1. a, 1/(0.5ms)=2 KHz b, 0.3/0.5=60% ) ) )) c, )) ) )=0.3755. The ratio is for even to odd for the first harmonics.

So the ratio of odd to even is 2.66. d, Since the pulse width is almost like 50% . The initial -20dB/dec slope occurs from 1/() which is approximately equal to 1KHz. Since our fundamental freq is 2KHz , so it starts from the fundamental freq. The 40 dB/dec occurs at the 1 /( r)=63.36 MHz. e, Since the rise time is increased by 1000 times, the 40dB/dec freq decreases by 1000 times implies at 63.36 KHz. A, For tr=5ns case

B, For tr=5us case.

2, A,B,

c,

Code for the spectrogram of the sine wave:sam_freq=1E10; % Sampling frequency= 10GHz t=0:(1/sam_freq):1E-4; wave_out=sin(2*pi*500E6*t); %Sine wave of 500MHz spectrogram(wave_out,512,500,[],1E10);%spectrogram for the sine wave

Code for the spectrogram of the Chirp Signal:sam_freq=1E10; t=0:(1/sam_freq):1E-4; % Sampling frequency= 10GHz

wave_out=chirp(t,1e9,1e-6,2e9); %Chirp wave of 500MHz spectrogram(wave_out,512,500,[],1E10);%spectrogram for the sine wave Code for the Spectrogram of the Trapezoidal signal:%%% The generation of a trapizoidal wave.. time=0:1e-10:5e-10; rise_wave=2e9*time; fall_wave=1-rise_wave; fall_wave(1)=[]; time=1e-10:1e-10:5e-10; [m,n]=size(time) for i=1:n pulse_high(i)=1; end time=1e-10:1e-10:3.5e-9; [m,n]=size(time) for i=1:n pulse_low(i)=0; end time=0:1e-10:5e-9; wave_out=[rise_wave pulse_high fall_wave pulse_low]; wave_init=wave_out(2:end); n=100; for i=2:100 wave_out=[wave_out wave_init]; end time=0:1e-10:5e-7 size(rise_wave) size(pulse_high) size(fall_wave) size(pulse_low) size(time) size(wave_out) plot(time,wave_out) %plotting the spectrogram of the trapizoidal function.. spectrogram(wave_out,512,500,[],1e10);

d, Code for the Spectrogram of the Trapezoidal signal considering ringing effect
%%% The generation of a trapizoidal wave WITH RINGING.. time=0:1e-10:5.4e-9; rise_wave=1e9*time/5.4; fall_wave=1-rise_wave; fall_wave(1)=[]; time=1e-10:1e-10:4.9e-9; [m,n]=size(time) for i=1:n pulse_high(i)=1+sin(2*pi*56e6*time(i))*exp(-10^(8)*time(i)); end time=1e-10:1e-10:484.3e-9; [m,n]=size(time) for i=1:n

pulse_low(i)=0-sin(2*pi*56e6*time(i))*exp(-10^(8)*time(i)); end plot(pulse_low) time=0:1e-10:5e-7; wave_out=[rise_wave pulse_high fall_wave pulse_low]; wave_init=wave_out(2:end); n=100; for i=2:100 wave_out=[wave_out wave_init]; end time=0:1e-10:5e-5; size(rise_wave) size(pulse_high) size(fall_wave) size(pulse_low) size(time) size(wave_out) %plot(time,wave_out) %plotting the spectrogram of the trapizoidal function.. spectrogram(wave_out,512,500,[],1e10);