KinenalogvapI and lIe AnaIlic Texl A Beading oJ Fevsona

AulIov|s) F. Adans Silne

Souvce OcloIev, VoI. 38 |Aulunn, 1986), pp. 112-130
FuIIisIed I The MIT Press
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KinenalogvapI
and lIe
AnaIlic
Texl A
Beading
oJ Fevsona
F. ABAMS SITNEY
Bespile
lIe
appavenl
eJJovl oJ lIe JiInnaIev lo
canouJIage
Jvon lIe
vievev,
and
pevIaps
even Jvon
IinseIJ,
lIe veaI naluve oJ ils dvanalic
evenl,
Ingnav
Bevgnan's
Fevsona is
ovganized
as a
pscIoanaIsis,
seen Jvon lIe
poinl
oJ viev
oJ ils
palienl.
In
speaIing
oJ
canouJIage
il nusl Ie
venenIeved,
oJ
couvse,
lIal
Bevgnan
Ias lvealed
pscIialv
in olIev
JiIns,
pvesenling
one vilI lIe oIvious cvilicaI
slunIIing
IIocI oJ lIeve
Ieing
no veason lo IeIieve lIal Ie vouId nol Iave de-
picled
a
pscIoanaIsl
and
palienl diveclI
iJ lIal vas vIal Ie vanled lo do. In
Jacl,
vievevs JaniIiav vilI lIe JiIn viII
innedialeI
veaIize lIal lIeve is indeed
a
pscIialvisl
in Fevsona vIo
pvovides
us vilI lIe
IacIgvound
inJovnalion aIoul
EIizaIelI
VogIev's
IveaIdovn and even oJJevs Iev ovn sunnev Iouse Jov lIe
palienl's vecovev
vilI lIe
IeIp
oJ Iev
nuvse,
AIna.
TIeve Iave Ieen cevlain cvilics oJ lIis cenlvaI JiIn in lIe
Bevgnan
canon
vIo Iave noled lIe
slavlIing anaIog
oJ lIe JiIn's
unJoIding
dvana lo
pscIo-
anaIsis.'
Ollo
KevnIevg, pevIaps
lIe Jivsl lo
poinl
lovavd lIe
aIIegov
oJ
ps-
cIoanaIsis
in
Fevsona,
in Iis IooI BovdevIine Condilions and
FalIoIogicaI Navcissisn,
noled lIal Fevsona
vepvoduces
in essence lIe lvansJevence-counlevlvansJevence
silualions lIal
deveIop
in lIe lvealnenl oJ
seveveI
navcissislic
palienls.
Yel
valIev
IilevaI-nindedI,
Ie vievs lIe JiIn as lIe dvanalizalion oJ lIe
suJJeving
oJ a
pscIoanaIsl,
as iJ Ie veve
idenliJing
vilI
AIna,
lIe nuvse. He leIIs
us,
In a dvanalic
ieveIopnenl,
lIe nuvse
deveIops
an inlense Ialved Jov lIe sicI
vonan and nislveals Iev
cvueII
al one
poinl.
Il is as iJ aII lIe Ialved vilIin lIe
sicI vonan Iad Ieen lvansJevved inlo lIe
IeIping
one,
deslvoing
lIe
IeIping
pevson
Jvon inside.2
He lIen
quicII
noves Jvon lIe JiIn lo a discussion oJ
pvoIIens
oJ
lvealing
navcissislic
palienls,
aInosl as iJ lo advise
lIevapisls
aIoul
1. In addilion lo
KevnIevg,
see
Bvovne,
IeIov. I an
deepI
indeIled lo Bv. Leon BaIlev Jov
Iis advice and
encouvagenenl
in
vviling
lIis
essa.
CIavIes Edvavd
BoIins,
vIose
InovIedge
oJ
Bevgnan's
vovI Jav exceeds
nine,
Ias aIso Ieen
genevous
in
ansveving n queslions.
2.
Ollo
KevnIevg,
BovdevIine Condilions and
FalIoIogicaI Navcissisn,
Nev
YovI, J. Avonson,
1975, p.
246. BicIavd BvaIe Jivsl
IvougIl
lIis vovI lo
n
allenlion.
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Ingnav Bevgnan.
Fevsona. 1967.

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114 OCTOBEB
Iov lo avoid AIna's
pvedicanenl. InleveslingI, KevnIevg's expevience
as cIini-
cian,
vIicI Iad
IvougIl
Iin so cIose lo
undevslanding
lIe slvucluve oJ
Bevgnan's
vovI,
nonelIeIess
Ielvaed
Iin, despile
lIe
oviginaIil
oJ Iis iniliaI
insigIl,
inlo
a
sinpIislic
concIusion.
In ovdev lo see lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI
dvana enIedded in lIe JiIn ve nusl
vecognize
lIal lIe acluaI
pscIialvisl depicled
al ils
opening
is a
deco, deJIecling
ouv
undevslanding
Jvon lIe nove cenlvaI conJvonlalion oJ AIna and EIizaIelI.
Bul
lIe
pscIialvisl
is
onI
lIe Jivsl oJ a sevies oJ oIslacIes lIal oIscuve lIe vec-
ognilion
oJ lIe
pscIoanaIlic
encounlev. TIe nosl IIalanl oJ lIese IaJJIes is
lIe naslevJuI
conJusion oJ palienl
and doclov. Il is lIis lIal
KevnIevg,
in Iis
assunp-
lion lIal lIe
nuvse, AIna,
laIes lIe voIe oJ
doclov,
nisses. His
poinl,
in
an
case,
does nol invoIve a
sslenalic inlevpvelalion
oJ lIe
JiIn,
Iul valIev lIe vec-
ognilion
oJ a lvansJevence-counlevlvansJevence scIena - vIicI is indeed
pavl
oJ
lIe JiIn - Jov Ie
onI
nenlions
Bevgnan's
vovI in
passing
as
pavl
oJ a discus-
sion oJ lecInicaI lvealnenl.
Hovevev,
iJ ve ave lo undevsland lIe delaiIs oJ
Fevsona as a dvanalized
pscIoanaIsis,
ve nusl
acInovIedge
lIal lIe nuvse is
lIe neuvolic
palienl,
vIiIe lIe
pevsislenlI
siIenl EIizaIelI
vepvesenls
lIe
ps-
cIialvisl.3
TIe
gvealesl
oIslacIe oJ aII lo sucI an
inlevpvelalion, Iovevev,
is lIe
nelvovI oJ cIues - sone cIeavcul and
nan
olIevs
IigII anIiguous
- oJJeved
up I
lIe JiInnaIev Jov
sovling
oul lIose scenes lIal laIe
pIace
in lIe nuvse's
inaginalion
ov
dveans,
and lIose lIal
veaII
laIe
pIace
vilIin lIe Jiclive na-
lvix oJ lIe JiIn. Sone oJ lIe Iesl cvilics oJ lIe JiIn Iave Ieen seduced inlo enlev-
ing
lIal evidenliaI naze and oJlen
lIe
Iave
pvoduced iIIuninaling insigIls:
el
aII lIe Iesl
inlevpvelalions
oJ lIe JiIn Iave IvoIen dovn in
allenpling
lo
covveIale lIe
inaginav
and lIe veaI evenls. In lIe
JoIIoving pages
I sIaII lveal
aII lIe
pavls
oJ lIe JiIn
as
iJ
lIe
occuvved on lIe sane
pIane
oJ
vepvesenlalion.
OviginaII
lilIed
KinenalogvapI,
Fevsona
pvojecls
an
idenlil
Ielveen lIe
JiInic
expevience
and lIe
agon JicliveI depicled
vilIin il. No olIev JiIn
I
Bevgnan
so
unanIiguousI
aJJivns lIe
JvagiIil
oJ cinenalic iIIusion. TIe JiIn
Iegins
vilI lIe
spavIing
oJ an avc
IigIl
vilIin a
pvojeclov,
and ends vilI ils
exlinguisInenl:
neav lIe niddIe lIeve is lIe
calcIing
and
Iuvning
oJ a Jvane.
EacI oJ lIese lIvee cvuciaI nonenls is
acconpanied I
a nalvix oJ
inages
lIal
cIeavI
siluale lIese evenls oulside lIe vovId oJ lIe JiIn's cenlvaI Jiclion. TIe
inlevpvelalion
oJ lIese
Jvaning inages
Ias
IavgeI occupied
lIe JiIn's cvilics.
In due
line,
I sIaII aIso considev lIen al
IenglI:
Jov I IeIieve
lIe
ave nove
cenlvaI lo lIe
unil
oJ lIe JiIn lIan Ias IilIevlo Ieen
acInovIedged.
Bevgnan
is an inconsislenl and ecIeclic
slIisl. AIlIougI
aII Iis JiIns oJJev
3. NicI Bvovne
na
Iave Ieen lIe Jivsl lo nole lIis in Iis
essa
Fevsona de
Bevgnan
Bis-
posiliJ/Inconscienl/Speclaleuv,
in
Cinenas
de Ia
nodevnile.
FiIns, TIeovies, CoIIoque
de
Cevis,
ed.
Boninique CIaleau,
Andve
Oavdies,
FvangoisJosl,
Favis, 1981, pp.
198-207. SevevaI
poinls
in Bvovne's
slud
coincide vilI
n veading
oJ lIe JiIn. His
enpIasis, Iovevev,
is on lIe JiIn's
veIalionsIip
lo lIe
speclalov.
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Fevsona 115
Jascinaling
and innovalive
nonenls,
Ie oJlen avlicuIales Iis cinenalic dvanas
in lIe convenlionaI visuaI vIelovic oJ a slandavd
HoIIvood pvoduclion. Fevsona,
Iovevev,
is Iis nosl
sslenalicaII slIized
JiIn. TIe nedilalion on lIe
pavan-
elevs oJ
cinenalogvapI
coincides in lIis
speciaI
case vilI a
lIovougII
conscious
and
oviginaI
use oJ Iasic JiInic slvucluves. As ve sIouId
expecl,
lIis is nosl oI-
vious in lIe
IandIing
oJ
diaIogue excIanges
and sIol-counlevsIol.
Since,
I
Jav,
lIe
gvealev pavl
oJ lIe JiIn descviIes lIe inlevaclion oJ lvo isoIaled
vonen,
an innense slvess JaIIs
upon
lIe
vas
in vIicI lIe caneva and
ediling aIign
lIese lvo
peopIe.
TIe dvanalic cIinax oJ lIe JiIn occuvs vIen lIe nuvse conJvonls EIizaIelI
vilI
Iev, AIna's, anaIsis
oJ Iev vilIdvavaI inlo siIence as a
IslevicaI
veac-
lion lo Iev
IaveI
conceaIed Ialved oJ Iev son. OJ
couvse,
ve cannol
accepl
lIis
anaIsis unanaIlicaII.
SliII,
Jov lIe
nonenl,
ve can dveII on lIe
va
in
vIicI il is
vepvesenled
on lIe scveen. Fivsl oJ
aII,
lIe enlive
speecI
is
vepealed
innedialeI
aJlev ils iniliaI ullevance. TIe Jivsl
line,
lIe caneva venains Jixed
on
EIizaIelI,
lIe siIenl
Iislenev,
al lines
dissoIving
inlo
pvogvessiveI
cIosev
vievs oJ Iev Jace. TIe second
line,
lIe sane IoId caneva
slave,
lIe sane sevies
oJ dissoIves lo dvav
cIosev,
Jocuses
upon AIna,
Iev accusev. ConvenlionaI cin-
enalogvapI
vouId diclale lIe
veguIav excIange
oJ lIese lvo
Iong
laIes
|ov
pseudo-laIes, consideving
lIe
dissoIves).
WIal
Bevgnan gives
us
inslead-
lIe
vepelilion
oJ lIe
speecI-
caIIs lo nind lIe JiInnaIev's
vovIing
naleviaIs,
as iJ
lIe
paived
sIols veve lvo
Iong
laIes Jvon lIe vevevsed
angIes
oJ lIe sane
evenl,
JiIned lIal
va
vilI lIe end oJ sIol-counlevsIol in nind. In lIe second oJ lIe
laIes lo
appeav
on lIe
scveen,
Ie even oIsevved lIe convenlion oJ
JiIning
lIe
speaIev
ovev lIe sIouIdev oJ lIe Iislenev lo veinJovce lIe
spaliaI conlinuil.
TIe sIouIdev
disappeavs
vilI lIe
dissoIves,
Iul IeJove lIal
Iappens Bevgnan
eJJecls a
povevJuI
vavialion on lIe convenlion
I vepealing
lIe
inage
oJ EIiza-
IelI
suddenI luvning
Iev Iead
sidevas
lo IveaI
ee
conlacl vilI lIe
vilupev-
alive AIna. TIis
gesluve
doninales lIe
Jovegvound
Jov a nonenl and culs inlo
ouv viev oJ lIe
speaIev.
Inslead oJ
inlevculling
lIe lvo
pevspeclives
IacI and JovlI vIiIe nainlain-
ing
lIe
lenpovaI unil
oJ a
singIe speecI, lIeveI veassuving
Iis vievevs oJ lIe
spaliaI
and
lenpovaI conlinuil
oJ lIe
evenl,
and lIeveJove oJ ils
veaIil,
lIe
JiInnaIev
nelicuIousI supevinposes
AIna's Jace ovev EIizaIelI's. Yel lIis is
no slandavd
supevinposilion.
He Ias
pvepaved
Jov lIe
vev speciaI
eJJecl
I
JiIn-
ing
IolI Jaces iIIuninaled Jvon one IalevaI souvce
-
EIizaIelI's
IeJl,
AIna's
vigIl
-
so lIal
onI
lIe
opposile
IaIJ oJ eacI Jace is Iil
duving
lIe lvo
Iong
laIes.
BeJove lIe
supevinposilion
occuvs al lIe end oJ lIe second
vecilaI,
lIis unusuaI
IigIIigIling
seened
jusliJied I
lIe
cvepuscuIav IigIl enleving
lIe Iouse Jvon
a vindov Ieside lIe lvo vonen. Bul once lIe
supevinposilion occuvs,
lIese
inages
cease lo
appeav
as lvo IaIJ-Iil
Jaces,
Iul as a
singIe conposile
Jace Jused
Jvon IolI vonen. Nol
onI
is lIe
conposile inage
a
slavlIing
cIinax oJ lIis
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116
OCTOBEB
cIavged encounlev,
ilseIJ
vepealed
lvice and undevIined lIe second line vilI a
nusicaI
slvess,
Iul il is lIe soIe visuaI IinI lo lIe
enignalic inages
vIicI
Iegin
and end lIe JiIn.
Il is nol
suvpvising
lIen lIal lIis nosl cenlvaI
inage
oJ lIe JiIn Ias
inspived
lIe
Jvequenl nisinlevpvelalion
lIal lIe lvo vonen
excIange idenlilies,
ov even
lIal lIe JiIn vecovds lIe
scIizopIvenic
IaIIucinalion oJ a
singIe
cIavaclev. BalIev
lIan aIIov lIis
inage
lo
gvound
ouv
veading
oJ lIe JiIn as a
vIoIe,
ve vouId
pvoJil
Jvon
IoIding
oJJ and
consideving
ils slalus as an
inage.
In
Jacl,
Bevgnan
encouvages
us lo laIe lIis voule in lIe
Jvaning episodes. TIeve,
a
Io, appavenlI
avaIened in a
novgue,
veacIes oul lo loucI a scveen IeIind vIicI lIe
inages
oJ EIizaIelI and AIna ave
vapidI dissoIving
inlo eacI olIev. TIis
allenpl
lo
naIe
langiIIe
conlacl vilI lIe
inage innedialeI pvecedes
lIe JiIn's lilIes - in
Jacl,
il even accounls Jov lIe JiIn's
lilIe:
Jov
pevsona
is Lalin Jov nasI- and il ve-
cuvs
jusl
IeJove lIe JinaI
cooIing
oJ lIe
pvojeclov's
avc
Ianp.
In lIese
sIols,
lIe
IacIscveen
pvojeclion
and lIe
palIelic
JaiIuve lo loucI lIe Jace undevscove ils
slalus as a neve
inage.
I laIe il as
signiJicanl
lIal lIe
supevinposilion
oJ lIe Jaces occuvs vilIin
lIe Jiclive dvana al lIe
poinl
vIeve lIe
spaliaI
and
lenpovaI aulIovil
oJ sIol-
counlevsIol
coIIapses.
TIe JiIn
Iegins
aJlev lIe
pvelilIe sequence,
vilI a navIed
suppvession
oJ sIol-counlevsIol. We see lIe
nuvse, AIna,
Ieing
inslvucled aIoul
Iev nev
palienl
vilIoul
seeing,
al
Jivsl,
lIe doclov vIo is
laIIing
lo Iev. WIen
IolI
Jiguves
in lIe
excIange
ave Ialev ediled
logelIev, Bevgnan
nainlains Iis
dislance Jvon lIe convenlionaI
nonlage I panning sIavpI
Jvon lIe IacI oJ
AIna's Iead- and lIe
laIIing
doclov
Ieond
Iev- lo Iev Iands
cIasped
IeIind
Iev IacI. We nusl vail a
Iong
line Jov lIe Jivsl undisluvIed inslance oJ sIol-
counlevsIol,
vIicI occuvs
signiJicanlI
vIen AIna veads EIizaIelI a Iellev Jvon
Iev
IusIand:
lIe counlevsIol navIs lIe nonenl vIen EIizaIelI snalcIes
ava
lIe Iellev lo
suppvess
an
expIicil
aIIusion lo an evolic encounlev.
B suppvessing
sIol-counlevsIol vIen ve sIouId
expecl il,
as in an
eavI
scene in vIicI lIe
oJJscveen
pscIialvisl
asIs AIna aIoul Iev
palienl
vIiIe
onI
AIna is seen in lIe
scveen,
and
I ling vevevse-angIe culling
lo lIe
deveIoping inlinac
Ielveen
lIe lvo
vonen,
Bevgnan
inscviIes
neaning
in lIis Iasic cinenalic slvucluve.
Il viII
covvespond
lo AIna's
gvoving
conJovl vilI Iev
palienl.
TIal
conJovl,
Iovevev, pavaIIeIs
lIe
deveIopnenl
oJ
posilive
lvansJevence in
pscIoanaIlicaI
lvealnenl. TIeveJove lIe nosl exlensive use oJ sIol-counlevsIol sIouId
occuv,
as il indeed
does,
duving
AIna's
Iong auloIiogvapIicaI
and conJessionaI
speecIes
soon aJlev sIe and EIizaIelI nove inlo lIe doclov's sunnev Iouse.
TIe
aIIegov
oJ
pscIoanaIsis pvoceeds quile eJJicienlI
in one
vespecl.
TIe
slages
oJ lvansJevence and lvansJevence neuvosis occuv in a Iineav JasIion
and even conslilule lIe
IigIIigIls
oJ lIe dvana. In lIeiv Jivsl
neeling,
AIna
gives
a IvieJ accounl oJ Iev
Iislov
lo EIizaIelI. As ve
suIsequenlI Ieavn, lIis
inlvoduclion oIJuscales lIe enolionaI lensions in Iev IiJe.
InnedialeI
JoIIov-
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Fevsona 117
ing
lIal
inlevviev, AIna,
aIone in Iev voon in lIe
IospilaI
vIeve sIe
vovIs,
luvns
slvaigIl
lovavd lIe
caneva,
as iJ il veve a
nivvov,
and lIinIs oul Ioud
aIoul Iev nev
palienl.
TIe Jivsl
slage
oJ Iev
posilive
lvansJevence occuvs as
sIe veassuves IevseIJ oJ lIe
saJel
and
soIidil
oJ Iev doneslic IiJe I'II
navv
KavI-HenviI and ve'II Iave a
coupIe
oJ Iids lIal I'II
Iving up.
TIal's aII
decided,
il's in ne sonevIeve. I don'l Iave lo vovI
lIings
oul al
aII,
Iov
lIe've going
lo Ie. TIal naIes
ou
JeeI saJe. Fvon lIis IIinded
soIiIoqu
oJ seIJ-assuvance
sIe
innedialeI Iegins
lo
specuIale
aIoul EIizaIelI
VogIev
and JaIIs
asIeep
ve-
pealing
Iev nane.
TIe nexl
slage Iegins
vilI a nonenl
Bevgnan
Ias cIained as lIe
inage
lIal
genevaled
lIe vIoIe JiIn. EIizaIelI
conpaves
Iev Iand lo
AIna's,
vIo
pIaJuII vesisls, cIaining
il is Iad IucI. In lIe
suIsequenl episode
AIna veads
lo EIizaIelI Jvon a IooI
appavenlI
aIoul lIe
pscIoIog
oJ
veIigion.
In ouv
scIenalic
accounl,
lIese lvo scenes
covvespond
lo lIe
palienl's
idenliJicalion
vilI lIe
anaIsl
and lIe
suIsequenl
desive lo
pIease
Iev and lo undevsland
ps-
cIoIogicaI
delevninalions. TIese lvo
episodes pvepave
us Jov lIe
Iong sequences
oJ
nonoIogues
vIicI JoIIov il in vIicI lIe Jivsl
painJuI
naleviaI
Iegins
lo
enevge.
Fov lIe nonenl I sIaII
pass
ovev lIe conlenl oJ lIese
nenovies,
lo vIicI I nusl
naluvaII
veluvn,
in ovdev lo
Iving
nove
cIeavI
inlo Jocus lIe
sIape
oJ lIe
lvansJevence. Il is
innedialeI
aJlev Iev accounl oJ Iev evolic
Iislov
lIal AIna
inagines
EIizaIelI
seducing
Iev. TIis is one oJ lIe cvuxes oJ
anIiguil
as lo
lIe slalus oJ vIal is
pvesenled.
EIizaIelI
speaIs IvieJI
lo
AIna:
sIe enlevs Iev
voon al
nigIl
and cavesses
Iev:
el
lIe voice is so dislanl and lIe
lviIigIl
so un-
cann
lIal lIe
speclalov queslions
lIe evenl as
possiII
one oJ AIna's
inagining.
OJ
couvse,
Jvon lIe
pevspeclive
oJ lIe
aIIegov
oJ
pscIoanaIsis
lIis naIes no
diJJevence al aII.
EvevlIing
in Fevsona veJIecls lIe
pevspeclive
oJ lIe
palienl.
Al lIis
poinl
one
na oIjecl
lIal vIal I an
caIIing
lvansJevence neuvosis
is
equaII
lvue oJ
inlevsuIjeclive veIalionsIips
oulside oJ lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI
encounlev. TIe
slvenglI
oJ sucI an
oIjeclion
does nol invaIidale
n appvoacI.
Bul il does denand lIal I
caveJuII
considev lIe conlenl oJ lIe
supposed pscIo-
anaIsis,
nol
neveI
ils dvanalic Jovn. TIis I sIaII do vIen I cone lo considev
lIe
veIalionsIip
oJ lIe Jvane
slov
lo lIe
agon
oJ AIna and EIizaIelI. BeJove I
cone lo lIis
avgunenl,
I nusl descviIe lIe
negalive pIase
oJ lIe lvansJevence.
AIna Iecones
deepI upsel
and JeeIs
Ielvaed
vIen sIe veads an unseaIed
Iellev EIizaIelI Ias vvillen lo Iev IusIand and
given
Iev lo
posl.
TIe Iellev de-
scviIes in dislanl and sonevIal anused lones AIna's conJidence in Iev and lIe
suspicion
lIal sIe is a IillIe in Iove vilI Iev. TIe Iellev ilseIJ is Iess
signiJicanl
lIan AIna's veaclion lo lIe
inpossiIiIil
oJ an evolic
veIalionsIip
vilI EIizaIelI.
SIe
deIiIevaleI
Ieaves a
Iavge spIinlev
oJ
gIass |vIicI
sIe
accidenlaII IvoIe)
in
EIizaIelI's
palI
as sIe vaIIs IaveJool. TIis lvansJovnalion oJ Iove inlo
aggves-
sion cIinaxes in a sIol-counlevsIol
excIange
oJ
gIances
vIicI
lacilI
acInovI-
edges
AIna's voIe in lIe accidenlaI
injuv.
TIe sIol-counlevsIol is inlvoduced
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118 OCTOBEB
I
lIe
opening
oJ a veiI-IiIe cuvlain vIicI Iad Ieen so cIose lo lIe caneva lIal
il vas nol noliceaIIe unliI AIna loucIed il. Al lIis
luvning poinl,
lIe cuvlain
vaising
oJ
negalive
lvansJevence,
lIe viII lo IveaI oJJ lIe vIoIe
pvocess
naniJesls
ilseIJ in lIe sudden
calcIing
and
Iuvning
oJ lIe
vev
Jvane oJ JiIn on vIicI
AIna's IoId slave is
pvinled. SuddenI
ve ave IacI in lIe naleviaI oJ lIe
pvelilIe
sequence.
TIe JiIn does
gel
slavled
again,
aJlev a
deIaed
veluvn lo
Jocus,
as iJ
lIe
ee
seen in lIe
inlevvuplion
vesisled
veluvning
lo lIe dvana. TIe
IosliIil
Ielveen lIe
pvolagonisls
conlinues. In lIe scenes vIicI JoIIov AIna
painJuII
acls
oul Iev
aggvession.
An accusalion oJ coIdness and
nocIev gives va
lo
pIsicaI
vioIence.
B
lIvealening
lo scaId Iev Jace vilI
IoiIing
valev,
AIna eIicils
speecI
Jvon EIiza-
IelI,
vIo
cvies, No, slop
il! Fvon lIis
poinl on,
lIe lvansJevence neuvosis
pIas
ils couvse. AIna naniJesls considevaIIe anIivaIence lovavd EIizaIelI
sIe
aggvessiveI anaIses
Iev
iIIness,
lIen
Iegs Jovgiveness onI
lo
vepudiale
lIal
pIea.
TIe
slage
is nov sel Jov a
lenpovav dispIacenenl
oJ lIe iniliaI evolic
lvansJevence. In a scene lIal
dislinclI pavaIIeIs
lIe
episode JoIIoving
lIe
Iong
conJession,
AIna invevls lIal silualion
I vandeving
inlo lIe voon oJ lIe
sIeep-
ing
EIizaIelI:
inslead oJ
cavessing
Iev,
sIe
ninuleI calaIogues
Iev IIenisIes
WIen
ou've asIeep ouv
Jace is aII sIacI and
ouv
noulI is svoIIen and
ugI.
.
. SliII,
lIe evolic lvansJevence Ias nol Ieen
negaled, neveI dispIaced.
TIis
scene
nevges
inlo a sudden
appeavance
oJ EIizaIelI's IusIand. SevevaI delaiIs
oJ lIis
slvange
encounlev viII
uIlinaleI
concevn us. Fov lIe nonenl il is
enougI
lo nole lIal in
naIing
Iove lo lIe IusIand IolI in Jvonl oJ EIizaIelI's Jace and
IeIind Iev IacI
|IilevaII),
AIna
expvesses
in a diJJevenl Jovn Iev neuvolic de-
sive lo
pavlicipale
in EIizaIelI's evolic IiJe.
TIen,
IeJove a scene oJ
vegvession
in vIicI AIna Ioses Iev conlvoI oJ
snlax,
sIe oJJevs lIe
anaIsis
oJ EIizaIelI's
Ialved oJ Iev
cIiId,
vIicI cuIninales in lIe
conpound inage
oJ IolI lIeiv Jaces.
TIeve ave no cvuciaI navvalive ov dvanalic
deveIopnenls Ieond
lIis
poinl.
In
Jacl,
lIe JiIn
divevges vadicaII
Jvon lIe
puIIisIed scvipl
in ils
ending. Bevg-
nan Iad inlended lo
Iving
IacI lIe
doclov,
vIo vouId leII us lIal EIizaIelI
IvoIe Iev siIence lIal vinlev and veluvned lo Iev
JaniI
and lIe lIealev. As ve
Iasl see
Iev,
in lIe
scvipl,
AIna Ias venained IeIind on lIe isIand and lvies lo
vvile lo EIizaIelI aIoul a
picluve
oJ a
oung Io
IeId al
gunpoinl
in lIe Wavsav
OIello vIicI sIe Ias discoveved in lIe Iouse. In lIe JiIn
vevsion,
EIizaIelI is
Jascinaled
I
lIis
picluve.
TIe end oJ Fevsona is
signiJicanlI
nove
anIiguous
lIan lIe
scvipl
indicales.
TIeve is a JinaI vioIenl
excIange
Ielveen lIe lvo vonen in vIicI
EIizaIelI,
IiIe a
vanpive,
sucIs lIe IIood vIicI cones Jvon lIe nuvse's vvisl vIen sIe
culs IevseIJ vilI Iev
JingevnaiI.
A sudden lvansilion sIovs lIen IacI in lIe
IospilaI,
vIeve AIna coacIes Iev
palienl
lo ullev a
singIe
vovd
NolIing.
AJlev
lIis,
lIe JinaI sIol-counlevsIol
excIange
sIovs AIna
peeving lIvougI
a
doov al EIizaIelI
pacIing
Iev
IeIongings.
WIen EIizaIelI cIoses Iev
suilcase,
lIe caneva naIes a dovnvavd
pan vecaIIing
lIe novenenl Jvon lIe IacI oJ
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Fevsona 119
AIna's Iead lo Iev nevvous Iands
duving
lIe inlevviev vilI lIe doclov. WIen
ve ave
expecling
a scene oJ EIizaIelI's
depavluve,
ve
see, inslead,
AIna
cIosing
up
lIe sunnev
Iouse,
and
evenluaII, gelling
on a Ius. OJ
couvse,
upon
veJIec-
lion,
ve veaIize lIal in an oJJscveen
passage
oJ lIe
dvana,
EIizaIelI nusl Iave
depavled
Jivsl,
Ieaving
AIna lo cIose
up
lIe Iouse. Bul lIe niId sIocI oJ lIe se-
quence,
as
Bevgnan depicls il, covvesponds
lo lIe
anIiguil
oJ lIe levninalion
oJ
pscIoanaIsis, necessaviI
an anlicIinax a
nuluaI, pevIaps lacil,
agveenenl
Ielveen
palienl
and
anaIsl,
in vIicI lIe
palienl
Jinds IevseIJ
aIone, pevJovn-
ing
Iev dulies. In lIe nidsl oJ lIis concIusion lIeve is a dvanalic
cIose-up
oJ a
slalue vIicI Iad
appeaved
in lIe
IacIgvound
in an eavIiev sIol. In TIe
ToucI,
in vIicI il
veappeavs,
il is idenliJied as a nedievaI Madonna. TIis viII Ie veIe-
vanl lo lIe
inlevpvelalion,
Ialev in lIis
essa,
oJ lIe cvuciJixion
inagev.
B ovevIooIing
a
Iavge avva
oJ
delaiIs,
I Iave lvied lo
Iving
lo lIe Jove-
gvound
a scIena in vIicI lIe dvanalic evenls oJ Fevsona can Ie seen as
vepve-
senlalive oJ lIe
slages
oJ
pscIoanaIsis
a veJevvaI
|lIe neeling
vilI lIe
ps-
cIialvisl vIo sends AIna lo
EIizaIelI),
lIe iniliaI
inlevviev,
lIe
pvepavalion
Jov
lvansJevence,
lIe acceIevalion oJ lvansJevence in lIe conJessionaI discIosuves oJ
lIe
palienl,
lvansJevence
Iove,
lIe
deveIopnenl
oJ
negalive
lvansJevence vIicI
Ieads lo lIe
pvojeclion
oJ lIe lvaunalic souvce oJ lIe neuvosis on lIe
anaIsl,
and
lIe levninalion. TIe
slvongesl oIjeclion conJvonling
lIis
veading
is
nolIing
Iess
lIan ils
vev slavling poinl
EIizaIelI's siIence. Il is lIis siIence and
viIIingness
lo Iel AIna vovI
lIvougI
Iev lvauna lIal naIes Iev idenliJicalion vilI lIe an-
aIsl
so
innedialeI appavenl.
Yel in lIe end sIe is loo siIenl. No
oIjeclive
accounl oJ a cIassicaI Fveudian
pscIoanaIsis
- ov
an
olIev Jov lIal
nallev--
couId accounl Jov a
vigidI
nule doclov. To
gel Ieond
lIis
cvux,
ve nusl ex-
anine lIe
pecuIiavil
oJ lIe
aIIegov
I Iave oulIined.
TIe Jivsl
queslion
il
poses
is
vI
vouId a JiInnaIev
opevale
in lIis
va?
FscIoanaIlicaI
cvilics vouId assune lIal neuvolic
conpIexes
can and do de-
levnine lIe inJvaslvucluves oJ JiIns. Bul
vI
sIouId
pscIoanaIsis
ilseIJ Ie so
disguised? Bevgnan
couId Iave nade a JiIn aIoul
pscIialv
iJ lIal is vIal Ie
vanled lo do. TIe
inlevesling
Jacl is lIal Ie did naIe sucI a JiIn a decade aJlev
Fevsona. Face lo Face
|1974)
dvanalizes lIe nenlaI
coIIapse
oJ a
pscIialvisl, again
pIaed I
Liv UIInan
|aIlIougI
I do nol Jind lIal lo Ie
vev inpovlanl,
since
sIe Ias
pIaed
so
nan
divevse voIes in
Bevgnan JiIns).
TIe JiInnaIev's IosliI-
il
lo
pscIoanaIsis
- and Iis inlevesl in il - ave
quile lvanspavenl
in lIis Ialev
JiIn,
vIeve ve Ieav Bv.
WanIeI,
lIe UIInan cIavaclev's
IospilaI supeviov, sa,
Tvenl eavs ago
I veaIized lIe inconceivaIIe
IvulaIil
oJ ouv nelIods and lIe
conpIele IanIvuplc
oJ
pscIoanaIsis.
TIe
disvepulaIIe pscIialvisls
in TIivsl
|1949)
and in TIe Lives
oJ
Mavionelles
|1980)
ave
el
JuvlIev
exanpIes
oJ
Bevgnan's
IosliIil
lo lIe
pvocess.
I assune lIis
vev IosliIil
can leII us
sonelIing
aIoul lIe
genesis
oJ Fev-
sona. TIe JiIn nol
onI
vecveales lIe
dnanics
and lensions oJ
pscIoanaIsis:
il Jovns a nassive deJense
againsl
il. TIe nosl IIalanl Jovn oJ lIal deJense
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120 OCTOBEB
vouId Ie lIe
pvesence
oJ lIe
pscIialvisl
al lIe
Ieginning
oJ lIe JiIn
|and
al
lIe concIusion as
veII,
in lIe
scvipl).
SIe is an
ogve
vIo allacIs EIizaIelI vilI
nelapIsicaI
IanaIilies IeJove
sending
Iev oJJ lo Iev sunnev Ione. In lIe
scvipl
Bevgnan's Juv
al lIis cvealuve is
IaveI disguised.
Hev JinaI
anaIlicaI speecI
ends, FevsonaII
I vouId
sa ou
Iave lo Ie
JaivI
inJanliIe lo
cope
vilI
Ieing
an avlisl in an
age
IiIe ouvs. TIe JiInnaIev adds lIese venavIs TIe doclov is
vev pIeased
vilI vIal sIe Ias
said,
pavlicuIavI
lIe Iasl Iil.
Hev
vev pvesence
in lIe JiIn is a
deco
lo divevl
sslenalic
vievev/veadevs
Jvon lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI veIalionsIip
Ielveen EIizaIelI and AIna. TIal sIe
is JenaIe
na
Ie anolIev
dispIacenenl.
TIe vovId oJ Fevsona is
vadicaII
Jeni-
nized. TIe veaI and
pevIaps
even IIind IusIand oJ EIizaIelI naIes an
ap-
peavance
vIicI can
easiI
Ie vead as a
Janlas
ov dvean. IJ
Bevgnan
Iad an
expevience
in
pscIoanaIsis |vIicI
Ias nol Ieen
conJivned)
and dvavs
upon
il in lIis
JiIn,
lIen lIe suIslilulion oJ a vonan Jov a nan
pavaIIeIs
lIe vevevsaI
oJ lIe voIes oJ nuvse and
palienl.
In
Jacl,
iJ ve incIude lIe
doclov,
ve can see
lIe deJensive
dispIacenenl
oJ a silualion
invoIving
eilIev lvo nen ov one nan
and one vonan
|lIe anaIsl)
inlo a Jiclion oJ lIvee vonen. WIiIe
pvepaving
lIe
scvipl
Jov TIe
SiIence
Bevgnan
loId
ViIgol Sj6nan
lIal Ie vouId lvansIale Iis
dvean oJ lvo nen inlo a
slov
aIoul lvo
vonen:
Ie vas aJvaid lIal lIe
pavl
vas loo cIose lo IinseIJ.4
FuvlIevnove lIe
vev suppvession
oJ lIe
inlevpvelive
vovI oJ lIe
anaIsl
|EIizaIelI
in lIe
aIIegov) nigIl enevge
Jvon lIe sane
IosliIil.
In lIal case
ve nusl IooI eIsevIeve Jov lIe
inlevpvelive
nonenls.
CevlainI
lIe Iellev vouId
Ie
one:
Jov il dvanalizes IolI lIe
palienl's
desive lo see lIe doclov's
pvivale
noles
ov lo vead Iis
nind:
and lIe vesislance lo lIe doclov's
pvoJessionaI insigIl
is
neveI
a
lpicaI
neuvolic
sndvone.
OlIev veJIeclions oJ
inlevpvelive
nonenls
|as
conslvucled Jvon lIe IosliIe
vievpoinl
oJ a
palienl)
vouId Ie lIe doclov's
IanaI
speecI,
lIe
veading
oJ lIe
pscIoIog
lexlIooI
|inlevcul
vilI lIe Iavven
slones oJ lIe
isIand),
and EIizaIelI's lvo
speecIes No, slop
il! and
NolIing.
Fvon lIis
negalive vievpoinl,
a
pscIoanaIsl
is soneone vIo
sas nolIing,
ov,
nove
IuvidI,
vIo sucIs lIe
palienl's
IIood. TIe Jacl lIal ve can so
easiI
ac-
cepl
EIizaIelI's Jivsl
speecI
as a
Janlas
oJ AIna's undevIines lIe
vepvession
oJ
anaIlicaI
inlevvenlions. In Face lo Face Bv. WanIeI's Iillev
speecI
aIoul
ps-
cIoanaIsis
concIuded I don'l lIinI ve can
veaII
cuve a
singIe
Iunan
Ieing.
One ov lvo
gel
veII
despile
ouv eJJovls. Il is
pevIaps
useJuI lo nole
|Ieeping
in
nind lIal associalions Ielveen JiIns nade a decade
apavl
ave oJ duIious
vaIue)
lIal Face lo Face
Iegins
vilI lIe dvanalizalion oJ anIivaIenl lvansJevence Iove
aJlev a
Iong aggvessive speecI
in vIicI lIe
palienl
leIIs lIe doclov sIe is suve sIe
vouId Ie a
poov
Iovev.
4.
ViIgol
Sj6Snan,
L 136
Biav
vilI
Ingnav Bevgnan,
lvans. AIan
BIaiv,
Ann
AvIov, Kavona,
1978, p.
190.
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Fevsona 121
Beadevs
genevous enougI
lo
accepl n
accounl oJ lIe
dispIacenenl
oJ lIe
inlevpvelive
vovI oJ lIe
anaIsl
Jvon lIe cenlvaI
aIIegov
oJ lIe
anaIsis
as a
Junclion oJ lIe deJensive vesislance lo lIe ovevl dvanalizalion oJ lIe
pscIialvic
evenl
na el
vaise
anolIev,
sliII nove
cogenl, oIjeclion
lo
n
lIesis.
FscIo-
anaIsis
is nol
sinpI
a JovnaI
agon
Ielveen
palienl
and
anaIsl:
il nusl Iave
a
speciJic conlenl,
and
JuvlIevnove,
lIal conlenl delevnines lIe naluve and
cIavaclev oJ lIe lvansJevence. UnliI
nov,
I Iave sIivled lIis JundanenlaI
poinl.
I can no
Iongev
avoid il.
To
gel
al lIe conlenl oJ lIe
anaIsis,
lIe neuvolic
pvoIIen,
ve nusl
vesign
eJJovls lo
dislinguisI
Ielveen
veaIil
and
Janlas,
ov
dvean,
in lIe cenlvaI
slov
oJ lIe JiIn and ve nusl
sinuIlaneousI gvanl
an
equaI pscIoIogicaI
slalus lo
lIe
inlevvuplive
Jvane
slov. EvevlIing, lIen,
lIal
appeavs
on lIe scveen in
Fevsona viII Iecone naleviaI Jov
anaIsis.
WilI lIis in
nind,
I vanl lo
Iving
inlo evidence sone oJ lIe JiInnaIev's slalenenls aIoul lIe JiIn. In lIe inlevviev
voIune,
Bevgnan
on
Bevgnan,
ve Jind
SIaII ve laII a nonenl aIoul lIe
Io
in lIe JiIn?
WeII,
vIiIe I vas
vovIing
on
Fevsona,
I Iad il in
n
Iead lo naIe a
poen,
nol in
vovds Iul in
inages,
aIoul lIe silualion in vIicI Fevsona Iad
ovigi-
naled. I veJIecled on vIal vas
inpovlanl,
and
Iegan
vilI lIe
pvo-
jeclov
and
n
desive lo sel il in nolion. Bul vIen lIe
pvojeclov
vas
vunning, nolIing
cane oul oJ il Iul oId
ideas,
lIe
spidev,
Ood's
IanI,
aII lIal duII oId sluJJ.
M
IiJe
jusl
lIen consisled oJ dead
peopIe,
IvicI
vaIIs,
and a Jev disnaI lvees oul in lIe
pavI.
In
IospilaI,
one Ias a
slvong
sense oJ
covpses JIoaling up lIvougI
lIe Iedslead. Besides vIicI I Iad a viev oJ lIe
novgue, peopIe
navcI-
ing
in and oul vilI IillIe
coJJins,
in and oul.
So I nade IeIieve I vas a IillIe
Io
vIo'd
died, el
vIo vasn'l
aIIoved lo Ie
veaII dead,
Iecause Ie
Iepl
on
Ieing
voIen
up I
leIepIone
caIIs Jvon lIe
BoaI
Bvanalic TIealev.
FinaII
Ie Iecane
so
inpalienl
Ie
Ia
dovn and vead a IooI. AII lIal sluJJ aIoul TIe
Hevo oJ Ouv Tine slvucI ne as valIev
lpicaI
-
lIe ovevslvained oJJi-
ciaI
Iing
on Iis sicIIed.
WeII,
aII lIis is lviviaI. Bul lIal's Iov il
vovIs- and
suddenI
lvo Jaces ave
JIoaling
inlo one anolIev. And
lIal's vIeve lIe JiIn
Iegins.
As Jov lIe
inlevpvelalion, ou
can inlev-
pvel
il
an va ou
IiIe. As vilI
an poen. Inages
nean diJJevenl
lIings
lo diJJevenl
peopIe.5
Bevgnan's descviplion
oJ lIe
genesis
oJ Fevsona
encouvages specuIalion
aIoul lIe
JvaiIl
oJ Iis cvealive
povevs
as Ie
inagined
il
duving
lIal cvisis. Bul
5.
Slig BjovInan,
Tovslen
Manns,
and
Jonas Sina, Bevgnan
on
Bevgnan
Inlevvievs vilI
Ingnav
Bevgnan,
lvans. FauI Bvillen
Auslin,
Nev
YovI,
Sinon and
ScIuslev, 1973, pp.
189-190.
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122 OCTOBEB
even vilIoul lIe
IeIp
oJ Iis
connenls,
sevevaI
pallevns
vouId
suppovl
lIe aIIe-
gov
oJ
pscIoanaIsis
as a
Ie
lo lIis JiIn.
TIe
ave
|1)
lIe vecuvvenl
vepvesen-
lalions oJ an
onIooIev:
|2)
lIe Janlasies oJ an unvanled ov aIovled cIiId vIicI
acconpan evev
nenlion oJ
sexuaIil: |3)
lIe Jvee associalion oJ
inages
Jvon
Bevgnan's Iislov
as a JiInnaIev vIicI
pavaIIeI
lIe
navvalive:
and
|4)
lIe un-
usuaI vesevvalion oJ sIol-counlevsIol lo undevIine lIe
inpovlanl
nonenls in
lIe dvana I Iave idenliJied vilI lIe slvucluve oJ lvansJevence.
Man
cvilics oJ lIe JiIn Iave
poinled
oul lIal lIe
Io
in lIe Jvane
episode
seens lo
covvespond
lo EIizaIelI's son. IJ one venains
slviclI
vilIin lIe navva-
live evidence oJ lIe
JiIn,
lIis vouId Ie
unjusliJied.
TIe
pIologvapI
oJ lIe
son,
vIicI ve see
onI IvieJI
on lIe
scveen, appeavs
lo Ie a diJJevenl
Io.
Bul iJ one
accepls
lIe
dispIacenenls
and condensalions I Iave nainlained ave al vovI on
aII IeveIs in lIe
JiIn,
lIis associalion oJ lIe lvo
Ios
is nove lIan
jusliJied.
Il is
lIe
Ie
lo lIe
enigna
oJ lIe JiIn. Yel ve
vecognize
ils
inpovlance onI
vIen
ve ave
vead
lo concede lIal IolI AIna and EIizaIelI ave nasIs Jov a
vev
diJJevenl dvana lIan lIe one ve seen lo Ie
vilnessing duving
nosl oJ lIe JiIn.
Up
unliI lIis
poinl
I Iave lvaced an
aIIegov
oJ a
pscIoanaIlic
encounlev in
vIicI AIna
pIas
lIe voIe oJ lIe
palienl
and EIizaIelI lIal oJ lIe
anaIsl.
Nov
I an aIoul lo naIe an
avgunenl
Jov lIe
idenlil
oJ AIna and lIe
Io
oul oJ lIe
Jvane
episode.
In olIev
vovds,
lIe enlive JiIn veJIecls lIe
pevspeclive
oJ a
palienl
in
pscIoanaIsis
Jov vIon lIe adoIescenl
Io
is a cvuciaI scveen
nenov.
Exlvene cave is
vequived
in lIe idenliJicalion oJ lIe
Io. Bevgnan
oJJevs
us an enovnous Ioosl
vIen
Ie
sas
lIal Ie nade IeIieve Ie vas a IillIe
Io
vIo'd died.
WI lIen,
ve nusl
asI,
did Ie nol Jind an
appvopviale
aclov lo
pIa
lIis
Io? WI
did Ie luvn inslead lo lIe
vev Jiguve
Ie Iad used in Iis
pve-
vious
JiIn,
TIe SiIence? To naIe lIe idenliJicalion
conpIele
Ie sIovs lIe
Io
veading
lIe sane IooI in IolI
JiIns,
Levnonlov's A Hevo
oJ
Ouv
Tine.
FevIaps
nosl
veveaIing
oJ aII is lIe evvov
Bevgnan
naIes in
descviIing
lIe IooI. TIeve
is no ovevslvained oJJiciaI
Iing
on Iis sicIIed in Levnonlov's noveI. Ils
pIace
in lIe eavIiev JiIn can
easiI
Ie accounled Jov. TIe SiIence sIovs lIe sane
Io,
aIong
vilI Iis aunl and
nolIev, passing lIvougI
a
Joveign counlv |lIe Ianguage
oJ vIicI none oJ lIen
Inovs)
vIicI seens aIoul lo
go
lo
vav,
iJ il Ias nol aI-
vead
done so. Levnonlov's noveIIa laIes lIe Jovn oJ lvaveI noles aIoul a Jasci-
naling
vonanlic
Jiguve
in an exolic Caucasian
Iandscape.
TIe
pavaIIeIisn
Ie-
lveen lIe
suIjecl
oJ lIe IooI and lIe veadev in TIe SiIence does nol
cavv
ovev lo
Fevsona. In
pIace
oJ
il, Bevgnan evvoneousI
allviIules Iis ovn condilion al lIe
line oJ lIe JiIn's
genesis,
an ovevslvained oJJiciaI- Biveclov oJ lIe
BoaI
Bva-
nalic
TIealev, vIicI,
in lIe sane inlevviev
IooI,
Ie caIIed
puvgalov,
add-
ing, NolIing
vovse can
Iappen
lo ne Jov lIe vesl oJ
n IiJe-Iing
on Iis
sicIIed. Al lIe line oJ lIe cvealion oJ lIe Jivsl
scvipl
oJ
Fevsona, Bevgnan
vas
IospilaIized vilI an inJeclion lIal
inpaived Iis sense oJ IaIance.
TIe Levnonlov IooI cavvies ovev lo Fevsona lo veinJovce lIe Jacl lIal lIis
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Fevsona 123
Io Ivings
vilI Iin aII oJ Iis associalions Jvon lIe eavIiev JiIn.
Bevgnan's
evvov
undevIines lIe
pevsonaI
idenliJicalion Ie Iad vilI lIe
Io
in IolI JiIns. TIis
Ieads us
diveclI
lo a considevalion oJ TIe
SiIence,
a nucI Iess oIscuve JiIn lIan
Fevsona. In
il,
lIe
Io
is a
Jiguve
oJ
anIiguous naluvil.
He veads
Ieond
Iis
eavs,
Iul Ie can IeIave vilI
innaluvil,
as vIen Ie uvinales in lIe covvidov
oJ lIe IoleI
|vIeve
nosl oJ lIe JiIn
lvanspives) innedialeI
aJlev a
conpan
oJ
dvavJs dvess Iin
up
as a IillIe
givI.
TIis
anIiguil suggesls
lIal lIe adoIescenl
is a scveen Jov an inJanliIe lvauna. In TIe SiIence lIe
Io's pveoccupalion
vilI
lIe
pvinaI
scene is a lIenalic concevn Ie is Jascinaled
I
a
painling
oJ a
salv
and
Jaun:
Ie
vepovls
lo Iis aunl aIoul lIe
IovenaIing
Ie Iislens lo in Iis nolIev's
voon as sIe naIes Iin vail in lIe covvidov. In
Jacl,
lIe
onI
line ve evev see
lIe IooI in TIe SiIence is al lIe
vev
nonenl lIal lIe
Io
IooIs
up
Jvon
veading
lo leII aIoul Iis
voeuvislic sping.
TIe
pvinaI
scene lvauna Iies al lIe cove oJ Fevsona.
TIis,
aIove
aII,
ac-
counls Jov lIe
incovpovalion
oJ lIe
Jiguve
Jvon lIe eavIiev JiIn in lIe Ialev one. I
viII
poslpone
Jov a vIiIe
Bevgnan's acInovIedged
idenliJicalion vilI lIis
Jiguve.
Il is line lo considev lIe
vas
in vIicI
pvinaI
scene
expeviences pevneale
lIe
JiIn and accounl Jov ils
conpIex
slvucluve. BeJove JuvlIev discussion oJ lIe
JiIn,
I sIaII luvn lo
Henv
EdeIIeil's
essa
CvuciJixion Fanlasies and lIe BeIalion
lo lIe FvinaI Scene. Heve is Iis deJinilion oJ lIe
pvinaI
scene scIena
I do nol nainlain lIal
evev inage
oJ an evolic encounlev is a
pvinaI
scene
vepvesenlalion,
Iul I IeIieve lIal sucI
inages na |and
in
lIe ciled inslances
do)
Iave
speciJiaIIe
lvails vIicI IaIeI lIen as
pvinaI
scene naleviaI. Fivsl
anong
lIese lvails is lIe cIavaclevislic
douIIe
idenliJicalion,
vIicI
na
Ie eilIev sinuIlaneous ov aIlevnal-
ing |lIe depicled
voIes ave
veadiI vevevsiIIe).
TIe
sensov nodaIil
nosl oJlen
vepvesenled
is lIe visuaI
|vIicI puls enpIasis
on lIe
po-
Iavil vievev/exIiIilov),
and lIe
selling
is oJlen a lIealev ov an avena.
A
IiIidinaI-aggvessive
encounlev is
vepvesenled |oJlen
a
conIal,
a
conlesl ov a viluaI
sacviJice)
in vIicI lIe oIsevvev is
inpIicaled.
TIe douIIe idenliJicalion ilseIJ vesuIls in
lpicaI anIiguilies.
TIese can Ie sunnavized in lIe
JoIIoving queslions 1)
WIal is
Iap-
pening? 2)
To vIon is il
Iappening?
WIo is lIe viclin and vIo lIe
aggvessov? 3)
Hov
nan peopIe
ave invoIved? One? lvo? sevevaI?
Ov is il one
conposile
cvealuve?
4)
WIal is lIe
analon
oJ lIe scene?
IJ il is nade
up
oJ nove lIan one
individuaI,
vIicI one Ias lIe
penis?
5)
WIeve an I
|lIe oIsevvev)?
An I
pavlicipaling
ov an I excIuded?
TIese
anIiguilies
avise Jvon lIe
pallevn
oJ douIIe idenliJica-
lions vIicI I caII lIe
pvinaI
scene
scIena.
6
6.
Henv EdeIIeil,
CvuciJixion Fanlasies and TIeiv BeIalion lo lIe FvinaI
Scene,
TIe Inlev-
nalionaI
JouvnaI oJ FscIoanaIsis,
LV
|1974), p.
194.
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124 OCTOBEB
WIen I Jivsl vead
EdeIIeil's avlicIe,
I vas
inslanlI
slvucI
I
lIe
va
in
vIicI Iis Jive
queslions
seened lo sunnavize
n expevience
oJ Fevsona. I lvusl
lIal
nan
veadevs vIo Iave nol
deveIoped
concvele
inlevpvelalions
oJ lIe JiIn
on lIeiv ovn viII sIave
n
veaclion. Al lIis
poinl
I an
pvepaved
lo
avgue
lIal
vIal is lvue oJ lIe JiIn as a vIoIe is lvue oJ ils nosl oIscuve
inages.
In
Jacl,
Fevsona,
as a JiIn aIoul
pvinaI
scene disluvIances and lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI
vev-
eIalion oJ
lIen,
nol
onI deJensiveI
oIscuves ils lvue
lIene,
il aIso
conpuIsiveI
pvojecls upon
ils vievevs a
vepelilion
oJ lIal
IiIidinaI-aggvessive encounlev.
WIal
Bevgnan
caIIs a
poen
. . . in
inages vepvesenls
Iis Jvee associalion
oJ nonenls in lIe
Iislov
oJ Iis
genesis
and
deveIopnenl
as a JiInnaIev. TIese
nonenls aIso luvn oul lo Ie lIe
vev inages
EdeIIeil
calaIogues
in Iis avlicIe.
OnI one, Iovevev,
is a divecl
quolalion
Jvon an eavIiev
Bevgnan
JiIn. TIe
speeded up
Javce in vIicI a sIeIelon
Jiguve pops up
and cIases a
JvigIlened
nan in a
nigIlgovn
cones Jvon Fvison
|1949,
aIso caIIed TIe
BeviI's
Wanlon),
lIe Jivsl JiIn
Bevgnan
IolI vvole and divecled IinseIJ. Il is Jvaned
I
a
slov
aIoul lIe
naIing
oJ a JiIn. TIe Javce is a JiIn lIe
pvolagonisl
Jinds in an
allic,
a souveniv oJ Iis
cIiIdIood:
il
snIoIicaII vecapiluIales
lIe evenls vIicI ave
Ieading
Iin inlo
pscIosis.
TIese Jvanes oJ JiIns-vilIin-lIe-JiIn slvess lIe
ps-
cIoIogicaI vaIidil
oJ
snIoIic
aclion. TIeve is even a IillIe
Io
in lIe JiIn vIo
Iides in a ceIIav so lIal Iis
pavenls
viII Jeav Ie is dead - lIe Jovevunnev oJ lIe
JiInnaIev's
Janlas
lIal Ie vas a IillIe
Io
vIo died. FuvlIevnove
Bevgnan
leIIs
us,
again
in lIe inlevviev
IooI,
lIal lIe Javce is a veconslvuclion oJ one
IillIe
scvap
oJ JiIn I
IougIl
vIen Ie Iad a
pvinilive pvojeclion appavalus
Jov
lIe
lo
lIealev vilI vIicI Ie
pIaed
as a len- ov
eIeven-eav-oId
cIiId.
I do nol Inov lIe
ovigin
oJ lIe cavloon vIicI Jivsl
appeavs
in lIe
pvojeclov
gale
aJlev lIe
Acaden
Ieadev. Il
suggesls
a cIiIdIood
nenov
oJ lIe cinena.
TIe
Jvagnenl
Jvon Fvison JoIIovs
il,
aJlev a veluvn oJ lIe sIol oJ JiIn
vusIing
lIvougI
lIe
pvojeclov gale
and a JIasI oJ a cIiId's Iands. We do nol see
enougI
oJ lIe Javce lo Inov vIal is
going
on, el
il
is
signiJicanl
lIal il laIes
pIace
in a
Iedvoon,
vIeve lIe Iaunled nan dives undev lIe covevs lo
escape
vIal
puvsues
Iin.
FscIoanaIsls
vouId caII lIis
nuIlipIicalion
oJ veasons Jov lIe veIevance
oJ lIe
Jvagnenl
ovevdelevninalion:
Jov il condenses lIe
ovigin
oJ
Bevgnan's
cinenalic
expeviences
vilI Iis Jivsl
JiInnaIing
eJJovls vIiIe
aIIuding covevlI
lo
pvinaI
scene
expeviences.
TIe nexl lvo
inages
oJ lIe
opening poen
ave nove
dispIaced
veJevences
lo Iis eavIiev JiIns. We see a
spidev,
lIen sevevaI sIols oJ a IanI
Ieing
JIeeced
and IulcIeved. In
TIvougI
a OIass
BavII,
lIe
nenlaII
disluvIed
Ievoine, Kavin,
leIIs oJ Iev
IaIIucinalion,
vIicI ve do nol
see,
in vIicI Ood allacIs Iev as a
Iusl spidev.
TIe IanI seens lo Ie an even JuvlIev
dispIaced
aIIusion
|Ood's
IanI,
Bevgnan
caIIs
il)
lo lIe
ApocaIplic IacIgvound
oJ TIe SevenlI SeaI. TIe
cIinax oJ lIis sevies oJ
inages,
in
levns
oJ vioIence veinJovced
I
lIe
sound
lvacI,
is lIe nexl sIol oJ a naiI
Ieing
dviven inlo a Iand, cIeavI
a
vepvesenlalion
oJ
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Fevsona 125
cvuciJixion. Al lIis
poinl,
ve can
pvoJil
Jvon
luvning
IacI lo
EdeIIeil's avlicIe,
vIicI cenlevs
upon
cvuciJixion Janlasies.
In cvuciJixion Janlasies
|vIicI na
Ie eilIev conscious ov uncon-
scious)
lIe
Jiguve
oJ CIvisl naiIed lo lIe cvoss
vepvesenls
lIe con-
Iined
inage
oJ lIe
pavenls
and al lIe sane
line,
I va
oJ lIe douIIe
idenliJicalion vilI lIe
pavenls,
il
vepvesenls
lIe
IeIpIess, oIsevving
cIiId.7
EdeIIeil Iases lIese concIusions on Iis ovn cIinicaI
expevience
as veII as divevse
anaIses
oJ
Iilevav
and
pscIoanaIlicaI
souvces. In
MlIopoesis
and lIe Fvi-
naI
Scene,
Ie
pvesenled
a nove eIaIovale
avgunenl
Jov
inlevpveling conpound
nlIoIogicaI
Ieasls
|cenlauvs,
and so
JovlI)
as
Jiguves
oJ lIe sane douIIe iden-
liJicalion vilI lIe
pavenls.8
One
pevsislenl
Jealuve oJ sucI
Jiguves
is lIe nuIli-
pIicalion
oJ
Iegs.
TIe
inage
oJ lIe
spidev,
JiIned Jvon
IeIov, pevIaps lIvougI
a
gIass,
vouId Ie
jusl
sucI a
dispIacenenl
Jov lIe
Iegs
oJ lIe
pavenls engaged
in
IovenaIing.
TIe
coIIage
oJ
inages veJevving
lo eavIiev
Bevgnan
JiIns
quicII gives va
lo
lIe
vepvesenlalion
oJ a
novgue,
Iul
onI
aJlev a sevies oJ lvansilionaI
inages
a IIanI IvicI
vaII,
a
Jovesl,
a Jence oJ ivon
spiIes.
TIe vevlicaIs oJ lIe Jovesl
lvees and lIe Jence
suggesl
lIe Iavs oJ a
cviI,
as indeed does lIe ivonvovI oJ lIe
Ied in lIe Javce
Jvagnenl.
TIis
na
Ie
signiJicanl
Iecause lIe adoIescenl
Io
vaIes
up
in lIe
novgue
lo vilness lIe lvo Jaces
JIoaling
inlo one anolIev
jusl
as an inJanl
nigIl
avaIe in Iis cviI lo discovev lIe
pavenls JIoaling
inlo
one anolIev.
TIe
sequence
ends vilI a dvanalic
pvesenlalion
oJ
vevevse-angIe culling.
TIe
Io
vaIes
up,
lvies lo vead Iis
IooI, cannol,
IooIs
avound,
and Iecones
Jascinaled
I
lIe
caneva:
Ie veacIes oul as iJ lo cavess il. TIis is lIe nonenl
vIen
Bevgnan
vevevses lIe
angIe sIoving
lIe
Io
Jvon
IeIind,
veacIing
oul
lo cavess lIe
inage
oJ lIe
dissoIving Jaces, ov,
nove
IilevaII,
lIe scveen Jvon
IeIind vIicI
lIe
ave
pvojecled.
TIis Jivsl inslance oJ sIol-counlevsIol in lIe
JiIn caIIs allenlion lo ilseIJ in lvo
vas
Jivsl, I Iaving
lIe
Io
IooI
diveclI
inlo
lIe
caneva,
and veacI oul as iJ lo loucI
il,
lIe JiInnaIev
Ivings
inlo
pIa
lIe
onI
Iocus oJ oJJscveen
space
lIal vouId nol Ie
aulonalicaII
aIsovIed inlo
lIe Jiclive avena vIicI aII olIev
pivols
oJ sIol-counlevsIol
genevale. SecondI,
lIe vevevsed sIol does
nolIing
lo Iide lIe Jacl lIal lIe
Io
is
conJvonling
a
scveen. TIe uniJied
spaliaI
evenl lIal Ie lIus
depicls
Ias Ieen dvained oJ ils
JiclionaI
aulIovil.
NovIeve eIse in lIe
pvoIogue
does
nonlage
eIaIovale coIev-
enl
spaliaI veIalionsIips.
TIe
pvojeclov
is a
conposile
oJ
Jvagnenls:
lIe
spidev,
IanI,
cvuciJied
Iand, vaII,
and Jovesl ave aulononous enlilies. TIeve ave lvo
sIols oJ lIe
Jence,
one cIose on ils
spiIes
and lIe
olIev,
JuvlIev
IacI, Iocaling
7.
IIid., p.
198.
8.
Henv EdeIIeil, MlIopoesis
and lIe FvinaI
Scene,
FscIoanaIlic Slud oJ Sociel,
V
|1972).
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126 OCTOBEB
lIe Jence
Ielveen
a snovdviJl
and vIal
na
Ie lIe side vaII oJ a cIuvcI ov
IospilaI.
TIe
novgue
IiIevise is a
sequence
oJ delaiIs -dead
Ieads, Iands, Jeel,
a vonan vIose
ees pop open
in
slop-nolion, Jovecasling
lIe
avaIening
oJ
lIe
Io-
Iul lIeve is
nolIing
lo
IeIp
us see vIose
Jace, Iands,
and so
on,
ve
ave seeing.
TIe aIslvaclion oJ lIis
nonlage
Iad Ieen announced
I
lIe
povevJuI
lvansilion
Jvon lIe Jence lo lIe
novgue:
Jov
Bevgnan
Ias
caveJuII conposed
a
vev
cIose
sIol oJ lIe Jivsl
covpse
so lIal il
gvapIicaII
veJIecls lIe
pallevn
oJ lIe
snovdviJl
in lIe sIol IeJove il. A
poen lIen,
il vouId seen Jov
Bevgnan,
diJ-
Jevs Jvon a navvalive in lIal il Ias a lIenalic and associalionaI slvucluve vIiIe
lIe Iallev avlicuIales a
spaliaI unil.
AJlev a IviIIianl lilIe
sequence
in vIicI
inages
Jvon lIe JiIn lo cone JIasI
Ielveen lIe slavI
cvedils,
lIe JiInnaIev
vepeals
a vevsion oJ lIe sIol-counlevsIol
vilI vIicI lIe
pvoIogue
ended. AJlev lIe vIile scveen dissoIves inlo lIe vIile
doov oJ a
IospilaI
oJJice,
AIna enlevs and slaves
allenliveI
lovavd lIe caneva
vIiIe lIe oJJscveen voice oJ lIe doclov inslvucls Iev aIoul Iev
palienl.
AJlev a
Iong line,
lIe
angIes
vevevse,
Iul lIe Jocus is sel on AIna's
IacI,
nol on lIe
IIuvved doclov in lIe Jav
IacIgvound.
TIis seIJ-conscious avlicuIalion oJ navva-
live
space deIiIevaleI
diJJevenliales ilseIJ Jvon lIe
poelic nonlage
oJ lIe
pvo-
Iogue
and lIe cvedils. In
no
olIev JiIn
I Bevgnan
does lIe necIanics oJ nav-
valion denand so nucI allenlion. TIe
enpIasis
on navvalion is veJIecled on
lIe soundlvacI as veII
I
lIe
Iong
evolic
slov
vIicI AIna leIIs EIizaIelI.
I IeIieve lIe
pecuIiav lenpovaIil
oJ lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI
encounlev can
cIaviJ
lIis JovnaI dislinclion in cinenalic nodes Ielveen lIe
poelic
and lIe
navvalive. TIe
pscIoanaIlic pvocess, vepvesenled
in Fevsona
I
lIe
slov
oJ
lIe lvo
vonen,
and
punclualed I
lIe veslvained and
sslenalic depIonenl
oJ sIol-counlevsIol lo
dislinguisI
lIe cvilicaI
slages
oJ lIe
pvocess,
laIes lIe
speciaI lenpovaI
and dvanalic Jovn I
Iave
oulIined
vegavdIess
oJ lIe naluve
|ov
conlenl)
oJ lIe disluvIance il seeIs lo
upvool.
Bul
I slvucluving
so cIeavcul a
Jvane avound lIe
JiIn,
and
I dvanalicaII inlevvupling
lIe cenlev oJ lIe nav-
valive vilI naleviaI Jvon lIal
Jvane,
Bevgnan pvesenls
us vilI an aIlevnalive
lo lIe navvalive node. WilIin lIe
slov
ilseIJ lIeve ave lvo
episodes
vilIin con-
cepluaI
IvacIels,
and
IolI,
signiJicanlI,
sIov us EIizaIelI vIen sIe is aIone.
SIe is IovviJied
I
lIe leIecasl oJ a
Iuvning
Ionze in Vielnan and Jascinaled
I
lIe
inage
oJ lIe
Io
in lIe Wavsav OIello. On one
IeveI,
lIe dislinclion
Ielveen
docunenlav
and Jiclive
inages covvesponds
lo lIe discvininalion Ie-
lveen navvalive and
poelic
nodes oJ
vepvesenlalion.
Bul ve nusl nol
Jovgel
lIal EIizaIelI
gives
Iev allenlion in IolI cases lo nedialed evenls and JuvlIev-
nove lIal lIe nedialions occuv al lIe oulev Ioundavies oJ
cinenalogvapI,
leIevision,
and
pIologvapI.
In addilion lo
lIal,
IolI Iave Ieen
docloved,
ov
lvansJovned
I ediling.
TIe
appavenlI
divecl lvansnission oJ lIe nevsveeI
Jvon Vielnan luvns oul lo Ie a suIlIe
nonlage
vIen ve Iislen lo lIe nuled
soundlvacI
caveJuII.
TIe
EngIisI-speaIing
nevscaslev is
descviIing
a IallIe
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Fevsona 127
vIiIe ve ave
IooIing
al lIe nonI
Iuvning
IinseIJ lo dealI.
OnI
lIe nenlion
oJ JIane-lIvovevs
connecls,
as iJ in Jvee
associalion,
lIe
connenlav
lo lIe
inagev. CovvespondingI,
lIe
Jvacluving
oJ lIe
pIologvapI
inlo
delaiIs,
and
lIe
lenpovaIizalion
oJ lIose delaiIs as
nonlage,
vecovevs ils cvude
veaIil
Jov
cinena.9
In lIe
aIIegov
oJ
pscIoanaIsis
lIese scenes
vepvesenl
lIe
anaIsl,
ov lIe
palienl's Janlas
oJ lIe
anaIsl, veacling
lo and
puzzIing
ovev evidence. TIe
sociopoIilicaI
naluve oJ lIe
inages,
as veII as lIeiv
appeavance
as JiIns vilIin
lIe
Iavgev
JiIn indicale lIal lIe issue oJ
veaIil
is
enevging
vilIin lIe JiclionaI
nalvix.10
Yel,
al lIe
vev
nonenl vIen
veaIil-lesling
Iecones an
issue,
Bevg-
9. TIis eJJovl lo aninale a sliII
pIologvapI aulonalicaII Ivings
us Jace lo Jace vilI lIe diJJev-
ence Ielveen
pIologvapI
and cinena.
Bevgnan
is nol
oviginaI
in Iis
lecInique
Ieve. In
Jacl,
Ie
na Iave
Ieen inJIuenced
I
a
venavIaII
successJuI sIovl JiIn vIicI
expIoiled
lIis
pvincipIe
CIvis MavIev's
LaJelie,
vIicI Iad Ieen veIeased Jouv
eavs
IeJove Fevsona. I an slvucI
I
lIe
pos-
siIiIil
oJ a
pvoJound
inJIuence nol Iecause lIe
lecInique
oJ
veJvaning
delaiIs oJ a
singIe pIolo-
gvapI
Jov dvanalic
enpIasis
is connon lo IolI
JiIns--Jov
lIal Iad nol Ieen
oviginaI
vilI
MavIev--Iul
I
lIe
lIenalic,
ov valIev
pscIoanaIlicaI, siniIavil
oJ lIe lvo JiIns. A
pvinaI
scene disluvIance is
vepvesenled
nove
oIviousI
in lIe MavIev
JiIn,
vIicI navvales lIe
slov
oJ a
nan vIo Iad Ieen a
oung Io
vIen alonic IonIs
deslvoed
Favis in lIe sudden
Ieginning
oJ
a TIivd WovId Wav. In an
aIIegov
oJ
pscIoanaIsis,
siniIav lo lIal oJ
Fevsona,
a lean oJ doclovs
vovI vilI lIe
nov-gvovn
nan lo
expIove
lIe
inagev
oJ Iis
vepvessed nenov.
TIe cIieJ doclov
is al Jivsl
JvigIlening,
lIen
Ienign,
and
JinaII
diaIoIicaI as lIe
slages
oJ lvansJevence ave veJvacled
lIvougI
lIe
slov.
TIe
painJuI jouvne
inlo lIe
pasl
Iecones lIe navvalive oJ Iis
Iove
aJJaiv. Bul lIe vonan
Ie Ioved in lIis Jiclion oJ
inlevpenelvaling
lines vas none olIev lIan lIe vonan Ie valcIed as Ie
slood
I
lIe cviIIiIe
vaiIing
oJ lIe
aivpovl
on lIe
da
oJ lIe lvaunalic
IonIing.
Al lIe end oJ lIe
JiIn lIe doclovs succeed in
naIing
Iin veaIize lIal lIe nan Ie sav IiIIed on lIe oIsevvalion
decI, jusl
IeJove lIe nassive
deslvuclion,
vas IinseIJ as Ie vusIed lo lIe vonan. TIe
spIilling
oJ
lIe cIavaclev inlo Iovev and
oIsevving
cIiId cIavaclevizes lIe
pvinaI
scene slvucluve.
TIe IviIIiance oJ lIis sIovl JiIn devoIves Jvon MavIev's
ingenious
associalion oJ sliII
pIo-
logvapI
vilI lIe disconlinuilies oJ
nenov:
Iis inilalion oJ
sIol-counlevsIol, veJvaning,
and
eIIiplicaI nonlage
vilIin lIe Iinilalion oJ lIe sliII
Jovnal:
Iis idenliJicalion oJ lIe inilialion oJ a
sexuaI
veIalionsIip
vilI lIe one inslance oJ acluaI
cinenalogvapI
in lIe JiIn - aJlev a sevies oJ
dissoIves on lIe Jace oJ lIe
sIeeping vonan, cIosing
in on a caIcuIus oJ
dininisIing
line
gaps,
sIe
opens
Iev
ees
in convenlionaI JiIn
line, inpIicilI acInovIedging
vilI Iev
gIance
Iev Iovev and
conJivning
in lIe sane
gesluve
lIe
OvpIic
lIene oJ lIe JiIn - and Iis
silualing
lIe
penuIlinale
neeling |lIe
nosl eIaIovale in levns oJ
nonlage)
oJ lIe Iovevs in a naluvaI
Iislov nuseun,
vIeve lIe
slalic,
sluJJed aninaIs
lIe
ave
inspecling nelapIovicaII covvespond
lo lIe
snapsIols
lIvougI
vIicI ve
inagine
lIe Iives oJ lIese cIavaclevs.
TIe
pvinaI
scene scIena and lIe
aIIegov
oJ
pscIoanaIlicaI lIevap
is
suJJicienlI
dis-
guised I
lIe science Jiclion navvalive oJ
LaJelee-
lIe cvilicaI Iilevaluve sIovs no nolice oJ il
-
Jov
il lo Iave Ieen an unconscious inJIuence on
Bevgnan.
Il is
signiJicanl lIal,
IiIe
MavIev,
Ie sIovs
us a
oung Io
on lIe
vevge
oJ
conJvonling
a vioIenl
lvauna,
and
pevIaps
even nove
signiJicanl
lIal
Bevgnan's JevisI Io |sonevIal
oIdev lIan MavIev's and lIeveJove cIosev lo lIe
Jiguve
oJ
lIe
pvoIogue)
is lIe veaI viclin oJ a IislovicaI vav. TIis eslaIIisIes a dislance
Jvon
MavIev's JiIn
and veinJovces lIe Junclion oJ lIe JiIn-vilIin-a-JiIn as a Jovn oJ
veaIil lesling.
10. Bv. BaIlev Ias sIaved Iis vovI on lIe
pIa
vilIin a
pIa
as a
sign
oJ
veaIil lesling
vilI
ne. See
JacoI
AvIov's TIe
Bevenge
Molive in lIe FvinaI
Scene,
vIicI conlains an exlended
and naslevJuI
inlevpvelalion
oJ Anlonioni's BIov
Up |JouvnaI oJ
Anevican
FscIoanaIlicaI
Associa-
lion,
77VIII
[1980], 519-541).
In AvIov's
Fanlas, Menov,
and
BeaIil Tesling |FscIo-
anaIlic QuavlevI,
777VIII
[1969], pp. 28-51)
ve Jind lIe
IacIgvound
Jov BaIlev's oIsevvalion
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128 OCTOBEB
nan,
as a JiInnaIev conscious oJ Iis
avl,
conJesses lIal lIe vioIence oJ
poIilicaI
veaIil escapes
lIal
avl,
Iul undevculs lIal conJession
I nedialing
IolI lIe
nevsveeI and lIe
pIologvapI lIvougI nonlage.
In lIe
slov
oJ lIe lvo
vonen,
lIe
pvinaI
scene disluvIance enIedded in
lIe
poelic pvoIogue enevges
in lIe
pevsislenl
associalion oJ sexuaI
voeuvisn
and
vejeclion
oJ a cIiId. AIna's
Iong
evolic
slov,
vIicI navIs lIe success oJ lIe
lvansJevence,
is a laIe oJ lIe slinuIalion oJ
valcIing
olIevs naIe Iove and
Ieing
valcIed. Il
ends, signiJicanlI,
in aIovlion. TIis Jovn oJ lIe
posilive
lvansJev-
ence Ieads
innedialeI
lo a
Janlas
in vIicI lIe
palienl |lIvougI
AIna,
lIe
suvvogale)
naIes Iove lo lIe doclov. In lIe
negalive lvansJevence,
lIe
palienl
inagines
lIe doclov
valcIing, anIivaIenlI,
vIiIe lIe
suvvogale
naIes Iove lo
lIe doclov's Iovev. TIis scene enlaiIs lIe
covvesponding IslevicaI
aJJivnalion oJ
aJJeclion Jov lIe cIiId. AJlev lIis vevevsaI Ias vun ils
couvse,
lIe
palienl pvojecls
upon
lIe doclov lIe JuII Jovce oJ lIe oIsession. In lIe
vepealed scene,
vIicI I
Iave
aIvead
descviIed,
lIe
palienl
eIaIovales a
Janlas
oJ
pavenlaI vejeclion
and
painJuII
veaIizes lIal lIe acluaI
suIjecl
oJ lIe
Janlas
is nol lIe
doclov,
Iul
IevseIJ.
TIe evidence oJ lIe JiIn cannol laIe us JuvlIev inlo lIe inJanliIe
deveIop-
nenl oJ lIe
OedipaI
lvauna lIan lIis. TIe
anIiguous age
oJ lIe
Io
al lIe Ie-
ginning
oJ lIe JiIn is an indicalion oJ lIis Iavviev. As a
Jiguve
oJ Iale
cIiIdIood,
ov
eavI adoIescence,
Ie scveens oul lIe cviI
nenov
oJ lIe
pvinaI
scene vIicI
lIe
pvoIogue
enacls. Yel Ie is
decidedI oungev
lIan lIe lvo
Ios
vIo ave de-
scviIed in AIna's evolic conJession. TIeiv
oulI,
oJ
couvse,
is cenlvaI lo lIal
epi-
sode. Il
pvovides
anolIev veason Jov lIe
anIiguous age
oJ lIe
Io.
IJ lIe veadev
can
accepl n posluIale
lIal lIe
pscIoanaIlicaI suIjecl
oJ lIe JiIn is a naIe
aduIl vIo
pvojecls
an
inage
oJ IinseIJ as lIe
inJanl/adoIescenl,
lIe associalion
oJ lIe
pvinaI
scene scIena and lIe
slov
oJ lIe lvo
Ios'
inilialion sIouId nol
Ie diJJicuIl. Fvon lIe
pevspeclive
oJ lIis
IpolIelicaI suIjecl,
lIe
pvinaI
scene
expevience
Ias exacevIaled Iis adoIescenl
sexuaIil
al lIe end oJ lIe
Ialenc
peviod. FuvlIevnove,
Iis desive lo
vepIace
lIe JalIev as lIe nolIev's Iovev seens
lo Iave IeJl an unconscious vesidue oJ
guiIl
vIicI Ias naniJesled ilseIJ in lIe
deJensive idea lIal lIe nolIev visIed lo
deslvo
ov
vejecl
lIe cIiId.
Fevsona is
vepIele
vilI
pavaIIeIs
and ecIoes on lIe
visuaI, dvanalic,
and
audilov
IeveIs. One oJ lIe Iallev
pvovides
an
inpovlanl
IinI Ielveen lIe
pvinaI
scene scIena and lIe lvansJevence. TIe
novgue
in lIe
pvoIogue
is
vepvesenled
lIvougI
a sevies oJ unconnecled
delaiIs,
lo lIe
acconpaninenl
oJ lIe sound oJ
dvipping
valev. TIal sane sound vecuvs as AIna veads EIizaIelI's Iellev aIoul
Iev. TIe JiIn covevs
up
lIis conneclion
I silualing
lIe Iellev
episode duving
a
on lIe
pIa
vilIin a
pIa.
In lIis
conlexl, Bevlvan
Levin's TIe Naluve oJ
BeaIil,
lIe
Meaning
oJ
NolIing,
vilI an addendun on Concenlvalion
|FscIoanaIlic QuavlevI,
CL77VIII
[1948],
pp. 524-526), pvovides
an
inlevesling
Iinl Jov
inlevpveling
EIizaIelI
VogIev's
one vovd
speecI,
NolIing,
as a decIavalion oJ caslvalion
anxiel.
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Fevsona 129
Ieav
vainslovn. AIna sels oJJ lo
posl
lIe Iellevs
duving
a
dovnpouv,
Iul
I
lIe line sIe cones lo vead lIe
vepovl
on
IevseIJ,
lIe slovn Ias dininisIed lo
lIe
slead dvipping
vIicI ve Iad Jivsl Ieavd
duving
lIe
pvoIogue.
TIis
audilov
vepelilion
dvanalizes lIe associalion Ielveen lIe
pvinaI
scene
nenov
and
lIe
luvning poinl
oJ lIe lvansJevence. TIis venains unconscious Jov lIe
palienl
and,
iJ ve can
judge
Jvon lIe siIence oJ lIe cvilicaI Iilevaluve on lIis
poinl,
lIe
JiInnaIev Ias
suIlI pvojecled
lIis unconsciousness onlo Iis vievevs.
TIe dvanalic
pavaIIeIs
ave nove
ovevl,
and
suIjecl
lo lvadilionaI
Iilevav
anaIsis.
TIe vadio
soap opeva,
in vIicI a
pIea
Jov
Jovgiveness
Iad
pvovoIed
a
Jil oJ
IaugIlev
Jvon
EIizaIelI,
nalcIes lIe vadio
Jvagnenl
AIna Ieavs lIe
nigIl
oJ Iev vioIenl
JigIl.
TIis line il
uvges
lIe deJensive vilIdvavaI inlo siIence ve
associaled vilI EIizaIelI
-don'l
speaI,
don'l
Iislen,
cannol
conpveIend--
WIal neans ave ve - us lo
pevsuade
- lo Iislen.
FvaclicaII
- excIuded. TIese
conlinuous caIIs
up
- . TIal is aII lIe
scvipl gives
us. Even in ils
eIIiplicaI
inco-
Ievence il conslilules lIe
Ividge
Ielveen lIe silualion oJ EIizaIelI
|don'l speaI)
and lIe
conpIenenlav speecI
aIoul EIizaIelI's son. Nol
onI
lIe dissoIulion
oJ
snlax
Iul lIe concalenalion oJ
pvonouns |ave
ve - us lo
pevsuade)
Jovecasls
lIe Ialev
vegvession
. . . lIe
inconpveIensiIIe disgusl
and
pain
and lIen aII
lIe
nan
vovds.
I, ne, ve, us, no,
vIal is il? WIeve is
cIosesl,
vIeve can I
gel
a
gvip?
In levns oJ cinenalic
conslvuclion,
lIe
neeling
vilI EIizaIelI's IusIand
veJIecls lIe iniliaI
pvesenlalion
oJ lIe doclov. TIe caneva venains a
Iong
line
on AIna as sIe Iislens lo Iis oJJscveen voice vIiIe
lving
lo leII Iin sIe is nol
EIizaIelI. LiIe lIe doclov
aIso,
Iis
speecI
is
inpevvious
lo lIe
pavlicuIavil
oJ
lIe
pevson
Ie addvesses. TIis
soIipsisn
coincides vilI lIe
anIiguil
oJ Iis
ap-
peavance.
WIen ve do
JinaII
see Iin Ie laIes oJJ Iis davI
gIasses
Iul does nol
acInovIedge
lIal AIna is nol EIizaIelI ov lIal lIeve ave lvo vonen IeJove Iin.
TIe
va
in vIicI Ie slaves and Iis
gesluve
vilI lIe
gIasses
cveales a
disluvIing
anIiguil
in vIicI lIe vievev does nol Inov iJ Ie can see ov iJ Ie is IIind.
TIe
vev suggeslion
oJ IIindness navIs Iin as an
OedipaI Jiguve,
in Iis
veaIened,
seIJ-deJealed
slage.
TIis divecl Iinl oJ lIe
nlI
oJ
Oedipus neveI
veinJovces lIe ovevl
nlIoIogicaI
veJevence lIal
Bevgnan gives us,
lvice. We
ave
loId,
and ve see in an
insevl,
lIal EIizaIelI IvoIe dovn
duving
lIe Iasl
pev-
Jovnance oJ EIeclva. TIe
insevl,
neav lIe
Ieginning
and al lIe end oJ lIe
JiIn,
sIovs Iev in lIal
pevsona.
In
pscIoanaIlicaI nlIoIog,
EIeclva
covvesponds
11. CJ. TIe CoIIecled
Fapevs oJ
Ollo FenicIeI Fivsl Sevies
|Nev
YovI, Novlon, 1953),
On lIe
Fs-
cIoIog
oJ
Bovedon, pp.
295-96 Sounds
IiIe, sa,
a
dvipping lap
ov
snoving pul
lIe cIiId inlo
a slale oJ excilalion ov oJ
anxiel
and
give
il
'unpIeasuve
Jvon
inlevvuplion.'
WIen ve discovev
excilalions ov Jeavs oJ lIis Iind ve
nigIl
lIinI al once oJ
expevience
in lIe naluve oJ lIe
pvinaI
scene. Bul in
naIing
lIis
inlevpvelalion
ve nusl nol
Jovgel
lIal
excilenenl, anxiel,
and vesl-
Iessness can aIso
covvespond
lo lIose silualions in vIicI lIe
cIiId, Iaving
on one occasion
expevi-
enced a
pvinaI scene, expecls
ils
vepelilion
in vain.
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130 OCTOBEB
lo
Oedipus.
TIe JenaIe vevsion is consislenl vilI lIe
lvansposilion
oJ sexuaI
idenlilies
lIvougIoul
lIe JiIn.
In lIe
covpus
oJ
suvviving
OveeI
lvagedies
lIeve ave lvo
pIas
enlilIed
EIeclva,
one
I SopIocIes
and one
I Euvipides. Bevgnan,
vIose
InovIedge
and
expevience
oJ lIealev
na
Ie nove exlensive lIan lIal oJ
cinena,
does nol
leII us vIicI EIeclva EIizaIelI vas
pevJovning
vIen sIe Jivsl IvoIe dovn. Il
vouId
IavdI
Iave
nalleved:
Jov lIe diJJevence Ielveen lIe
pIas
Ias no veIe-
vance Jov Fevsona. On lIe olIev
Iand,
lIe Jacl lIal Ie IeJl lIis
poinl
undeJined
na
Iave a
neaning.
TIeve is no olIev inslance oJ lvo
suvviving
OveeI
pIas
caIIed
I
lIe sane lilIe. EIeclva as a
lilIe, lIen, vepvesenls
a Ioss ov conJusion oJ
aulIovsIip,
and JuvlIevnove
suggesls
lIe connon denoninalov oJ lIe
nlIic
pevsona
- lIe JenaIe
counlevpavl
oJ
Oedipus
- as nove
inpovlanl
lIan lIe
poel
vIo dvanalized il.
MucI oJ Fevsona can Ie seen as a deJense
againsl
lIe lIveal lo
cvealivil
an
avlisl
inagines pscIoanaIsis
as
posing.
TIe inlevnaI aIIusion lo
Fvison, TIvougI
a
OIass
BavII,
TIe SevenlI
SeaI,
and TIe SiIence
suggesls
lIal
Bevgnan
is IolI
ques-
lioning
and
seeIing
assuvance Jov Iis acIievenenl as an avlisl. TIe aIIusion lo
lIe JiIns Ie
pvojecled
as a cIiId veinJovces lIis
suggeslion
and Ieads lo
specuIa-
lion aIoul lIe
veIalionsIip
oJ lIal
cvealivil
lo Iis cIiIdIood Janlasies. In lIese
levns,
Ieconing
a JiInnaIev vouId Ie lIe JuIJiIInenl oJ a
Janlas
in vIicI lIe
cIiId,
as a
passive
vievev oJ
JiIns,
Iecones lIeiv
engendeving agenl.
TIis sense
oJ lIveal lo
cvealivil
vouId Iave Ieen conJivned
I
lIe concIusion oJ lIe
snug
IospilaI pscIialvisl,
Iad
Bevgnan
nol venoved il Jvon lIe
scvipl.
NovIeve is lIe
inlinac
Ielveen lIe Jvane
slov
and lIe cenlvaI dvana
so
expIicil
as in lIe
inlevvuplion
oJ lIe
Iuvning
Jvane vIicI JoIIovs lIe Jivsl oul-
IveaI oJ vioIence Ielveen AIna and EIizaIelI.
Again
lIe cvuciJixion and lIe
Iaunled
sIeepev veappeav
Jvon lIe
opening.
Bul lIis line lIe
sequence
ends nol
vilI lIe
Io veacIing oul,
as in lIe Jivsl
sIol-counlevsIol,
lo loucI lIe
inage,
Iul in a
cIoseup
oJ an
ee,
ilseIJ a
snecdocIe
Jov lIe
Io
and a
nelapIov
Jov
Iis
voeuvislic
oIsession. Fvon lIe
ee Bevgnan
culs IacI lo lIe
collage
vIeve
EIizaIelI is
convaIescing,
Iul lIe
inage
is
vev
sIov lo
vegain Jocus,
as iJ il
veve seen
I
lIal lvaunalized and Jascinaled
ee
Jvon lIe
inlevvuplion.
TIe
enlive JiIn
deJensiveI
assevls lIal lIe
vepvession
oJ Jvee
associalion,
anaIsis,
and veJIeclion on one's ovn acIievenenl is essenliaI lo
Ieeping
lIe JiclionaI
slov
in
Jocus,
lo
Ieep
lIe vovI
going.
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