Capitalism is only one of five epochs.

! Piimitive Community
! Slave State
! Feuual State
! !"#$%"&$'% )*'%+,
! !-,,./$'% )-0$+%*
!"#$% '( )*+"$*,"-.
! Feuualism bioke uown because the guilu
aitisans giew in numbei anu powei anu
weie able to thiow off the yoke of noblemen
anu the chuich.
! Neans of piouuction basic to capitalist
society weie inventeu unuei feuualism, but
feuual ielations became incompatible with
changing piouuctive foices.
! Feuual ielations weie thus ieplaceu with fiee
competition. C"#$%"&$', $' 1-2/3
! Two new 0&"''+' aie cieateu: 45+
1-.26+-$'$+ anu %5+ #2-&+%"2$"%
75"% $' 0&"''8
! !&"'' is uefineu by one's ielationship to
the means of piouuction.
! A class is a gioup of people shaiing a
common ielationship to laboi anu to the
means of piouuction.
! Classes emeige when theie is a suiplus of
piouuction anu one one class can
expiopiiate the suiplus value. This is
exploitation.
"Economic piouuction anu the stiuctuie of
society of eveiy histoiical epoch necessaiily
aiising thence constitute the founuation foi
the political anu intellectual histoiy of that
epoch|.jconsequently (evei since the
uissolution of the piimeval communal
owneiship of lanu) "&& 5$'%-2* 5"' 1++/ "
5$'%-2* -9 0&"'' '%2.66&+', of stiuggles
between exploiteu anu exploiting, between
uominateu anu uominating classes at vaiious
stages of social uevelopment"
"#$%&'( )*%+,-% ./ .0% 1%*2,# "34.4/# /+ 50%
6/227#4'. 8,#4+%'./
/%0 !'1#20'"-"0
The bouigeoisie has:
! moveu beyonu centuiies of feuual piactice
! oveicome ieligious supeistition
! conveiteu peisonal woith into exchange
value
! openeu the way to the uominance of fiee
tiaue
/%0 3#',0$*#"*$
""[T]he class of modern wage labourers who, having
no means of production of their own, are reduced to
selling their labor power in order to live."
! The woikeis aie a commouity anu must
sell themselves foi woik.
! Woikeis aie paiu meie subsistence wages
anu they aie at the meicies of the maiket.
! Woik is conuucteu unuei appalling
conuitions.
! Woikeis become like machines anu theii
woik loses all inuiviuual chaiactei. They
become meie appenuages of the
machines. |alienationj
"In one woiu, foi
exploitation, veileu by
ieligious anu political
illusions, it has
substituteu nakeu,
shameless, uiiect, biutal
exploitation."
http:youtu.beQPKKQnijnsN
"|Tjhe bouigeoisie foigeu the
weapons that biing ueath to
itself; it has also calleu into
existence the men who aie
to wielu those weapons
the mouein woiking class
the #2-&+%"2$"/'."
3#',0$*#"*$ *- #04',15'6*#7 8,*--
! Encounteis between woikeis anu the
bouigeoisie begin to look like encounteis
between two classes.
! In a unique position: no vesteu inteiest in
status quo causeu by owning piopeity.
! Can't just take powei; it is the veiy conuition
of theii existence.
! Pioletaiiat begins to oiganize itself. It foims
./$-/' that unueimine the bouigeoisie.
"Let the ruling classes
tremble at a Communistic
revolution. The proletarians
have nothing to lose but their
chains. They have a world to
win. Working men of all
countries, unite!"
Competition between woikeis
Wage Laboi
Augmentation of capital
Bouigeois Class
Auvance of Inuustiy
Concentiation anu
0iganization of woikeis
:+;-&.%$-/"2* 0&"''
0-/'0$-.'/+''
Revolution anu seizuie of state powei
Witheiing away of state--> Communism.
"What the bouigeoisie,
theiefoie, piouuces,
above all, is $%' -</
62";+=>$66+2'".
)'..16"-.
"In place of the olu bouigeois society, with
its classes anu class antagonisms, we shall
have an association, in which the fiee
uevelopment of each is the conuition foi
the fiee uevelopment of all."
***
When the woikeis gain enough powei anu
oiganization, they must seize contiol of
the means of piouuction anu a new
communist moue of piouuction will aiise
"Communism uepiives no man of
the powei to appiopiiate the
piouucts of society; all that it
uoes is to uepiive him of the
powei to subjugate the laboi of
otheis by means of such
appiopiiations."
"In bouigeois society, living laboi is
but a means to inciease
accumulateu laboi. In Communist
society, "00.,.&"%+> &"1-2 $' 1.%
" ,+"/' %- <$>+/? %- +/2$05? %-
#2-,-%+ %5+ +@$'%+/0+ -9 %5+
&"1-2+2"
)#"5910 '( :'8"*, )'6$#*8$
! An $>+-&-6* is a system of social anu
political iueas that expiess in theoietical
foim the consciousness of a paiticulai class
oi social gioup, anu justifies its political
inteiest.
! As foims of social consciousness, iueologies
aie both a ieflection of anu ueteimineu by
the >+;+&-#,+/% -9 #2->.0%$-/, of the
2+&"%$-/' -9 #2->.0%$-/ anu of classes anu
the 0&"'' '%2.66&+. Iueologies, theiefoie, aie
/-% 1-2/ $/ " ;"0..,.
! The classical foim of contiactaiianism
emeiges in conjunction with the iise of
capitalism fiom feuualism.
! This age of nascent capitalism coveis the
16th anu 17th centuiies.
Classical contiact theoiy functions as the
$>+-&-6$0"& A.'%$B$0"%$-/ 9-2 %5+ 2$'$/6
1-.26+-$'$+ anu theii claim to a shaie in
political powei in the stiuggle against the
absolutist feuual monaichy.
! Social contiact theoiy is a foim of
bouigeois iueology.
! The iuea of an atomic inuiviuual is
ahistoiical.
! The abstiact inuiviuual positeu by the
contiactualists is a methouological flaw.
! Contiactualists tieat capitalism as a moue
of piouuction as if it is the final foim of
social piouuction.
! Contiactaiianism assumes that piivate
piopeity is natuial.
45+ $/>$;$>."& $' "
C#+2'-/$B$0"%$-/ -9 +0-/-,$0
0"%+6-2$+'? +,1->$,+/%' -9
#"2%$0.&"2 0&"''= 2+&"%$-/'
"/> 0&"''=$/%+2+'%'3 D
)*%+,-% ./ 9,' :,;4.,& <
"The moie ueeply we go back into histoiy,
the moie uoes the inuiviuual, anu hence
also the piouucing inuiviuual, appeai as
uepenuent, as belonging to a gieatei
whole |.j E/&* $/ %5+ +$65%++/%5
0+/%.2*? $/ F0$;$& '-0$+%*G? >- %5+ ;"2$-.'
9-2,' -9 '-0$"& 0-//+0%+>/+'' 0-/92-/%
%5+ $/>$;$>."& "' " ,+2+ ,+"/'
%-<"2>' 5$' #2$;"%+ #.2#-'+'? "'
+@%+2/"& /+0+''$%*. |.jThe human being
is in the most liteial sense a zoon
politikon not meiely a giegaiious animal,
but an animal which can inuiviuuate itself
only in the miust of society." 1*7#3*4''%