1

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1. Chat lng cua san pham
2. Cai tien va nang cao chat lng san pham
3. am bao chat lng
4. Tam quan trong cua viec am bao chat lng
5. Quan ly chat lng
6. Quan ly chat lng toan dien
7. Chat lng cua mot thiet b c kh
8. Cac ch tieu xac nh chat lng cua may
9. o chnh xac gia cong cua mot chi tiet
10. Cac ch tieu xac nh o c/xac mot chi tiet gia cong
I. khaI nIam va d}nh ngha.
Chng 4: O CHNH XAC GIA CONG
2
La mc o giong nhau ve mat hnh hoc va tnh chat c
ly cua chi tiet c gia cong so vi yeu cau ky thuat cua
ngi thiet ke ghi tren ban ve
Cac hanh ong tien hanh trong toan bo to chc e nang
cao hieu lc va hieu qua cua cac hoat ong va qua trnh
nham cung cap li nhuan them cho to chc va ca khach
hang.
La moi hoat ong co ke hoach, co he thong va c
khang nh neu can e em lai long tin thoa ang rang
san pham thoa man cac yeu cau a nh oi vi chat
lng.
La tap hp cac tnh chat quyet nh cong dung cua no
va e so sanh no vi cac may khac.
Cai tien va nang cao chat lng san pham
am bao chat lng
Chat lng cua mot thiet b c kh
o chnh xac gia cong cua mot chi tiet
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3
La toan bo cac thuoc tnh cua mot thc the, tao cho thc
the o co kha nang thoa man cac nhu cau a c cong
bo hay con tiem an.
- Chat lng c o bang s thoa man.
- Luon luon bien ong theo thi gian, khong gian
va ieu kien s dung.
o chnh xac ve kch thc.
o chnh xac ve hnh dang hnh hoc.
o chnh xac ve v tr tng quan.
Tnh chat c ly cua be mat gia cong.
La phng phap quan ly cua mot to chc, nh hng
vao chat lng, da vao s tham gia cua tat ca cac thanh
vien nham em lai thanh cong lau dai thong qua s thoa
man cua khach hang, cua moi thanh vien trong cong ty
o va ca xa hoi.
Chat lng cua san pham
Quan ly chat lng
Cac ch tieu xac nh o c/xac mot chi tiet gia cong
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o on nh ve kha nang lam viec.
o ben cua may (kha nang duy tr c chat lng
ban au).
San pham do may lam ra.
Nang suat cua may.
An toan khi s dung.
Thao tac, bao quan de dang.
Mc o c kh va t ong hoa.
v.v
Tat ca ch tieu tren goi la o tin cay cua may.
o tin cay chu yeu do o chnh xac tao ra
o chnhxac cua may = o chnh xac gia cong +
o chnh xac lap rap.
La mot hoat ong co chc nang quan ly chung nham
e ra cac chnh sach, muc tieu, trach nhiem va thc
hien chung bang cac bien phap nh hoach nh chat
lng, kiem soat chat lng, am bao chat lng, cai
tien chat lng trong khuon kho cua he thong chat
lng.
* Quan ly chat lng toan dien
* Cac ch tieu xac nh chat lng cua may
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5
o rhnh xar gIa rong
o rhnh xa r 1 rhI IIa I o rhnh xa r Ioa I rhI IIa I
To ng saI so krh Ihuo r 8a ma I gIa ro ng
8aI so
krh
Ihuo r
8aI so
v} Ir
Iuong
quan
8aI so
ha
Iho ng
8aI so
nga u
nhIa n
8aI so
hnh
da ng
hnh
hor
da I
quan
o
so ng
o
nha m
ba
ma I
Tnh
rha I
ro Iy
Io p
ba
ma I
Cac nguyen nhan sinh ra sai so he thong khong oi:
Sai so ly thuyet cua phng phap cat.
Sai so che tao cua may, o ga, dung cu
o bien dang cua chi tiet gia cong.
Cac nguyen nhan sinh ra sai so he thong thay oi:
Dung cu cat b mon theo thi gian
Bien dang nhiet cua may, dao, o ga

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4
6ar nguyan nhan sInh ra saI so ngau nhIan.
Tnh chat vat lieu (o cng) khong eu.
Lng d gia cong khong eu.
V tr cua phoi trong o ga thay oi.
S thay oi cua ng suat d.
Do ga nhieu lan.
Do mai dao nhieu lan.
Do thay oi may nhieu lan.
Do bien dang nhiet cua che o cat.
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1. Phng phap ra ga cat th tng kch thc

u iem
Nhc iem

8
Bat do chinh xac cao
Loai tru anh huJng cua mon dao
Fhan hoi luJng du gia cong hJ ly
Khong can do ga huc ta
Bo chinh xac bi giJi han bJi chieu day lJ cat be nhat. (dao
hJ kim mJi O,OO5mm; dao mon O,O2O,O5mm). nguJi thJ
khong dieu chinh chieu sau cat be hJn thong so tren.
Cong nhan hai ta trung cao do nen gay met
hang suat gia cong tha
Boi hoi tay nghe nguJi thJ cao
0ung trong san xuat dJn chiec, che thu, sua chua.
II. 6ar phuong phap daI do rhnh xar gIa rong.
5
2. Phng phap t ong at kch thc theo may a
ieu chnh san

u iem

Nhc iem


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Bam bao do chinh xac gia cong, giam he ham.
vi theo huJng ha nay, luJng du gia cong hai
lJn hJn nhieu so vJi chieu day lJ cat be nhat
Chi cat 1 lan la dat kich thuJc yeu cau nang
suat cao
hieu qua kinh te cao
Chi hi che tao do ga cao
Cong dieu chinh may, dao lJn
Chat luJng dung cu kem, mau mon thi nhanh chong anh huJng
den kich thuJc dieu chinh
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1. Bien dang an hoi cua he thong cong nghe
Khi P
y
= Const
Khi cat do dao kem cng vng nen no dch chuyen
mot khoang , chuyen v nay phan thanh 3 chuyen
v x; y; z theo 3 toa o ng vi 3 thanh phan lc
va ban knh chi tiet tang
R
.
Chuyen v x va z t anh hng en kch thc gia
cong.
Chuyen v y anh hng nhieu nhat
R
= y.
z = Z
2
/ D

a. Bien dang cua dao cat
III. 6ar nguyan nhan gay saI so khI gIa rong.
6
Goi:
P
y
:

Lc

hng knh
y: Chuyen v
J : o cng vng
Ta co:
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at:

=
e = e = e
n
1 i
i
J
1

= =
= =
n
1 i i
n
1 i
i
J
1
J
1
y y
ct d m
J
1
J
1
J
1
J
1
+ + =
12
b. Bien dang cua may.
Gia s chi tiet cng tuyet oi, cac mui tam may dch chuyen
2 2
1
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
= A
L
x
J
P
L
x L
J
P
tr
y
S
y
r
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|

= A A = A
= A
+
= A
tr S S
y min 1 r max 1 r d
S
y
max 1 r
tr S
y
min 1 r
J J
1
J
1
P 2 2
J
P
J J
P
7
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b. Bien dang cua chi tiet.
Gia s may cng tuyet oi, khi o chi tiet b bien dang
( )
L
x L
KEJ
x P
2 2
y
2 r

= A
K = 3 ga console
K = 48 ga chong tam hai au
K = 102 ga cap mot au, mot au chong tam.
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Khi Py Const
V du: trng hp chieu sau cat thay oi.
K
1
Rph
Rct
=
+

=
A
A
K<1: la he so in dap
Khi t = t
max
P
max
y
max

Khi gia cong phai cat
nhieu lan e giam sai so
in dap
Khi co P
y
ban dao cung bien dang J
bd
nhng v no di
chuyen cung ban may nen no se b triet tieu khi ieu
chnh may

bd
y
3 r
J
P
= A
t . y =
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Nang cao o cng vng cua he thong cong nghe.
Thiet lap ket cau cng vng, thay oi kch thc cac phan
t.
Giam bt cac khau trong he thong cong nghe.
Nang cao chat lng che tao cac chi tiet trong he.
Nang cao chat lng lap rap.
Co che o s dung HTCN hp ly.
ieu chnh lai HTCN theo nh ky.
Tranh dung dao qua mon, tranh thay oi thong so hnh hoc
cua dao, dung che o cat hp ly.
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2. Anh hng cua o chnh xac va tnh trang mon cua
HTCN
a. Cua may
Sai so cua may
ng tam may khong song song vi song trt.
o ao lo cua truc chnh.
o ao mat au truc chnh.
May b mon
O truc chnh
Song trt .
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b. Cua dao
o chnh xac: dao nh hnh, dao tien ren co sai
so.
Dao b mon: kch thc gia cong thay oi. c. Cua o ga
o chnh xac che tao.
o ga b mon.
3. Bien dang nhiet cua he thong cong nghe.
a. Bien dang nhiet cua may.
b. Bien dang cua dao.
c. Bien dang cua chi tiet.
4. Sai so do rung ong.
5.Sai so do chon chuan va ga at
6. Sai so do phng phap o va dung cu o.
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1. S phan bo cua kch thc gia cong .
Trong nhieu th nghiem ngi ta thay rang s phan
tan kch thc chi tiet gia cong phan bo theo quy luat
GAUSE va co phng trnh:
| |
2
2
2
2
1
o
t o
L L
i
e y

=
Chu y tren o th:
- Khi khong co sai so he thong thay oi.
- Khi sai so he thong thay oi ton tai khong tuyen tnh
vi thi gian.
- Xuat hien tren mot may khi gia cong.
IV. 6ar phuong phap xar d}nh do rhnh xar gIa rong.
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2. Cac phng phap xac nh o chnh xac gia cong.
a. Phng phap thong ke kinh nghiem.
b. Phng phap tnh toan phan tch.
c. Phng phap thong ke xac suat.
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. Phng phap thong ke xac suat
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La qua trnh ga at chi tiet, dao, o ga va cac trang b
khac len may nham giam bt sai so gia cong en
mc at yeu cau ky thuat.
Trong san xuat n chiec ieu chnh may bang
phng phap cat th.
Sau ay ta ch khao sat ieu chnh may trong san
xuat hang loat.

V. Iau rhnh may.
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1. ieu chnh tnh: ieu chnh khi may ng yen
Noi dung cua phng phap.


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Khi chi tiet oi xng ) ( 2 2
2
L L
L
L L
3 2 1 bx
3 2 1 bx
min max ct
c
bx
ct
c
tt
c
A + A + A = A
A + A + A = A

=
A =
Kch thc ieu chnh
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2. ieu chnh theo chi tiet cat th bang calip lam viec.
Noi dung cua phng phap.


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3. ieu chnh theo chi tiet cat th bang dung cu o van
nang
Noi dung cua phng phap.

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m
I
o
o =
m
o 3