A

Articles of Confederation-An article created at the Constitutional Convention in 1776. This was a document that stated how the government would be run. It stated that the national government would have limited power and the states would have a majority of the power.

B
Boston Massacre-In the fall of 1768, 1,000 British soldiers arrived in Boston under the control General Thomas Gage. Soldiers got low wages so they took up jobs as workers. On March 5, 1770 the tensions that were rising finally exploded. The American workers were insulting the British soldiers to point where the soldiers fired upon the American workers. Five people total died, among them the was Chrispus Attucks. This incident was called the Boston Massacre by the Sons of Liberty and was used for propaganda against the British.

C
Civil Rights Act-This was a bill passed by Congress promoting Civil Rights. These rights were granted to all citizens. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 stated that all persons born in the United States (except Native Americans) were citizens and all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race. President Andrew Johnson vetoed the bill though. He argued that the federal protection of people's civil rights would lead to centralization of the national government. He also argued that making African Americans citizens would operate against the white race. Congress overrode the veto and made the bill a law.

D
Declaration of Independence-The Declaration of Independence was a document declaring our nations independence from Britain. The Congress put a team together to write the declaration. The team consisted of Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston and Thomas Jefferson. The team chose Thomas Jefferson to draft it. The Declaration was finished on July 2, 1776. Two days later the Declaration was adopted by Congress on July 4, 1776. The president of Congress, John Hancock, signed it first and wrote his signature so large that the king would be sure to see it.

E
Exploration of Lewis and Clark-Since 1802 President Thomas Jefferson wanted to explore the new Louisiana Territory we purchased from France. To do so Jefferson chose a young officer named Meriwether Lewis to lead this expedition. Lewis wanted to take his old friend William Clark along on the expedition as well as a volunteer force. They set out in

the summer of 1803 and by winter they reached St. Louis. The explorers set out from St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River in the May of 1804.They made canoes out of hollowed tree trunks and set out on the very shallow Missouri River. By late October of 1804 they reached the Mandan Indian villages in what is now North Dakota. The explorers built a small fort and spent the winter with the Mandan. By spring of 1805, the expedition set out again this time with two extra explorers. Seventeen year old, Sacagawea, her husband, a French trapper, and their new child the set out to explore more of this new undiscovered territory. In November of 1805 they reached the Pacific Ocean. This expedition brought back wealth of scientific and geographic knowledge.

F
French Revolution-In 1789 France launched a revolution for liberty and equality, much like the Americans did and for many of the same reasons. The U.S. supported the revolution at first but then in 1793 the revolution turned violent. They even beheaded their king, King Louis XVI, and his wife, Marie Antoinette, as well as other citizens who were being accused of being enemies of the state. This started to cause conflict between political leaders. Some thought that the U.S. should support the French in their revolution as they had did to us but others thought we should stay out of their political business. It caused more conflict as France declared war on Britain, Spain and Holland. Though things were still tense between Britain and America Britain was still a big trading partner to the U.S. George Washington, who was the president of the country at the time, decided to remain neutral to prevent more war and debt for the U.S.

G
Gettysburg Address-On July 1, 1863 the Battle of Gettysburg took place and lasted for three days. On November 19, 1863 President Lincoln gave a speech at the dedication of a cemetery at Gettysburg for the 3,500 soldiers who died in the Battle of Gettysburg. The speech was short and few heard it. The few who did hear it were impressed. Lincoln said it was a flat failure. His speech has become very popular and is referenced to a lot.

H
Patrick Henry-Patrick Henry was a famous political leader before American Revolution. He is most famous for his quote, Give me liberty or give me death. He was part of the Virginias House of Burgesses and earned most of his fame for making a speech in Virginias House of Burgesses in March of 1775. When he was invited to attend the Constitutional Convention, in Philadelphia, in 1787 he refused he said he, smelled a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward monarchy. He didnt want the Constitution to be ratified either. Overall he was a famous political influence on the people in America.

I
Immigration-Immigration takes place all over the world and still goes on today. Immigration is much different than it was back then for it is more modernized and the rules are now stricter. Immigration is main reason for our country's diversity. In 1820 people from Ireland, Germany, Great Britain, The Americas and Scandinavia came to America. They all came for different reasons. In Ireland many left because of many reasons. One the British controlled Ireland and did not allow Catholics to vote or hold office. This lead to a very high poverty rate. The second reason is the disease that attacked the potato crop and caused a potato famine, called The Irish Potato Famine. The Germans and Scandinavians came for many of the same reasons. Most were under the poverty line and came to America to buy land. Most of the new immigrants moved to the Midwest.

J
Andrew Jackson-Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the U.S. He was born in South Carolina on March 15, 1767. He was the first president to come from the west. Jackson was a tough man and became a very famous general in The War of 1812. He helped win many battles including the Battle of New Orleans. He became president in 1829. He was a good president and the only one who got our country out of debt. Most people admire him except for the fact that he sent many Native Americans out to the west forcibly.

K
Bleeding Kansas-After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which split the Kansas-Nebraska Territory into two pieces. To decide whether the state would slave or free is by popular sovereignty. Right away many southerners and northerners moved to these territories to vote. Many southerners came to these states and voted illegally. As a result of this the Kansas legislature was full of proslavery representatives. Antislavery settlers boycotted and formed their own government. In May, a proslavery mob attacked the anti slavery town of Lawrence. This came to be known as the Sack of Lawrence. To get back at the proslavery attackers John Brown, an extreme abolitionist, and seven other men murdered five of his proslave neighbors. This attack was called the Pottawatomie Massacre.

L
Lexington and Concord-The Battle of Lexington and Concord was known as the very first battle of the Revolutionary War. As Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, It was a shot heard round the world. On April 19, 1775, 700 British troops marched to Lexington. They found Captain John

Parker and 70 Militiamen waiting. They asked the Militiamen to drop their muskets and when they refused eight militiamen lay dead. The British marched on to Concord where they destroyed military supplies. A battle broke out at the bridge north of the town forcing the British to retreat. 4,000 Militiamen lined the roads from Lexington and Concord to attack the British. This was the very first battle of the Revolutionary War and was the start of a new country.

M
Monroe Doctrine-The Monroe Doctrine was a document created by President Monroe in 1823. This document was created to after several Latin American countries gained their independence from Spain and Portugal. This document was used to prevent America from further colonization. It also said that America would stay out of European affairs and Europe would stay out of ours.