Professional Documents
Culture Documents
"
,
, ,
" .
- - ,
,
" . 1
"
6810 / 97
' 2
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
. ,
, "
" ( " : " ) .
, , ,
" " (
) - , - :
, .
*
. ,
.
226
, , -
, ,
- ,
.
.
: ,
; ,
- :
,
,
; ,
.
.1
, ( " : " ) ,
( )
.
,
( " : " ) ,
- , ,
,
, ( ) ,
,
,
, :
, ,
,
" ( 1972 - " : " ) .
" -
3
, 2 '
. 377
227
,
,
. - ,
, ,
- - ,
, - ' ,
"' .
, ,
: ,
: 4
" , ' ,
- : , '
, . . .
, - -
' " .
,
, , : 5
" .
' ' ; , . . .
- -
.
-
,
, ,
" , 1995 - .
. . . , , -
- -
, ,
" .
,
, :
4
5
, ' . 378
, ' . 379 - 378
228
?
.2
. 6 , ,
. 7
, ,
,
. 9
6
( ) : ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
(Jrises - Comparative Perspective : CiviI Jastice
of
( Procedare (Oxfordt ed . by A .A .S . Zuckerman , 1999
, ,
) 6 ( 10 ' ,
.
, 11 ' ,
( : ' " - :
" [ " ] ) 166 , 155 ,
( : ' "
" [ " ] ) 251 , 243 ,
, , .
.
9
, , ,
24 :
]0
proceedings .
]0
6 means for6 ] 0 6604 , thr~ ugh special pruvisions ,00] shall be ,6 ) 3 ( The
% 84
befole
defence
) 4 ( The law lays down the conditions and means for obtaining reparation for judicial
.
:
4 Prvcedure ,)
" ] 0] 50
)618 ]10
"
5.
229
. - ,
, , lo (-older
) 1 ( 6 . l irey
~
. , Airey , ,
,
,
,
,
. ,
, - ,
,
) 1( 6
, , 2
merely
! :
)0
)0
understood
, ,
, ,
" " . ,
) 0
( ) ! 975
11
( ) 1979
. 1 4 , 86 ] . ( Golder " U. K. ! 5 :
. 8 . 8 . 305 keland 2 8 . ( Airey :
Golder
Airey
. ( Golder case
.
(Airey 0850
, Airey
2 ) 1984 ( 88 ; T.P.
13
) ; ) ! 980 ( 250
couns - The:
Whyte
Human Rights
~ Convention
1 ) ! 992 ( 52 Law " 14 Dublin ] 1
12
, .
] 6 Dublin
0. :
, Whyte, " ,
80
, ! 977
. 77
"
LIg . 8 '
. 91 ] . ! ! ' 0
91
'
vadnr 'osvo
,=
,
!
9 ) 1(
kUUC
aut )
UL CQ :
QXL
4 uectcu 4 QLcu ) 1 4
Lau 4 )
~ 4 ) 4 aul 04011 caa 4 udckl
41 uu ueku u kuwa a c u 4 " cau 4SLCNLU " 4 4) 4 U4
,CL ] ] ) 41
~
~
4 USN QULICQ
4) 4
ULCU
4 UC ka 44 USLQ LuLNr
~
~
) !UULLCL 444 ' " 4 ) ) ] 1 4 QUQLU *
"
KLCNLU
..
e4Q ) 4
U LU
4 ) 4 uul~
4 4
"
4 NUCC
9 )1(
] 4 CUdL~ Q
NUL~ Q
L
14 ) cack
, Uk ,l uu kL L LCS ' 4 QCQuu 1 CLU~ 4 *4tkeu 4 KLCNLU
cc~ u uu Ga ' ~
~
~ NkCL 4
CCLU 103 !
c cQ NUL ) 444 4 ) ) CC~ CL4 CLkkl
~
( Q4
Q ' L CLLL CUKLLCLU
KSU~ UXL
~ * UXL skkka 4LkL kkktkt
UUkkCU
Q ~ LK
Xkt KSUk
KUSQ
k~
~
4 LLC
LU
44 ) ' ULLL
](
( QQ LQ
(
~
14
UUk~ C ~QLCUUI
UU
,C
UUkkt )
CkU
"
QLL
C
~
14
,)
L CL
4) 4
u aa tu UQLU
~ , kU~ QCLCLUt
4 4 )4 ) .
~
C~ Ck c u uu~ aa UfCLU
QktkkU
QCLC
KLULU
CGQ
, LUQ '~
K4
LCkkU lackkkU ~ cuu
~ t
41
4nLCNLU
Lkl~
L nL Q
) 4
C4
GC QKLCNLU
ICLU Utk
L NUQ 14 QQ
kU
~O
' 4
, ,
"
ULC C Q KLCLU
dlkLLU
"
4c
C4u
NLLQ ~
4 "
,, Q~ '
KSUQ
) Q4k
LCk
4 ua cc
' ,,
318(
0 2 01 1 IIgIOOS 80
01 ( 0
A~ OIA ! 5 03 01 ssgaa 30
. - . 0040
slql
I~ oI. 1 alogql
44
KILUL
- 0 qi ?
v 0
3 siq
eLLL 41
4 ) 1
gJE
p3
ue Ie Va Jd
LCQ
CQcuc
C4k
tk C U QLQI uwkkk
) 4'
SLLQQ
C4
X ~ UL
q y 0 0 05
~
8
038
! 7
1 10 016 luounuold
42 3
008782 0 pgpuglU!
ST
VelnallJed
~
130511
00 gql , ,
. CU
~
- 4 ) 4 ) ) ( '
103 !
'
4 QECQ
SL '
CK
c~ u
ULkl
41
Q4U
C
4 ust
~ nsuu 4 * )
aLCLU urkeu
4 , uQ aa ( c~ u ~ urcku
~
4u
LCLkLU NLQ . c~
4 )
Q4
UU L
CLLC
. , , 0
gql ! digq 0[ eloggo ue
(0
C, "
C , U QUItGQ
"
01
CLLIt
'
0 oseo
luGu ulodde 01 30
0)
QkUL
4 )
LUU LU '
0 uo elugsgJd
s ulpoooold~ Jgdnoqo
~ 1 30 0 osl~
pue poglldw s 30 u4
o)onpo u1
gq
"'
~
50 sunau
~
uo lUgpugdgp
8 8201 ( 0
. 518%
wolsKs
005 1 pgAOWOJ
0 p[noo
)))
kckl
231
)0
15
rendered compulsory, as
15
couft
, ,
, .
) 1 ( 6
Airey
, 6 .
YAirey
. ,
,
,
)1
dtirey
Airey
. , ,
,
)2
" ,
. , -
)3
)1( 6 .
" ,
.
.
1963
, ,
, , ,
8
16
17
0 )0
,600
( 1995
supra
; 11
; 136
] 10871 / 84
268 :
. 8 . 1 ) . Sweden ) 1985 ( 8 5 .
1998
18
( ) 1972
10594 / 83 Munno
.
( ) 1963
. 5 . 335
. 5 . 25
Harris IAVW of
.7 .
Hamlin 407
1972
Argersin er :
, ~
232
( ) -
) Due Process
- , ,
9 . ,
- .
2e
odd
" "
, Harlan ,
" " ( Due Process ) 2 ,
, . ,
= "
:
)1
,
)2
. 22
, ,
Bodkiie
" " ,
.
)3
, ,
- : '
" :
" ( " ) 557
civil Litigation 66 Cohm. ]. Re~ 1322 ) 1966( : . The Ridht )0 Counsel
19
20
( 371 ) 1971
u .s .
( :
Indigents Af er
~ 1 ( .
] Rev
21
'40
~
(1011 , 397 U . S . 254 ) 1970
22
rvandI
ttThe Heirs of
spstor
supra note 20 .
0856 ,
]]
Lafi~nce
A . B.
] 7~ ] ) 1971 ( 487 ; RL .
.905 .
KeJly :
Goldhel
~
%
233
, : ,
)4
23
" "
, .
, , ,
)5
24
Due ProcesY-
.
( )
" " (
) ,
-
) (DIIe Process
Douglas -8. 8 0
]
88 , 8 !6
) ( Equal Protection
.
Black ,
Boddie
26 ,
27
1 Streater
. 281
"
, , .
( ) , , Burge
~
~ Due Process - .
, Bodklie
,
23
24
25
26
27
. 376 . 1614
379 .
81
1614
. 5 . 936 ) 1971 ( .
) 12 * ed . , 1991 ( 860 .
. 5 . 434 ) 1973 ( :
2
IdCraw Meltzer
Gunter Constiavtional
Kras 4
~W
tu~ s.
0.
( 656 ) 1973
28
: Onwein
, Schwab 410 )1 . 5 . ? ,
.
. 5 . 1 ) 1981 ( . Liale " Stltater, 452
234
)1
" "
) ( Quasi Criminal
.
" "
)2
- , ,
,
)3
.Boddie
, ,
. -
)1
(
)2
" " ) .
.
)3
. -
- .
) 4 ( , ,
) , ,
.
)5
.
.3
, ,
, " -
22
1961 :
" -
,
" .
235
. 29
,
, , ,
. ,
,
63
. 30
[ ] ,
" , 1984 - ,
. -
? ,
, ! . 3
: 32
"
, . ,
; , ,
" "
"
. ,
, ,
,
- " .
29
: "
30
31
32
515 / 74
' "
"
( ) 2
, 169
; 171
"
. 751
717 , 661
, ,
, : ' ( 37 ) 1997
' " " ( " ) 313
236
33
, ,
.
.
, " , 1995 -
. 34
. ,
33
34
, 7
( " ; ) 1985 - '
( " ; ) 1983 - , , 31
' . 119 - 116
' ' "
" , 2 ] 5 2000
" , ' ,
: "
..
.
' , ,
" "
' ( )
- ,
, ,
3823 / 99
. 8 . 5 . 2000
35
.
1966 Act 1966 -
- ]0 ( Office For Economic 0 ( 'OEO " :
,
".
"
1 ] , Economic
t
(
) ,
080 -
88 ] - ,
: ' " " ( " ) , 146 , 145 :
" State
] ; % 1 ) 1966 ( ] 10
!0
4 38
Lega] Services1
( - Equal Access !0 Justice Act ) 1985 ,
The :
( -) .
237
, " , . . .
" .
36
37
' ) ,
38
, ,
,
40
,
" 1973 -
( " : " ) ,
' .
4
, " " ,
Analysis and Explanation of the Equal Access 10 Justice Act " 19 Ariz.
)8 "
L.L . 11111
) 1987 ( 229 .1 70
, -
36
37
39
38
thelUnited ingdom
Framework
;: Analysisl; oftheLegal
' "
40
1JPersons : 4.61801
. . .
" , ,
, , -
( ) 1 .
( ) 2 .
( ) 3 , .
( ) 4 ,
.
( ) 5 -
41
.
( ) 1 ( ) 4 ,
( ) 3 ) 5 ( - - ".
, , 35 ' : 167 - 166
"
,
'
,
. ..
238
:
42 ,
. 43 ,
, ,
,
44
( , ) 2
, ,
45
46
( )
47
( ) ,
( ) , 48
. 49
, ,
,
.
,
" -
42
43
, ( )
" .
1 ,
.
5 , :
, " , 1995 - ,
, , , ,
; ,
( , , " , 1975 -
, " , 1961 - , " ; ) 1963 -
( ) ;
, , , ;
" 1972 -
44
45
46
47
48
.
6 .
3 .
4 .
" ; 1965 -
5
4 : "
" ( . 167 ) 1
49
, " , 1950 - ,
383 / 81
' " , ,
239
50
( )
51
: , , 35 '
: 168 - 167
50
2000
20 % -
" , , -
. , ,
. , -
- ,
.
51
" .
, - , " 1995 -
, ( )
.
, " " .
" "
-
, "
" " " (
- ,
) ,
" : " ( ) " " -
.
,
" " " " ( ) .
" : " " - " , "
- ( ) " , " " -
240
( )
" . ,
, , .
,
52
-
,
,
)1
, ,
, , ,
.
)2
, ,
. ,
.
, - :
, ,
53
, .
- : ?
,
) - - ,
, - ,
, -
52
" . 25 . 2. 2000 ,
53
: '
"
,
- :
' ' , "
- " , ' ( " ,
: ) ; 432 , ' " ,
, ' " - "
( ' - , " - " ) 400 - 399 , 375 , , 7
' . 168
- : , (
) ,
241
, , - :
54
, -
- :
,
) " " -
- :
, ( )
55
, - ,
54
( " )
. 271
( ; 501 ) 5
"
4541 / 94
55
56
,
:
4 - :
"
" .
, , ,
: ' " -
57
: "
(. 65 ) 1999
, " 1554 / 95 ' , " , 26 - 25 , 2 ) 3
- :
" : .
. ,
, - : .
, , ,
? ' ' . . .
,
" ( - . ) : , , 53 ' " : 423
..
, ,
, "
' ' " ' , , : '
' ( , " ,
) 931 - 930
242
58
,
( ) , , :
, - !
58
59
' ' - ,
, ( : ,
, ) .
' - - .
: ' - " " , , 53 '
: 339
" , , ,
, -
, -
- , - -
,
. . , ,
- , ,
, . . .
,
"
59
. , - ,
, - , ,
' " .
: " 733 / 95 " ' " , " ( ) 3, 629 , 5
" , -
- - . ,
. -
-
- -
, ,
.
' :
' ( , ) :
- , -
- - , - -
- , ~ raison d' etre -
, ,
. . -
" .
243
) - -
,
( )
, , ,
- : . 60
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
!6
,
, .
62
? ,
63
" - ,
60
" : "
( " ) 205
(
61
)
-
, , 53 ' 398 ,
62
, , 2 '
378
244
,
,
. ' ' ( , )
" .
.
,
, ,
,
,
,
64
, .
- :
65
.
,
, . ,
-
,
,
,
64
65
"
) ,
,
, ,
245
, ,
.
.
,
,
. ,
, .
.
. , -
, ,
. ,
)1( :
; ( ) 2 ,
; ( ) 3 , ,
, ,
, .
,
,
,
.
, " : '
' ; , . . .
- " . 66
,
, ,
"
( ) , ,
66
, , . 2
246
, , ,
, "
" .
, , ,
) .
,
,
" " ,
.
, ,
" "
,Boddie ,
" " . ,
,
,
(
, .
" "
, ,
,
.
, , : ,
247
, ! ,
. ,
- : . ,
,
,
.
, " " ,
, .