence the pubic to agree with their decision to enter the war, it had little effect on the numerous amounts of people who disagreed with the war. Protest against the war could be seen across the country, especially on college campuses. They specifically protested the draft and adamant in getting their point across. Protesters burned draft cards, created posters and held many demonstrations to voice their opinion. In my opinion, all of these actions are different forms of anti-war propaganda. Example: One of the most popular and vocal of the anti-war draft groups was the Draft Resistance-Seattle. Their leader Ernest Dudley refused to be drafted and his leadership sparked a protest surrounding his trial. This sparked multiple other groups to protest the government and its laws. . This is just one small example of anti-war propaganda during those times. Demonstrations and protest across campuses including Berkley influence the young citizens across the country. Their voices were heard across the country and played an important role in the anti-war movement. 6. Radio is used to address the masses Radio was used to address the masses. As radio became more and more accessible, it became a medium that was used to spread important messages. Public figures were able to vocalize their opinions and use the radio to make a point. In the best situation possible, the radio could be used for propaganda. Its influence was wide and varied on different war efforts. Example: In 1919, President Wilson made the first radio broadcast to a World Ware I ship. The message was also picked up by in America. Another important broadcast was FDRs address to the nation after Pearl Harbor. His speech forever has a place in Americas history. It said, Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might, will win through to absolute victory. 7. Film was used to promote government ideals During World War II, the movies became a popular destination for people to attend. Sensing the effect that they could have over the American population, the government decided to capitalize on the film industry and use it to present propaganda for the war. They found it the perfect opportunity to share their ideals and hope to influence people in support of the war. People were easily influenced by what they saw at the movies and information regarding the war would be no different. Example: Frank Capras Why We Fight was a series of propaganda short films. These films were focused on promoting America patriotism. They knew they could capture the American population by showing them films that supported the war. This was

one aspect that advancements in technology were used for propaganda. 8. Radio reaches millions during Vietnam War Though radio had been used during both world wars, the impact that it had during the Vietnam War proved to be very influential. Not only was radio used on the American home front to influence the population there, it was also used over seas as well. By the 1960s and 1970s radio was widely available to all and a very powerful tool for those with authority or those wanting to promote ideals. Example: In Vietnam, radio was used to influence American troops and soldiers. Trinh Thi Ngo, also known as Hanoi Hannah broadcasted three times day directed at American soldiers. Her messages would list the newly killed or imprisoned Americans, try to convince American boys that the war was unjust and immoral, and in between it all, play popular songs of the day.

Works Cited 41. 4"4A4m4e4r4i4c4a4n4 4P4r4o4p4a4g4a4n4d4a4 4i4n4 4W4W4I4I4.4"4 4T4h4i4n4k4Q4u4e4s4t4.4 4O4r4a4c4l4e4 4F4o4u4n4d4a4t4i4o4n4.4 4W4e4b4.4 41414 4A4p4r4.4 424041424.4 4<4h4t4t4p4:4/4/ 4l4i4b4r4a4r4y4. 4t4h4i4n4k4q4u4e4s4t4. 4o4r4g4/ 4C404141414540404/4w4w424/4a4m4e4r4i4c4a4n4/4a4m4e4r4p4r4o4p4.4h4t4m4>4.4 4 42. 4B4a4r4r4i4n4g4e4r4,4 4M4a4r4k4.4 4"4T4h4e4 4A4n4t4i4-4W4a4r4 4M4o4v4e4m4e4n4t4 4i4n4 4t4h4e4 4U4n4i4t4e4d4 4S4t4a4t4e4s4.4"4 4W4e4l4c4o4m4e4 4t4o4 4E4n4g4l4i4s4h4 44 4D4e4p4a4r4t4m4e4n4t4 4o4f4 4E4n4g4l4i4s4h4,4 4C4o4l4l4e4g4e4 4o4f4 4L4A4S4,4 4U4n4i4v4e4r4s4i4t4y4 4o4f4 4I4l4l4i4n4o4i4s4.4 414949494.4 4W4e4b4.4 41404 4A4p4r4.4 424041424.4 4<4h4t4t4p4:4/4/ 4w4w4w4. 4e4n4g4l4i4s4h4. 4i4l4l4i4n4o4i4s4. 4e4d4u4/4m4a4p4s4/4v4i4e4t4n4a4m4/4a4n4t4i4w4a4r4.4h4t4m4l4>4.4 4 43. 4"4F4r4a4n4k4l4i4n4 4D4e4l4a4n4o4 4R4o4o4s4e4v4e4l4t4 4P4e4a4r4l4 4H4a4r4b4o4r4 4S4p4e4e4c4h4,4 4D4e4c4e4m4b4e4r4 484,4 414944414.4"4 4F4r4o4m4 4R4e4v4e4l4u4t4i4o4n4 4t4o4 4R4e4c4o4n4s4t4r4u4c4t4i4o4n4.4 4U4n4i4v4e4r4s4i4t4y4 4o4f4 4G4r4o4n4i4n4g4e4n4,4 424041404.4 4W4e4b4.4 41404 4A4p4r4.4 424041424.4

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