1: What are the 4 stages of American Environmental History?

1-Hunter-Gather Society 2-Argicultural Revolution 3-Industrial/Medical Revolution 4-Information/Globalization Revolution 2: Why were the Hunter-Gatherers considered to have a low environmental impact? The HunterGatherers are considered to have a low environmental impact because they had small populations, low resources per person and nomadic/shifting land use. 3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the Greatest Mistake in Human History? The argicultural revolution was considered the "Greatest Mistake in Human History", because the population growth was expanding causing more waste. And since people wanted more resources it created more demand. 4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution:

Good More food. Supports larger communities. Longer life expectancy. Higher standards of living for many people.

Bad

Destruction of wildlife habitat from cleaning forests and grasslands. Killing of wildlife animal feeding on grass or crops. Soil eroded into streams and rivers.

5: What are the Roots of abuse in the American Frontier Era? -First colonies -Guns -Axes -Wheels -Mainfest Destiny-"Man is controller of the land, not just the part of the land". -Westward Expansion-more unlimited resources 6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo over a short period of time? The population of the buffalo was enormous in the 1500's but when communities started migrating towards the West, the population was decreasing. 7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment. -Shift from renewable wood to non-renewable fuels -Switch to large-scale manufacturing production -Cities appeared -Move from rural to urban areas -Increased food production

8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution

Good Mass production of useful affordable products Higher standards of living for many Greatly increased argicultural production Lower infant morality Longer life expectancy

Bad Increased air pollution Increased water pollution Increased waste production Soil depletion and degrading Groundwater depletion

9: List some events of the Early Conservation Era: -1832-1870: Growing public arms, at loss of forests, resources and wilderness. -1870-1930: New government and non-government groups are formed to protect natural resources. "Golden Age of Conservation". -1930-1960: Great Depression, Dust Bowl and 2 World Wars. Growing sense of environmental responsibility and connection. Larger tracts of land purchased and managed by the government. 10: Explain how each of the following Early Environmentalists impacted the environmental movement: * Henry David Thoreau- Warned Massachusetts about wildlife areas in his book " Walden Pond and Life in the woods". * George Perkins Marsh-Warned about the collapse of civilization in his book "Man and Nature".

*John Wesley Powell- First advocate to regulate land use. * President Grant- Yellow Stone National Park was created by him in 1872. * President Harrison- Passed a law stating that the President could set aside lands for national parks and national forests. * John Muir- Founded the Sierra Club in 1892. * Gifford Pinchot- 1st Chief U.S. Forester *Theodore Roosevelt- Created 40+ wildlife refuges, tripled forests reserves. * Stephen Mather- 1st Head of Park Services. 11: What was the 1st federal land restoration project? Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA) 12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for? Planted trees, erosion control, nature trails, etc. 13: Why was the Taylor Grazing Act important to the environment? Explain. They regulated grazing of public land, preventing exposure of top soil which would get blown away due to the land and end up preventing future planting. 14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era? After WWII, people started consuming more materialistic items. Which meant buying more products and the increase in technology meaning resources were being used. 15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for starting the movement? How? The era started in the 1960's and was started by Rachel Carson, with her book "Silent Spring". 16: Who was Aldo Leopold? Aldo Leopold was an environmentalist philosopher, who wrote "Sand County Almanac". he believed that humans are part of a "community" that includes natural resources. 17: When was the 1st official Earth Day? January 1, 1970 18: What were some key legislation in the 60s, 70s and 80s? -Wilderness Act (1964) -Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (1968) -National Environmental Policy Act (1969) -The Clean Air Act (1972) -The Clean Water Act (1972) -Pesticide Control Act (1972) -Endangered Species Act (1973)

-Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) -Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977) -Alaska Bill (1980) -Superfund (1980) 19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for? Environmental Protection Agency, protecting human health and the environment. As well as monitoring air and water quality. 20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES? Natural Resources Conservation Services, monitoring private land use, advises landowners on soil/water conservation methods. Conservation on International Trade in Endangered Species, international agreement to penalize those who trade endangered organisms or their body parts. 21: List the following: * Montreal Protocol:1978, agreement to phase out use of ozone-depleting chemicals by 2005/2006. * IPCC: 1998, thousands of scientists monitor and share reports on atmospheric change. * Kyoto Protocol: 1997, agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012. 22: List some of the important U.S. Environmental Laws below: -Clean Air Act (1962) -Clean Water Act (1962) -NEPA (1962) -Wilderness Act (1964) -FIFRA (1972) -Marine Protection Act (1972) -Endangered Species Act (1973) -Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) -TSCA (1976) -Resources Conversation and Recovery Act (1976) -Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1979) -Superfund (1980) -Food Quality Protection Act (1996)

-HFI (2003) -Energy Policy Act (2005)