CHAPTER 3

FORM OF CONTRACTS
Art. 1356.____________________ shall be ____________________, in ____________ form they may have been entered into,
______________ all the ______________ ___________ for their validity are ______________. However, when the
________________requires that a ________________ be in some form in order that it may be ______________ or
________________, or that a______________ be proved in a certain way, that requirement is________________ and
______________. In such cases, the right of the_____________ stated in the following article cannot be _____________. (1278a)
Art. 1357. If the law requires a______________ or other ____________ ______________, as in the _____________ and
______________ enumerated in the following article, the ____________parties may ______________ each other to observe that form,
once the_______________ has been __________________. This right may be exercised _______________ with the action upon the
_______________. (1279a)
Art. 1358. The_______________ must appear in a ______________ ________________:
(1) _________________ and_______________ which have for their ______________ the _______________ ____________,
________________ or ________________of ___________ __________ over_____________ ________, and __________________;
(2) The ________________,_________________ or ________________of ______________ ______________ or of those of the
_________________ __________________of ___________________;
(3) The _____________ to ____________ _______________, or any other power which has for its______________ an
_____________ _______________ or which should ____________ in a _______________ ______________, or should
______________ a_________________ ___________________;
(4) The ___________________ of _____________or___________ proceeding from an act appearing in a _______________
_________________.
All other ______________ where the amount involved _______________ ______________ ________________ ___________must
appear in____________, even a ______________ _____________. But ___________ of ______________,_____________ or
_____________ in _____________ are governed by Articles, 1403, No. 2 and 1405. (1280a)
CHAPTER 4
________________ OF ____________________
Art. 1359. When, there having been a _______________of the _____________ of the parties to a contract, their ______________
_____________ is not ______________ in the ________________ purporting to_______________ the ______________, by reason of
_______________, _____________, ____________ _____________ or ______________, one of the parties may ask for the
________________ of the ________________ to the end that such _________ __________ may be _______________.
If _____________,______________, ____________ _____________, or ________________has____________ a ______________ of
the minds of the parties, the proper_____________ is ______________ _____________ of the instrument but ______________ of the
________________.
Art. 1360. The ____________________ of the _____________ ______________ on the _______________ of______________ are
hereby _____________ insofar as they are not in ____________with the provisions of this Code.
Art. 1361. When a ____________ _______________ of the parties_______________ the_______________ of the instrument to
_________________ their ______________ ______________, said instrument may be ___________________.
Art. 1362. If _____________ _____________ was __________________ and the other acted______________ or ________________
in such a way that the instrument does not show their true intention, the former may ask for the_____________ of the instrument.
Art. 1363. When one party was ______________ and the______________ ______________or _______________that the instrument
did not state their real agreement, but ______________ that________________ from the former, the______________ may be
______________.
Art. 1364. When through the ___________, __________________, _______________ or ________________ on the part of the person
_______________the_________________ or of the ______________ or _____________, the _______________ does not express the
true intention of the parties, the________________ may order that the instrument be _________________.
Art. 1365. If _______ ____________ agree upon the _________________ or _______________ of____________ or _____________
_____________ of the _____________is ____________________.
Art. 1366. There shall be ______________ ______________ in the following cases:
(1) __________________ _________________ ________ __________ wherein ______________ __________ is ________________;

(2______________________;
(3) When the _____________ _______________ ____________ ________________.
Art. 1367. When____________ of the parties has brought an action to _______________ the______________, he cannot
_________________ ask for its_______________.
Art. 1368. ________________ may be ordered at the instance of either party or his______________ in _____________t, if the mistake
was _________________; otherwise, upon_________________of the ____________ _____________, or his______________ and
___________________.
Art. 1369. The______________ for the ________________of ____________ shall be______________ by rules of court to be
_______________by the _____________ ________________.
CHAPTER 5
_______________________ OF ____________________
Art. 1370. If the ______________ of a contract are ___________ and ____________ ___________ ____________ upon the intention
of the _____________ ____________, the ____________ ___________of its _____________ shall ________________.
If the ____________ appear to be_______________ to the _____________ _____________ of the_______________,
the____________ shall ______________ over the_____________ . (1281)
Art. 1371. In order to____________ the intention of the ____________ ______________, their ________________and
_______________ acts shall be ______________ __________________. (1282)
Art. 1372. However general the______________ of a ________________may be, they shall not be________________ to comprehend
things that are ____________ and_______________ that are different from those upon which the_______________ intended
_____________Art. 1373. If some ______________ of any ______________should ____________ of ___________ ___________, it
shall be _____________ as _____________ that import which is most a______________to render it ______________. (1284)
Art. 1374. The ___________ _____________ of a______________shall be _______________ _____________, ___________ to the
_________________ ______________that sense which may result from all of them taken _______________. (1285)
Art. 1375. ________________ which may have ____________ ________________ shall be _____________ in that which is
____________in keeping with the _____________ and _____________of the ______________. (1286)
Art. 1376. The _______________ or ____________ of the place shall be______________ in______________ in the interpretation of
the ____________ of a _____________, and shall _____________ the ____________ of _______________ which are
_____________ ______________. (1287)
Art. 1377. The____________ of _______________ _____________ or _______________in a____________ shall not ____________
the party who _____________ the ____________. (1288)
Art. 1378. When it is _____________ ______________ to ____________ _____________by the rules established in the preceding
articles, and the doubts refer to _______________ ______________ of a ____________ _____________, the ______________
_____________ of rights and interests shall ____________. If the contract is ______________, the doubt shall be ______________ in
favor of the _____________ ________________ of interests.
If the______________are cast upon the ____________ ____________of the _________________ in such a way that it
_____________be known what may have been the ______________ or _______________of the parties, the contract shall
be___________ and ___________. (1289)
Art. 1379. The _____________ of ____________ stated in Rule 123 of the Rules of Court shall likewise be observed in the
_____________ of _______________. (n)
CHAPTER 6
____________________ ________________
Art. 1380. ________________ validly______________upon may be ____________ in the cases______________ by law. (1290)
Art. 1381. The following ________________ are ______________:
(1) Those_____________ are _____________into by ______________ whenever the____________ whom they represent suffer
______________by______________ than _____________of the _____________ of the things which are the object thereof;
(2) Those _____________ upon in____________ of ______________, if the latter suffer the________________ stated in the
preceding number;

(3) Those ________________ in_____________ of _______________ when the latter cannot in any other manner _______________
the claims due them;
(4) Those which refer to things under_________________ if they have been entered into by the _____________ without the
_______________ and _____________ of the _____________ or of______________ judicial authority;
(5) All other______________ specially declared by law to be subject to ______________. (1291a)
Art. 1382. _____________ made in a state of _____________for obligations to whose _______________ the debtor could not be
_______________at the time they were____________, are also ______________. (1292)
Art. 1383. The action for _____________ is ________________; it cannot be _____________except when the party suffering
________________has no other _______________ means to obtain______________ for the same. (1294)
Art. 1384. ______________shall be only to the extent ______________to cover the damages ________________. (n)
Art. 1385. ______________ creates the obligation to return the things which were the object of the contract, together with
their_____________, and the __________ with its ____________; consequently, it can be carried out only when he who
____________ ______________can return whatever he may be ____________ to _____________.
Neither shall _______________ take place when the things which are the object of the contract are ___________in the
____________of third persons who did not act in ______________ ________________.
In this case, ______________ for ________________may be ______________ from the person causing the ___________. (1295)
Art. 1386_______________ referred to in Nos. 1 and 2 of Article 1381 shall_______________ take place with respect
to______________ approved by the ________________. (1296a)
Art. 1387. All_________________ by virtue of which the _________________ ________________ property by _______________
_______________ are ________________ to have been entered into in________________ of _________________, when
the_________________ did not reserve ________________ _________________ to pay all _______________ _____________
before the ____________________.
_______________ by _____________ _______________ are also _____________ _____________ when made by persons against
whom some _______________ has been ______________. The _________________ or________________ need not_____________
to the _______________ _______________, and need not have been obtained by the party _______________the _______________.
In addition to these _______________, the design to __________________creditors may be proved in any other manner recognized
by the______________ of ________________. (1297a)
Art. 1388. Whoever acquires in _____________ ____________ the things_______________ in ________________of
______________, shall _____________ the latter for ____________ _______________ by them on account of the _______________,
whenever, due to any cause, it should be __________________for him to ________________ them.
If there are _____________ or______________ _______________, the _____________ ______________ shall be ____________
________________, and so on ____________________. (1298a)
Art. 1389. The action to ______________ _______________ must be _________________within _____________ ______________.
For persons under______________ and for ______________, the period of _______________ ____________ shall __________
____________ until the ______________of the ______________ ______________, or until the ____________of the______________
is_____________. (1299)
CHAPTER 7
__________________ _________________
Art. 1390. The following ________________ _______________ or ______________, even though there may have been ___________
________________ to the ________________ _________________:
(1) Those where____________ of the parties is ________________of _____________ ______________ to a___________________;
(2) Those where the______________ is___________ by _____________,____________, ______________, _______________
________________ or ______________________.
These_______________ are_____________, unless they are ___________________ by a ___________ _______________ in
__________________. They are _______________of _______________. (n)
Art. 1391. The _______________ for ________________ shall be brought ___________ _______________.

This_________________ shall___________________:
In cases of _______________, ________________or ________________ _____________, from the_____________ the
________________of the ____________________ _________________.
In case of ________________ or __________________, from the time of the ______________ of the _______________.
And when the _______________ ________________ to ________________entered into by ________________or
other__________________ _________________, from the time the __________________ ________________. (1301a)
Art. 1392. _____________________ _______________the action to _________________ a ___________________contract. (1309a)
Art. 1393_________________ may be ___________________ ________________or _______________. It is understood that there is
a _____________ ________________ if, with knowledge of the reason which renders the contract________________and such reason
having______________, the person who has a right to_______________ it should execute an act which ________________
_______________an intention to ________________ his __________________. (1311a)
Art. 1394. ___________________ may be_____________ by the_______________of the ________________ ______________. (n)
Art. 1395. __________________ does not ________________ the ___________________ of the _______________
_______________ who has _______________ _______________ to bring the action for ________________. (1312)
Art. 1396. _________________ __________________ the contract from all its ______________from the moment it was
_________________. (1313)
Art. 1397. The action for the _______________of contracts may ________________ by all who are thereby _______________
_______________ or __________________. However, persons who are ___________________cannot ______________ the
______________ of those with whom they _________________; nor can those who exerted _________________,
__________________, _______________ ______________, or ________________ ______________, or _______________
__________________ base their action upon these ________________of the __________________. (1302a)
Art. 1398. An obligation having been ________________, the contracting parties _______________ to each other the things which
have been the _______________ ______________ of the contract, with their__________________, and the________________ with
its________________, except in cases provided by law.
In obligations to ___________________ _________________, the__________________ thereof shall be the basis for
_______________. (1303a)
Art. 1399. When the _________________of the________________ consists in the________________ of________________ of the
parties, the _______________ ______________ is _______________ ________________ to make any________________ except
insofar as he has been _________________by the__________________ or ___________________received by him. (1304)
Art. 1400. Whenever the ______________ _________________ by the _______________-of __________________to return the thing
____________ do so because it has been_____________ through his________________, he shall return the________________received and the_____________ of the thing at the time of the l________________, with _________________ from the same date.
(1307a)
Art. 1401. The action for _______________of contracts shall be __________________when the________________ which is the
________________ thereof is_____________ through the ______________ or_______________- of the person who has a right to
__________________ the____________________.
If the _________________ of action is based upon the_________________ of any one of the ________________ ____________, the
_______________ of the thing shall not be an _________________ to the _________________of the ________________, unless
said_________________ took place through the______________ or________________ of the _________________. (1314a)
Art. 1402. As long as________________ of the contracting parties does ___________ ________________ what in_______________
of the ________________of ______________he is__________________ to return, the other cannot be ________________ to comply
with what is _________________ upon him. (1308)
CHAPTER 8
_________________ ____________________
Art. 1403. The following _________________-are________________, unless they are________________:
(1) Those entered into in the _________________ of _________________ ________________ by one who has been given
____________ _________________ or _________________ _______________, or who has ________________ ______________his
__________________;
(2) Those that do _______________comply with the _______________ _____________ ____________ as set forth in this number. In

the following cases an _____________ hereafter made shall be ______________ by _______________, unless the______________,
or some ________________or ________________, thereof, be in ________________, and ______________by the party charged, or
by his _____________;____________, therefore, of the agreement cannot be received without the ________________, or a
______________ ______________of its contents:
(a) An________________ that by its terms is not to be________________ within a _________________ from the making thereof;
(b) A _______________ ______________ to answer for the _______________, ________________, or _______________ of another;
(c) An ________________made in_________________ of ________________, other than a _______________ ___________ to
_______________;
(d) An _______________ for the_____________ of ______________, _______________ or ____________in _______________, at a
______________ not______________ than ____________ _______________ ________________, unless the ____________
_______________and____________ part of such______________ and ____________, or the _______________, or some of them, of
such ______________in ____________ or _____________at the time some part of the _____________ _____________; but when a
sale is made by _____________and entry is made by the _____________ in his ____________ _____________, at the time of the
sale, of the _____________and kind of property______________,___________ of ___________, ____________,___________ of the
______________and ______________ on whose _______________the sale is made, it is a ________________ _______________;
(e) An a_________________of the_______________ for a _____________ _____________ than _________ ___________, or for the
sale of ______________ _______________ or of an ________________t therein;
(f) A________________ as to the________________ of a ________________ _____________.
(3) Those where ____________ ______________ are ______________of giving _____________ to a __________________.
Art. 1404. ____________ _____________ are governed by Article 1317 and the ____________ _______________ Title X of this Book.
Art. 1405. _____________ _______________ the _______________ ___________ ____________, referred to in No. 2 of Article 1403,
are ______________ by the _________________ to object to the________________of _______________ ______________ to prove
the same, or by the ______________of ________________under them.
Art. 1406. When a________________ is ________________ under the ____________ ____________ __________, and a
__________ _________________is necessary for its _____________in the ____________ ___________ ____________, the parties
may avail themselves of the right under Article 1357.
Art. 1407. In a contract where both parties are_____________ of _____________ ____________,____________ or ___________
_____________ by the _____________, or ________________, as the case may be, of one of the contracting parties shall give the
contract the same_________________ as if only _______________ of them were _________________.
If __________________is made by the _______________ or _______________, as the case may be, of ____________
______________ _____________, the contract shall be_____________ from the _________________.
Art. 1408. ________________ contracts cannot be _______________by ______________ _________________.