Pentagrams: Meaning and History A reference file from the alt.magick hierarchy.REF: Pentagrams (meaning, history, etc.

) ------------------------------------------------------- com ilation !egins --Pentagram "he entagram has long !een associated #ith mystery and magic. $t is the sim lest form of star sha e that can !e dra#n %nic%rsally - #ith a single line - hence it is sometimes called the Endless &not. 'ther names are the (o!lin)s *ross, the Pental ha, the +itch)s Foot, the ,e-il)s .tar and the .eal of .olomon (more correctly attri!%ted to the he/agram). $t has long !een !elie-ed to !e a otent rotection against e-il and demons, hence a sym!ol of safety, and #as sometimes #orn as an am%let for ha y homecoming. "he old folk-song : 0(reen (ro# the R%shes,'10 refers to the %se of the entagram a!o-e doors and #indo#s in the line: 0Fi-e is the sym!ol at yo%r door.0 "he otency and associations of the entagram ha-e e-ol-ed thro%gho%t history. "oday it is an %!i2%ito%s sym!ol of neo- agans #ith m%ch de th of magickal and sym!olic meaning. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 "he Pentagram thro%gh History. "he entagram sym!ol today is ascri!ed many meanings and dee significance, tho%gh m%ch of this is -ery recent. Ho#e-er, it has !een %sed thro%gho%t history and in many conte/ts: 4 "he earliest kno#n %se of the entagram dates !ack to aro%nd 56778* at 9r of the *haldees in Ancient Meso otamia #here it #as sym!olic of im erial o#er. 4 Amongst the He!re#s, the sym!ol #as ascri!ed to "r%th and to the fi-e !ooks of the Pentate%ch. $t is sometimes, incorrectly, called the .eal of .olomon (see He/agram). 4 $n Ancient (reece, it #as called the Pental ha, !eing geometrically com osed of fi-e A)s. 9nlike earlier ci-ili:ations, the (reeks did not generally attri!%te other sym!olic meanings to the letters of their al ha!et, !%t certain sym!ols !ecame connected #ith (reek letter sha es or ositions (eg (ammadion, Al ha-'mega). 4 "o the (nostics, the entagram #as the )8la:ing .tar). 4 For the ,r%ids, it #as a sym!ol of (odhead. 4 $n Egy t, it #as a sym!ol of the )%ndergro%nd #om!). 4 "he Pagan *elts ascri!ed the entagram to the %ndergro%nd goddess Morrigan. 4 Medie-al *hristians attri!%ted the entagram to the Fi-e +o%nds of *hrist. 4 "he *hristian Em eror *onstantine $ %sed the entagram, together #ith the chi-rho sym!ol in his seal and am%let. 4 $n the legend of .ir (a#ain and the (reen &night, the entagram #as .ir (a#ain)s gly h, inscri!ed in gold on his shield, sym!oli:ing the fi-e knightly -irt%es. 4 $n Medie-al times, the )Endless &not) #as a sym!ol of "r%th and #as a rotection against demons. $t #as %sed as ersonal rotection and to g%ard #indo#s and doors. 4 "he entagram #ith one oint % #ards sym!oli:ed s%mmer; #ith t#o oints % #ards, it #as a sign for #inter. < ,%ring the long eriod of the $n2%isition, the entagram #as

seen to sym!oli:e a (oat)s Head. $n the %rge on #itches, the horned god Pan !ecame e2%ated #ith the ,e-il (a *hristian conce t) and the entagram, for the first time in history !ecame a sym!ol of )e-il) and #as called the +itch)s Foot. 4 $n the emergence of Hermeticism, gra hical sym!olism !ecame -ery im ortant. "he conce t of the microcosmic #orld of Man as analogo%s to the macrocosm, the greater %ni-erse of s irit and elemental matter is a art of traditional occ%lt teaching in !oth #estern and eastern hiloso hies. 0As a!o-e, so !elo#.0 "he entagram, the ).tar of the Microcosm), sym!oli:ed Man #ithin the microcosm, re resenting in analogy the Macrocosmic %ni-erse. "he % right entagram !ears some resem!lance to the sha e of man #ith his legs and arms o%tstretched; indeed an ill%stration attri!%ted to Agri a or to "ycho 8rae (=6>?) ill%strates the similarity of ro ortion in this image, sho#ing the fi-e lanets and the moon at the center oint - the genitalia. "here are other ill%strations of the eriod !y Ro!ert Fl%dd and @eonardo da Ainci sho#ing geometrical relationshi s of man to the %ni-erse. < @ater, the entagram came to !e sym!olic of the relationshi of the head to the fo%r lim!s and hence of the %re concentrated essence of anything (or the s irit) to the fo%r traditional elements of matter. - BC%intessenceD 4 $n Freemasonry, Man as Micro roso %s #as associated #ith the fi-e- ointed .eal of .olomon. "he sym!ol #as %sed, interlaced and % right for the sitting Master of the @odge. "he geometric ro erties and str%ct%re of the Endless &not #ere a reciated and sym!olically incor orated into the E? degree angle of the com asses. 4 "he #omen)s !ranch of freemasonry %ses the fi-e ointed )Eastern .tar) as its em!lem. Each oint commemorates a heroine of !i!lical lore. < Fo gra hical ill%stration of any association of the entagram #ith e-il a ears %ntil the nineteenth cent%ry. Eli has @e-i ill%strates the % right entagram of microcosmic man !eside an in-erted entagram #ith the goat)s head of 8a homet. $n rit%al magick the sign has long !een %sed as a rit%al flo%rish of the athame to sym!oli:e in-oking or !anishing in res ect to elemental associations. 4 $n the =GH7)s (erald (ardner ado ted the entagram #ith t#o oints % #ard as the sigil of second degree initiation in the ne#ly emergent, neo- agan rit%als of #itchcraft, later to !ecome kno#n as +icca. "he one- oint % #ard entagram together #ith the % right triangle sym!oli:ed third degree initiation. 4 "he entagram #as also inscri!ed on the altar entacle, it)s oints sym!oli:ing the three as ects of the (oddess l%s the t#o as ects of the (od. 4 $t #as not %ntil the late =GI7)s that the entagram again !ecame an am%letic sym!ol to !e #orn and has since then !ecome firmly esta!lished as a common neo- agan and +iccan sym!ol, ac2%iring many as ects of mysti2%e and associations that are today often considered to !e ancient folk-lore1 Fe-ertheless, the otency of a sym!ol has more to do #ith its

associations and its commonality than #ith its anti2%ity and the entagram today is %!i2%ito%s amongst neo- agans. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 .ym!olic Meanings of the Pentagram. 4 "he n%m!er )6) has al#ays !een regarded as mystical and magical, yet essentially )h%man). < +e ha-e fi-e fingersJtoes on each lim! e/tremity. < +e commonly note fi-e senses - sight, hearing, smell, to%ch and taste. < +e ercei-e fi-e stages or initiations in o%r li-es - e.g.. !irth, adolescence, coit%s, arenthood and death. ("here are other n%m!ersJ initiationsJstagesJattri!%tions). 4 "he n%m!er 6 is associated #ith Mars. $t signifies se-erity, conflict and harmony thro%gh conflict. 4 $n *hristianity, fi-e #ere the #o%nds of *hrist on the cross. 4 "here are fi-e illars of the M%slim faith and fi-e daily times of rayer. 4 Fi-e #ere the -irt%es of the medie-al knight - generosity, co%rtesy, chastity, chi-alry and iety as sym!oli:ed in the entagram de-ice of .ir (a#ain. 4 "he +iccan &iss is Fi-efold - feet, knees, #om!, !reasts, li s 8lessed !e. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 "he n%m!er 6 is rime. "he sim lest star - the entagram- re2%ires fi-e lines to dra# and it is %nic%rsal; it is a contin%o%s loo . E/ ressing the saying 0E-ery man and e-ery #oman is a star0, #e can K%/ta ose Man on a entagram #ith head and fo%r lim!s at the oints and the genitalia e/actly central. "his is Man in microcosm, sym!oli:ing o%r lace in the Macrocosm or %ni-erse and the HermeticJ"antric hiloso hy of associati-ity - 0As a!o-e, so !elo#0. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 "he geometric ro ortions of the reg%lar entagram are those of the (olden .ection. 4 "he (olden Pro ortion is one !elo-ed of artists since Renaissance times, !eing those of a rectangle considered most leasing in ro ortion. Here, the ratio of the lengths of the t#o sides is e2%al to the ratio of the longer side to the s%m of the t#o sides. 'r : aJ! L !Ja<! L a<!Ja<?! L a<?!J?a<5! L ?a<5!J5a<6! ....etc. 4 $f a s2%are is added to the long side of a golden rectangle, a larger golden rectangle is formed. *ontin%ing this rogression forms the !asis for a na%til%s s iral. 4 "he ratio of the distance !et#een t#o oints of a entagram to its total #idth is in the golden ro ortion, as is the ratio of the height a!o-e the hori:ontal !ar to that !elo#, as is the ratio of a central art of a line to the o%ter art. 4 "his ratio forms the fo%ndation of the Fi!onacci series of n%m!ers =,=,?,5,6,>,=5,?=,5H,66,>G,=HH, etc #here each n%m!er is formed !y adding the re-io%s t#o n%m!ers. 4 "he Fi!onacci series is m%ch fo%nd in nat%re in the attern arrangement of flo#er heads and lea-es and many flo#er heads and fr%its themsel-es e/hi!it a fi-efold symmetry. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 4 "he entagram has long !een !elie-ed to !e a otent rotection against e-il, a sym!ol of conflict that shields the #earer and the

home. 4 "he entagram has fi-e s iked #ards and a #om! sha ed defensi-e, rotecti-e entagon at the center. 4 "here are fi-e elements, fo%r of matter (earth, air, fire and #ater) and "HE 2%intessential - s irit. "hese may !e arrayed aro%nd the entagrams oints. < "he #ord )2%intessential) deri-es from this fifth element the s irit. 4 .ingle oint % #ards signifies the s irit r%ling matter (mind r%ling lim!s); is a sym!ol of rightness. +ith t#o oints % and one (s irit) do#n#ards, s%!ser-ient, the em hasis is on the carnal nat%re of Man. 4 "racing a ath aro%nd the entagram, the elements are laced in order of density - s irit (or aether). fire, air, #ater, earth. Earth and fire are !asal, fi/ed; air and #ater are free, flo#ing. 4 "hese oint attri!%tions are %sed in rit%ally inscri!ing, as a flo%rish of the hands or the athame, different forms of entagram for in-oking or !anishing (gro%nding) each of the elementals according to the nat%re of the rit%al. "he line traces as ill%strated for earth (the last stroke is o tional). Another #ay of seeing this ath is as Man)s s irit%al Ko%rney thro%gh e-ol%tion. "he s ark of @ife descending from (od, the di-ine so%rce of life to the sim lest em!ryonic form (earth), rising to flo# (#ater air) on o%r lane of e/istence (com are #ith the intonation of the A9M mantra), then again descending to the fire of %rification !efore again rising as a di-ine s ark to find again his s irit%al so%rce. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 4 "he entagram may !e sho#n as an interlaced line sym!olic of the #e!-#ea-ing o#er of magick. "he descending s irit-earth line may ass %nder (male) or o-er (female) the #ater-air line to gi-e t#o slightly differing forms. 4 A entagram may !e o en, #itho%t a s%rro%nding circle. "his is the acti-e form sym!oli:ing an o%tgoing of oneself, re ared for conflict, a#are, acti-e. ('ne #earing an o en entagram m%st !e hysically a#are of the danger of shar oints sticking in their skin from time to time 1) 4 A circle aro%nd a entagram contains and rotects. $t is the assi-e form im lying s irit%al containment of the magic circle. "he circle also re resents eternity and infinity. $n-erted Pentagram 4 "he entagram may !e in-erted #ith one oint do#n. "he im lication is of s irit s%!ser-ient to matter, of man s%!ser-ient to his carnal desires. 4 "he in-erted entagram has come to !e seen !y many agans as re resenting the dark side and it is a!horred as an e-il sym!ol. F%ndamental *hristians, indeed, see any form of entagram as s%ch. 4 Ho#e-er, these are recent de-elo ments and the in-erted entagram is the sym!ol of (ardnerian second degree initiation, re resenting the need of the #itch to learn to face the darkness #ithin so that it may not later rise % to take control. 4 "he center of a entagram im lies a si/th formati-e element lo-eJ#ill #hich controls from #ithin, r%ling matter and s irit !y +ill and the controlled magickal direction of se/%al energies. "his is another lesson of initiation. 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 $n hysical form, the entagram may !e #orn as an am%let - as

Ke#elry - endant, ring, earrings, !%ckle, etc.... ringmakerMtc .co.%k (lionel e er) htt :JJ###.tc .co.%kJNam%letJ ------------------------------ "he earliest recorded %se of the entagram as a mystical sym!ol #as !y the (nostics, #ho called it the 8la:ing .tar. $t #as also considered !y *hristians d%ring the middle ages to !e a sym!ol of the Fi-e +o%nds of *hrist, and %sed as a rotecti-e gly h, generally as a -ariation on the .eal of .olomon (a .tar of ,a-id #ithin a circle). - "he association of the entagram #ith non-*hristian !elief, and its modern 0elemental0 analysis, #ere e-idently introd%ced d%ring the re-i-al of occ%ltism in the =Eth and =>th cent%ries. "he Masons and similar gro% s s%ch as the '"' took it % --for e/am le, A.E. +aite is the erson #ho introd%ced the sym!ol into the "arot deck, re lacing the traditional s%it of *oins. - "he %se of the 0in-erted0 entagram to denote e-il is a 2%ite recent %sage, and first a ears in the #orks of Eli has @e-i. He is also the so%rce of the 0goat)s head0 gly h. 8efore this, neither orientation had e-il connotations er se. - "he modern agan mo-ement icked % the entagram as art of a general !orro#ing from earlier 0occ%lt0 %sage, and +icca in artic%lar has taken it % as an e/ licit denotational sym!ol, similar to the cross, the "hor)s hammer, and so on. Amanda +alker ------------According to my o#n research so far: "he categori:ation of the 0in-erted0 (one- oint-do#n) entagram as 0e-il0 -s. the 0% right0 (one- oint-% ) entagram as 0good0 originates in the #ritings of Eli has @e-i in the =Gth *ent%ry, most nota!ly the #orks 0"he History of Magic0 and 0,octrine and Rit%al of "ranscendental Magic.0 He is also the originator of the no#-infamo%s goat)s head gly h. Eli has @e-i (act%ally the en name of Al honse @o%is *onstant, a French *atholic deacon) #as one of a n%m!er of #riters #ho constit%ted a reaction against =>th cent%ry rationalism. His #orks ha-e had a lasting effect on French magical traditions, and #ere instr%mental in the de-elo ment of the "arot as a serio%s tool of Hermetic magic, des ite its h%m!le !eginnings in (y sy fort%ne-telling. @e-i #as the first Hermetic #riter to assign an elemental (or erha s more acc%rately, alchemical) meaning to the entagram, #hich !efore him had !een %sed rinci ally as a rotecti-e gly h denoting the fi-e #o%nds of *hrist (and as s%ch, occ%rs in !oth orientations in (othic cathedrals and cloisters all across E%ro e)). Fo#, $ #o%ld !e more than interested to hear a!o%t e-idence that contradicts the deri-ation $ gi-e a!o-e; ho#e-er, $ ha-e yet to come across any 0e-il0 connotations of the entagram, or the orientation thereof, that redate Eli has @e-i (#ho li-ed from =>=7-=>E6). "his is not to say that his analysis is nonsense--far other#ise, in fact. $f yo% a ly his elemental attri!%tions to the oints of the fig%re, the orientation does indeed rofo%ndly affect the res%lting connotations. Ho#e-er, it is a mistake to !elie-e that this

inter retation is any more 0traditional0 than =67 or so years, or for that matter artic%larly agan. $t has, ho#e-er, !een icked % !y modern aganism, and has !een (com arati-ely s eaking) neglected !y modern hermeticism, #hich has foc%sed rimarily on the "arot and the &a!!alah. Amanda +alker ------------Amanda +alker (amandaMintercon.com) #rites: OEli has @e-i is the earliest so%rce $ ha-e yet fo%nd in E%ro ean Oesotericism #hich gi-es the oints of the star an elemental attri!%tion "his #as ro!a!ly deri-ed from "ycho 8rahe)s 3*alendari%m Fat%rale Magic%m Per et%%m...3, the ancestor of 3@i!er EEE3 and many other #orks of that sort. Altho%gh the *alendari%m does not sho# a entagram marked #ith the elements, the ro# 0C%inari%s denari ...0 sho#s all the details: a entagram #ith h%man !ody im osed, He!re# for PH.AH, and the elements associated. "hat)s =6>? e.-. 'ther, later so%rces also ha-e the material. @ooking to either the 3Picatri/3 or the #ritings of Petro de A!ano might t%rn % earlier E%ro ean %sage. heidrickM#ell.sf.ca.%s (8ill Heidrick) -------------------------------------$n the !ook .ym!ols of t Prehistoric Meso otamia !y 8eatrice @a%ra (off , the entagram is sho#n and related to the 9r%k (8i!lical)Eriech) eriod of Meso otamian ci-ili:ation (5677 8.*Q.E.). "his sign is located on otsherds in the location of 9r%k (near the mo%th of the (%lf), and is in the com any of signs relating to the !eginning of #ritten lang%age. $n the !ook .ym!ols of the (ods o in Meso otamian Art !y E.,o%glas Aan 8%ren, #e find the Pentagram !elonging to the archaic eriod 9r%k$A, and more fre2%ently on Remdet Fasr(5=77-?G778.*Q.E.) and Proto-Elamite ta!lets (5777-?6778.*.E.). "he title s%ggested for the sign is re-ealing, 98 , )e/ lained as 0the -ery sign %sed in the royal inscri tions to designate, in a some#hat o!sc%retitle, a o#er e/tending to the )fo%r corners of the #orld)). "hese oints are the fo%r corners of the com ass. -57I:KE#M%!-ms.cc.!%ffalo.ed% (Frater A8S9) ------------------------------------------"o say 0the entagram #as considered an e-il sym!ol !y the *hristians0 is a little ... #ell, general. $ ha-en)t searched the #hole cor %s of *hristian literat%re, and tallied % all the mentions of entagrams-good and entagrams-!ad, !%t $ #o%ld like to oint o%t that (a) the entagram occ%rs in 0.ir (a#ain and the (reen &night,0 and not as an e-il sym!ol; (!) the entagram #as often regarded as em!lematic of the Fi-e +o%nds of *hrist; and (c) the entagram #as not an e-il sym!ol for Pythagoreans, and there #as a strong c%rrent of admiration, in *hristian tradition (tho%gh not a %nanimo%s one), for 0no!le agans0 -- Pythagoras, Plato, -ario%s .toics, Plotin%s, and so on. A good e/am le of the am!i-alence in *hristian tradition to#ard #riters and thinkers is ,ante)s treatment of Airgil. *an anyone come % #ith a s ecific te/t originating from the first tho%sand years of *hristianity deno%ncing the entagram as an innately e-il sym!olT $ #o%ldn)t !e s%r rised, myself, if the first occ%rrence of s%ch te/ts #as some time #ithin the ast t#o cent%ries. 'r fi-e cent%ries.

--@e(rand --------"he entagram #as %sed early on !y the Uian ch%rch ( artic%larly in the East). "heir %se #as, of co%rse, oint-% . "he in-erted cross #as also %sed !y the Uians. $t is kno#n in traditional mythology as .t. Peter)s cross. Peter did not !elie-e he #as #orthy eno%gh to die in the same #ay that Res%s had, so he !egged to cr%cified % side-do#n. ('r so the legend goes.) -ondracoMtelerama.lm.com (Aon,raco) ----------------------------------"here is, of co%rse, the 0standard0 agan re ly: the fi-e oints re resent the fi-e elements. $t is 0 ositi-e0 if it is oint-% !eca%se it re resents the mastery of mindJs irit o-er mere matter. $t is 0negati-e0 if #orn oint do#n !eca%se s irit is immersed in or r%led !y the hysical rather than mental lane. (*9E: End of standard re ly.) Fo# for some other ossi!ilities that are some#hat less standard. "he fi-e stages of h%manity (or the fi-e stages of life, if yo% refer) are re resented. . eaking %rely in terms of age, there are: 8a!yhood, Adolescence, Ad%lthood, Middle Age, and 'ld Age. $n terms of life occ%rrences, there are: 8irth, $nitiation, @o-e, Re ose, and ,eath. $n Egy t the fi-e- ointed star re resented the %ndergro%nd #om!. "o the agan *elts, the entagram #as artic%larly associated #ith Morrigan, the %ndergro%nd goddess. "o Hermetic magicians (and many others no#), the fi-e- ointed star re resented Man in the Microcosm, #ith his head at the to , hands o%t to the sides, and legs !elo#. His genitalia #ere in the center of the entagram. "o *hristians (yes, they managed to get a hold of this sym!ol, too) the entagram re resented the fi-e #o%nds of *hrist at the cr%cifi/ion. $n ancient (reece, the Pythagoreans called this sym!ol the Pental ha, since it is fi-e ca ital )A) fig%res interlaced. As for the oint-do#n entagram !eing 0e-il0, there are a co% le of different ans#ers to that. Pes, modern c%lt%re has led to the o %lar notion that this is an e-il sym!ol. Ho#e-er, $t is also a re resentati-e of the Horned (od. Pes, it looks like a goat)s head. "he Horned (od)s most common fi-e forms are re resented !y the oints: h%man, goat, ram, stag and !%ll. (i-en the *hristian ro ensity to t%rn the Horned (od into the ,e-il, is it any #onder that this seems to !e associated #ith the *hristian ,e-ilT $ %nderstand that this sym!ol also has some Ca!alistic significance, !%t $ am itif%lly ignorant of the #ays of the Ca!ala. Perha s someone else co%ld enlighten yo% a!o%t that art of it. Another im ortant thing to remem!er is that the entagram is a %nic%rsal fig%re. "hat is, it can !e dra#n #itho%t lifting enJcil from a er. $t also means that each of the fi-e (or more) things that are re resented are 4irre-oca!ly4 connected to one another, %nless the line

is !roken. Fo one thing is any stronger or !etter than the other - they are all de endent % on one another. Rencina May 8%tler -------------------------------------Here are t#o !ooks yo% might enKoy reading, or K%st looking thro%gh: R%dolf &och)s "HE 8''& 'F .$(F., =G57, re rinted !y ,o-er since =G66; *larence P. Horn%ng, HAF,8''& 'F ,E.$(F. AF, ,EA$*E., =G5?, re rinted !y ,o-er since =GHI. (,o-er 8ooks has many !ea%tif%l !ooks on design.) &och, re PEF"A(RAM: 0"he entagram, a fi-e- ointed star dra#n #ith one stroke of the en: this sign !elongs, as do many others de icted here, to the most rimiti-e of mankind, and is certainly m%ch older than #ritten characters. .igns of this kind are 2%ite the most ancient h%man doc%ments #e ossess. "he entagram has had se-eral different significations at different times in the history of man. "he Pythagoreans called it the ental ha, and the *eltic riests the #itch)s foot. $t is also .olomon)s seal, kno#n in the Middle Ages as the go!lin)s cross. $t also re resents the fi-e senses; the male and female rinci les are also con-eyed !y the arrangement of the fi-e oints. Amongst the dr%ids it #as the sign of (odhead, and to the Re#s it signified the fi-e Mosaic 8ooks. "his sign #as also o %larly !elie-ed to !e a rotection against demons, and, !y analogy, a sym!ol of safety. $t is !elie-ed too to !e the em!lem of ha y homecoming, #hence its em loyment as an am%let. $n ancient times it #as a magic charm amongst the eo le of 8a!ylon.0 Horn%ng, re PEF"A(RAM: 0"he fi-e- ointed star... As a contin%o%s interlacement,... it is called the entacle, or entagram, and !ecomes an im ortant element in the history of magic and #itchcraft, #ith many mystic inter retations. $t is an ingenio%s de-elo ment %sed in ancient times !y the Pythagoreans and others as the ental ha, an em!lem of erfection. "his sign #as also regarded as a rotecti-e fetish, and #as fre2%ently #orn as an am%let.0 Ra-en 333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 "he entagram has meant many things to many different eo leJgro% s tho%gho%t history, incl%ding strangely eno%gh #ithin the *atholic ch%rch itself, d%ring -ario%s arts of the middle ages it #as seen as a sym!ol of tr%th, yo% can find indications of this in some Arth%rian legends (i don)t recall the details, ho#e-er one of the knights in one of the acco%nts #as s% osed to ha-e a shield #ith the sym!ol). rangerMt#ain.%cs.%mass.ed% (ranger) ----------------------------------(a#ain, in the medie-al -erse-tale .$R (A+A$F AF, "HE (REEF &F$(H". $ strongly recommend R.R.R. "olkien)s #onderf%l translation, #hich retains m%ch of the 'ld English alliterati-e form. .tan:as ?E-?>: "hen they !ro%ght him his !la:on that #as of !rilliant g%les #ith the entangle de icted in %re h%e of gold. 8y the !aldric he ca%ght it and a!o%t his neck cast it: right #ell and #orthily it #ent #ith that knight. And #hy the entangle is ro er to that rince so no!le

$ intend no# to tell yo%, tho%gh it may tarry my story. $t is a sign that .olomon once set on a time to !etoken "roth, as it is entitled to do; for it is a fig%re that in it fi-e oints holdeth, and each line o-erla s and is linked #ith another, and e-ery #ay it is endless; and the English, $ hear, e-ery#here name it the Endless &not. .o it s%its #ell this knight and his %ns%llied arms; for e-er faithf%l in fi-e oints, and fi-e times %nder each, (a#ain as good #as ackno#ledged and as gold refine)d, de-oid of e-ery -ice and #ith -irt%es adorned. .o there the entangle ainted ne# he on shield and coat did #ear as one of #ord most tr%e and knight of !earing fair. First fa%ltless #as he fo%nd in his fi-e senses, and ne/t in his fi-e fingers he failed at no time, and firmly on the Fi-e +o%nds all his faith #as set that *hrist recei-ed on the cross, as the *reed tells %s; and #here-er the !ra-e man into !attle #as come, on this !eyond all things #as his earnest tho%ght: that e-er from the Fi-e Roys all his -alo%r he gained that to Hea-en)s co%rteo%s C%een once came from her *hild. For #hich ca%se the knight had in comely #ise on the inner side of his shield her image de ainted, that #hen he cast his eyes thither his co%rage ne-er failed. "he fifth fi-e that #as %sed, as $ find, !y this knight #as free-gi-ing and friendliness first !efore all, and chastity and chi-alry e-er changeless and straight, and iety s%r assing all oints: these erfect fi-e #ere has ed % on him harder than on any man else. Fo# these fi-e series, in sooth, #ere fastened on this knight, and each #as knit #ith another and had no ending, !%t #ere fi/ed at fi-e oints that failed not at all, coincided in no line nor s%ndered either, not ending in any angle any#here, as $ disco-er, #here-er the rocess #as %t in lay or assed to an end. "herefore on his shining shield #as sha ed no# this knot, royally #ith red g%les % on red gold set: this is the %re entangle as eo le of learning ha-e ta%ght. Fo# (a#ain in !ra-e array his lance at last hath ca%ght. He ga-e them all good day for e-ermore as he tho%ght. -- Ra-en (R.ingleMM%sic.@i!.MA"*.Ed%). BAll standard disclaimers a ------------------------------------...in (reat 8ritain, the in-erted entagram is the sign of a second le-el +iccan .t%dent in the (ardnerian "radition. 8eca%se of the fear fren:y of the F%ndamentalists, in this co%ntry another sym!ol is %sed. And the sym!ols may !e -ery different in different arts of the #orld as to ho# to identify either a .atanist or a second le-el (ardnerian .t%dent. ...the sym!ol is a reminder to face the e-ilJdark and nastiness #ithin or it #ill rise % and control yo%. lyD

tinneMeskimo.com (.%san Profit) -------------------------------+ell, according to my tradition, fo%r of the oints re resent the elements of Earth, Air, Fire V +ater. "he fifth oint re resents the s irit%al. Fo#, reference to % or do#n...9 is re resentati-e of the higher s irit%al lane, do#n is re resentati-e of inner s irit%ality. ...the entagram as a sym!ol for .atanism #as a figment of some f%ndies) collecti-e imaginations then ado ted !y .atanists. "o lend f%rther credence, it #as ointed o%t that a oint-do#n entagram looked a little like a goat)s head, said to !e a .atanic creat%re. Act%ally, this reference first sho#ed % cent%ries ago #hen the Roman *atholic *h%rch attem ted to slander Pan and His follo#ers. dream3#ea-erMcy!ercircl.#in.net (,REAM +EAAER) ---------------------------------------------Rose h of Aramathia came to the $sle of angels after the cr%cifi/ion of *hrist. "here are those #ho !elie-e that Res%s himself came to 8ritain and #as ta%ght !y the ,r%ids d%ring his early ad%lthood. Regardless the eo le of 8ritain sa# remarka!le religio%s similarities !et#een their o#n !eliefs and those of the EAR@P *hristians. "here is roof that the 8ritish racticed !oth religions side !y side. @ater #hen the Roman ch%rch #as in ascendancy they started to s%!-ert other religio%s ractices. For some reason, #hether to sho# dis leas%re of Rome, or #hether the *h%rch itself initiated the ractice, those #ho #here against the ch%rch in-erted their crosses and since the Pentagram #as #orn #ith it it also #as in-erted. G7I?76reMcent.gla.ac.%k (Allan M Rennie) ---------------------------------------"here are a lot of agans o%t here that %se an in-erted entagram as a !anishingJgro%nding entagram that aren)t in-ol-ed in .atanism at all. 8oth the % right and in-erted entagram are tools and nothing more. "hey are sym!ols of a #ay that rit%al and magick and energy are mo-ed. Ho# each erson or gro% of eo le chooses to 4%se4 s%ch sym!ols is the key iss%e. $f yo% %se an in-erted entagram for 08lack Magic0 ((hod ho# $ hate that term. Es ecially since 8lack Magick for me designates only those #orkings done in the dark hase of the moon.) then it is the energy that yo% foc%s and the direction that 4yo%4 choose that makes them 0e-il0 in sym!ology. Ha#ke #indstrmMelf.com (Fight.talker) ------------------------------"he entagram itself is an e/tremely ancient sym!ol, #ith -ario%s forms and significances in different c%lt%res -- m%ch like the cross. "he magical entagram as %sed in a rit%al #hich roKects it to the fo%r 2%arters is a relati-ely recent inno-ation, a arently no older than the (olden ,a#n (or ossi!ly Eli has @e-i.) "he rit%al a%thors deri-ed the sym!ol from older so%rces, ro!a!ly incl%ding the Pythagoreans, and !%ilt the rit%al from it and other materials, s%ch as a Re#ish night rayer. "his is the form in #hich the entagram is %sed !y modern aganism, #hich em loys n%mero%s -ariations on the (olden ,a#n

entagram rit%al as the !asic frame#ork for circle #ork. tyagiMho%seofkaos.a!yss.com nagasi-a -------$ heard this sym!ol is %sed in a 0s irit%al comm%nications0 in certain forms of .atan #orshi . "he erson sits in the middle of the circle #hile 0 raying0 to the s irits #ho can then 0sit0 on each of the fi-e oints of the 0star0. "odd .trickland (syso M schools.st-al!ert.a!.ca) -----------------------------------------------..."he in-erted entagram has al#ays re resented a -ariety of things, as do the % right and ske# entagrams. Aside from r%dery in sym!olism a arently originating in the =Gth cent%ry, the a!%se of this sym!ol !y associating it #ith e-il or 0,e-il +orshi 0, in the *hristian sense, is an act of religio%s intolerance on a le-el #ith racism in Fa:i (ermany. 9se of the in-erted entagram !y non-*hristian .atanists is harmless, no different from %se of the s#astika !y the "heoso hical .ociety. Hate gro% s ha-e attem ted to %se the in-erted and other orientations of the entagram to engage a%thorities in the s% ression of non-*hristian religio%s organi:ations, m%ch as the Proctor and (am!le logo has !een associated #ith irrele-ant inter retations !y certain *hristian gro% s selling com etiti-e rod%cts door-to door. Accordingly, the entagram in its -ario%s orientations is an a ro riate sym!ol of solidarity #ith -ictims of !igotry. +ear it ro%dly and dis lay it in yo%r #indo#s. $f that had !een done #ith the He/agram in =G57)s (ermany, G million Re#s, (y sies and Masons might ha-e !een sa-ed from %ntimely and horri!le death. A-oidance of this sym!ol may res%lt in: A. tacit endorsement of a!%se of minorities for financial and other gain. 8. enco%ragement of children to ado t this sym!ol as a K%stification for destr%cti-e !eha-ior. G5 G5JG5 heidrickM#ell.com (8ill Heidrick) --------------------------------=) Many .atanists don)t #ear an in-erted cross. "hey ha-e no %se for that sym!ol, #hich has nothing #hatsoe-er to do #ith o%r religion or hiloso hy. ?) "he Pentagram has no 0right side % 0 or do#n orientation. $t)s an almost circ%lar sym!ol, #hich can !e %sed one- oint-% , one- ointdo#n, one- oint-right, one- oint-left, or aske#. "here are some Pagan and +iccan folk #ho %se #hat yo% call the 0in-erted0 entagram as a sym!ol of their initiation. "here are some .atanists #ho %se the entagram in other #ays than #hat yo% call 0in-erted.0 My ersonal %se is one- oint-do#n, for reasons !ased in the disc%ssion of sym!olism in the "em le of .et)s 3*rystal "a!let. $t has nothing to do #ith any Pagan, +icca, or *hristian %se of a similar sym!ol. 8alanoneMtefn%t.gigo.com (8alanone) ----------------------------------.% osedly, a 0good0 entagram has only one oint % , and the 0in-erted0 entagram, #hich is associated #ith 0e-il0 de-ils and demons (1) is hated. 0+hite0 #itches are 2%ick to oint o%t that the entagrams they #ear aro%nd their necks are not 0e-il0 etc, and e-en Anton @aAey

(fo%nder, *h%rch of .atan) says that he %ses the t#o oint % entagram to re resent man)s carnal (-s 0s irit%al0 nat%re), #hich is !asically correct. +hat he does not mention is that the t#o oint % entagram is older and m%ch more common. "he one oint % entagram #as !asically something that came along #ith the 0+icca0 mo-ement -ia (erald (ardner et al; in other #ords, it is recent and in-ented !y eo le !orn and raised *hristian. Fact. +ell, looking !ack thro%gh historical st%ff, the theme of 6 things is e/tremely common and is associated #ith the (oddess (ref. 3"he +hite (oddess3 !y Ro!ert (ra-es: #ell kno#n !ook). @ooking thro%gh certain art, yo% can also find a entagram, #hich is al#ays ? oints % . Po% can go to yo%r li!rary and get any !ook of "antrik art to see this. Freemasons %se it to mean 0man0, #hich is also easily -erifia!le. "he oint is, the entagram goes #ay !ack and is common, erha s !eca%se the image and general sha e is common in nat%re: many animal faces ha-e this sha e and lants do as #ell, !%t only if it has ? oints % . 8oth of the referenced mystical gro% s are older than the 0#hite #itches0 and the mo-ement in general. "his is something yo% sho%ld !e a!le to research and see for yo%rself retty easily. ...as $ said, the t#o easiest gro% s that %se this and are kno#n to !e old, etc, are the Freemasons and "antriks, #hich are gro% s not historically related and ha-e different origins and traditions, !%t !oth %se a t#o- oint % entagram. "he Freemasons call it the Eastern .tar, and yo% can ro!a!ly get a gra hic file of this off of the internet (so yo% don)t e-en ha-e to go to the li!rary). *heck 0Alt.Freemasonry0 ($ think it is) and may!e someone can gi-e yo% ointers; yo% can also see on that gro% Freemasons !eing acc%sed of %sing the 0de-il)s sign0, #hich is f%nny, since Freemasons ha-e !een along m%ch longer than the *h%rch of .atan1 For the "antrik st%ff, most any art history !ook a!o%t it #ill ha-e at least one entagram in there: $ ha-e seen them either in 0sym!ols relating cosmos0 ict%res or chakra diagrams. .ince most !ooks dra# on !asically the same materials, $ cannot recommend a s ecific one. R%st look in the com %ter %nder 0"antrik art0 or 0art "antrik0. 8rendan -----------------------------------"he Pentagram !%siness is a 4con-ention4, not an a!sol%te. 8%t it)s !een intentionally !%ilt % and reinforced o-er the last ?7-57 years as the American +iccanJFeoPagan mo-ement has e-ol-ed. Most eo le are ta%ght that the % right star re resents the h%man 0. irit0: an indi-id%al erson in charge of their o#n destiny, and %nifying the other Fo%r Elements #ithin himJherself. .o far, so good, rightT $n the late =GI7)s, a #hole !%nch of !ooks on +itchcraft, Magick, and 'cc%ltism came o%t. "here #as a !ig 0fad0 thing ha ening there for a#hile, ro!a!ly d%e to the infl%ence of the *o%nterc%lt%re. En2%iring minds #anted to kno#: $s there magic(k)T ,oes it #orkT Ho# can $ do itT +ill $ go to Hell for doing itT And s%ddenly there #ere all these !ooks. $n this era, Anton @aAey started the *h%rch of .atan and %!lished 0"he .atanic 8i!le0. '!-io%sly his *h%rch needed a logo, and so he t%rned to the #orks of Eli has @e-i, the =Gth-cent%ry French 'cc%ltist. @e-i li-ed in a re ressi-e time and lace (he #as act%ally a *atholic riest) and got his #ritings ast the censors !y making a !ig, !old distinction !et#een (ood and E-il. $t is @e-i)s famo%s engra-ing of 08a homet0 #hich !ecame the 'fficial .atanist @ogo: modified and some#hat % dated to incl%de the $n-erted Pentagram em hasi:ing the Horns of .atan. 8%t in +ica, as fo%nded !y (erald (ardner, the $n-erted Pentagram #as %sed as a sym!ol of the .econd ,egree, #hich treats of the Horned 'ne and his

o#ers of "ransformation: ,eath, @o-e, and Re!irth. .o to +itches (at least from =GHG on) it had a different, more 0ne%tral0 meaning. $n English ractice it is still %sed as the .econd-,egree sym!ol. (Perha s in certain #ays the 8rits tend to !e more sensi!le and less s% erstitio%s than #e, yesT) 8%t not here in the 9.A, oh no1 As soon as the in-erted-Pentagram .atanic @ogo got identified in the %!lic mind #ith E-il 8lack Magic(k), those an/io%s to disting%ish +icca from .atanism made it 2%ite lain that 0#e0 only %se the 9 right .tar. $ can)t !lame the American *raft for this: it #as an e/ edient demanded !y the time. ($f yo% think #e got 0cl%eless ne#!ies0 no#, yo% sho%ld ha-e seen #hat #as o%t there then1) And so the 9 right Pentagram has gone do#n, o-er time (!%t not that m%ch time, really) as the sym!ol for those #hose magic(k) is 0Positi-e0 ((ood) not 0Fegati-e0 (8aaaad). As for the $n-erse Pentagram -- K%st try #earing one to a arty, es ecially if yo%)re fifteen years old -- and see ho# m%ch attention yo% get1 0Eee-il0 still e2%als 0.e/y and ,angero%s0 in o%r c%lt%re; add the 0$ 4am4 a Master +arlock0 s in and yo% may 4act%ally get laid41 .o yo% can %nderstand #hy the $n-erse Pentagram is a !ig !oon to lonely, horny eo le still in the 0+orkin) the 8ar =7=0 hase of de-elo ment. (Anton @aAey certainly did1) +itches are s% osed to !e, $MH', more s%!tle than that. $f yo% a reciate the distinction !et#een ra# fish and s%shi yo% ro!a!ly giggle at eo le #ho #ear $n-erse Pentagrams. 8%t don)t get in their face #ith it -- for most of them it)s legitimate self-assertion, gi-en a c%lt%re in #hich they m%st #restle #ith the Utian notion that it)s 0e-il0 to R%st 8e "hemsel-es. .ooner or later they may disco-er more s%!tle as ects of Magic(k) -- or may!e not, if it really #orks for them. Mean#hile a strongly- roKected (if %ns oken) 0that)s 4tacky140 #ill %s%ally take care of the 0 ro!lem0. 848, net#itchM ani/.com (8alachandra) -------------------------------...Po%)re conf%sed. $t)s the 4% right4 Pentacle that is the 0.ign of Man0, and it)s alchemical sym!ology, not Masonic. @eonardo de Ainci %ses it in his -ery famo%s dra#ing of a Man #ith his arms and legs o%tstretched, #ith the % right Pentacle !ehind him V framing him. R%st my W.7?. #alter6M!re#ich.com (+alter Fi-e) --------------------------------@eonardo)s famo%s sketch does 4not4 contain a entagram of any descri tion. *heck an art history !ook, or if yo% ha-e +e! access, the % er half of the ict%re may !e fo%nd at htt :JJleonardo.netJ as an inline gif. "he fig%re is dra#n on a s% erim osed s2%are and circle, 4not4 a entagram. 0A !ea%tif%l theory, callo%sly m%rdered !y cold, %nfeeling facts.0 treiMacm.org (Peter "rei) -------------------------8e it one or t#o oints % , the osition is really irrele-ant. $n !oth PaganJ+iccan and .atanist traditions it de ends on #hich #ay that the Pentagram is dra#n. $f !eing %sed for the ositi-e or 0gathering0 means, it is traditionally dra#n clock#ise. $f !eing %sed to negate or 0diminish0, it is dra#n co%nterclock#ise. Ho#e-er, the fact that one

#ay is 0e-il0 #hile the other is not is % to one)s o#n erce tion. "hro%gho%t the ages, many religio%s sym!ols ha-e !een %sed to ser-e one)s o#n means and !y that they tend to ha-e !een corr% ted. 8lessed 8e11 reloMcy!ernetics.net (Mel%sine) ------------------------------More .tar .t%ff Vc. (@ong Post): =. Freemasonry $n Masonic tradition, the % right interlaced Pentagram is sometimes %sed to sym!oli:e the sitting Master of the @odge. "his is an old tradition, -ery o %lar in the =>th and =Gth cent%ries, es ecially in English @odges. $t has fallen into dis%se here here in the 9., ossi!ly !eca%se of the association of the Pentagram #ith 'cc%ltism. (Masons ha-e eno%gh tro%!le #ith grat%ito%s reK%dice #itho%t %sing a sym!ol o %larly tho%ght to !e a 0negati-e0 one.) Ho#e-er, $ ha-e seen se-eral anti2%e Past Master)s Re#els ( resented !y the @odge to the o%tgoing Master on his retirement from the East) in #hich the $nterlaced Pentagram is s% erim osed % on the *om asses, #ith the traditional car-ed moonstone at its center. $t may also !e noted that a 0hidden0 as ect of the sym!olic Pentagram e/ists in the E?o angle of the o en *om asses as seen in Freemasonry)s standard logo. "his is intentional. As for 0Eastern .tar0: $ am a mem!er of the 'rder of Eastern .tar, a Masonic +omen)s 'rgani:ation, (fo%nded in the =>I7)s) #hose sym!ol is the fi-e- ointed .tar (4not4 the $nterlaced Pentagram). Each .tar Point re resents a heroine of 8i!lical lore (three from the 'ld "estament and t#o from the Fe#) #ho e/em lifies a Feminine Mystery. For e/am le, $ sit at the Point of Esther (aka $shtar, $sis, Astarte) and re resent Her -- 2%ite a treat for a (oddess-#orshi er like me. $n most .tate R%risdictions, the 0Eastern .tar0 is seen #ith t#o oints % , something the Fational organi:ation ref%ses to change des ite #hat $ imagine can !e rather nasty ress%re from local F%ndamentalist gro% s. $n Fe# Pork .tate (#here the '.E... #as fo%nded) ho#e-er, o%r .tar has 4al#ays4 !een seen #ith one oint % right. $ don)t kno# #hy the others originally chose the re-ersed .tar, !%t $)ll ask someone from o%t-of-state sometime and erha s then !e a!le to re ort on it. net#itchM ani/.com (8alachandra) -------------------------------"he -ersion $ kno# of the logic !ehind this goes: Pentagram ointsL @.ARM (Air) @.@eg (Earth) Head(. irit) R.ARM (Fire) R.@eg (+ater)

And is sym!olic of the tri%m h of Mind o-er manJthe elements. (good) "he $n-erse entagram !eing sym!olic of the domination of the s iritJ#illJmind !y the earthly forces, @%st,(reed,etc. (!ad) "herefore )+hites) seeking to control their !odily %rges #ear the )good) ty e. )8lacks) glorifying and magnifying their !odily %rges #ear the )!ad)

ty e. *ro#ley)s -ie# #as that neither -ersion #as intrinsically good or !ad !%t #as merely a classic magical instance of an As ect. Each sho%ld !e %sed according to the o!Kect of the rit%alJtalisman or the forces !eing in-oked. E/am le: +hen in-oking Elementals to act%ally ,' #ork a !ase % oint do#n sho%ld !e %sed and #hen in-oking $ntelligences to ans#er 2%estions, offer g%idance etc. then a oint % entagram sho%ld !e %sed. MalcolmMceltic.demon.co.%k (Malcolm (randis) -------------------------------------------"he single- oint-% entagram in fact a ears in the ancient -erse a!o%t .ir (a#aine and the (reen &night. .ir (a#aine carries a shield #ith a entagram em!la:oned on it like a coat of arms. "he oem states that the entagram sym!oli:es, among other things, the fi-e senses, the fi-e fingers, and the fi-e &nightly Airt%es (*o%rtesy, *hastity, (enerosity, 8rotherly @o-e, and Pity -- interestingly, co%rage is not incl%ded). rosannaMi!m.net (Rosanna E. "%fts) ---------------------------------A #eird thing a!o%t the fi-e- ointed star: e-ery ten years ($ thinkT 9h oh, may!e that)s #rong... any#ay, e-ery Binsert time eriod hereD) the lanet Aen%s traces a erfect entagram across the sky #hen -ie#ed from earth. "he Pythagoreans %sed to #ear it on their ro!es--none of them e-ery really told my 4#hy4. cc=6>7=GMmail.idt.net (little o) -------------------------------$n article , Kacr%t%Mm-.m-.com (*a tain Horatio P%g#ash) #rote: Q "o the !est of my kno#ledge, the entagram #as a sha e Qdisco-ered !y (reek mathematicians. $t #as significant Q!eca%se if a entagram is dra#n in a erfectly e2%iang%lar Q entagon, t#o of the line segments it descri!es are in Qthe e/act ro ortion of the (olden Rectangle, the (reek Qsha e of erfect aesthetic harmony. $t #as re-ered !y the QPlatonist c%lts that !elie-ed in the o#er of certain Qsha es and n%m!ers. $ #o%ld res%me that s% erstitions Qa!o%t it #ere disseminated !y agan Rome and !ecame art Qof E%ro ean folk tradition... "he (reeks may ha-e (and ro!a!ly did) deri-e the mathematical form%lae for inscri!ing a erfect entagram, !%t the sym!ol itself ro!a!ly redates them. $ !elie-e $)-e seen ict%res of entagrams in African etrogly hs, for instance. $t seems more likely to me that the Pythagorean rather than the Platonic schools re-ered the sym!ol. $ recall no disc%ssion of mathematical form%lae in Platonic literat%re - #hich doesn)t mean it doesn)t e/ist, merely that it is o-er#helmed in my memory !y other, mostly olitical hiloso hies. $ !elie-e that the Pythagoreans #ere more a t to !e regarded !y other (reeks as c%ltists than #ere st%dents of Plato, !%t $)ll admit that the im ression is gleaned more from Mary Rena%lt than from contem orary so%rces.

And, for #hat it is #orth, the early fathers of the Uian ch%rch selected the entagram to re resent the .tar of 8ethlehem for a reason: it sym!oli:es the Pentagrammaton, PHA.hH, Peho-eshah, #hich #as translated into (reek as Res%s. 8oth the "etragrammaton and the Pentagrammaton a ear to redate &a!alah, the earliest so%rces for #hich are fo%nd, $ !elie-e, in t#elfth or thirteenth cent%ry France and (ermany - !%t they do not redate the so%rces from #hich the &a!alah #as dra#n. "hat sym!oli:m 4may4 ha-e !een the reason medie-al .atanists are res%med to ha-e in-erted the entagram, tho%gh my reading s%ggests they referred to in-ert the cross. $ al#ays find it odd that /ians sometimes claim that a sym!ol #hich from the earliest years of their religion has re resented their (od is really the sym!ol of His enemy. !airdMgate.net (8aird .tafford) ------------------------------------------------"he oints of the entagram are -ie#ed !y many as follo#s: to : . irit, right to : +ater, right !ottom: Fire, left to : Air, @eft !ottom: Earth. Most #ear them to remind them to al#ays ha-e . irit o-er the elements in life. Also @ife, health, rotection (es ecially against hostile s irits.) Also a h%man !eing as a microcosm of the %ni-erse. "he oints can re resent the fi-e senses, stages of life or states of conscio%sness.. Ho e this is of some hel 1 "here is a lot of sym!olism in a entagram it has had many names thro%gh the ages: Pental ha, the Endless &not, the Pentacle of the Airgin, "he .eal of the Microcosm, the .tar of &no#ledge, the Pentacle of the "em lars, and according to some, the .eal 'f .olomon, Medie-al ch%rchman ho#e-er, called it #itch)s f%nk or #i:ard)s star. $t has !een %sed !y .%merians, &a!!alists, *elts, Egy tians, *hristians and (y sies. dale/anHIIMaol.com (,Ale/anHII) --------------------------------------0$:a!ela +ysoka0 : Q +hat is the EUA*" meaning of the in-erse entagramT $ kno# it is to Q sym!oli:e a goat)s head, !%t $ g%ess, this is not all. "he so-called 0in-erse0 entagram (#hich can also !e deri-ed !y rotating it eighteen degrees) may ha-e gotten its nasty re %tation from its $slamic a lication as a sim le decoration. 'ne can find an e/am le of this on the co-er of ..H. Fasr)s 3$slamic $deals and Realities3, #hich feat%res a -ery ornate 0in-erse0 entagram #ith the Ara!ic scri t for 0Allah0 in the center entagon. "here #as a time #hen *hristians tho%ght M%hammad #as the Antichrist, and anything #ith any $slamic connection #as considered 0e-il.0 :entaoG5MK%no.com (&e-in 8oldJFra:. 8araka) LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL "his doc%ment is *o yright (c) =GG>, a%thors cited. All rights reser-ed. Permission to distri!%te the collection is here!y granted ro-iding that distri!%tion is electronic, no money is in-ol-ed, reasona!le attem ts are made to %se the latest -ersion and all credits and this co yright notice are maintained.

'ther re2%ests for distri!%tion sho%ld !e directed to the indi-id%al a%thors of the artic%lar articles. nagasi-a, tyagi tyag$Mho%seofkaos.A!yss.coM ($MAM)