Khi nim c bn v V-Ray cho Rhinoceros

Khi render hnh nh v i bt k chng trnh no (bao gm c V-Ray Rhino), th chng ta cn phi hiu r 3 yu t c bn tc ng ln mt hnh nh: nh sng, vt liu v map. Trong nh sng l yu t ng vai tr quan trng nht. N c nh hng ti mu sc, bng , phn x, khc x ca tng vt th trong khung cnh cn render. V-Ray cho Rhinoceros (VR) l mt cng c render gi lp nh sng ton cu (GI Global Illumination), m cng c ny s gip ngi s dng c th thit lp nh sng cho khung cnh mt cch d dng v nhanh chng.

Tm hiu nh sng ca V-ray cho Rhino

Render v i thi t lp mc nh: Mc nh ca VR c thit lp nhng thng s mang tch cht chnh xc v c th c s dng bt c lc no. nh sng ny rt tt cho vic render. Tuy nhin khng phi lc no chng ta cng s dng nh sng mc nh. V th, trnh nhng kt qu render vi nh sng khng ng th chng ta hy bt u ty ch nh nh sng vi nhng thit lp cho ring mnh v i. Trong VR c 3 yu t chnh l: Indirect Illumination V-Ray Sun and Sky V-Ray Physical Camera. Ty theo nhng trng hp khc nhau m chng ta s thay i nhng thng s trn cho ph hp v i hon cnh lm vi c ca mnh.

Ca s Render ca V-Ray

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Ty chnh V-Ray cho Rhino

Render v i V-Ray: Render > Current Renderer > V-Ray for Rhino M bng ty chnh V-Ray Render Options: Bng ty ch nh render ca VR ki m sot tt c thng s render. Bn c th open bng ty chnh t V-Ray > Options hoc click trc tip vo icon Save v Load Option settings: Bn c th s dng nhng thng s mc nh hoc load cc thng s nh sng khc cho ra nhng tm hnh c tnh cht khc nhau. Bn cng c th t mnh ci t thng s v save li cho ph hp v i mc ch ca mnh. File thng s V-Ray l file *.visopt c dung lng khong 2KB.

save hay load file *.visopt chng ta m bng V-Ray options > File > Save/Load (chn Defaults s dng thng s mc nh) Hy xem v d di y. Trong v d l mt file Rhino tn Cups - Original.3dm bao gm 3 chic l v mt mt phng rng lm nn. Tt c vt th trong khung cnh u cha c p t bt k vt li u hay nh sng no. Gi th hy render th m hok thay i bt c th g trong V-Ray Options. Bn s c mt kt qu hnh nh c mu xm nh sau.

Gi th hy m V-Ray Options v vo th lnh sau: Global Switches, Environment v Indirect Illumination.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

1. Global Switches: Gi hy b chn Hidden Lights v Default Lights trong phn Lighting. Ty chn Hidden Lights ch php bn s dng lnh Hide n tt c cc n trong khung cnh ang lm vic nhng tt c cc n vn pht sng khi render. Khi khng chn Hidden light na th cc n c n s khng pht sng trong qu trnh render na. Default Lights ngha l s dng nh sng mc nh ca V-Ray. Ngi s dng s khng th nhn thy hoc iu chnh c nh sng mc nh trong khung cnh. Nu b chn Default Lights ngha l tt nh sng mc nh ca V-Ray. i u ny ng ngha vi vic trong khung cnh cn render s ti en nh mc nu khng t n chiu sng khung cnh. Chng ta cng nn chn Low thread priority qu trnh render khng lm nh hng n hot ng ca cc chng trnh khc. 2. Indirect Illumination Gi hy chn On trong th l nh Indirect Illumination. 3. Environment Environment (mi trng) kim sot tng phn, mu sc, cht lng nh sng. Gi hy chn GI v background trong th lnh Environment. Gi hy render th, bn s c mt kt qu hnh nh vi nh sng Global Ilumination. Nu so snh v i hnh render trc , bn s thy hnh nh ln ny c bng d chu hn bi v vt th trong khung cnh nhn c nh sng ph u ln.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Bn cng s thy nh v a render hi ng sang mu hi xanh v nh sng mi trng hi n gi ang l mu xanh l . Click vo mu ti GI (Skylight) c th thy thng s mu nh sng hin ti. Gi th thay i mu nh sng khi ny sang mu trng (RGB 255,255,255) v click OK. Bn s thy kt qu hnh nh c mu trng thay v xanh l.

Hin ti cc vt th trong khung cnh cha c p bt c vt li u no nn khi render cc vt th ny c mc nh p cho mt v t liu tr mu tng. c th p vt li u cho cc vt th bn cn m bng Properties. Cch p vt liu cho vt th trong V-ray 1. Chn v t th (Ctrl+A chn tt c vt th) v m bng Properties (click vo nt nhn F3 hoc g lnh Prop ). Gi hy click chn Plug-in nh bn di. ,

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

2. Click chn nt Browse. Sau hy chn Default_VRay_Material v click Apply.

Nu chn tt c vt th v p cho n vt liu mc nh ca VRay bn s c mt kt qu nh hnh sau.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

3. Gi th vt th c p v t liu ca V-Ray, v th bn c th thy hi u chnh v t li u cho vt th bng V-Ray Material Editor. Click vo nt Edit trn bng Properties hiu chnh vt liu cho vt th.

Ngoi ra bn cn c th m bng V-Ray Material Editor mt cch trc tip bng cch click vo nt trn thanh cng c hoc vo th lnh V-ray > Material Editor.

V-ray Material Editor

V-ray Material Editor gm c 3 phn chnh:

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

A. Marterial Workspace: th hin danh mc cc vt th ang c s dng. Click chut phi vo tn vt li u c th i tn vt liu, xa b, copy (Duplicate), import v t liu c sn hoc export vt liu lu tr. Bn cng c th click chut phi vo thuc tnh ca vt liu (v d nh Emissive Layers, Reflection Layers, Diffuse Layers, Refraction Layers) add thm layer thuc tnh cho vt th. B. Material Preview: cho php ngi s dng xem trc hi u qu ca vt liu bng cch click vo nt Update Preview. C. Material Control: cho php ngi s dng hiu ch nh cc thng s ca cc v t liu trong Material Workspace nh mu sc, bng, phn x, khc x

Diffuse Layers (lp mu cho vt liu) Color: Chn mu cho vt liu. Nt m bn phi mu cho php bn t thuc tnh cho lp mu hoc b mt vt th. Transparency: Kim sot kh nng xuyn sng ca vt liu. en ngha l hon ton cn sng, trng ngha l hon ton trong sut.

Hy nhn nt Update Preview xem th thay i ca vt liu sau khi bn hiu chnh.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

To mt vt liu mi 1. Click chut phi vo Scence Material (trong bng V-Ray Material Editor) v chn Add new Material > Add VrayMtl. 2. Click chut phi vo Scence Material > Import new material (load vt li u c sn t file cc file vt li u nh dng *.vismat). i khi bn khng th load mt s file vt li u c sn v s dng khc phin bn V-Ray vi vt li u . 3. Chn v t th > m bng Properties > Create

Copy, Rename, Export Remove vt liu Trong khung Material Workspace ca Material Editor, chn vt liu bn mun copy, click chut phi > Duplicate. (y cng l mt cch khc to thm v t liu)

Bn cng c th lm cch tng t nu mun i tn (tn phi vit lin nhau), export thng s vt liu (*.vismat) hoc xa vt th. Trong trng hp bn xa mt vt liu no , th tt c cc vt th ang mang vt liu s lp tc c chuyn v vt li u mc nh ca Rhino. V th hy suy ngh tht k trc khi quyt nh xa mt v t liu no . Nhng la chn khc trong Material Editor: 1. Select Objects by materials: gip bn chn tt c vt th ang p vt liu . 2. Apply materials to object(s): p vt li u ln vt th ang c chn. 3. Apply materials to layer(s): p vt liu ln tt c vt th thuc layer hin hnh. Tt c mi v t liu c mt trong bng Material Editor u c th hin ti nt l nh Browse trong bng Properties.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Click phi vo Scence Materials > Purge unused materials remove cc vt liu khng c s dng. Cc vt liu cha c p ln vt th u b xa b, ch co nhng vt liu ang c p ln vt th mi c gi li. Lu : Lnh Undo khng c tc dng i vi cc thay i trong Material Editor.

Cch dng vt liu

1. 2. Gi hy m file Cups - GI.3dm. Chn tt c vt th (Ctrl + A). Trong bng Properties, chn vt material > plug-in > Create to vt liu mi. Material Editor s hin ra mt vt liu mi tn DefaultMaterial trong khung Material Workspace. i tn vt li u mi thnh Ground Khung cnh hin gi ang c bt GI, nh sng GI environment mu trng v background color: en. Trong V-Ray Option ang chn Hidden Lights v tt Default Lights. Mi thng s cn li vn mc nh.

3. 4. 5.

Gi hy chn Diffuse i mu cho vt liu. Chnh mu sang RGB 230,230,230 > OK Click chut phi vo vt li u Ground v chn Duplicate ri i tn thnh Cup Orange Gi th hy chn 3 chic ly p vt liu Cups Orange cho chng (Apply material to object(s))

6. 7.

Chn Diffuse v i mu RGB thnh 255,191,0 > OK Gi th hy Render v bn s thy c kt qu hnh nh nh sau.

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

8.

Chn vt liu Cup_Orange > Duplicate > i tn thnh Cup_Green. i mu trong Diffuse thnh RGB 127,255,178 > OK 9. p vt liu Cup_Green cho mt trong s 3 chic ly. 10. Chn vt liu Cup_Green > Duplicate > i tn thnh Cup_Red. i mu trong Diffuse thnh RGB 255,94,0. 11. p vt liu Cup_Red cho mt chi c ly khc.

12. Gi th bn c 3 chic ly v i 3 mu khc nhau. Hy render th thy hiu qu.

13. To mt vt liu tng t mu trng v p vt liu ny cho mt trong ca chic ly. Render v bn s c mt kt qu nh sau.

10

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

t nh sng
Trong cc v d trc chng ta khng s dng bt k n no c, m ch s dng n c sn. nh sng trong cc render trc y nhn chung th cng kh p, bng cng rt mm mi. Tuy nhin th hin nh sng trong khung cnh theo ng ca mnh, chng ta vn cn nm bt cc bc thi t lp mt ngun sng trong VR. 1. Gi hy click v gi chut to mt n ch nht (Rectangular Light) nh hnh sau.

2. Hy chn mt phng lm vic l mt Top v t n theo cc bc nh sau.

11

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

3. Gi hy chuyn sang mt Front, chn n ch nht va to v ko n ln khong gp 5 ln chi u cao ca chic ly. Nu Render bn s c mt tm hnh rt sng.

Tm nh b chy v chu tc ng ca nh sng qu mnh n t n ch nht va to. Bi v trong bng Properties hin gi n ch nht ny c chn ty chn No Decay. 4. Gi th hy iu chnh ngn n va c to. Click chn n ch nht v m bng Properties > Object > Light. 5. Hy b ty chn No Decay. No Decay s lm cho khong cch t n n vt th tr nn v ngha. V th d ta t n xa hay gn vt th th vt th v n nhn c mt lng nh sng nh nhau. B ty chn Decay s lm cho n tr nn nn m dn, v t no cng gn n th cng sng, cng xa th cng m.

6. Lc ny thng s Multiplier (cng sng) ang l 1. Hy chnh Multiplier sang 4. Render th bn s thy kt qu hnh nh tr nn d chu hn rt nhiu so v i tm nh trc .

12

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Hy so snh nh 2 tm hnh sau thy c tc dng ca thng s Multiplier. Thng s ny cng ln th cng nh sng n khi render s cng ln.

c im ca n ch nht (Rectangular Light)

n ch nht ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong nh sng ca V-Ray. Tuy l mt loi n rt n gi n nhng n li l mt trong nhng thnh t gp phn to ra mt bc nh p. Khng ging nh Spot Light, Rectangular Light khng b chi phi bi gc chiu sng. nh sng ca n ch nht c tc ng ln nhng vt liu phn x (reflective material) v phn chiu nh nh ra xung quanh. Kch thc n Hy xem hai hnh di y thy nh hng ca n ch nht tc ng ln vt th. Kch thc n cng ln th n cng sng.

13

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Bng thay i khi kch thc n thay i n c kch thc ln hn s bao ph mt vng din tch ln hn, v th bng ca vt th cng s m hn khi bn s dng n nh hn. Hy so snh bng ca 2 tm hnh bn di thy s khc bit gia chng khi c chiu sng bi 2 nh n khc nhau. Hnh bn tri c chiu sng mt n ch nht nh hn nn c bng r rng hn.

Nu bn mun i u chnh bng m khng mun tc ng n cng v kch thc ca n, th tt hn ht bn nn thay i n hoc kt hp vi nhng dng n khc. Tc ng ln vt liu phn x v kh nng tng hnh n ch nht c mt ty chn l Invisible. Ty chn ny cho php n ch nht tng hnh trong khung cnh khi render m vn pht sng. Hy nhn hnh bn di. n ch nht bn tri cha c ty chn Invisible v th n xut hin trong hnh sau khi render. B la ca n cng xut hin trn b mt ca cc vt th c vt li u phn x. Cn n ch nht bn phi c chn tng hnh, v th bn khng cn thy n khi render na v n cng chng c t bng la no trn b mt ca vt li u.

14

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

n ch nht mc nh khng c ty chn Invisible. Nu bn mun thy bng la ca n ch nht tc ng nhng khng mun thy n xut hin trong khung cnh render ca bn, bn hy iu chnh camara l i v loi b n ra khoi gc nhn ca camara. Ty chn Double Sided Option n ch nht mc nh ch pht sng 1 mt v mt kia th ti en. Nu bn mun n ta sng mt kia th hy lt ngc n li (lnh Rotate) Nu bn mun n ta sng c 2 mt. Hy chn cho n ty chn Double Sided. Ty chn ny cho php bn to ra mt n ch nht ta sng c 2 mt. Cng ging nh bn to 2 n ch nht bnh thng nm ngc nhau vy. Ty chn Double Sided c dng nhiu khi render cc khung cnh ki n trc, ni tht. Vic ny s gip bn khng cn phi t qu nhiu n nhng vn m bo c nh sng trong khung cnh. Thng thng chng ta cng khng s dng ty chn Double Sided khi render sn phm.

n ch nht mc nh

sau khi c Rotate

v ty chn Double Sided

Hy ch n hng sng, v tr v cng nh sng ca n ch nht bi v chng c nh hng kt qu hnh nh khi render. Nu bn t n qu xa th vt th cn chiu sng c th ch thiu sng. Bn c th gia tng cng sng hoc kch thc ca n gii quyt tnh trng ny. Ngc li, bn cng

15

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

c th gim sng v kch thc n nu bn t n qu gn vt th v lm chy vt th. Bn cn cn bng cc mi quan h gi a kch thc, v tr v cng ca n ch nht c th cho ra mt kt qu render c cht lng tt nht.

Vt liu: Reflection Layer (Lp phn x)

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

16

Trong phn ny chng ta s tm hiu cch to v hi u chnh v t liu phn x. Gi th hy click chn cc ly mu lc trc v click v nt Edit trong bng Properties. Thm l p phn x cho vt liu 1. Trong khung Material Worksppace, click vo du + pha trc vt liu tn Cup_red (vt liu m chng ta to trong phn trc) thy tt c cc lp layer thuc tnh ca vt liu. Click chut phi ln Reflection Layers > Add new layer to thuc tnh phn x cho vt li u. Lc ny bn c th ty chnh phn x cho vt liu ti khung control bn phi.

2. xa b mt l p thuc tnh ca vt th bn click chut phi ln lp thuc tnh bn mun xa v chn Remove. 3. Lp Reflection mc nh c gn cho mt Map Fresnel. Map ny lm cho php vt liu phn x hnh nh xung quang v hnh nh phn x s m dn. Nu chng ta remove Map Fresnel na (chuyn Map ny sang None) th vt li u s phn chiu hnh nh xung quanh m khng quan tm n khong cch. Remove Fresnel v chn mu vt liu l trng, cc bn s c mt vt li u ging nh chrome hoc gng.

4. By gi chng ta s tm hiu nhng c im ca Map Fresnel trong Layer Reflection. gn Map cho Layer Reflection bn click vo ch m bn phi mu Reflection.

17

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

5. Ti Type (cha cc Map) bn co th thy ang hin th Fresnel. Fresnel IOR l thng s ki m sot mc phn x ca Map Fresnel (hay hiu nm na l kim sot mc phn x ca vt liu). Thng s mc nh cho ca Fresnel IOR l 1.55.

6. Nu bn s thy ch m bn phi mu Reflection khi ny tr thnh M. iu ny c ngha l mt trong cc Map mc nh ca tt c vt liu trong bng Material Workspace c kh nng b thay thn s i bi ngi dng (iu ny ch mang tnh ch thch ch khng c ngha g quang trng). By gi hy p vt liu phn x vi 3 mu khc nhau cho 3 vt th khc nhau v bn s c kt qu nh hnh bn tri. 7. Hnh bn tri c render v i thng s Fresnel IOR l 1.55. Hnh bn phi c render v i thng s Fresnel IOR l 2.5. Nu so snh 2 tm hnh bn s thy v t th trong hnh bn tri phn x mnh hn v c c im ging vi kim loi hn. Bn cng c th thy mt s ch phn x trn chic ly c bng en. Nguyn nhn l bng V-Ray Options chng ta ang chn Background Color l mu en. Nu vo V-Ray Options v chn BackGround Coloer l mt mu khc, bn s c c mt kt qu hnh nh v i bng phn x c mu khc.

Fresnel Reflection Phn x l mt trng thi t nhin ca vt liu. Cc loi vt liu khc nhau s c kh nng hp th nh sng v phn x li mt cc khc nhau. Hnh nh phn chiu ca vt th xung quang s thay khi ta thay i gc nhn. Ch s phn x (Index of Reflection - IOR) ch ra mc phn x ca vt liu. Ch s ny cng cao th vt liu cng nhy trong vi c phn x nh sng. Hnh cui cng c render vi IOR cao nht.

18

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Nhng tham s khc ca lp phn x Mi vt liu u c kh nng phn x nh sng. Mt s phn x rt mnh nh gng, inox, chrome nhng s khc li phn x rt yu nh cao su en, sp Nhng iu ny khng c ngha l chng ta phi phi gn l p phn x cho tt c v t li u. iu ny s lm cho dung lng file tng ln v thi gian render cng tng ln ng k. Chng ta khng cn thit gn lp phn x cho cc vt liu phn x qu yu m kt qu phn x ca chng hu nh khng th nhn thy bng mt thng. Reflection Glossiness ( bng b mt) Khng phi vt liu no cng phn x hnh nh xung quanh mt cc r rng. Mt s vt li u nh kim loi m, nha (plastic), g bng chi phn x hnh nh xung quanh mt cch m m. Nguyn nhn l do cc loi vt li u k trn khng c bng b mt hon ho nh kim loi, gng hoc knh. V th hiu qu v t liu s c ki m sot da trn 2 thng s chnh l Hightlight Glossiness v Reflection Glossiness. Gi tr mc nh ca c hai thng s Reflection v Hightlight Glossiness u l 1, iu ny cho php vt liu phn x hnh nh xung quanh mt cch r hon ho. Nu chng ta thng s Reflection Glossiness l mt th chng ta s c mt v t li u c bng cao. Nhng nu chng ta cho Reflection Glossiness l 0 th vt liu s hon ton m (khng cn bng la na) Sau y l minh ha cho mi lin h gi a cc thng s v i nhau.

19

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

20

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Reflection Filter Mu Filter c s dng kim sot mu ca phn bng la trn b mt vt phn x. Mu Filter mc nh l trng. Nu thay i mu Filter ta s thy mu ca bng la trn b mt vt th cng thay i theo. Hi u qu ca mu Filter cn ph thuc vo mc phn x ca v t li u. Vt liu phn x cng mnh th hiu qu ca mu Filter cng r.

Mu Filter c tc ng n hiu qu hnh nh ca vt th, v n to ra cm gic v bng v cng nh sng mi trng xung quanh. Mu Filter sng hn s lm cho v t liu c v bng hn v ngc l i.

21

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Refraction Layer (Lp khc x)

Hy m file "Cups-Refraction.3dm". Chng ta h xem qua cch to v hi u chnh lp khc x. Hy chn ci ly my cam trong file v a m. Trong bng Properties > Material, chn Edit hiu chnh v t liu cho ci ly. To lp khc x (Refraction layer) cho vt liu 1. Hy click vo du + pha trc trn vt liu v click chut phi ln Refraction Layers > Add new layer. Bn s thy thuc tnh khc x (Refraction) xut hi n bn tay phi bng Material Editor.

Hiu chnh cc thng s trong lp Transparency 2. Nu bn thy trong bng Material Preview v t liu khng trong sut nh mong mun, hy kim tra Transparency trong Diffuse. Nu Transparency l mu en th lp khc x Refraction s khng cn tc dng. Hy chuyn Transparency sang trng (iu ny ng ngha v i vic bn to ra mt vt liu trong sut 100%)

3. Gi hy click vo nt Update Preview thy c kt qu va hiu chnh. Bnn cng s thy vt li u trong sut va to khng c mu (l ra phi l mu cam). Nguyn nhn ca hi n tng ny nm Transparency. Khi Transparency 100% trng th mu trong color ca bng Diffuse s khng cn tc dng na. Render v bn s c kt qu nh sau.

22

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Mu sc v vt li u khc x Nu bn mun to gn mu cho mt v t liu trong sut, th cch tt nht l bn i mu Fog Color trong trong bng Refraction. 4. Click ln Fog Color v i mu n cho ging vi Color trong bng Diffuse. Click chn nt Update Preview thy c mt vt liu trong sut c mu .

Nu render bn s thy kt qu nh hnh th 1. Nu hiu chnh tng t ln 2 ci ly cn l i bn s c kt qu nh hnh th 2.

Nu bn chuyn Background Color trong bng Environment (V-Ray Options) t en sang trng, bn s thy mi trng c nh hng nh th no n vt th trong khung cnh v bn s c mt kt qu nh hnh sau.

23

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Khi Background Color l mu en th phn khc x ti trn vt th s ng sang mu en v mu vt th cng ti hn. Khi Background Color c chuyn sang trng th vng khc x ti s sng hn v mu vt th cng ti hn. Hiu chnh thng s Fog (sng m) Hiu qu sng m ph thuc vo 3 yu t: mu Fog Color, thng s Fog Multiplier v kch thc vt th. Trong mu Fog Color ng vai tr rt quan trng. Nu bn chn sai mu cho Fog Color th rt c th hiu qu hnh nh m bn c c s khng c nh mong mun. Tt nht bn nn mu Fog Color tht nh hoc ba ha v mu. Mc ca Fog Multiplier c xc nh bi Fog Color v kch thc vt th. Kch thc v t th cng kh quan trng bi v sng m (Fog) c to dc trn lng nh sng i qua vt th. Vt th cng l n th lng nh sng i qua n cng nhiu v v t th cng nh th vt th i qua n cng t. iu ny cng c ngha l 2 vt th c kch thc khc nhau v c cng mt thng s Fog nhng cha chc g cho ra hiu qu hnh nh ging nhau. Hnh bn l mt v d. 2 v t th u c gn cho thng s vt liu gi ng nhau nhng li cho ra 2 kt qu hnh nh rt khc nhau v vt th bn phi l n hn 4 ln so vi v t th bn tri. Sau y l mt s thng s m kt qu ca chng:
Fresnel IOR 1.55 IOR 1.55 Refract IOR 1.55 Fog Color R244, G250, B230

Fog Multi plier

24

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Fresnel IOR 1.55 IOR 1.55

Refract IOR 1.55 Fog Color R175, G250, B0

Fog Multiplier

Hiu chnh thng s khc x (Refraction) IOR (Index of Refraction) thng s khc x c tnh ton da trn nh sng b khuych tng khi xuyn vt li u trong sut. Thng s IOR mc nh ca l p Refraction l 1.55.

Trc y chng ta cng tng gp thng s IOR trong l p phn x (Refrection). Nhng l thng s phn x. Chng ta khng nn nhm ln gia hai thng s ny v mi thng s kim sot mt thuc tnh khc nhau ca vt liu. Sau y mt s loi v t liu thng dng v thng s khc x tham kho ca chng:
Tn vt liu Chn khng Khng kh Ru qu Kim cng Ngc lc bo
IOR

1.0 1.00029 1.329 2.0 2.417 1.57

Tn vt liu Knh Ha cht Nc Ruby Sapphire Nc

IOR

1.517 1.472 1.309 1.77 1.77 1.33

25

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Ch s Refraction IOR cng tng th khc x cng ln, mc bin dng hnh nh cng cng l n. tinh khit ca lp khc x Cng ging nh l p phn x (Refrection Layer), lp khc x Refraction Layer cng c thuc tnh Glossiness kim sot bng ca vt liu. Nhng im khc nhau nm ch Refrection Glossiness tc dng ti b mt ca vt th, cn Refraction Glossiness s tc dng ln phn trong sut ca vt th, n kim sot tinh khit ca vt liu.

tinh khit ca vt th khc x thng c s dng khi to cc loi knh khc nhau, v d nh knh m (frosted glass). Vt liu s tr nn m hn nu gim thng s Refraction Glossiness, v vt th cng cn tr s xuyn sng nhi u hn (hnh nh pha sau vt th khng cn r rng na). tinh khit mc nh ca lp khc x (Glossiness) l 1.00. Hy tham kho nhng hnh nh bn di thy cc kt qu khc nhau khi tahy i thng s Refraction. V d bn di l kt qu hnh nh v i Refraction IOR l 1.55. Bn cng c th thy tinh khit vt th dn thay i mt cch nhanh chng khi thng s Refraction Glossiness gim t

26

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

0.80 ti 0.75. Trong trng hp thng s Refraction Glossiness l ging nhau th bng vt th s thay i khi ta thay i thng Refraction IOR.

Ch s Glossiness cng gi m th tinh khi t ca vt li u cng s gim theo. Cng ging nh cng thuc tnh sng m (Fog Multiplier) nh hng n s trong sut ca vt th, Refraction Glossiness cng nh hng tinh khit ca vt th. Vt th

cng dy th nh hng ca thuc tnh cng r rng. Hnh nh bn di l v d rt r rng v hiu qu hnh nh ca v t liu c thuc tnh Refraction Glossiness mang li. Vt th cng xa th cng m.

27

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Bng ca vt liu khc x Bn di Fog Color c mt ty chn cho bng vt th khc x - Affect Shadows. Mc nh th ty chn ny khng c chn, v th khi render bng ca v t th khc x lun l mt v t mu xm en. Nu chn ty chn Affect Shadows, bn s thy bng ca vt th s c mu sc v thay i theo trong sut, tinh khit ca v t th. Hy lun chn ty chn Affect Shadows c kt qu hnh nh ging tht hn.

Hy so sng s khc nhau ca 2 hnh nh bn di, hnh bn phi c chn ty chn Affect Shadows.

Ty chn Double-Sided (vt liu 2 mt) Trong bng Material Editor, bn di tab Options, mi vt liu c to ra u c ty chn Double-Sided. Mc nh th ty chn ny lun c bt. Ty chn ny c bi t quan trng i v i vt liu trong sut. Khi b ty chn Double-Sided, phn nh sng xuyn qua phn trong ca vt th s khng c render v hin th bng mu en. Ty chn Double-Sided c s dng to ra nhng loi vt li u m (Translucent Material).

28

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Thng thng bn nn bt ty chn Double-Sided (ch tt ty chn ny khi mun to hiu qu c bit cho vt liu). Ty chn Double-Sided khng nh hng g n bng ca vt th khi render. Vt liu hp th nh sng (Translucent Material) Trong nhng phn trc chng ta tng nhi u ln ni v thng s Transparancy trong tab Diffuse. Vic thay i thng s ny s to ra nhng v t liu cho nh ng i qua vi nhiu mc khc nhau (trng l 100% trong sut, en l 100% c, cn sng hon ton). Chng ta cng c th to ra mt vt liu xuyn sng m bng cch thay i mu ca Transparancy trong khong gi a en v trng. Nhng trong phn ny chng ta s tho lun v mt loi vt liu xuyn sng khc. l loi vt liu cho php nh sng i qua m m nhng li khng cho php ngi xem nhn thy hnh nh pha sau v t liu , vt liu ny cn gi l vt liu hp th nh sng. Hy m file Translucency.3dm v render th. tm hnh bn tri bn s thy phn mt ngoi ca khi c nhng ch ti hn ( chnh l ni giao nhau ca cc khi). Nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny l do ni giao nhau ca cc khi tr nn dy hn so v i phn cn li ca khi, v th nh sng i xuyn qua n cng t hn. Kch thc vt th quyt nh mc hp th nh sng ca v t liu.

to ra nhng vt li u c tnh cht hp th nh sng, cc bn phi qun l cc thng s Translucency trong tab Refraction cua vt liu.

29

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Trc tin hy click chn thuc tnh Translucent. Thickness l thng s kim sot lng nh sng m vt li u cho php i qua. Nhng n v tnh ca thng s Thickness khng c r rng l m nn tt hn ht chng ta nn thng s nh mc nh. to vt liu xuyn sng bn ch nn thay i cc thng s sau: 1. Bn nn chn ty chn Double-Sided (Material Options). Ty chn ny ng vai tr quan trng nht trong vic to ra v t liu xuyn sng. 2. Thng s IOR (Refraction) l . 3. Gim thng s Refraction Glossiness xung di 1. 4. Khng c s dng mu trng cho mu Transparency (Diffuse) v n s lm cho vt liu tr nn hon ton trong sut. Chng ta cng khng nn s dng mu en cho m ny. V n s khng cho nh sng i qua. Nn chnh thng s ny trong khong 80 150 c c kt qu tt nht. Loi vt liu ny ph hp m phng: sp, da, sa, ph ma, nha, cm thch nhng li vt liu c kh nng hp th nh sng v cho nh sng i qua nh. Vt liu loi ny c to ra nh s hp th nh sng ca b mt vt liu, v th mu sc ca vt liu s m hn mu tht ca n. Trong thng hp bn cho mu rt sng nhng vn c kt qu ti th hy ki m tra v tng cng chiu sng ca n trong khung cnh. Bn di y l mt s v d:

30

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Emissive Materials (Vt liu pht sng)

Gi hy m file Cups-Emissive.3dm v chng ta s tm him cch to ra mt vt liu t pht sng. Hy chn ci ly xanh l bn tay phi. Trong bng Properties (F3), chn Material > Edit m hp thoi vt liu (Material Editor) To lp pht sng Click vo du + pha trc vt li u tn Cup_Green thy c cc lp layer n bn di. Click chut phi vo Emissive Layer v chn Add new layer. Bn s thy thuc tnh pht sng xut hin bn tay phi.

M bng Emissive. Color mc nh l mu trng, cng mc nh l 1 v mu Transparency l en. Click vo nt Update Preview bn s thy v t vt liu trng tot. Nu p vt liu ny cho chic ly mu xanh l v render bn s c kt qu nh hnh bn di.

Vt liu pht sng c th lm vt th tr thnh mt ngun sng. N khng b gii hn v hnh th nh n ch nht. Bn c th to ra vt th pht sng v i bt c hnh th no m bn mun. Vt li u pht sng ph hp to ra nhiu loi vt liu nh bng n trn, bn ng, n neon, hp n, mn hnh tivi, din thoi Tuy nhin chng ta khng th ly vt liu pht sng lm ngun sng chnh cho khung cnh c. Nu bn ang s dng camera v t l (physical camera) cho khung cnh, th bn nn lu rng vt liu pht sng ca bn s ti hn d ki n. Camera v t l v camera thng thng Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

31

to ra nhng kt qu hnh nh khc nhau. Hy chnh cho v t liu ca bn sng hn mt cht trong trng hp bn render v i camera vt l. Chng ta s ni r hn v camera vt l trong nhng phn sau. Hiu chnh cng pht sng Thng s mc nh ca cng pht sng l 1(Intensity). Hai hnh bn di l kt qu hnh nh ca cng phat sng l 3 v 5.

Hiu chnh mu pht sng Mu mc nh ca lp pht sng l mu trng. Bn c th thay i mu pht sng bng cch click vo mu Color. Nhng hy lu rng, nu cng pht sng qu mnh th sau khi render v t liu s tr thnh mu trng, mt i mu sc ban u ca n. V th nn bn khng nn s dng vt li u pht sng lm ngun chiu sng chnh ca khung cnh. Bng bn di l kt qu hnh nh v i nhng cng pht sng khc nhau. Bng cch iu chnh mu Transparency ngay bn di mu Color, bn vn c th gi li mu sc cho vt th. V d khi cng pht sng l 2, th vt th chuyn sang mu trng, nhng nh sng m n ht xung nn vn ng sang mu vng.

32

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

 trnh trng hp vt liu chuyn sang mu trng, bn nn chn cc thng s nh trn. p hnh nh ln lp pht sng Ngoi vic chn mu cho vt liu pht sng, bn cn c th p mt hnh nh bt k ln vt li u pht sng ca bn. 1. Click vo nt m bn phi mu Color. 2. B hiu chnh vt liu b mt (Texture Editor) s hin ra. Ti bng Type chn ty chn Bitmap. Bn s thy cc thuc tnh cuua3 ty chn Bitmap xut hin.

3. Click chn nt m bn trong box Bitmap v ch ng dn n hnh nh bn mun p ln vt th. Sau nhn nt Update xem trc kt qu > Apply. Gi th bn gn cho vt liu mt hnh nh b mt.

33

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

4. Hy nhn vo nt Update Preview nu bn mun xem vt li u trc khi p vt liu cho vt th. Sau khi p v t liu v render, bn s c mt kt qu hnh nh nh sau.

Hy l u rng: Khi bn p mt hnh nh ln b mt vt liu pht sng th mu Color v cng Intensity s khng cn tc dng na, bn khng th dng 2 thng s ny kim sot sng ca vt liu c na. Nu mun iu chnh, bn phi quay li nt M khi ny m hp thoi Texture Editor v hiu nh sng y. Bn cng hi u chnh tng t nh trn cho cc ty chn khc trong Texture Editor. Click chn nt M v tr l i bng Texture Editor. Hy c bit ch n cc thng s bn di y. Chng rt quan trng trong vic kim sot hnh nh b mt v t th. Multipler: Kim soat cng pht sng ca hnh nh. Mc nh thng s ny l 1. Khi tng thng s ny ln pht sng, tng phn, gam mu (color tone) cng tng theo. Preview s khng c s thay i ng k no nu thng s Multiplier qu nh. Blur: Kim sot m nhe ca hnh nh b mt. Thng s mc nh l 0.15. Nu thng s ny bng 0 th hiu ng Blur mt tc dng (hnh nh s ko b lm m) . Override: iu chnh gi tr bc x nh sng. Khi tng thng s ny ln, hnh nh s sng hn. Tham s ny cng kh quan trng trong vic kim sot s truyn sng. Tile: Kim sot s l p li ca hnh nh trn b mt vt th. Mc nh th thng s ny c chn. Nu b ty chn ny, bn s thy hnh

34

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

nh s khng c l p li trn b mt vt th na, trn b mt vt th ch cn duy nht mt nh. UVW Repeat: Quyt nh s ln l p li ca hnh nh trn b mt v t th. UVW Rotation: Quyt nh gc xoa ca hnh nh i vi b mt vt th.

Vic chnh nh sng mi trng ti i khng h nh hng g n vt li u pht sng c. Loi vt liu ny c kh nng t pht sng m khng cn n s h tr ca ngun sng t bn ngoi. Sau y l mt s v d v vt liu pht sng.

Texture Mapping (Hiu chnh hnh nh b mt)

Hiu chnh hnh nh b mt Khng phi lc no chng ta cng c th s dng lp phn x (Reflection Layer) v l p khc x (Refraction Layer) to vt liu. Phn ln cc loi vt li u u c to ra bng cch p mt hnh nh m phng vt liu ln trn b mt v t th. V d nh: , bao b, vi hoa vn, g, gch chng ta cn mt nh chp m phng nhng v t li u ny.

35

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Hy m file Teapot Matte.3dm. Render th bn s thy hnh nh ca mt m tr. m tr ny c b mt kh bng do c gn ln mt vt li u phn x (Reflection Layer). Hnh nh bn phi l kt qu render sau khi p mt nh m phng ln b mt m tr. S khc nhau gia 2 hnh ny l rt r rng.

1. u tin bn click chn m tr. Trong bng Propertues (F3) chn Material, click Edit m hp thoi Material Editor. Ti tab Diffuse, click vo nt m bn phi mu Color. Sau khi bng Texture Editor m ra, ti Type, bn chn bitmap.

Hnh nh p ln vt th khng nht thi t phi nm dng *.bitmap, c th l nhng dng file hnh nh khc nh *.jpe, *.png 2. Trong box Bitmap chn nt m v ch ng dn n mt hnh nh no . Click Update xem trc nh.

36

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

3. Render v bn s thy mt kt qu hnh nh l mt m tr c hnh nh trn b mt. Tuy nhin lc ny hnh nh vn cha c hiu chnh UV nn kt qu m chng ta thy vn c cha c nh mong mun. 4. Click chn ci m tr, trong bng Properties chn Texture Mapping hi u chnh nh bitmap.

5. Hy bt ty chn Show advanced UI v click chn nt Add to ra mt knh hiu chnh mi (channel).

6. Trong Projection, i ty chn Surface thnh Planar. Click chn nt Show Mapping thy c mi quan h ca nh bimap i v i vt th. nh bitmap nguyn bn c th hin di dng cc chm lin tip nhau.

37

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

7. Render bn s c c mt kt qu nh hnh bn di. Lc hnh nh bitmap ang c ph u vt th theo phng t trn xung di.

Nu thay i gc ca nh bitmap, chng ta s c mt kt qu hnh nh khc. Bn di box Rotation, chnh trc xoay X thnh -90, sau c click chut ra ngoi. Lc ny bn c th thy nh bitmap nguyn bn (cc chm lin tip nhau) xoay mt gc 90 . Lc ny nh bitmap s c ph u ln vt th theo phng t trc ra sau.

Cc dng th hin ca nh bitmap 38 Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

nh bitmap c th c ph ln b mt vt th theo nhiu dng khc nhau: dng phng, ph theo b mt, dng hp, lng tr, khi cu, hnh chp (Planar, Surface, Box, Spherical, Cylindrical, Capped cylindrical). Khi thay i kiu bao ph ca nh bitmap i v i vt th th kch thc ca nh bitmap cng thay i da trn n v o ca vt th. Hy chn Show Mapping thy c dng th hin ca nh bitmap nguyn bn. trong ca s lm vic (Viewport) chng ta c th chn ri di chuyn, xoay v thay i kch thc cho nh bitmap nguyn bn (lnh move, rotate, scale). Khi hnh bitmap nguyen bn thay i th hnh nh trn b mt v t th cng thay i theo. Mt nh bitmap c th c ph ln v t th theo nhiu cch khc nhau cng mt lc thng qua cc knh hiu chnh (channel). Bng cch click vo nt Add trong bng Properties>Texture Mapping, bn c th to ra mt knh hiu chnh nh bitmap mi. Chn nt Edit chnh s knh bitmap tc dng ln vt th. Dng nt Delete xa bt knh bitmap. Cc thng s cn cn l i bao gm: Position (v tr), Rotation (gc xoay), Size (kch thc), UVW offset, UVW Rotation v UVW repeat (hiu chnh kch thc, gc xoay, s ln lp li ca nh bitmap) Trong bng Material Editor>Texture Editor, bn c th chn knh hiu chnh cho mi nh bitmap m bn mun lm vi c. Bn di y l 4 v d cho 4 loi hnh bao ph bitmap ln vt th.

Box

Spherical

Cylindrical

Planar

Bn c th hiu chnh hnh dng cho khung th hin bitmap (cc chm mu lin tip nhau) bng cch nhn F10 v thay i cc nt iu chnh (control point).

39

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

Bump Maps (To li lm b mt vt th)

Cch To hiu ng li lm Mc d v i cch p nh bitmap ln b mt vt th bn c th m phng hu ht cc loi vt liu. Tuy nhin i v i mt s loi vt li u nh: g, nn gch, t , mt nc, da chng ta cn to li lm b mt c kt qu hnh nh ging tht hn. 1. Click chn m tr v m bn Material Editor hiu chnh li lm b mt cho n. Bn di tab Maps, bt ty chn Bump v click chn nt m m bng Texture Editor. Trong bng Texture Editor, chn ty chn Bitmap cho Type.

2. Trong box Bitmap, click chn nt m v ch ng dn n nh bitmap dng lm Bump map. (Bump bitmap thng l nh trng-en-xm)

3. Sau khi ch ng dn n nh bitmap, nu nh Bump bitmap ging vi nh Diffuse bitmap th bn phi cc thng s U,V Repeat ti UVW Transform ca chng l nh nh nhau. V d: nu Diffuse Map c U: 2 v V: 2 th bn cng phi chnh cho nh Bump Map c U: 2 v V: 2. iu ny khng c ngha l 2 nh bitmap ti hiu ng Bump v hiu ng Diffuse lc no cng phi gi ng nhau. Multiplier l thng s kim sot mc li lm ca b mt vt th da trn nh Bump bitmap. Nu thng s ny qu nh hoc tng phn v sc ca nh bitmap qu

40

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit

thp th bn s khng thy c hiu qu li lm. Ngc li nu thng s Multiplier qu cao s lm cho vt th ca bn tr nn gi to, thiu thc t.

Vt th trong nh bn tri ch mi c p 1 nh Diffuse bitmap ln bn mt, v th b mt ca n rt trn nhn, bng la ca n cng rt r rng v sc nt. Ngoi Diffuse bitmap, vt th trong nh bn phi cn c p thm mt nh bitmap cho hiu ng Bump, v th b mt vt th xut hin cc vt li lm da theo hnh nh ca Bump bitmap.

41

Hng dn Vray for Rhino dch v chnh sa: Nguyn Minh Trit