Vacuum Distillation Guide
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chikukotwalVacuum Distillation Guide
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chikukotwal- Introduction: Describes the purpose and function of the crude vacuum distillation unit, including feed and product information.
- Different Types of Vacuum Distillation: Outlines the different types of vacuum distillation methods with their characteristics and pressure profiles.
- VDU Flow Diagram: Presents the flow diagram of the vacuum distillation unit, detailing the process and components in the system.
- Vacuum Heater: Explains the structure and functionality of the vacuum heater with a diagram and operational details.
- Vacuum Tower: Illustrates the vacuum tower and explains its structure, sections, and types of trays used.
- Vacuum System: Details the components and operating principles of the vacuum system with diagrams.
- Thank You: Concludes the presentation with a closing note.
Crude Vacuum Distillation Unit
Prepared by
Rohan S. Sule
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Topics
Introduction VDU Feed/Products Different Types Of Vacuum Distillation VDU Flow Diagram Process Equipments
!eater Vacuum Tower Vacuum "ystem
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Crude Vacuum Distillation Unit
Objective
To distill t#e long residuum crude from t#e atmosp#eric tower at #ig#er temperatures and reduced pressure$ T#e VDU ta%es t#e long residuum from t#e &DU '&tmosp#eric Distillation Unit( and separates t#e #ea)ier end products suc# as )acuum gas oils* )acuum distillate* slop wa+* and residue at reduced pressure and #ig# temperature$
Feed
,ong -esiduum '-educed .rude( from .DU
Products
,ig#t Vacuum /as Oil* !ea)y Vacuum /as Oil* -esiduum* "lop wa+* &sp#alt$
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Different Types Of Vacuum Distillation
Dry Vacuum Distillation
,ow energy consumption* applica0le to fuel type )acuum towers$ Do not utili1e stripping steam$ Pressure profile Flas# 1one2 34 mm !g a0s Top of tower2 5 l5 mm !g a0s 6
et Vacuum Distillation
!ig# product quality* applica0le to lu0e type )acuum towers and utili1e stripping steam$ Pressure profile Flas# 1one2 75 85 mm !g a0s Top of tower2 54 75 mm !g a0s 6
Damp Vacuum Distillation
,ow energy consumption and #ig# product quality$ "tripping steam is apprecia0ly reduced and t#e e9ector system is a t#ree stage system$ Pressure profile Flas# 1one2 :5 mm !g a0s Top of tower2 ;5 35 mm !g a0s
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VDU Flo! Dia"ram
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Vacuum #eater
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Vacuum #eater
Vacuum #eater
Vacuum #eater is a cylindrical furnace #a)ing con)ection 1one and radiation 1one$ T#e #eater operates at outlet temperature of 854F$ T#e furnace is fired 0y fuel gas and pilot gas$
6 Co$e %ormation 6 Reason&
.onditions in t#e radiant tu0es cause t#e reduced crude to t#ermally decompose to co%e and gas$
6 'voidin" co$e %ormation&
<y minimi1ing oil film temperature$ <y reducing t#e residence time of t#e oil in t#e tu0es of t#e radiant section$ "team can 0e used to lower oil residence time$ 6 6
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Vacuum To!er
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Vacuum To!er
Sections&
T#ree different section of different diameter and #eig#t ,arge diameter columns are used to maintain compara0le )apor )elocities at t#e reduced pressures$
Type o% Trays and Pac$ed beds&
T#ree pac%ed 0eds for t#ree draw off cuts and t#ree draw off trays are used Pac$ed bed ( "tructural pac%ing
Tray ( .#imney type for draw off trays
( "ie)e trays for t#e 0ottom section
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Vacuum System
Typical Vacuum system
"team E9ectors .ondensers .ondensate recei)er
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Vacuum System Steam )jectors
Steam )jectors consist o% %ollo!in" parts&
"team inlet "team no11le =i+ing c#am0er .on)erging inlet diffuser Diffuser t#roat Di)erging outlet diffuser
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Vacuum System
Operatin" principle
To con)ert pressure energy of #ig# pressure moti)e steam into )elocity$ =oti)e steam e+pands to a pressure 0elow t#e suction fluid pressure creating t#e dri)ing force to 0ring suction fluid into an e9ector$ !ig# )elocity moti)e steam entrains and mi+es wit# t#e suction fluid$ T#e resulting mi+ture is supersonic$ T#en t#e mi+ture passes t#roug# t#e con)erging* t#roat* and di)erging sections of a diffuser* #ig# )elocity is con)erted 0ac% into pressure$ In t#e diffuser>s di)erging section* cross sectional flow area is increased and )elocity is furt#er con)erted to pressure$
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Vacuum System
)jector System %or di%%erent types o% to!ers
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Vacuum System
Vacuum Condensers
T#e primary purpose of a condensers in an e9ector system is to condense as muc# steam and #ydrocar0ons as possi0le$ <y condensing steam and #ydrocar0on )apors* t#e load #andled 0y a downstream e9ector is reduced$ T#is maintains energy usage 'moti)e steam consumption( for dri)ing t#e e9ectors* to a minimum$
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Vacuum Condensers
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Thank You
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