CHNG 2

K thut ghp knh s PCM v PDH

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Ni dung chng 2
2.1 2.2 Ghp knh PCM Ghp knh PDH 2 6

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Ni dung chng 2
2.1 2.2 Ghp knh PCM Ghp knh PDH 2 6

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Nguyn l TDM

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Nguyn l TDM

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Nguyn l TDM

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Nguyn l TDM

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Nguyn l TDM

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H thng PCM & TDM

Vi cc knh 64 kbit/s t cc tng i s, c 3 phng php ghp knh:
PDH(plesiochronous digital hierarchy) (50-60,G.702) SONET (synchronous optical network) (85) SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) (CCITT 88)
European PCM frame

125 s

32 time slots x 8 bits x 8000 Hz = 32 x 64 kbit/s = 2048 kbit/s frame synchronization slot signaling or traffic
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traffic

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

PDH E-1 frame

S khi PCM: u ghp (u pht)

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S khi PCM: u tch (u thu)

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Cu trc khung lung E1

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E1 CAS Transmission Format

ITU-T Rec. G.704

Frame

Multiframe (16 frames) 6 7 8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Frame 0 (32 Time Slots)

Frame 1 (32 Time Slots)

Time Slot

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Time Slot 1 Speech Speech (Ch. 1) Ch. 1-15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LSB X0011011 00000000
Frame Alignment Word

Time Slot 0 (8 bits)

Time Slot 16 (8 bits) 0 0 0 0X0XX

MultiFrame Alignment Word

Speech Ch. 16-30

Time Slot 0 (8 bits) X1 0XXXXX

Time Slot 16 Speech Fr. Ch. Ch. Ch. 1-15 Signalling Bits 11111111 00000000

Speech Ch. 16-30

Changes to 1 on loss of distant multiframe

Changes to 1 on loss of distant frame (remote alarm) Not-Frame alignment word

1 1 16 2 ABCD 2 AB 17 CD 3 3 18 : : 15 15 30

Khi truyn tn hiu s liu 64 Kbit/s, v khng c tn hiu bo hiu i km nn TS16 c dng cho knh s liu th 31 TS.V Trng Sn Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

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Cc khe thi gian 0 v 16 trong a khung

Khung S 0 1 2 3 . . . 15
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TS0 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TS16 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cc khe thi gian 0 v 16

Khung S
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

TS0 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 1 1 0 1 1 X X 1 X X X 1 1

TS16 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 X Z X X SIG - Ch1 SIG - Ch2 SIG - Ch3 SIG - Ch4 SIG - Ch5 SIG - Ch6 SIG - Ch7 SIG - Ch16 SIG - Ch17 SIG - Ch18 SIG - Ch19 SIG - Ch20 SIG - Ch21 SIG - Ch22
15

1 0

X X 1

X X X 1 1

1 0

X X 1

X X X 1 1

1 0

X X

X X X

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Cc khe thi gian 0 v 16

Khung S
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

TS0 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y 1 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 1 1 0 1 1 X X 1 X X X 1 1

TS16 bit s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SIG - Ch8 SIG - Ch9 SIG - Ch10 SIG - Ch11 SIG - Ch12 SIG - Ch13 SIG - Ch14 SIG - Ch15 SIG - Ch23 SIG - Ch24 SIG - Ch25 SIG - Ch26 SIG - Ch27 SIG - Ch28 SIG - Ch29 SIG - Ch30
16

1 0

X X 1

X X X 1 1

1 0

X X 1

X X X 1 1

1 0

X X

X X X

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ng b trong ghp knh c s

C 3 cp ng b trong ghp knh c s:
ng b bit (ng b ng h) ng b khung, v ng b a khung.

ng b bit c thc hin nh vo

m ng truyn v khi phc ng h ti u thu.

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Thut ton ng b khung

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Qu trnh ng b khung
CC TRNG THI NG B KHUNG FAC FAE N FA : ng b khung ng : ng b khung sai : trng thi bnh thng : trng thi cnh bo

F1,F2,F3: trng thi tin cnh bo A1,A2 : trng thi tin ng b

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Cnh bo mt ng b

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ng b a khung
ng b a khung thc hin sau khi t c ng b khung:
Tm khe thi gian 16 Kim tra 4 bit u xem c gi tr l 0000 Nu ng, khung ang c l khung 0 v t c ng b a khung Nu sai, nhy mt khung v tip tc xem xt khe thi gian 16.

(Cc nhm 4 bit bo hiu ca cc knh khng bao gi c dng 0000)

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Cu trc khung PCM24

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So snh PCM24 & PCM30/32

PCM24 Tn s ly mu(kHz) rng khe thi gian(s) rng bit(s) Tc bit(Mbps) Chu k mt khung(s) S bit trong 1 t m S khung trong mt a khung Chu k mt a khung(ms) Tn hiu ng b khung trong Tn hiu ng b a khung trong T m ng b khung
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PCM30/32

So snh PCM24 & PCM30/32

PCM24 Tn s ly mu(kHz) rng khe thi gian(s) rng bit(s) Tc bit(Mbps) Chu k mt khung(s) S bit trong 1 t m S khung trong mt a khung Chu k mt a khung(ms) Tn hiu ng b khung trong Tn hiu ng b a khung trong T m ng b khung
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PCM30/32

8 5,2 0,65 1,544 125 8 12 1,5 cc khung l cc khung chn 101010

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8 3,9 0,49 2,048 125 8 16 2 cc khung chn khung 0 0011011 0000

24

001110

Tng kt T1 v E1
Trong PSTN, hai h thng PCM c s dng rng ri l:
T1, Bell Laboratories pht trin, s dng USA, Nht E1, CEPT pht trin, s dng rng ri cc quc gia khc.

C hai lung E1&T1 u c tc khung 8000 frames/s lung T1

24 Ts v 1 bit ng b phc v 24 knh di khung: 1+ 8x24=193 bits Tc : 193x8000 bits/second=1544 kb/s

lung E1
Khung c 32 Ts, TS0 dng cho ng b v TS 16 dng cho thng tin bo hiu.

Mt khung E1 c 32x8=256 bits v tc l 8000x256=2048 kb/s

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Ni dung chng 2
2.1 2.2 Ghp knh PCM Ghp knh PDH 2 6

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Phn cp ghp knh PDH

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Cc cp ghp theo chun Chu u

Mc E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 S Knh 30 120 480 1920 7680
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Tc bit ( Mbps) 2.048 (2M) 8.448 (8M) 34.368 (34M) 139.264 (140M) 564.992 (565M)

M ng truyn AMI, HDB3 HDB3 HDB3 CMI CMI

28

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Cc cp ghp theo chun Bc M

Mc DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4 S Knh 24 96 672 4032 Tc bit ( Mbps) 1.544 6.312 44,736 274,176
Bi ging K thut ghp knh s 29

M ng truyn Lng cc Lng cc( B6ZS) Lng cc( B6ZS)

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Nguyn l ghp lung th cp

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Nguyn l ghp lung th cp

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S khng ng b ng h

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ng b ng h & trt bit

Cc lung s n khng hon ton ng b vi nhau Xut hin hin tng trt bit ti khi ghp knh

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K thut chn
C 2 k thut chn c bn:
Chn dng: Chn m:

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K thut chn
Chn dng: (S dng rng ri)
chn thm xung cho lung n chm so vi ng h ghp knh. trong tng khung cp cao dnh cho mi lung cp thp mt v tr gi l bit chn.
Bnh thng, bit ny mang thng tin, nu lung cp thp n chm, mt bit trng c chn vo v tr ny.

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K thut chn
Chn m:
rt bt bit trng ra khi lung n nhanh so vi ng h ghp knh. Trong tng khung cp cao dnh cho mi lung cp thp mt v tr gi l bit chn. Bnh thng, bit ny l bit trng, nu lung cp thp n nhanh, bit trng ny c rt ra v thay vo l mt bit thng tin.

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K thut chn dng

Chn: s ng b nhm chng li vic mt s liu do trt. Tc ra R > R1+R2
i.e. E2, 8.448Mbps = 4x2.048Mbps + 256 Kbps

Bit chn v ch th chn

Vi cc khung bc cao, mi mt lung bc thp c php chn hoc khng chn 1 bit n vo mi khung bc cao (bit chn). Cn ch r c chn hay khng u phn knh nhn bit. Cn mt s bit lm cng vic ny (cc bit ch th chn).

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K thut chn dng

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Cu trc khung E2 (8Mbps)

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Chn trong lung E2

V d 1: Trong khi ghp 4 lung E1 (A, B, C, D) thnh 1 lung E2, gi s trong khung th k, cc lung A v D khng chn, cc lung B v C c chn. Xc nh trng thi cc bt S v C? Gii: S1: C11: C12: C13: S2: C21: C22: C23: S3: C31: C32: C33: S4: C41: C42: C43:

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Chn trong lung E2

V d 2: Trong khi phn knh 1 lung E2 thnh 4 lung E1 (A, B, C, D), gi s trong khung th k, ta nhn c cc nhm bt ch th chn tng ng theo th t nh sau:
Cj1=(1100); Cj2=(1010); Cj3=(1100)

Xc nh trng thi cc bt S v cho bit bit S no c ly cho lung E1, bit no b lai b?

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V d 2

Gii: C11: 1 C21: 1 C31: 0 C41: 0

C12: 1 C22:0 C32:1 C42:0

C13: 1 C23: 1 C33: 0 C43: 0

S1: S (loi) S2: S (loi) S3: I (ly cho C) S4: I (ly cho D)

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Cu trc khung E2 (8Mbps)

on Loi tn hiu
FAW:1111010000

S lng bit 10 2 200 4 208 4 208 4 4 204

Th t ca bit 1 10 11 12 13 212 213 216 217 424 425 428 429 636 637 640 641 644 645 - 848
43

Bit nghip v Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Bit chn Data
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2 3 4

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Cu trc khung E3 (34Mbps)

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CC LUNG E3, E4, E5

Cc cu hi cn tr li cho mi lung:
Lung c ghp t cc lung no? My lung? Tc bt l bao nhiu? Tng ng bao nhiu knh thoi? Thi gian v s lng bt / 1 khung? im khc bit c bn ca lung bc cao hn so vi cc lung bc thp hn l g? S lng bt ch th chn cho mi lung bc thp ghp ln? Ti sao phi phn tn cc bt ch th chn? Ti sao mi khung phi chia thnh nhiu on? Mi lung bc thp c bao nhiu bit trong mi khung bc cao trong trng hp chn v khng chn?
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Cu trc khung E3 (34Mbps)

on Loi tn hiu
FAW:1111010000

S lng bit 10 2 372 4 380 4 380 4 4 376

Th t ca bit 1 10 11 12 13 384 385 388 389 768 769 772 773 1152 1153 1156 1157 1160 1161 - 1536
46

Bit nghip v Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Bit chn Data
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2 3 4

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Cu trc khung E4 (140Mbps)

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Cu trc khung E4 (140Mbps)

on Loi tn hiu FAW:111110100000 Bit nghip v Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Data Bit ch th chn Data S lng bit 12 4 472 4 484 4 484 4 484 4 484 4 4 Bi ging K thut ghp 480knh s Th t ca bit 1 12 13 16 17 488 489 492 493 976 977 980 981 1464 1465 1468 1469 1952 1953 1956 1957 - 2440 2441 2444 2445 2448 2449 - 2928 1

3 4 5

Bit ch th chn Bit chn 6 TS.V Trng Sn Data

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Cu trc khung E5 (565Mbps)

Khung E5 ch c trong phng th nghim, khng tn ti trong thc t.

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K thut xen /r (Insert/Drop)

Xen r mc cc knh Analog Bin i D/A tt c cc knh, sau bin i A/D tr li cc knh i thng.
Site A Channel Bank E1 Site B Drop/Insert D/A A/D E1 Site C Drop/Insert D/A A/D E1 Site D Drop/Insert D/A A/D E1 Site E Channel Bank

Drop/Insert analog channels

Drop/Insert analog channels

Drop/Insert analog channels

K thut ny c mt s nhc im sau : - Mo ti cc b D/A & A/D c tch ly. - Chi ph cao - Tng mc tp m
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K thut xen /r (Insert/Drop)

Ch bin i D/A cc knh xen r, cc knh i thng vn dng Digital.
A Channel Bank B Drop/Insert C Drop/Insert D Drop/Insert E Channel Bank

Drop/Insert channels

Drop/Insert channels

Drop/Insert channels

Drop

Insert

Pass through

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Ghp knh tng cp trong PDH

Trong PDH, khi ghp knh t E1 ln E4 cn c 21 b ghp knh: 16 x 2DME, 4 x 3DME, 1 x 4DME Cn nhiu on cp ni gia cc DME

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Xen r lung E1 t lung E4

140Mbps 4 DME 34 Mbps 3 DME 2 DME 2 DME
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34 Mbps

34 Mbps 4 DME

140Mbps

34 Mbps 3 DME 2 Mbps

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