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Doko - VN 4312 Giao Trinh Excel Nang Cao
Doko - VN 4312 Giao Trinh Excel Nang Cao
Mc lc........................................................................1
Bi 1: Tn v s dng tn............................................4
Tn ct, tn dng v tn t t trong cc cng thc.........................4
Quy nh chung v t tn.................................................................4
Thao tc t tn..................................................................................4
t tn cho mt , mt vng ................................................................4
t tn cho cng thc, cho hng s.........................................................5
i tn......................................................................................................6
t tn xuyn qua nhiu bng tnh dng tham chiu 3-D.......................6
Thit lp tham chiu ca tn....................................................................7
Bi 2: Lc d liu..........................................................9
I.s dng chc nng lc t ng Autofilter....................................9
1.Tm s ln nht, nh nht......................................................................9
2.Lc cc trng, khng trng.................................................................9
Lc cc gi tr ln hn b hn mt gi tr cho trc...............................10
Lc gi tr bng, khc mt gi tr cho trc............................................10
Lc cc dng cha mu t cn tm.........................................................11
Lc cc mu t l phn u, phn cui ca mt xu.............................11
Lc mc cao.....................................................................................12
1.iu kin lc........................................................................................12
Thit lp iu kin lc............................................................................12
V d:............................................................................................13
V d:...........................................................................................13
V d:...........................................................................................13
iu kin lc trn nhiu dng...............................................................13
Cc k t i din trong iu kin..........................................................14
cc hm CSDL...................................................................................16
1.Khun dng chung..............................................................................16
Cch dng cc hm CSDL......................................................................16
To lp bng xoay.............................................................................23
1.Bo co bng PivotTable.....................................................................23
Vng d liu to PivotTable Report bt buc phi c dng u tin l
tiu . y chnh l dng cc trng tham gia vo cc vng c bn
ca PivotTable Report. Nu trng tham gia vo vng Data l trng
s th hm c to tnh ton l tng, cc trng hp cn li hm
c tnh ton trong vng Data l m (Count).................................23
Bo co PivotChart.................................................................................26
Chn cc vng d liu ngun khc nhau cho PivotTable\PivotChart......26
Chn cc vng d liu ngun khc nhau cho bo co...........................27
Cp nht bng xoay...............................................................................27
Xa mt bo co bng xoay...................................................................27
Kch bn d bo................................................................................39
1.Kch bn (scenario) l g......................................................................39
To kch bn...........................................................................................39
Thay i gi tr cc ..............................................................................42
Lp bo co tng kt..............................................................................43
Hin th bo co.....................................................................................44
Bi 7: S dng Solver........................................................................48
I.Cc khi nim c bn v Solver......................................................48
1.Solver l g?.........................................................................................48
Lp v gii bi ton bng Solver............................................................48
Thm, bt, thay i cc rng buc trong Solver....................................50
To bo co li gii................................................................................50
Bi 1: Tn v s dng tn
Tn ct, tn dng v tn t t trong cc cng thc
- Bng tnh gm 256 ct, t tn l A, B, C,... ln lt t tri qua phi v 16.834
hng nh s l 1, 2, 3,... t trn xung di. Trong khng k dng tn ct trn
cng v ct s th t hng tri cng. Gia cc hng v ct c cc ng li lm
ranh gii.
- Cc hng v ct giao nhau to thnh cc . Mi l mt n v d liu x l
ca Excel. Mi c xc nh bng a ch gm tn ct v s th t hng to ra n.
V d l giao ca ct A v hng 1 c a ch (gi) l A1. a ch ca mt khi lin
tc hnh ch nht vit bng: a ch u : a ch cui, v d a ch khi cc
A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4 vit A1:C4.
Quy nh chung v t tn
Tt c cc tn u bt u bng mt ch ci, mt du cho ngc (\) hoc du
gch di (_).
Cc ch s v cc k hiu c bit c th c s dng.
Cc ch n, tr ch R v C c th dng t tn.
Cc v tr trng nn thay bng du gch di.
Thao tc t tn
t tn cho mt , mt vng
Excel cung cp vi cch thc t tn cc v cc vng. Nhng cch d
nht v thng l nhanh nht t tn cc v min n gin l bng cch
s dng hp Name. Hp Name l hp nu a ch ca hot ng, xut hin
u tri ca thanh Formular, ngay di thanh cng c Formatting.
t tn cho mt , mt vng hy theo cc bc sau y.
Chn hoc vng
Nhp hp Name, Excel s i thnh hp vn bn bin tp c v lm ni
sng, a ch (ca hot ng).
G tn bn mun s dng vo hp Name.
i tn
- Ta c th thay i tn bng cch bn hy chn Insert/Name/Define. Khi
Excel hin th hp thoi Define Name (Hnh 1-2), hy chn tn mun i t hp
danh sch Names In Workbook, sau bn thay i tn bng cch s dng hp
vn bn Names In Workbook v thc hin cc thay i cho a ch khong
hoc , s dng hp vn bn Refers To, v nhp OK.
Hnh 1-2: i tn
Cch 2:
+ Chn lnh Insert\Name\Paste. Trong hp thoi Paste Name s xut
hin:
+ Chn tn khi
+
Chn nt OK
Hnh 1-4
8
Hnh 1-5: Bng tnh s dng cng thc t nhin tnh
tin li nu trong cc B4, C4, D4
Bi 2: Lc d liu
I. s dng chc nng lc t ng Autofilter
Bi en CSDL
Vo Menu Data/Filter/AutoFilter. Excel s t ng chn nhng mi tn th
xung (Drop - Down arrows) vo bn pbi ca cc tn trng trong
CSDL.
Kch vo mi tn ti ct cha d liu dng lm tiu chun lc.
(Hnh 2-1)
Chn mt trong cc la chn ti Drop - Drown menu:
1. Tm s ln nht, nh nht
Sp xp trng cn tm theo gi tr gim dn hoc tng dn
Kch vo mi tn th xung: Chn gi tr ln nht hoc gi tr nh nht
Nhn Enter
2. Lc cc trng, khng trng
a.Lc cc trng
Kch vo mi tn th xung: Chn Blank: Ch hin nhng bn ghi trng.
Nhn Enter
Lc cc khng trng
Kch vo mi tn th xung: Chn Nonblank: Ch hin nhng bn ghi khng
trng.
Nhn Enter
Lc cc gi tr ln hn b hn mt gi tr cho trc
Kch vo mi tn th xung. Chn Customers:Xut hin hp thoi Custum
AutoFilter
10
a.Lc gi tr bng:
Chn trong hp pha trn bn tri equals
Chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn phi ca hp hi thoi
Nhn OK
Lc cc gi tr khc mt gi tr cho trc
Chn trong hp pha trn bn tri Do not equals
Chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn phi ca hp hi thoi
Nhn OK
Lc cc dng cha mu t cn tm
Kch vo mi tn th xung: Chn Customers: Xut hin hp hi thoi
Custum AutoFilter
Chn ton t so snh trong phn bn tri v chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn
phi ca hp thoi.
Chn Contains
Chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn phi
Nhn OK
Lc cc mu t l phn u, phn cui ca mt xu
Kch vo mi tn th xung: Chn Customers: Xut hin hp hi thoi
Custum AutoFilter
Chn ton t so snh trong phn bn tri v chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn
phi ca hp thoi.
a.Lc theo mu l phn u.
Chn Begins with: Bt u vi.
Chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn phi
Nhp OK
b.Lc theo mu l phn cui.
Chn Ends with: Bt u vi.
Chn gi tr nh so snh phn bn phi
Nhp OK
11
Lc mc cao
1. iu kin lc
Cha iu kin tm kim, xa, rt, trch Vng ny t nht phi c hai
dng. Dng u cha cc tiu m mi tiu ny phi trng vi tiu
ca vng d liu
Khi trch d liu, Microsoft Excel so snh gi tr cc ct trong vng d liu
vi gi tr ca ct tng ng trong vng tiu chun ly ra cc bn ghi tha
mn tiu chun. Nu tn cc ct khng trng khp vi nhau th khng th
trch c d liu t vng d liu
V d:
Ngy lng
>=30000
Bng iu kin kp: C 2 loi bng:
Bng And: Gm c 2 Hng, 2 Ct
Hng 1, Ct 1, Hng 1, Ct 2 ghi tiu ca bng iu kin.
- Hng 2, Ct 1 ghi gi tr so snh th 1.
- Hng 2, Ct 2 ghi gi tr so snh th 2.
V d:
Qu qun Nm sinh
H Ni
<=1970
Bng Or: Gm c 2 Ct , 3 Hng.
- Hng 1, Ct 1, Hng 1, Ct 2 ghi tiu ca bng iu kin.
- Hng 2, Ct 1 ghi gi tr so snh th 1.
- Hng 2, Ct 2 ghi gi tr so snh th 2.
- Hng 3, Ct 1 ghi gi tr so snh th 3.
- Hng 3, Ct 2 ghi gi tr so snh th 4.
V d:
Ngh
Gii
nghip
Bc s
K s
tnh
N
Nam
13
Hnh 2-4: Hp hi thoi lc c iu kin
Ti khung Action:
- Copy to another location: Lc v a kt qu n vng khc ca bng
tnh, a ch c xc nh bi dng Copy to.
Ti khung List range: a ch vng cha d liu
Ti khung Criteria Range: a ch bng iu kin.
Unique record only: Ch mun hin 1 bn ghi trong s cc bn ghi trng
nhau.
Cc k t i din trong iu kin
V d: Nhng ngi c Chc v l G (gim c) hoc PG (ph gim
c) hoc l TP (trng phng).
Khi , bn khai bo:
Chc v
G
PG
TP
Trong iu kin, cc bn c th a cc k t i din l du hi chm (?)
thay cho mt k t v du sao (*) thay cho mt nhm k t.
VD: Tiu chun tm kim l nhng cn b c tn bt u l ch N phn cn li
l bt k, cc bn ghi:
Tn
N*
Tiu chun tm kim l nhng ngi c k t u tin l bt k, k t th hai l
G, phn cn li ca tn l bt k, cc bn ghi:
14
Tn
?G*
15
dng hoc ct trng, dng u tin ghi cc tiu ca d liu, mi tiu trn
mt ct. Cc tiu ny c gi l trng (field) ca d liu. T dng th hai
tr i l s liu ca CSDL hin thi. Mi dng l mt bn ghi (Record).
V d: Bng danh sch di y l mt CSDL.
Chc
Ngy
Thu
cng
26
lng
nhp
H tn
v
NV
Phm nh Hng
26
NV
27
PG
24
NV
25
V Lan Hng
TP
26
NV
27
Ng Quc Vit
NV
25
TP
24
NV
25
10 Nguyn Thu Th
PCCV
Ngy
STT
cc hm CSDL
1. Khun dng chung
C php: Tn Hm (a ch vng CSDL,S th t ca ct, a ch ca
bng tiu chun)
Cch dng cc hm CSDL
a.DSum
C php: DSum (D1, D2, D3)
- D1: a ch vng CSDL
- D2: S th t ca ct trong vng CSDL
- D3: a ch ca bng tiu chun.
16
18
19
20
Nhn vin
Ca
Sn phm
Tin
30/04/01
Hoa
hng
CH1
Bnh
5000
30/04/01
Hng
CH1
Ko
4500
30/04/01
Chi
CH2
Mt
8000
30/04/01
Nga
CH2
Mt
10000
01/05/01
Hoa
CH1
Ko
4000
01/05/01
Hng
CH1
Bnh
6000
02/05/01
Chi
CH2
Ko
3000
21
Ca hng
(All)
Sum of Tin
Nhn vin
Chi
Sn phm
Ngy
30/04/01
02/05/01
Hoa Total
Nga
Nga Total
Grand Total
Mt Grand Total
0 8000
8000
3000
3000
3000
8000
11000
30/04/01
4500
4500
01/05/01
6000
6000
6000
4500
10500
30/04/01
5000
5000
01/05/01
0
5000
0
9000
9000
20000
4000
0
4000
0
0 10000
0
0
0 10000
11500 18000
4000
9000
10000
9000
19000
49500
Hng Total
Hoa
Ko
0
Chi Total
Hng
Bnh
30/04/01
02/05/01
To lp bng xoay
1. Bo co bng PivotTable
-
hp thoi.(Hnh 4-1)
23
Chn PivotTable
24
25
Bo co PivotChart
a.C1:
Tng t to ging PivotTable
Ti bc Step 1 of 3 chn PivotChart (Hnh 4-1)
C2:
To tng t nh PivotTable
Sau khi kt thc kch vo PivotTable trn thanh cng c PivotTable chn
PivotChart (Hnh 4-4)
Chn cc vng d liu ngun khc nhau cho PivotTable\PivotChart
Khi to PivotTable and PivotChart Report, ti bc Step 1 of 3
(Hnh 4-1) chn
Microsoft Excel list or database: T mt danh sch trong bng tnh ca
mnh
26
27
28
29
30
Hnh 5-5: Gii hn di k t
31
Hnh 5-6: Hin th thng bo tr gip
32
33
C hai loi bng d liu: bng d liu mt bin (ch nhn mt bin
nhp nhng cho php tnh ton nhiu kt qu cng thc) v bng d liu hai
bin (nhn hai bin nhng ch tnh mt kt qu cng thc). Trn y l thng
tin c bn v cc bng d liu. Cch tt nht hiu cng dng ca chng l
thc hnh thit lp cc bng v quan st c ch hot ng ca chng.
Bng d liu mt bin
-
34
Cc gi tr
trong
khongB4:
B7
tng
ng
cc
thi
im
tng
bn
lai
mun
d ton gi
tr qu hu
theo ngoi tr bn cn nhp cng thc hoc cc cng thc vo hng trng pha
trn hng c gi tr nhp th nht
-
D3. y l cc cng thc Excel s tnh ton nhiu ln trong C3, = FV (0.1,
B3, -2000), d ton gi tr ca tit kim hu tr 2000 la/nm s dng li sut
10%. Cng thc trong D3, = FV (0.1, B3, - 2000), d ton gi tr vi li
sut 12%
- Ch c hai cng thc u tham chiu B3. Thc vy, iu bng d liu
thc hin l s dng ny, c gi l nhp ct, tm thi lu cc gi tr
nhp t khong B4:B7. Excel s tnh ton cng thc s dng tng gi tr nhp.
Sau , Excel lu cc kt qa cng thc trong cng cc hng c cc gi tr nhp
to ra nhng kt qu
- Khi bn nhp cc gi tr v cng thc, bn hy thc hin cc bc sau
y to ra bng d liu:
+ Chn khong c cha cc gi tr nhp v cng thc. V d, trn Hnh 6-1,
khong ny l B3:B7
35
+ Chn Data/Table
+ Sau khi Excel hin th hp thoi Table (xem hnh 6-2), bn nhp hp vn
bn Column Input Cell v nhp B3. iu ny bo cho Excel bit bng mt
bin c t chc theo ct v cc cng thc s dng B3 lm nhp
+ Nhp OK
Cc
cng
thc trong
C3 v D3 s
dng B3
tm lu
thi cc gi
tr nhp t
khong
B4:B7
dng mt cng
TABLE
() tnh Cc
cccng
githc
tr trong
xut. C3
Vvd,
gi thc
tr nhp=khc
nhau.
D3 mi trong
s dng cc li sut khc nhau.
khong C4:D7, u c cng thc = {TABLE
(,B3) }. ch li ca phng php
ny rt r rng: bn dng cng t cng thc, cc sai s cng thc trn bng tnh
cng thp
- Th hai l bn c th d dng thay i cc kt qu ca bng n gin
bng cch cung cp cc gi tr nhp mi. Bn c th thc hin iu ny bng
36
Hnh 3: Bn c th to ra bng d liu ny n gin bng cch cp nht cc gi
tr trong B4:B7 v cng thc trong cc C3 v D3
- Bn nhp cng thc, bn mun bng d liu tnh ton nhiu ln, v
giao im ca hng gi tr nhp v ct. V d, trn hnh 6-3, cng thc c a
vo B2. Tuy nhin, phn th thut nhp cng thc ny khng phi l nhp
ng . Thc t, cng thc cn tham chiu hai trng, lnh Table ca menu
Data s s dng lm cc v tr tm thi lu tng gi tr nhp do bn cung cp.
Trn Hnh 6-3, cng thc = FV (Al,25, -Bi) tnh ton kt qu c ghi trong
B2.
37
Kch bn d bo
1. Kch bn (scenario) l g.
Nh cp u chng, cc bng d liu Excel cho php bn th
nghim hiu ng thay i mt hoc hai bin cng mt lc. iu ny khng kh,
nhng trong thc t nhiu khi bn phi xt n cc thay i ng thi ca nhiu
bin. Thc t lp m hnh ny chnh l ni dung ca Scenario Manager. S
dng Scenario Manager, bn c th thay i cng mt lc n 32 bin. Bn
cng c th lu v d dng truy xut) cc tp hp gi tr nhp.
To kch bn
Mc du Scenario Manager khng kh s dng, nhng bn s theo di
ni dung c trnh by y d dng hn bng cch dng v d c th. Hy
gi thit, bn s lm vic vi bng tnh nh c nu trn Hnh 6-4
Cc ny c gi
tr c t ln
39
Chn Tools/Scenario
hy nhp OK.
40
Thay i gi tr cc
thay i gi tr cc ta chn Scenarios trn menu Tools, chn tnh hung
m ta mun thay i gi tr. (Hnh 6-8)
42
Mi ct tm tt mt kch bn
Hin th bo co
Cc kch bn c lu vi cc bng tnh, do c lu vi s bng tnh
Excel. Bn c th truy xut cc kch bn ca bn hoc ca ngi khc to
ra trong bng tnh hoc s bng tnh khc, bng cch m s bng tnh v
dng nt Merge ca Scenario Manager. Khi bn nhp nt ny, Excel hin th
hp thoi hi tn s bng tnh v tn bng tnh t bn mun xem v c
th truy xut cc kch bn, nh trong minh ha di y:
tin tr gp hng thng cho ngi nh bn mun t mua, nh trn Hnh 6-13
Theo bng tnh ny, vi cn bng n 100.000 la v li sut 8%/nm trong
30 nm tr gp. Vn hng thng v li sut tr gp l -733,76 la. (Gi tr l
m bi v bn phi tr tin).
45
theo v d nu trn:
+ Nhp c cng thc bn mun tnh kt qu. (V d, trn Hnh 6-14, bn
cn nhp B5).
+ Chn TOOLS/GOAL Seek. Excel hin th hp thoi GOALSEEK. Ch :
Excel nhp a ch tuyt i ca c cng thc v hp vn bn Set Cell.
46
47
Bi 7: S dng Solver
I. Cc khi nim c bn v Solver
1. Solver l g?
M hnh ti u ha l cng c tinh vi, ch yu l ti u ha mt chc
nng vi cc rng buc chuyn bit. Tht khng may, ch lp m hnh ti u
ha rt kh thc hin mt cch th cng. V y chnh l vai tr ca Excel. S
dng Excel, bn c th d dng v nhanh chng gii quyt cc vn lp m
hnh ti u ha. (Hnh 7-1)
ny tnh tng gi tr t ngn sch January Salaries ba bng
tnh Administrative v Marketing
ty
chn
Equal To nu
ra cch thc bn
mun ti u ha
hm i tng
- Khi Excel hin th hp thoi Add Constraint (Hnh 7-4), trc khi bn
nhp hp Cell Reference sau nhp cha phn cng thc ca lng buc. K
tip, bn dng hp danh sch thp xung Constraint chn ton t so snh, so
snh cng thc ny vi gi tr hng. Cui cng, bn nhp hp Constraint v
cung cp gi tr hng. b sung thm ba rng buc cn li, bn hy lp li cc
bc 5 v 6.
51
Hnh 7-4: Thm rng buc
trnh by y vn lp m hnh ti u ha
trang tri
- Sau khi bn chuyn bit cc phng trnh rng buc, bn hy nhp Solve,
Excel s ti u ha hm i tng. Nu c th, Excel s hin th hp thoi
Solver Result. Hp thoi ny a ra mt ty chn thay cc gi tr gc trong cc
52
53
54
Cc B2 v B3 cha cc d on tt nht
ca bn theo cc gi tr ti u
55