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Caracteristicas Series SELECT V8i 3
Caracteristicas Series SELECT V8i 3
www.bentley.com
SUMMARY
With the V8i SELECTseries 3 release of Bentleys storm and sanitary sewer products, users have unparalleled exibility in matching the hydraulic solver with the problem of interest. What makes this all possible is the new le format that all of the products now share.
Bentley Systems wants to provide as many of these methods as possible so that the engineer analyzing collection system hydraulics can have the appropriate tools available for the problem at hand.
Multiple Solvers
Background
Calculating the hydraulics of wastewater collection systems is very difcult. It requires solving equations for partly full and full pipes with pumps and various control structures, and conditions can change in the middle of running a simulation. As a result of these difculties, numerous methods have been proposed to solve the equations describing collection system hydraulics. Bentley Systems wants to provide as many of these methods as possible so that the engineer analyzing collection system hydraulics can have the appropriate tools available for the problem at hand. This paper describes the methods available and how the Bentley storm and sanitary sewer modeling products address them.
The other products retain the solvers that were developed for them with the addition that CivilStorm now also supports the GVF-rational solver. The relationship between solvers and products is summarized in the table below.
Product/Solver SewerGEMS CivilStorm SewerCAD StormCAD
Figure 1: Summary of Relationship Between Solvers and Products.
Implicit
Explicit
GVF-convex
GVF-rational
x x
x x
x x
x x x
Any .stsw le can be opened from any product and edited. However, only the models with the supported solvers can actually be calculated.
Overall Approaches
There are two overall approaches used to solve collection system hydraulic problem: 1. St. Venant equations. The rst approach solves the most theoretically correct St. Venant equations for one dimensional ow with a free surface. They are sometimes called the Dynamic Wave equations. They consist of a set of non-linear partial differential equations (continuity and momentum) shown below:
Where A = ow area, t = time, Q = ow, x = distance, g = acceleration due to gravity, - = angle between pipe slope and horizontal, h = depth of ow, So = slope of channel, 0 Sx = slope of hydraulic grade line. These equations must be solved simultaneously. They cannot be solved analytically, and because of the nonlinear nature, they are difcult to solve numerically, especially around transitions to pressure ow, pumps and control structures. 2. Hydrologic routing. In most cases it is not necessary to solve the full St. Venant equations. Instead ow through a collection system is divided into two types of calculations: ow routing, which determines the ow in each pipe link, and hydraulic solutions, which take the ow and determine depth, velocity, and other hydraulic properties. There are numerous methods for hydrologic routing; these include convex, kinematic wave, Muskingum, Puls, etc. Once the ow is known, the hydraulic properties are usually calculated using either normal depth or GVF equations.
Pumps and pressure pipes can be solved using a true pressure pipe solve based on WaterGEMS. Unlike the St. Venant equations, the hydrologic routing methods and pressure pipe solutions can be applied to steady-state as well as dynamic situations. The simpler hydrologic routing methods route the ow downstream based on the assumption that routing accounts for the attenuation of dynamic effects. In cases where there are substantial backups in the collection systems, hydrologic routing methods cannot accurately account for the extra ow attenuation, and the St. Venant solvers should be used. An additional compromise that a user must accept with hydrologic routing is that ow splits must be modeled using a rating curve, as opposed to the St. Venant solvers, which determine ow splits dynamically. For a system with minimal backups and accurate rating curves for ow split (if they occur), hydrologic routing and St. Venant solutions produce very similar results and the hydrologic methods are faster and unconditionally stable.
In the case of hydrologic methods, Bentley developed two different approaches for sanitary sewers and storm sewers: GVF-convex solver: uses convex routing to determine ow and gradually varied ow (backwater analysis) to determine hydraulic properties once the ow is known. The collection system is rst divided into gravity and pressure subnetworks. Convex routing is used to determine ow in the gravity subnetworks, and the WaterGEMS pressure solver is used to determine ow in the pressure subnetworks. Finally, GVF equations are used to determine hydraulic grades and velocities. The GVF-convex solver is the only Bentley solver that can perform both steady and unsteady analyses. GVF-rational solver: routes peak storm ows developed using the rational method and then calculates the hydraulic properties based on those ows. The solver only solves for peak ows, although there is a way to use rational method C values with dynamic ows employing a modied rational method. There are two additional solvers available when the explicit solver is selected. These are the SWMM kinematic wave solution, which is a hydrologic routing method available through the SWMM model, and the Uniform Flow solution, which assumes all pipes are at normal depth and does no real ow routing. These are simply calculation options in the Routing method property when the Explicit solver is selected.
In addition to two overall ways of posing collection system ow equations, there are numerous ways of solving those equations. These are referred to as solvers in the Bentley models.
The Compute Center can be accessed by picking Analysis > Compute Center.
If a long-term simulation is to be conducted, any non-steady hydraulic solver can be used, but it is recommended that one of the EPA SWMM methods be used for the rainfall-runoff calculations.
PondPack
x x x x
x x x x x x x
Non surcharged
x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Automated pond and outlet design wizard x Conduit control structure calculations (weir, orice, depth vs. ow, exponential function) Culvert analysis and design Open channel analysis and design Pump analysis and design Low impact development control analysis and design Water quality analysis
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Simplied x x x x x Simplied
2012 Bentley Systems, Incorporated. Bentley, the B logo, SELECT, WaterGems, SewerCAD, SewerGems, StormCAD, and CivilStorm are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated, or one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. 9136 10/12.