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One of the strangest British artworks of the 1960s was John Latham's Skoob
Box. (Skoob is 'books' in reverse.) This work has almost been forgotten because it
was mysteriously destroyed by fire at the Round House in London during the
late 1960s by unknown hands for unknown reasons. A reconstruction of the Box
has been undertaken. The Box was an environmental structure, a wooden cube -
7ft x 7ft x 7ft - made from double-skin hardboard lined with canvas. Inside were
three relief elements made from old books and other materials extruding from
the walls and ceiling positioned where a right-hand spiral would intersect them.
The work was completed when someone stood inside and contributed their
attention. (It accommodated one person at a time; there was a low entrance door
which closed to produce a dark interior.) Above the head of the viewer,
embedded in the ceiling, was a single book plus two lights - one white, one 'black'
sequence of 'black', white and twilight (each phase lasted 15 seconds). Besides
books, relief materials included plaster, metal castings, wire and an old
telephone. Touches of fluorescent paint were added to the page openings of the
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He became notorious in the late 1950s for his assemblages made from mutilated
and burnt books. By 1964 he was constructing towers made from encyclopaedias
and artbooks in order to incinerate them in public. The Box began life in 1959-60.
'destructive' artist employing fire should itself suffer the fate of being destroyed
by fire.
with his earlier work and ideas. At that time several of his assemblages had
these were connected by snaking metal wires or pipes. In the Box the three
clusters of books and junk represented different states and levels of human
low down on wall one; 2) a more rational state - a smaller mass, a more orderly
library high up on wall two - capable of observing state one; 3) an intuitive state -
a single book ·and lights on the ceiling - capable of observing states one and two.
State three Latham equated with the artist, a person capable of encompassing
and going beyond states one and two. Latham explained the workings of the
structure as follows:
‘In the Skoob Box there is a mass on the low left wall that is random deposited
junk, some books in it, but a heap in disorder. It could correspond to the mem-
ory bank of the Dmitri character [In Dostoyevsky‘s 1880 novel The Brothers
Karamazov]. Like he never got outside of it. On the adjacent wall and at eye
level there was a smaller mass, a more or less orderly library. Now, observation
from a point outside the primary experience-record will give rise to reflective
interaction of the two centres of information can correspond with the second
brother (Ivan). I was using a tangible spatial analogy for relationship between
observation from a new position, there is a third mass - at a position where the
spiral curve continued through masses 1 and 2 would meet the surface - which
is on the ceiling. This carried one book, a black light and an occluding white
Evidently, the Skoob Box was intended as a model of the processes and levels
through which humanity achieves a state of knowing or insight into the nature of
On the floor of the Skoob Box footprints were marked showing where the viewer
should stand. When a viewer completed the work, he or she occupied a fourth
One cannot help but note similarities between Latham's Box and another
cabinet that became famous in the United States during 1950s, namely Wilhelm
Reich's Orgone Accumulator. (Latham only learnt about Reich's cabinet after he
had completed the Skoob Box.) Reich (1897-1957) was an Austrian psychologist
who contributed to sexual politics by arguing that regular orgasms were essential
to a healthy life and that units of cosmic energy existed called 'orgones'. Mental
illness was caused by orgone deficiency. This lack could be treated in a specially
constructed box made from layers of organic and inorganic materials. The
cabinet was designed to accumulate orgones and then to transmit them to the
patient. Reich died in prison in 1957 after being prosecuted by the American
authorities as a fraud but became a cult figure during the sexual revolution of the
1960s; his theories are still influential in the sphere of alternative medicine.
The Box had a short but lively existence. In 1962 it travelled to Paris in order
Then, for a time, it was stored in the basement of Kingsley Hall in London's East
End. During the ’60s this building was the centre for The Philadelphia
and others. In 1964 a handdrawn, exploded diagram of the Box was reproduced
Trocchi and William Burroughs, was a key figure in the emerging underground
'All persons using or constructing a Skoob Box or misusing the Kingsley Hall, or
using the Kingsley Hall for anything but its appointed function as occupational
therapy centre for radio active cases past the stage of fitness for admission to
official shelters and all persons concealing information which could lead to the
schizophrenic who was later cured and who became a painter in her own right. In
her disturbed state, Barnes would lie in her own urine for hours and smear her
body and nearby walls with her own faeces. Infantile regression also necessitated
a return to the womb. No wonder she found the Skoob Box therapeutic; it was a
cosy nest, a retreat. Barnes arrived at Kingsley Hall in 1965. In her memoirs she
recalled:
'The first Saturday I was in Kingsley Hall Ronnie [Laing] was there. He
shows me the Box, made by John Latham. "It's in the basement. You can get in
it: We try it, it's beautiful. A big wooden box. You bend down to go in the
opening. There's coloured lights inside. They go on and off. All different colours.
Wires and books on a wall, and it has a floor. It's super. Stay in the Box and you
really go places. I want to try it. John has to come and fix it up a bit more. I
'Coming home from therapy ... I would run down, down, to the Box. This was
my biggest delight, the Box. I sat still in there. Bringing blankets and my quilt
down from my boxes, I lay, cuddled in with my things. Then I watered. This
worried me, suppose the Box was damaged. It might not "work". I was "going
somewhere" in the Box. It was to give me experiences - out of this world. The
lights came on and off. You watched them. I went upstairs, wrapped in some
Box".
Ronnie was quite nice and smiling. Not cross. It seemed it was all right. I went
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Latham was not so sanguine about his work of art being used as a lavatory.
Mental trips - induced by means of drugs and rock music/light shows - were
feature of 1960s underground culture. In Barnes' case, the magical qualities of
the Box were sufficient to enable her to travel in her imagination. Another
famous box of the era that had the same ability to transcend the everyday limits
of space and time was 'The Tardis' - the time-travel spaceship disguised as a
wooden police telephone booth in Dr Who. The hero Doctor of the TV series,
first transmitted in 1963, was a 'Time-Lord'. Latham too was obsessed with
time; he argued passionately that existing concepts of space and matter should
be discarded and replaced with concepts of time and event. Following its stay at
Kingsley Hall, the Skoob Box appeared at various rock music festivals including
ones at which Pink Floyd played. Finally, it came to rest at the Roundhouse,
Camden Town which, at that time, was the home of Arnold Wesker's Centre 42,
Latham recalls that, when he went to the Roundhouse to collect the Box for
an exhibition, he was . told 'we can't find it'. He continues, 'I knew where it had
been stored, and I went there to look. A man was around who told me it had
been disposed of - on a bonfire. He told me he had saved a piece and went to get
it. The piece was a grey-painted book attached to a stainless steel pipe. I
instantly recognised it. He gave me the piece and I have it. I tookthe matter up
correspondence. Wesker wrote in dudgeon to say not to waste his time on trivia.
As I remember it, the case got stuck over liability, which the Roundhouse
enquiries as to the fate of the Skoob Box, but both said they had no recollection
of how or why it came to be destroyed. Diamond's records from the 1960s have
also been destroyed by fire (!). He recalls that the Box was 'wrecked by some
workmen who did not understand what it was and who were carrying out some
Now that the Skoob Box has been reconstructed - by Latham with the
assistance of Ismail Saray (of AND organisation, London) and financed by John
A. Walker - a grievous loss to British art has been made good. Had the original
Box survived, no doubt it would have been one of the highlights of the 'Worlds
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Photos of the reconstructed Skoob Box, exhibited as part of The Attorney Project :
John Latham, Artist versus Physics, Philosophy and Theology, at the Festival
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(1) My Own Mag (9) November 1964, p. 8. See
http://realitystudio.org/images/bibliographic_bunker/jeff_nuttall/my_own_mag/my
_own_mag.09.08.jpg
(2) M Barnes and J Berke, Mary Barnes: Two Accounts of a Journey Through
barnes.net/
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This is a revised version of an article published in Art Monthly, (185) April 1995, pp.
3-5.
http://www.and.org.uk/
John A. Walker is a painter and art historian. He is the author of John Latham -
the Incidental Person - his Art and Ideas, (London: Middlesex University Press,
1995). See also 'The spray gun and the cosmos: John Latham's spray-gun
paintings of the 1950s'. (Catalogue essay) (London: Delaye/Saltoun, Feb 2008), pp.