4th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD TEST COMPETITION December 4, 2007

Read carefully the following instructions:

1. The time available is 3 hours. 2. The total number of the questions is 30. Check that you have a complete set of the test questions and the answer sheet. 3. Use only the pen provided. . !rite down your name" code" country and si#nature in your answer sheet. $. %ead carefully each problem and choose your correct answer by crossin# one of the capital letters in your answer sheet. There is only one ri#ht answer for each problem. Example: 1 & ' C ( ). *f you want to chan#e your answer" you have to circle the first answer and then cross a new letter as your correct answer. +ou may only allow makin# one correction. Example: 1 & ' C ( & is the first answer and ( is the corrected answer ,. &ll competitors are not allowed to brin# any stationary and tools provided from outside. &fter completin# your answers" all of the question and answer sheets should be put neatly on your desk. -. .oint rules / Correct answer !ron# answer 1o answer

/ 0 1.0 point / 0.2$ point / 0.0 point

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4th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD TEST COMPETITION December 4, 2007

EXAMINATION RULES
1. &ll competitors must be present at the front of e3amination room ten minutes before the e3amination starts. 2. 1o competitors are allowed to brin# any tools e3cept his4her personal medicine or any personal medical equipment. 3. 5ach competitor has to sit accordin# to his or her desi#nated desk. . 'efore the e3amination starts" each competitor has to check the stationary and any tools 6pen" ruler" calculator7 provided by the or#ani8er. $. 5ach competitor has to check the question and answer sheets. %aise your hand" if you find any missin# sheets. 9tart after the bell. ). (urin# the e3amination" competitors are not allowed to leave the e3amination room e3cept for emer#ency case and for that the e3amination supervisor will accompany them. ,. The competitors are not allowed to bother other competitor and disturb the e3amination. *n case any assistance is needed" a competitor may raise his4her hand and the nearest supervisor will come to help. -. There will be no question or discussion about the e3amination problems. The competitor must stay at their desk until the time allocated for the e3amination is over" althou#h he4she has finished the e3amination earlier or does not want to continue workin#. :. &t the end of the e3amination time there will be a si#nal 6the rin#in# of a bell7. +ou are not allowed to write anythin# on the answer sheet" after the allocated time is over. &ll competitors must leave the room quietly. The question and answer sheets must be put neatly on your desk.

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007

TEST OM!ETITION
"# *n #eneral" durin# the early sta#e of embryo#enesis" the 8y#ote divides continuously. *n this sta#e" the volume of the developin# embryo does not obviously increase; however" the ratio of the total mass of nuclei to the total mass of cytoplasm for the developin# embryo chan#es. !hich one of the followin# curves shows the chan#e of the ratio correctly<

6&7

6'7
nuclei4cytoplasm

6C7
nuclei4cytoplasm

6(7

$# The cell wall in plants is formed by the protoplast. The wall layer that is formed first makes up the primary wall 6.!7. The union re#ion between the primary walls of the ad=acent cells is called the middle lamella 6>?7. >any plant cells" such as fiber cells" also possess additional walls" known as the secondary wall 69!7. !hich one of the followin#s lists the correct sequence of the location of the wall layers between two mature fiber cells< 6&7 .!" 9!" >?" 9!" .! 6'7 9!" .!" >?" .!" 9! 6C7 >?" .!" 9!" 9!" .!" >? 6(7 .!" >?" 9!" 9!" >?" .!

nuclei4cytoplasm

nuclei4cytoplasm

time 6hour7

time 6hour7

time 6hour7

time 6hour7

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007

%# &s plants under#o respiration" the ratio of the number of &T. produced to the consumed number of @2 molecules is called the .4@ ratio. Under normal condition" the ratio of .4@ is 3. (urin# respiration" the ratio of the number of C@2 molecules released to the molecules of absorbed @2 6C@2 4@27 is called %espiration Auotient 6%.A.7. *n #eneral" certain or#anic substance" such as #lucose 6C)B12@) CD7 " citric acid 6C)B-@, CE7" or fatty acid 6C)B12@2 CF7" is needed for the respiration of plants. !hen any one of these substances with the same amount of moles is supplied to plants" which one of the followin#s is the correct order for the values of %.A. and the produced numbers of &T. #enerated by respiration of plants< 6&7 %.A./ EGDGF; the produced number of &T./ FGDGE 6'7 %.A./ FGDGE; the produced number of &T./ EGDGF 6C7 %.A./ FGDGE; the produced number of &T./ FGDGE 6(7 %.A./ EGDGF; the produced number of &T./ EGDGF &# *t is known that some specific species of fun#i can facilitate the processes of seed #ermination and seedlin# #rowth for the orchids. Concernin# the plant or#ans where the fun#i are distributed and the relevant function of the fun#i on the orchids" which one of the followin#s is correct< 6&7 fruit" for facilitatin# the di#estion of nutrients 6'7 leaf" for facilitatin# the formation of nutrients 6C7 stem" for facilitatin# the transportation of water and nutrients 6(7 root" for facilitatin# the water absorption

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 '# The fi#ure shown below is the food2network of a community. !hich one of the followin# consumers" if it becomes e3tinct" will make the most si#nificant impact on this ecosystem<

6&7 ?i8ards 6'7 9nakes 6C7 5a#les 6(7 %ats

*nsects .lants Hro#s

?i8ards

9nakes

s
Ho3es

5a#les

%ats %abbitt

s (# %e#ardin# the functions of the stomach" which ones of the followin# statements are true< 617 di#estion and decomposition of proteins 627 di#estion and absorption of fat 637 killin# of most bacteria in food 6 7 stora#e of partial di#ested food 6&7 1" 2 6'7 1" 3 6C7 2" 6(7 2" 3

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 )# %U -) is a le#al abortive dru# and its pharmacolo#ical effect is to inhibit the pro#esterone bindin# with its receptor in endometrium" causin# in endometrium erosion" and finally resultin# in the abortion of early pre#nancy. The effect of prosta#landin is to promote uterus contraction. *f a woman were administrated with the combination usa#e of %U -) and prosta#landin within : days after the end of menses" the successful ratio of abortion could be hi#h and ran#es from :)I to ::I. Bowever" this woman has to be strictly checked and traced by doctors for 2J3 weeks to #uarantee her safety. &dministrated %U -) with prosta#landin can make women to abort. The followin# chart lists possible effects of these dru#s. !hich combination is correct < %U -) action 1. inhibit pro#esterone receptor formation 2. promote pro#esterone action 3. inhibit embryo implantation . cause endometrium inflammation 6&7 1" d 6'7 2" a 6C7 3" d 6(7 " c *# !hich one of the followin# e3perience is the most critical evidence for provin# the relevance of elicobacter p!lori infection with #astric ulcer< 6&7 " p!lori is found in all #astric ulcer patientsK stomach. 6'7 !idely effective antibiotic treatment can successfully cure #astric ulcer. 6C7 Lastric ulcer can be induced in healthy people who are infected by " p!lori" 6(7 .atients" treated with dru#s that inhibit #astric acid secretion to reduce " p!lori #rowth" can successfully cure #astric ulcer. .rosta#landin action a. promote the bindin# of %U -) to the pro#esterone receptor b. relieve pain c. anesthetic effect d. stren#then uterus contraction

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 +# >r. !an# and his wife had twin babies of a boy and a #irl. The probability that the twin babies possess the same M chromosome is 6&7 142 6'7 14 6C7 14) 6(7 14",# The ?o#ol solution is a kind of fi3atives for stora#e of phytoplanktons in the field studies. *t is known that a 200 m? ?o#ol2solution contains 20 # of N*" 10 # of *2" 10 m? of #lacial acetic acid" and 2.$ I of formaldehyde. Commercial formalin" containin# formaldehyde near 0 I" is used for makin# the ?o#ol solution. Therefore" if one wants to use formalin to prepare a 200 m? ?o#ol2 solution" one needs M ml of formalin. %obert prepared an incorrect 200 m? ?o#ol2solution by mistakin# the percenta#e of formaldehyde in formalin for 100 I. Be tried to remedy this incorrect ?o#ol2solution by addin# more solutions to make it to be a 00 m? ?o#ol solution. Be first added some water to the incorrect ?o#ol2solution" and then he added 20 # N*" 10 # *2" 10 m? #lacial acetic acid" and + m? formalin. Hinally" he added more water so that the total volume of the solution is 00 m? e3actly. !hat are M and + < 6&7 $" 10 6'7 12.$" 12.$ 6C7 12.$" 20 6(7 12.$" 2$

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 ""# The followin# fi#ure shows the heatin# curves of two liquids & and ' obtained by measurin# temperatures 6T7 as a function of time usin# a burner with a constant heatin# rate. 9uppose that two liquids have the same mass. !hich one of the followin# statements is correct< 6&7 The boilin# point of ' is lar#er than that of &. 6'7 The specific heat capacity of #as is #reater for ' than for &. 6C7 The heat of vapori8ation per #ram of liquid for & is #reater than that for '. 6(7 The specific heat capacity of #as is #reater than that of liquid for substance '. #as

#as

liquid

liquid

& '

Time
"$# &n electrochemical cell is made by connectin# a copper electrode in 0.2$ ? of 0.100 > Cu9@ solution and a silver electrode in 0.2$ ? of 0.100 > &#1@ 3 solution via salt brid#e. !hat is the final concentration of Cu20 6in >7 in the anode compartment if it produces an avera#e current of 1.0 & for 12 min< 6Haraday C :) -$ CoulombOmol217 6&7 0.0-$ 6'7 0.11$ 6C7 0.130 6(7 0.1 $ "%# The density of an unknown substance in the #aseous state is 1.)2 #O?P1 at 300 N and 1 atm. !hich one of the followin# could be the substance< 6relative atomic mass/ CC12" @C1)" 1eC20" &rC 0" %C0.0-2 ?OatmOmol21ON217 6&7 1e 6'7 &r

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6C7 @2 6(7 C@2

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 "&# !hat compound in limestone and marble is corroded by acid rain< 6&7 Ca9@ 6'7 CaC@3 6C7 'a9@ 6(7 .b9@ "'# !hich one of the followin#s is the correct description of water and (2@< 6&7 !ater and (2@ have the same boilin# temperature at the same pressure. 6'7 (2@ has one more neutron than the water molecule does. 6C7 'oth water and (2@ can react with alkali metals vi#orously. 2 6(7 1 1 B and 1 ( are allotropes "(# Three randomly labeled beakers" M" +" and Q" contain either temporary hard water" distilled water" or permanent hard water. They are sub=ected to a sequence of analytical tests shown in the followin# fi#ure.

X X add soap water and stir at 25 oC add soap water and stir at 25 oC

with permanent foam Y

Z Y Z

1) filtered 2) set to boil

with precipitates

with permanent foam

without permanent foam but with precipitates

pass through add soap water ion-exchange and stir resin-Na l!"#$)2 at 25 oC

without precipitates

with permanent foam

!hich one of the followin#s is the correct identification of their individual content to beakers labeled as M" +" and Q in that sequence< 6&7 distilled water" temporary hard water" permanent hard water 6'7 permanent hard water" distilled water" temporary hard water 6C7 temporary hard water" distilled water" permanent hard water 6(7 distilled water" permanent hard water" temporary hard water

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 ")# The enthalpy of combustion for naphthalene 6C 10B-7 is 21230 kcalOmol21. The enthalpies of formation for C@26#7 and B2@6l7 are 2: and 2)- kcalOmol21" respectively. !hat is the enthalpy of formation for naphthalene< 6&7 2:2) kcalOmol21 6'7 01- kcalOmol21 6C7 0222 kcalOmol21 6(7 21)-0 kcalOmol21 "*# Three solutions of equal volume are labeled as & / 0.0$ > BCl 6aq7" ' / 0.0$ > B29@ 6aq7" and C / 0.0$ > CB3C@2B6aq7. !hich one of the followin# statements is correct< 6&7 pB value / 'G& GC 6'7 the amount 6in moles7 of salt produced when each solution is neutrali8ed with the same concentration of aqueous 1a@B / 'G&CC 6C7 the amount of 1a@B 6in m?7 needed when each solution is neutrali8ed with the same concentration of aqueous 1a@B / 'G&CC 6(7 the final pB value when each solution is neutrali8ed with the same concentration of aqueous 1a@B / &R CR' "+# There are four metals labeled as >" 1" M" and +. Their correspondin# metal ions are >20" 120" M20" and +20" respectively. The reaction profiles amon# them are compiled as shown in the Table below. !hen > is not reactive toward 1 20" it is marked as 6P7. Conversely" when > is reactive toward M 20" it is marked as 607. !hich one of the followin# statements is correct< 6&7 the stron#est reducin# a#ent is M 6'7 the order of reduction potential is / MG1G+G> 6C7 M20 can o3idi8e metals >" 1" and + 6(7 metals >" 1" and M can reduce +20 metal metal ion M$. N$. X$. -$. M N X -

. P 0 P 0 P

P P P

0 0 0

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007

$,# /hich of the following co01inations of ele0ents of gi2en ato0ic nu01ers can lead to a co03ound with a che0ical for0ula of X-%4 6&7 2 and ) 6'7 $ and 1$ 6C7 3 and 16(7 13 and 1, $"# *t is known that when one uses a sin#le battery in connection with a li#ht bulb" the battery can last for time t0. *f one tries to use two identical batteries in connection with two identical li#ht bulbs" which one of the followin# statements is correct< 6&7 *f the batteries are in parallel and the li#ht bulbs are in series" the batteries can power for t042. 6'7 *f the batteries are in series and the li#ht bulbs are in series" the batteries can power for 2 t0. 6C7 *f the batteries are in parallel and the li#ht bulbs are in parallel" the batteries can power for t0. 6(7 *f the batteries are in series and the li#ht bulbs are in parallel" the batteries can power for t0. $$# Twelve identical resistances are placed at ed#es of a cube and are connected in the way as the followin# fi#ure indicates. *f a current * is introduced as shown in the fi#ure" what is the current that flows from point & to point '< 6ne#ative si#n indicates opposite flow direction7 6&7 S*4) 6'7 S*43 6C7 *4) 6(7 *43 * &
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'

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 $%# & 10 # bullet movin# on a hori8ontal strai#ht line at $00 mOs21 penetrates a 1.0 k# block movin# on the same line at 21 mOs21 on a frictionless surface. %i#ht after bein# penetrated by the bullet" the block moves at 2 mOs21. !hat is the velocity of the bullet ri#ht after it emer#es from the block< 6&7 100 mOs21 6'7 200 mOs21 6C7 300 mOs21 6(7 00 mOs21
C is placed in 0.3 k# of some $&# *t is known that when 0.1 k# of metal & at $2 C " the final temperature is 1) C . &ssumin# that all of the liquid ' at 10 relevant heat capacities do not depend on temperatures and there is no heat loss" C is placed in 0.$ k# what is the final temperature when 0.2 k# of metal & at )0 C< of liquid ' at 12 C 6&7 2 C 6'7 3) C 6C7 2- C 6(7 20

$'# &n e3pandin# supernova remnant 691%7 with an#ular si8e 120 arcmin 61 de#ree equal to )0 arcmin.7 was discovered in our Lala3y. *f the remnant is at 12000 ly 6li#ht year7 from us with a constant e3pansion velocity of )"000 kmOs21" when appro3imately did the pro#enitor star of the 91% e3plode< 6speed of li#ht / 3.0T10$ kmOs217 6&7 12"000 years a#o 6'7 22"000 years a#o 6C7 32"000 years a#o 6(7 2"000 years a#o

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007

$(# .rof. Q discovers five ob=ects in close to a 9un2like star. The physical properties of these ob=ects derived from the data 6see Table below7 indicate that only 3 of them are planets orbitin# the star" which of the observations are impossible< 6Usin# circular orbits to analy8e all the motions involved.7 >ass 65arth mass7 * 2$.0 3 ** :.$ 2 *** ).0 :0 *U .0 1, U 3. 1$ 61 &U C avera#e 9un25arth distance7 6&7 * and ** 6'7 *U and U 6C7 * and U 6(7 * and *U $)# & rubber strin# of len#th 0.,$0 m is fi3ed at one end to the ceilin#. *t is found that the strin# further e3tends by 10.0 cm after a small ball of mass 0.100 k# is attached to the other end of the strin# and reaches equilibrium. 1ow if the ball is raised to the ceilin# and released from rest" what is the ma3imum len#th of the strin#< &ssume that when the rubber strin# e3tends" it behaves like a sprin#. 6The potential ener#y of the sprin# with sprin# constant # and displacement x is .7 6&7 0.,$0 m 6'7 0.-$0 m 6C7 1.00 m 6(7 1.2$ m
1 #x 2 2

@b=ect

Uelocity 6kmOs217

@rbital radius 6&U7 $ 10 23 3$ -0

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 $*# *t is known that for a #iven temperature" the amount of water vapor that can be kept in the air has a ma3imum. !hen the air contains ma3imum amount of water vapor" the saturated vapor density is fi3ed and is shown in the followin# table/
C7 Temperature 6

0 3.)) ).33

-.21

12

1)

20

2 21.$

22).:3

saturated vapor density 6#5m237

10.$, 13.$0 1,.12

The relative humidity in percent is then defined to be

act&al %apor $ensit! 100 I sat&rate$ %apor $ensit!

C and the relative humidity is 9uppose that the initial temperature inside a car is 20 -0I. !hen the temperature inside the car decreases" at what temperature does the moisture start to form< C 6&7 12 C 6'7 1) C 6C7 1- C 6(7 22

$+# &s shown in the followin# fi#ure" a li#ht ray travellin# in the air is incident perpendicular to the side a of an equilateral prism with inde3 of refraction 1.$. !hich side will the li#ht beam emer#e and what is the an#le ' between the
a b

incident ray and the emer#in# ray< 5m e r# en t s i de 6 6 6 6 b b c c ' ' C )0 ' C 30 ' C )0 ' C 30

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Test Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 4, 2007 %,# & submarine is fi3ed underwater and emits two sound wave pulses into the water in the forward direction and then detects the echoes reflected from a movin# ob=ect ahead. *f the time interval between two emitted pulses is 10 s and the round2trip travel time intervals are 2.0 s and 2.1 s respectively" what is the avera#e speed of the ob=ect movin# away from the submarine< 6Liven that the speed of sound wave in water is 1$20 mOs21.7 6&7 3.- mOs21 6'7 ,.) mOs21 6C7 1$ mOs21 6(7 23 mOs21

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