BENJAMIN FRANKLINS STANCE on RACE in 1751:

Clifton A. Emahisers Non-Universal Teaching Ministries 1012 N. Vine Street !ostoria "hio ##$%0 emahiser.christogenea.org &lease !eel !ree To Co'( )*t Not To E+it Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. as t('eset ,( him from: ---.+ite.t.com/fran0lin/o,servations.html [ omitted] 1. Ta,les of the &ro'ortion of Marriages to )irths of 1eaths to )irths of Marriages to the N*m,ers of 2nha,itants etc. form+ on ",servations ma+e *'on the )ills of Mortalit( Christnings etc. of 'o'*lo*s Cities -ill not s*it Co*ntries3 nor -ill Ta,les form+ on ",servations ma+e on f*ll settle+ ol+ Co*ntries as E*ro'e s*it neCo*ntries as America. 2. !or &eo'le increase in &ro'ortion to the N*m,er of Marriages an+ that is greater in &ro'ortion to the Ease an+ Convenience of s*''orting a !amil(. 4hen !amilies can ,e easil( s*''orte+ more &ersons marr( an+ earlier in 5ife. 3. 2n Cities -here all Tra+es "cc*'ations an+ "ffices are man( +ela( marr(ing till the( can see ho- to ,ear the Charges of a !amil(3 -hich Charges are greater in Cities as 5*.*r( 2s more common6 man( [stay] single +*ring 5ife an+ contin*e Servants to !amilies 7o*rne(men to Tra+es hence Cities +o not ,( nat*ral 8eneration s*''l( themselves -ith 2nha,itants3 the 1eaths are more than the )irths. 4. 2n Co*ntries f*ll settle+ the Case m*st ,e nearl( the same3 all 5an+s ,eing occ*'ie+ an+ im'rove+ to the 9eighth3 those -ho cannot get 5an+ m*st 5a,o*r for others that have it3 -hen 5a,o*rers are 'lent( their 4ages 4ill ,e lo-3 ,( lo- 4ages a !amil( is s*''orte+ -ith 1iffic*lt(3 this 1iffic*lt( +eters man( from Marriage -ho therefore long contin*e Servants an+ single. : "nl( as the Cities ta0e S*''lies of &eo'le from the Co*ntr( an+ there,( ma0e a little more ;oom in the Co*ntr(3 Marriage is a little more inco*rag+ there an+ the )irths e.cee+ the 1eaths. 5. E*ro'e is generall( f*ll settle+ -ith 9*s,an+men Man*fact*rers etc. an+ therefore cannot no- m*ch increase in &eo'le6 America is cheifl( occ*'ie+ ,( 2n+ians -ho s*,sist mostl( ,( 9*nting. )*t as the 9*nter of all Men re<*ires the greatest =*antit( of 5an+ from -hence to +ra- his S*,sistence >the 9*s,an+man s*,sisting on m*ch less the 8ar+ner on still less an+ the Man*fact*rer re<*iring least of all? The E*ro'eans fo*n+ America as f*ll( settle+ as it -ell co*l+ ,e ,( 9*nters3 (et these having large Trac0s -ere easil( 'revail+ on to 'art -ith &ortions of Territor( to the neComers -ho +i+ not m*ch interfere -ith the Natives in 9*nting an+ f*rnish+ them -ith man( Things the( -ante+. 6. 5an+ ,eing th*s 'lent( in America an+ so chea' as that a la,o*ring Man that *n+erstan+s 9*s,an+r( can in a short Time save Mone( eno*gh to '*rchase a &iece of ne- 5an+ s*fficient for a &lantation -hereon he ma( s*,sist a !amil(3 s*ch are not

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 1

afrai+ to marr(3 for if the( even loo0 far eno*gh for-ar+ to consi+er ho- their Chil+ren -hen gro-n *' are to ,e 'rovi+e+ for the( see that more 5an+ is to ,e ha+ at ;ates e<*all( eas( all Circ*mstances consi+ere+. 7. 9ence Marriages in America are more general an+ more generall( earl( than in E*ro'e. An+ if it is rec0one+ there that there is ,*t one Marriage 'er Ann*m among 100 &ersons 'erha's -e ma( here rec0on t-o3 an+ if in E*ro'e the( have ,*t # )irths to a Marriage >man( of their Marriages ,eing late? -e ma( here rec0on $ of -hich if one half gro- *' an+ o*r Marriages are ma+e rec0oning one -ith another 20 @ears of Age o*r &eo'le m*st at least ,e +o*,le+ ever( 20 @ears. 8. )*t not-ithstan+ing this 2ncrease so vast is the Territor( of North-America that it -ill re<*ire man( Ages to settle f*ll(3 an+ till it is f*ll( settle+ 5a,o*r -ill never ,e chea' here -here no Man contin*es long a 5a,o*rer for others ,*t gets a &lantation of his o-n no Man contin*es long a 7o*rne(man to a Tra+e ,*t goes among those ne- Settlers an+ sets *' for himself etc. 9ence 5a,o*r is no chea'er no- in &enns(lvania than it -as %0 @ears ago tho so man( Tho*san+ la,o*ring &eo'le have ,een im'orte+. 9. The 1anger therefore of these Colonies interfering -ith their Mother Co*ntr( in Tra+es that +e'en+ on 5a,o*r Man*fact*res etc. is too remote to re<*ire the Attention of 8reat-)ritain. 10. )*t in &ro'ortion to the 2ncrease of the Colonies a vast 1eman+ is gro-ing for )ritish Man*fact*res a glorio*s Mar0et -holl( in the &o-er of )ritain in -hich !oreigners cannot interfere -hich -ill increase in a short Time even ,e(on+ her &o-er of s*''l(ing tho her -hole Tra+e sho*l+ ,e to her Colonies6 Therefore )ritain sho*l+ not too m*ch restrain Man*fact*res in her Colonies. A -ise an+ goo+ Mother -ill not +o it. To +istress is to -ea0en an+ -ea0ening the Chil+ren -ea0ens the -hole !amil(. 11. )esi+es if the Man*fact*res of )ritain >,( ;eason of the American 1eman+s? sho*l+ rise too high in &rice !oreigners -ho can sell chea'er -ill +rive her Merchants o*t of !oreign Mar0ets3 !oreign Man*fact*res -ill there,( ,e enco*rage+ an+ increase+ an+ conse<*entl( foreign Nations 'erha's her ;ivals in &o-er gro- more 'o'*lo*s an+ more 'o-erf*l3 -hile her o-n Colonies 0e't too lo- are *na,le to assist her or a++ to her Strength. 12. ATis an ill-gro*n+e+ "'inion that ,( the 5a,o*r of Slaves America ma( 'ossi,l( vie in Chea'ness of Man*fact*res -ith )ritain. The 5a,o*r of Slaves can never ,e so chea' here as the 5a,o*r of -or0ing Men is in )ritain. An( one ma( com'*te it. 2nterest of Mone( is in the Colonies from B Ato 10 'er Cent. Slaves one -ith another cost %0 C. Sterling 'er 9ea+. ;ec0on then the 2nterest of the first &*rchase of a Slave the 2ns*rance or ;is<*e on his 5ife his Cloathing an+ 1iet E.'ences in his Sic0ness an+ 5oss of Time 5oss ,( his Neglect of )*siness >Neglect is nat*ral to the Man -ho is not to ,e ,enefite+ ,( his o-n Care or 1iligence? E.'ence of a 1river to 0ee' him at 4or0 an+ his &ilfering from Time to Time almost ever( Slave ,eing ,( Nat*re a Thief an+ com'are the -hole Amo*nt -ith the 4ages of a Man*fact*rer of 2ron or 4ool in Englan+ (o* -ill see that 5a,o*r is m*ch chea'er there than it ever can ,e ,( Negroes here. 4h( then -ill Americans '*rchase SlavesD )eca*se Slaves ma( ,e 0e't as long as a Man 'leases or has "ccasion for their 5a,o*r3 -hile hire+ Men

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 2

are contin*all( leaving their Master >often in the mi+st of his )*siness ? an+ setting *' for themselves. E. $. 13. As the 2ncrease of &eo'le +e'en+s on the Enco*ragement of Marriages the follo-ing Things m*st +iminish a Nation viF. 1.- The ,eing con<*ere+3 for the Con<*erors -ill engross as man( "ffices an+ e.act as m*ch Tri,*te or &rofit on the 5a,o*r of the con<*ere+ as -ill maintain them in their ne- Esta,lishment an+ this +iminishing the S*,sistence of the Natives +isco*rages their Marriages G so gra+*all( +iminishes them -hile the !oreigners increase. 2.- Loss of Territory. Thus the Britons being driven into Wales, and crowded together in a barren ountry insufficient to su!!ort such great "umbers, diminished #till the $eo!le bore a $ro!ortion to the $roduce, while the %a&ons increas+ on their a,an+one+ 5an+s3 Atill the 2slan+ ,ecame f*ll of English. An+ -ere the English no- +riven into 4ales ,( some foreign Nation there -o*l+ in a fe- @ears ,e no more Englishmen in )ritain than there are no&eo'le in 4a2es. 3.- 5oss of Tra+e. Man*fact*res e.'orte+ +ra- S*,sistence from !oreign Co*ntries for N*m,ers3 -ho are there,( ena,le+ to marr( an+ raise !amilies. 2f the Nation ,e +e'rive+ of an( )ranch of Tra+e an+ no ne- Em'lo(ment is fo*n+ for the &eo'le occ*'(+ in that )ranch it -ill also ,e soon +e'rive+ of so man( &eo'le. 4.5oss of !oo+. S*''ose a Nation has a !isher( 4hich not onl( em'lo(s great N*m,ers ,*t ma0es the !oo+ an+ S*,sistence of the &eo'le chea'er6 2f another Nation ,ecomes Master of the Seas an+ 'revents the !isher( the &eo'le -ill +iminish in &ro'ortion as the 5oss of Em'lo( an+ 1earness of &rovision ma0es it more +iffic*lt to s*,sist a !amil(. 5.- )a+ 8overnment an+ insec*re &ro'ert(. &eo'le not onl( leave s*ch a Co*ntr( an+ settling A,roa+ incor'orate -ith other Nations lose their native 5ang*age an+ ,ecome !oreigners3 ,*t the 2n+*str( of those that remain ,eing +isco*rag+ the =*antit( of S*,sistence in the Co*ntr( is lessen+ an+ the S*''ort of a !amil( ,ecomes more +iffic*lt. So heav( Ta.es ten+ to +iminish a &eo'le. 6.- The 2ntro+*ction "f Slaves. The Negroes ,ro*ght into the English S*gar 2slan+s have greatl( +iminish+ the 4hites there3 the &oor are ,( this Means +e'riv+ of Em'lo(ment -hile a fe- !amilies ac<*ire vast Estates3 -hich the( s'en+ on !oreign 5*.*ries an+ e+*cating their Chil+ren in the 9a,it of those 5*.*ries3 the same 2ncome is nee+e+ for the S*''ort of one that might have maintain+ 100. The 4hites -ho have Slaves not la,o*ring are enfee,le+ an+ therefore not so generall( 'rolific3 the Slaves ,eing -or0+ too har+ an+ ill fe+ their Constit*tions are ,ro0en an+ the 1eaths among them are more than the )irths3 so that a contin*al S*''l( is nee+e+ from Africa. The Northern Colonies having fe- Slaves increase in 4hites. Slaves also 'eHorate the !amilies that *se them3 the -hite Chil+ren ,ecome 'ro*+ +isg*ste+ -ith 5a,o*r an+ ,eing e+*cate+ in 2+leness are ren+ere+ *nfit to get a 5iving ,( 2n+*str(. 14. 9ence the &rince that ac<*ires ne- Territor( if he fin+s it vacant or removes the Natives to give his o-n &eo'le ;oom3 the 5egislator that ma0es effect*al 5a-s for 'romoting of Tra+e increasing Em'lo(ment im'roving 5an+ ,( more or ,etter Tillage3 'rovi+ing more !oo+ ,( !isheries3 sec*ring &ro'ert( etc. an+ the Man that invents neTra+es Arts or Man*fact*res or ne- 2m'rovements in 9*s,an+r( ma( ,e 'ro'erl( calle+ !athers of their Nation as the( are the Ca*se of the 8eneration of M*ltit*+es ,( the Enco*ragement the( affor+ to Marriage.

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 3

15. As to &rivileges grante+ to the marrie+ >s*ch as the 7*stri*m 5i,eror*m among the ;omans? the( hasten the filling of a Co*ntr( that has ,een thinne+ ,( 4ar or &estilence or that has other-ise vacant Territor(3 ,*t cannot increase a &eo'le ,e(on+ the Means 'rovi+e+ for their S*,sistence. 16. !oreign 5*.*ries G nee+less Man*fact*res im'orte+ an+ *se+ in a Nation +o ,( the same ;easoning increase the &eo'le of the Nation that f*rnishes them an+ +iminish the &eo'le of the Nation that *ses them. 5a-s therefore that 'revent s*ch 2m'ortations an+ on the contrar( 'romote the E.'ortation of Man*fact*res to ,e cons*me+ in !oreign Co*ntries ma( ,e calle+ >-ith ;es'ect to the &eo'le that ma0e them? generative 5a-s as ,( increasing S*,sistence the( enco*rage Marriage. S*ch 5a-s li0e-ise strengthen a Co*ntr( +o*,l( ,( increasing its o-n &eo'le an+ +iminishing its Neigh,o*rs. 17. Some E*ro'ean Nations 'r*+entl( ref*se to cons*me the Man*fact*res of East-2n+ia6 The( sho*l+ li0e-ise for,i+ them to their Colonies3 for the 8ain to the Merchant is not to ,e com'ar+ -ith the 5oss ,( this Means of &eo'le to the Nation. 18. 9ome 5*.*r( in the 8reat increases the Nations Man*fact*rers em'lo(+ ,( it -ho are man( an+ onl( ten+s to +iminish the !amilies that in+*lge in it -ho are fe-. The greater the common fashiona,le E.'ence of an( ;an0 of &eo'le the more ca*tio*s the( are of Marriage. Therefore 5*.*r( sho*l+ never ,e s*ffer+ to ,ecome common. 19. The great 2ncrease of "ffs'ring in 'artic*lar !amilies is not al-a(s o-ing to greater !ec*n+it( of Nat*re ,*t sometimes to E.am'les of 2n+*str( in the 9ea+s an+ in+*strio*s E+*cation3 ,( -hich the Chil+ren are ena,le+ to 'rovi+e ,etter for themselves an+ their marr(ing earl( is enco*rage+ from the &ros'ect of goo+ S*,sistence. 20. 2f there ,e a Sect therefore in o*r Nation that regar+ !r*galit( an+ 2n+*str( as religio*s 1*ties an+ e+*cate their Chil+ren therein more than others commonl( +o3 s*ch Sect m*st conse<*entl( increase more ,( nat*ral 8eneration than an( other Sect in )ritain. : 21. The 2m'ortation of !oreigners into a Co*ntr( that has as man( 2nha,itants as the 'resent Em'lo(ments an+ &rovisions for S*,sistence -ill ,ear3 -ill ,e in the En+ no 2ncrease of &eo'le3 *nless the Ne- Comers have more 2n+*str( mi+ !r*galit( than the Natives an+ then the( -ill 'rovi+e more S*,sistence an+ increase in the Co*ntr(3 ,*t the( -ill gra+*all( eat the Natives o*t. : Nor is it necessar( to ,ring in !oreigners to fill *' an( occasional Vacanc( in a Co*ntr(3 for s*ch Vacanc( >if the 5a-s are goo+ E 1# 1B? -ill soon ,e fille+ ,( nat*ral 8eneration. 4ho can no- fin+ the Vacanc( ma+e in S-e+en !rance or other 4arli0e Nations ,( the 'lag*e of 9eroism #0 @ears ago3 in !rance ,( the E.'*lsion of the &rotestants3 in Englan+ ,( the Settlement of her Colonies3 or in 8*inea ,( 100 @ears E.'ortation of Slaves that has ,lac0en+ half AmericaD : The thinness of 2nha,itants in S'ain is o-ing to National &ri+e an+ 2+leness an+ other Ca*ses rather than to the E.'*lsion of the Moors or to the ma0ing of ne- Settlements. 22. There is in short no )o*n+ to the 'rolific Nat*re of &lants or Animals ,*t -hat is ma+e ,( their cro-+ing an+ interfering -ith each others Means of S*,sistence. 4as the !ace of the Earth vacant of other &lants it might ,e gra+*all( so-e+ an+

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 4

overs'rea+ -ith one Iin+ onl(3 as for 2nstance -ith !ennel3 an+ -ere it em't( of other 2nha,itants it might in a fe- Ages ,e re'lenish+ from one Nation onl(3 as for 2nstance -ith Englishmen. Th*s there are s*''os+ to ,e no- *'-ar+s of "ne Million English So*ls in North-America >tho Atis tho*ght scarce $0 000 have ,een ,ro*ght over Sea? an+ (et 'erha's there is not one the fe-er in )ritain ,*t rather man( more on Acco*nt of the Em'lo(ment the Colonies affor+ to Man*fact*rers at 9ome. This Million +o*,ling s*''ose ,*t once in 2J @ears -ill in another Cent*r( ,e more than the &eo'le of Englan+ an+ the greatest N*m,er of Englishmen -ill ,e on this Si+e the 4ater. 4hat an Accession of &o-er to the )ritish Em'ire ,( Sea as -ell as 5an+K 4hat 2ncrease of Tra+e an+ NavigationK 4hat N*m,ers of Shi's an+ SeamenK 4e have ,een here ,*t little more than 100 @ears an+ (et the !orce of o*r &rivateers in the late 4ar Unite+ -as greater ,oth in Men an+ 8*ns than that of the -hole )ritish Nav( in =*een EliFa,eths Time. : 9o- im'ortant an Affair then to )ritain is the 'resent Treat( for settling the )o*n+s ,et-een her Colonies an+ the !rench an+ ho- caref*l sho*l+ she ,e to sec*re ;oom eno*gh since on the ;oom +e'en+s so m*ch the 2ncrease of her &eo'leD 23. 2n fine A Nation -ell reg*late+ is li0e a &ol('*s3 ta0e a-a( a 5im, its &lace is soon s*''l(+3 c*t it in t-o an+ each +eficient &art shall s'ee+il( gro- o*t of the &art remaining. Th*s if (o* have ;oom an+ S*,sistence eno*gh as (o* ma( ,( +ivi+ing ma0e ten &ol('es o*t of one (o* ma( of one ma0e ten Nations e<*all( 'o'*lo*s an+ 'o-erf*l3 rather increase a Nation ten fol+ in N*m,ers an+ Strength. An+ since 1etachments of English from )ritain sent to America -ill have their &laces at 9ome so soon s*''l(+ an+ increase so largel( here3 -h( sho*l+ the &alatine )oors ,e s*ffere+ to s-arm into o*r Settlements an+ ,( her+ing together esta,lish their 5ang*age an+ Manners to the E.cl*sion of o*rsD 4h( sho*l+ &enns(lvania fo*n+e+ ,( the English ,ecome a Colon( of Aliens -ho -ill shortl( ,e so n*mero*s as to 8ermaniFe *s instea+ of o*r Anglif(ing them an+ -ill never a+o't o*r 5ang*age or C*stoms an( more than the( can ac<*ire o*r Com'le.ion. [The off'white to whom (ran)lin refers had to be the yiddish s!ea)ing *domite'+ews !osing as ,ermans. ed. .-.*.] 24. 4hich lea+s me to a++ one ;emar06 That the N*m,er of '*rel( -hite &eo'le in the 4orl+ is 'ro'ortiona,l( ver( small. All Africa is ,lac0 or ta-n(. Asia chiefl( ta-n(. America >e.cl*sive of the ne- Comers? -holl( so. An+ in E*ro'e the S'aniar+s 2talians !rench ;*ssians an+ S-e+es are generall( of -hat -e call a s-arth( Com'le.ion3 as are the 8ermans also the Sa.ons onl( e.ce'te+ -ho -ith the English ma0e the 'rinci'al )o+( of 4hite &eo'le on the !ace of the Earth. 2 co*l+ -ish their N*m,ers -ere increase+. An+ -hile -e are as 2 ma( call it Sco*ring o*r &lanet ,( clearing America of 4oo+s an+ so ma0ing this Si+e of o*r 8lo,e reflect a ,righter 5ight to the E(es of 2nha,itants in Mars or Ven*s -h( sho*l+ -e in the Sight of S*'erior )eings +ar0en its &eo'leD -h( increase the Sons of Africa ,( &lanting them in America -here -e have so fair an "''ort*nit( ,( e.cl*+ing all )lac0s an+ Ta-ne(s of increasing the lovel( 4hite an+ ;e+D )*t 'erha's 2 am 'artial to the Com'le.ion of m( Co*ntr( for s*ch Iin+ of &artialit( is nat*ral to Man0in+. LEn+ of !ran0lins o-n -or+s in his 2# 'art theme on .bservations oncerning the /ncrease of 0an)ind, $eo!ling of ountries, etc.M [ omitted 1 all underlining throughout mine]

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 5

4e m*st ta0e note that -here !ran0lin -rites NAn+ in E*ro'e the S'aniar+s 2talians !rench ;*ssians an+ S-e+es are generall( of -hat -e call a s-arth( Com'le.ion ...O the S'aniar+s 2talians !rench an+ ;*ssians are -ell 0no-n for having s-arth( com'le.ione+ 'eo'le of mi.e+ race. 9o-ever S-e+en ha+ their share of s-arth( com'le.ione+ 'eo'le also. The 1$P# Pth e+. of the *ncy. Britannica, vol. QQ22 '. RR# states6 NS-e+en is +ivi+e+ into three chief 'arts : the so*thern ,eing calle+ 8Stalan+ the mi++le 'art Svealan+ or S-e+en 'ro'er an+ the northern Norrlan+. The north an+ north-est 'arts Norrlan+ are calle+ 5a'lan+.O The 1PJ1 World %co!e *ncy. vol. V2 *n+er the to'ic N5a'lan+O sa(s in 'art6 NThe 5a''s are classe+ as T*ranians ,elong to the !innic ,ranch. The( are small in stat*re have a flat nose high chee0 ,ones an+ a scant( ,ear+. Most of these 'eo'le are m*sc*lar an+ have re+ hair ....O This +escri'tion s*rel( re'resents a 'eo'le of mi.e+ raceK 2 -o*l+ s*rmise a mi.t*re of mongolian an+ Scan+inavian. So !ran0lin is not o*t of or+er in his a''raisal. An+ -hen !ran0lin state+6 N... in America -here -e have so fair an "''ort*nit( ,( e.cl*+ing all )lac0s an+ Ta-ne(s of increasing the lovel( 4hite an+ ;e+DO 9ere ,( mentioning6 N... the lovel( 4hite an+ ;e+ ...O !ran0lin sim'l( meant ,ea*tif*l 4hite 'eo'le -ith ros( chee0sK BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ON RACE 4e can no- see -here M.E. )ra+for+ in his - Worthy om!any, >)rief lives of the framers of the Unite+ States Constit*tion? got his legal confirmation from on 'age R0 in 'art6 N2n these long (ears as agent )enHamin !ran0lin o'enl( val*e+ the stat*s of the North American colonies within the )ritish Em'ire an+ the flo- of English constit*tional histor( more than +i+ man( of his fello- Americans. An Anglo'hile he -as clearl( a rel*ctant revol*tionar(. )*t never +i+ he +o*,t that in some sense America -as one co*ntr( an+ Englan+ another. Tr*e eno*gh he -ishe+ to 'reserve the English character of the colonies6 since Athe n*m,er of '*rel( -hite 'eo'le in the -orl+ is 'ro'ortionatel( ver( small an+ since Athe English L-ith the Sa.ons of 8erman(M ma0e the 'rinci'al ,o+( of -hite 'eo'le on the face of the earth ... -h( sho*l+ the &alatine ,oors ,e s*ffere+ to s-arm into o*r settlements ... -h( increase the sons of Africa ,( 'lanting them in America -here -e have a fair o''ort*nit( ,( e.cl*+ing all ,lac0s an+ ta-n(s ...DO "n the ,ac0 cover of M.E. )ra+for+s ,oo0 - Worthy om!any, the follo-ing is state+6 N... 1r. )ra+for+s 'enetrating research 'roves that J0 >an+ 'erha's J2? of the JJ !ramers of the Unite+ States Constit*tion -ere Christians. Not h*manists not 1eists not agnostics : hristians2 The( -ere men of The )oo0 -ho -ere min+f*l that those -ho govern A-o*l+ ,e hel+ acco*nta,le to a 9igher A*thorit( for the *se the( ma+e of their s'ecial 'o-ers. - Worthy om!any is an e.citing ill*minating -or0. 1r. )ra+for+s scholarl( 'enchant for fact an+ historical evi+ence ref*tes the claims of those -ho -o*l+ +en( the 're+ominant infl*ence of the Christian faith on the fo*n+ing of the nation. )( +igging +o-n to the original +oc*ments an+ recor+s he sho-s as 7ohn A+ams -rote that the American 'eo'le in the ,eginning Aconnecte+ in one in+issol*,le ,an+ the 'rinci'les of civil government -ith the 'rinci'les of Christianit(.O 2t all ,oils +o-n to the fact that Almight( @ah-eh is the Might( "ne of Segregation -hile

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 6

Satan is the go+ of 2ntegrationK One e!"e /0$e-( 1e2!e2'*.%n 3%! *$e 4$.*e R')e5

#$%& $e '("%)'*e + 'n( F!'n,-.n

Benjamin Franklins Stance On Race In 1751;

Page 7