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MODULE 1 Jessica Bryan 003923958 October 8, 2013 California State University, San Bernardino

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After watching the informative video about the Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer program, I learned that Nepal is 1 of 8 countries that the U.S Global Health Initiative is focusing on to conduct the progression of Global Health activities. One of the activities being conducted to educate the basics of maternal and child services. Nepal has a populated of 29 million people, within that population are inhabitants of mountain regions with little to no access to proper health care or treatment. The only accesses to help are Sub-Health Posts, that are only reached by walking and/or carrying the ill. This journey to sub-health posts can take hours or days to reach. The UNFPA gathered 50,000 Nepal women and provided 18 days of health training to those women, in order to send these volunteers right into the villages in need of health improvements. Meetings were held once a month by the women volunteers to demonstrate basic health procedures, such as, washing hands and precautions to take when there is heavy bleeding during childbirth. This initiative also dispensed over 3.5 million Vitamin A supplements to children for preventing blindness and the overall health of the child. From 1996-2006, the maternal/child mortality rates reduced 48%. The 2015 Millennium Mortality Goal is to reduce women mortality by and child mortality by 2/3. The strategic plan of California was to give an opportunity to business practices to re-examine their priorities while including the input of other stakeholders and staff. These businesses are put under a strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to address the new direction the business must take in order to improve their overall moral as a new department. The strategic plan of Calfornia consists of 5 goals: 1) Increase quality and years of Healthy life, reduce disparities, and

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promote Health Equity, 2) Prepare for, respond to, and recover from emerging Public Health threats and emergencies, 3) Improve quality and availability of data to inform the Public health decision-making, 4) Promote quality of the work force and workplace environment, and 5) Improve effectiveness of Business function. The goal for 2020 is to improve U.S strength in Global Health and national security through global disease detection and prevention. I learned that it is a crucial role to increase in areas such as global security against diseases that can be spread from international traveling and commerce. In order for this, there is a need to increase and promote a global surveillance system for infectious diseases. Not only does Global Health tackle the complications of infectious diseases, but as well as non-communicable diseases: diabetes, obesity, mental illnesses, substance abuse/disorders, and injuries. Because of Global Health education, infectious diseases have decreased. Noncommunicable diseases have become more important to Global Health because it allows researchers to study the variety of diseases, eventually to correlate them to specific environmental and health risks that can lead to these diseases. Without noncommunicable diseases, Global Health would not be what it is today. With the diminished need to focus on infectious diseases, Global Health would either stabilize and not advance forward or deplete its influence wo rldwide. There would be less collaboration with other countries to promote and protect the health of communities worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the best example for global health, providing statistics, data, and health documents that has contributed in Global health awarenesss.

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I selected the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), this agency works within the national political, economic, and social structures that directly affect the lives of refugees, children, men, women, people with disabilities, and stateless people. It brings policies and laws to protect of those concerned to UNHCR. A refugee is described as someone who has fear of being prosecuted for race, religion, nationality, associations with social groups or political opinions, which flees their country and nationality because they are not protected within their government. The UNHCR provides that protection for the refugee. The 8 Millennium goals consist of: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, 2. Achieve universal primary education, 3. Promote gender equality and empower women, 4. Reduce child mortality, 5. Improve maternal health, 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, 8. Global partnership for development. I choose goal 5: Improving Maternal Health, which focuses on reducing maternal mortality rate by and achieving Universal access to reproductive health. Maternal mortality rates have dropped 47% since 1990 and an estimated 287,000 maternal deaths occurred in 2010 worldwide. I was surprised to learn that more than 50 million babies are born worldwide without any skilled care. This comes very alarming to me because without a proper education on how to care for a mother going into labor and how to deliver a baby not only puts the infants life at risk, but the mothers as well. I learned that the scenic island of Molokai is inhabited by a leper colony on Kalawupapa Hawaii. The population is occupied of infected individuals suffering from leprosy. People suffering from leprosy were forced to live on Kalawupapa under horrible living conditions. The hills are covered with graveyards of those that died of the disease

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and children were forbidden to live her to prevent contagion. This relates to Chapter 2 in the description of early Global Health history. Dating back to 1100-1400 AD, quarantine was a mandatory method used to isolate the people infected with a disease. Individuals suffering from Leprosy were forced to live isolated from society in order to spread the disease and to also kill off all they were living with it. Studies have shown a direct correlation with armadillos and leprosy. A third of the cases reported in the U.S were confirmed to be linked with direct contact with armadillos. The microbe that was found to cause leprosy is called, Mycobacterium leprae. It is a very weak microbe that can only sustain life a week or two in moist soil, but it still warns all those that have contact with armadillos and does discourage the act. This relates to Chapter 2 because it discussed how back in 1876, a physician by the name of Robert Koch, demonstrated the direct relationship between microorganisms and a disease. This breakthrough in bacteriology allowed research to advance and one day confirm which microorganisms cause disease to humans. I have learned that gonorrhea has emerged into a drug-resistant disease that as made a significant effect on treating it properly. The resistance makes it harder to treat it and if not treated in a timely matter, it can cause problems with women trying to become pregnant. Movember encourages men to grow a moustache for the 30 days of November to help bring awareness to prostate and testicular cancer. This organization also encourages women to join this movement by wearing fake moustaches. The money that is raised is contributed to world-class mens health programs to combat

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against prostate and testicular cancer, also to bring awareness to other mens health issues.

MODULE 1 References Antibiotic Resistant Gonorrhea - STD information from CDC. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/arg/default.htm

Focus Areas. (n.d.). California Department of Public Health. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/indicators/goals/Pages/FocusAreas.aspx

Global Health - Healthy People. (n.d.). Healthy People 2020 - Improving the Health of Americans. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=16

Gonorrhea - STD information from CDC. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/

HARRIS, G. (n.d.). Armadillos Transmit Leprosy to Humans, Study Confirms NYTimes.com. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/health/28leprosy.html?_r=1&

Movember United States - About Movember. (n.d.). Movember United States Home. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://us.movember.com/about/vision-goals

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Nations., t. U. (n.d.). United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Welcome to the United Nations: It's Your World. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/maternal.shtml

Nations., t. U. (n.d.). United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Welcome to the United Nations: It's Your World. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

Scenic Island of Molokai and its Leper Colony, Hawaii - YouTube. (n.d.). YouTube. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HoZnkNcuII

U.S. Global Health Initiative -- Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer Program - YouTube. (n.d.). YouTube. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXiddYRY38

UNHCR - Refugees. (n.d.). UNHCR Welcome. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c125.html