971, St.

Xaviers Catholic College of Engineering

(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject : M !", # S$%& '( )*A&SM$SS$'& S+S) MS

,art-A -uestions . Ans/er

U&$)-0
Clutches
1. What is the function of clutch The clutch is a !echanical !achine ele!ent "hich is use# to connect o$ #isconnect the sou$ce of %o"e$ at the o%e$ato$&s "ill.
To connect o$ #isconnect the #$i'in( shaft at "ill.

To sta$t o$ sto% a !achine "ithout sta$tin( o$ sto%%in( the %$i!e !o'e$ )en(ine*. To $e#uce the shoc+ t$ans!itte# ,et"een !achine shafts. To !aintain constant to$-ue.

.. What a$e the uses of clutch in %o"e$ t$ans!ission s/ste!s To connect an# #isconnect the shaft at "ill. To !aintain constant s%ee#0 to$-ue an# %o"e$. To $e#uce shoc+s t$ans!itte# ,et"een the !achine shafts. To sta$t o$ sto% a !achine "ithout sta$tin( an# sto%%in( the %$i!e !o'e$.

1. Classif/ clutches ,ase# on the cou%lin( !etho#s. a. Positi'e contact clutches ,. F$ictional clutches

. Desi(n of T$ans!ission 2/ste!s c. O'e$$unnin( clutches #. Ma(netic clutches e. Flui# clutches

3. List the a#'anta(es an# a%%lications of !ulti %late clutch. A#'anta(es4 La$(e a!ount of to$-ue can ,e t$ans!itte#. The nu!,e$ of f$ictional linin(s an# the !etal %lates a$e inc$ease#. A%%lication4 Moto$ ca$s0 !achine tools etc.

5. What is the #iffe$ence ,et"een a clutch an# cou%lin( Cou1lin2s Clutches as te!%o$a$/

Cou%lin(s a$e use# as %e$!anent Clutches a$e use# connectin( ele!ents ,et"een t"o %o"e$ connectin( ele!ents. t$ans!ittin( ele!ents.

Pe$io#ical en(a(e!ent an# #isen(a(e!ent Pe$io#ical en(a(e!ent an# is not %ossi,le in cou%lin(s. #isen(a(e!ent is %ossi,le in clutches.

6. Na!e fou$ !ate$ials use# fo$ linin( of f$iction su$faces in clutches. W$ite the #esi$a,le %$o%e$ties of linin( !ate$ials. Clutch linin( !ate$ials4 i* Woo# ii* Leathe$ iii* As,estos ,ase# f$iction !ate$ials i'* Po"e$e# !etal f$iction !ate$ials Desi$a,le %$o%e$ties of linin( !ate$ials It shoul# ha'e hi(h an# unifo$! coefficient of f$iction.
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It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat $esistant. It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat con#ucti'it/.
It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esilience.

It shoul# ha'e hi(h !echanical an# the$!al st$en(ths. It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esistance to "ea$0 sco$in( an# (allin(. It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esistance a(ainst en'i$on!ental con#itions.

7. What a$e the #esi$a,le %$o%e$ties of f$iction !ate$ial to ,e use# fo$ clutches

A (oo# f$iction !ate$ial shoul# ha'e the follo"in( %$o%e$ties4 It shoul# ha'e hi(h an# unifo$! coefficient of f$iction. It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat $esistant. It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat con#ucti'it/.
It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esilience.

It shoul# ha'e hi(h !echanical an# the$!al st$en(ths. It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esistance to "ea$0 sco$in( an# (allin(. It shoul# ha'e hi(h $esistance a(ainst en'i$on!ental con#itions.

<. Ho" the unifo$! $ate of "ea$ assu!%tion is 'ali# fo$ clutches In clutches the 'alue of no$!al %$essu$e0 a=ial loa# fo$ the (i'en clutch is li!ite# ,/ the $ate of "ea$ that can ,e tole$ate# in the ,$a+e linin(s. Mo$eo'e$ the assu!%tion of unifo$! "ea$ a$te (i'es a lo"e$ calculate# clutch ca%acit/ than the assu!%tion of unifo$! %$essu$e. Hence clutches a$e usuall/ #esi(ne# on the ,asis of unifo$! "ea$.

9. Wh/ shoul# the te!%e$atu$e $ise ,e +e%t "ithin the %e$!issi,le $an(e in clutch >ecause the te!%e$atu$e $ise ,e/on# the %e$!issi,le $an(e in ,$a+es "ill cause4 i* E=cessi'e "ea$ ii* Disto$tion of the ,$a+e linin( iii* 2u$face c$ac+ #ue to the$!al st$esses.

2t. 7a'ie$&s Catholic Colle(e of En(inee$in(0 Chun+an+a#ai 8 6.9::10 ;an/a+u!a$i Dist$ict

3 Desi(n of T$ans!ission 2/ste!s 1:. 2+etch a cone clutch.

5ra4es
11. What is fa#in( of ,$a+es When the ,$a+e is a%%lie# continuousl/ o'e$ a %e$io# of ti!e0 the ,$a+e ,eco!es o'e$heate# an# the coefficient of f$iction #$o%s. This $esults in su##en fall of efficienc/ of the ,$a+e. This %heno!enon is +no"n as Fa#e o$ Fading. (The co8efficient of f$iction ($a#uall/ $ises0 $eaches a %ea+ 'alue an# falls $a%i#l/ as ,$a+e #$u! te!%e$atu$e is inc$ease#. This $a%i# fall is +no"n as fa#e.*

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1.. What is !eant ,/ self loc+in( ? self8ene$(i@in( ,$a+e ,$a+es

Ta+in( !o!ent a,out O0 &b6 ,a7(e8 When the f$ictional fo$ceAFBCND is sufficient enou(h to a%%l/ the ,$a+e "ith no e=te$nal fo$ces0 then the ,$a+e is sai# to ,e self loc+in(. 2ince no e=te$nal fo$ces0 PB: loc+in(. When the !o!ent of a%%lie# fo$ce )P.a) an# the !o!ent of the f$ictional fo$ce )C.N.e&) a$e in the sa!e #i$ection0 then f$ictional fo$ce hel%s in a%%l/in( the ,$a+e. This t/%e of ,$a+e is +no"n as a self8 ene$(i@in( ,$a+e. 0 ) ie0* N, B Fe& )o$* b9 :3e8 , This is the con#ition fo$ self

11. Wh/ in auto!o,iles ,$a+in( action "hen t$a'ellin( in $e'e$se is not as effecti'e as "hen !o'in( fo$"a$# When an auto!o,ile !o'es fo$"a$#0 the ,$a+in( fo$ce acts in the o%%osite #i$ection to the #i$ection of !otion of the 'ehicle0 "he$eas in $e'e$se t$a'ellin( the ,$a+in( fo$ce acts in the sa!e #i$ection to the #i$ection of !otion of the 'ehicle. 2o it $e-ui$es !o$e ,$a+in( fo$ce to a%%l/ ,$a+e.

13. Gi'e the $eason fo$ left an# $i(ht shoes of inte$nal e=%ansion ,$a+es ha'in( #iffe$ent actuatin( fo$ces. De%en#in( u%on the #i$ection of the #$u! $otation0 one shoe "oul# ,e lea#in( shoe an# anothe$ shoe is t$ailin( shoe. The lea#in( shoe is self ene$(i@in( "he$eas the t$ailin( shoe is not. In the lea#in( shoe the f$iction fo$ce hel%s the a%%lie# fo$ce an# hence !o$e actuatin( fo$ce than the t$ailin( fo$ce.

2t. 7a'ie$&s Catholic Colle(e of En(inee$in(0 Chun+an+a#ai 8 6.9::10 ;an/a+u!a$i Dist$ict

6 Desi(n of T$ans!ission 2/ste!s 15. Ho" #oes the function of a ,$a+e #iffe$ f$o! that of a clutch The functional #iffe$ence ,et"een a clutch an# a ,$a+e is that a clutch connects t"o !o'in( !e!,e$s of a !achine0 "he$eas a ,$a+e connects a !o'in( !e!,e$ to a stationa$/ !e!,e$.

16. List the cha$acte$istics of !ate$ial use# fo$ ,$a+e linin(. It shoul# ha'e hi(h coefficient of f$iction. It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat $esistant. It shoul# ha'e hi(h heat #issi%ation ca%acit/. It shoul# ha'e hi(h !echanical st$en(th. It shoul# ha'e lo" coefficient of the$!al e=%ansion.

Ca;
1E. What is the function of a ca! A ca! is a $otatin( !echanical !e!,e$ use# fo$ t$ans!ittin( #esi$e# !otion to a follo"e$ ,/ #i$ect contact.

1<. What is un#e$cuttin( in ca!s The ca! %$ofile !ust ,e continuous cu$'e "ithout an/ loo%. If the cu$'atu$e of the %itch cu$'e is too sha$%0 then the %a$t of the ca! sha%e "oul# ,e lost an# the$eafte$ the inten#e# ca! !otion "oul# not ,e achie'e#. 2uch a ca! is sai# to ,e un#e$cut.

19. What a$e the #iffe$ent t/%es of follo"e$s Acco$#in( to follo"e$ sha%e o$ the su$face in contact4 a* ;nife e#(e# follo"e$ ,* Rolle$ follo"e$ c* Mush$oo! o$ flat face# follo"e$ #* 2%he$ical face# o$ cu$'e# shoe follo"e$
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Acco$#in( to the !otion of the follo"e$4 a* Reci%$ocatin( o$ t$anslatin( follo"e$ ,* Oscillatin( o$ $otatin( follo"e$ Acco$#in( to the %ath of !otion of the follo"e$4 a* Ra#ial follo"e$ ,* Off8set follo"e$

.:. What is the si(nificance of %$essu$e an(le in ca! #esi(n The %$essu$e an(le is 'e$/ i!%o$tant in ca! #esi(n as it $e%$esents stee%ness of the ca! %$ofile. If the %$essu$e an(le is too la$(e a $eci%$ocatin( follo"e$ "ill Fa! in its ,ea$in(.

.1. What is Fe$+ Na!e the %$ofile of the ca! that (i'es no Fe$+ The $ate of chan(e of accele$ation )su##en chan(e in accele$ation* is calle# Fe$+. The c/cloi#al ca! %$ofile "ith $olle$ follo"e$ (i'es no Fe$+. Ge$+B #HI#t B #1JI#t10 "he$e H8 an(ula$ accele$ation0 J8 an(ula$ #is%lace!ent.

... Define ,ase ci$cle an# %itch ci$cle "ith $es%ect to ca!. 5ase circle4 It is the s!allest ci$cle that can ,e #$a"n to the ca! %$ofile. The $a#ius of the ,ase ci$cle is calle# least $a#ius of the ca!. ,itch circle4 It is the ci$cle %assin( th$ou(h the %itch %oint an# concent$ic "ith the ,ase ci$cle.

2t. 7a'ie$&s Catholic Colle(e of En(inee$in(0 Chun+an+a#ai 8 6.9::10 ;an/a+u!a$i Dist$ict