1:Whatarethe4stagesofAmericanEnvironmentalHistory? HunterGathererSociety25,00012,000ybp AgriculturalRevolutionC.12,000ybp Industrial/MedicalRevolutionLate1700sto1900s Information/GlobalizationRevolution1980sonwards 2:WhyweretheHunterGatherersconsideredtohavealowenvironmentalimpact? Theyhadsmallpopulations,lowresourcesperperson,andtheyshiftedland 3:WhydoyouthinkJaredDiamondcoinedtheagriculturalrevolutionastheGreatestMistake inHumanHistory?

Therewasmorewastemoredemandsandmorehabitatdestruction 4:ContrasttheGoodandBadoftheAgriculturalRevolution: Good Morefood Supportedalargepopulation Longerlifeexpectancy Higherstandardoflivingformanypeople Formationoftownsandcities Townandcitiesservedascentersfortrade Bad Destructionofwildlifehabitats Killingofwildanimalsfeedingongrassand crops Fertilelandturnedintodesertbylivestock overgrazing Soilerodedintostreamsandlakes Townsandcitiesconcentratedwasteand pollution Increasedinarmedconflictandslavery

5:WhataretheRootsofabuseintheAmericanFrontierEra? TheFirstColonists 3Thingsthatwould changethecontinent Guns! Axes! Wheels! ManifestDestinymaniscontrolleroftheland,notjustpartoftheland WestwardExpansion Vast,unlimitedresources 6:LookatthegraphicoftheNorthAmericanBuffaloterritorywhathappenedtotheBuffalo overashortperiodoftime? Theydecreasedinpopulation 7:ListHOWtheIndustrialRevolutionimpactedtheenvironment. Longerlifespan Largerperpersonresourceuse

Increasedhabitatdestructionandpollution 8:ListtheGOODandBadnewsoftheIndustrialMedicalRevolution Good Massproductionofusefulandaffordable products Higherstandardofliving Greatincreaseinagricultureproduction Lowerinfantmortality Longerlifeexpectancy Increasedurbanization Lowerrateof Bad Increaseairpollution Increaseinwaterpollution Increaseinwasteproduction Soildepletionanddegradation Groundwaterdepletion Habitatdestructionofdegradation Biodiversitydepletion

9:ListsomeeventsoftheEarlyConservationEra: Beginningoffederalcontrol Goldenageconservation Greatdepression,worldwars 10:ExplainhoweachofthefollowingEarlyEnvironmentalistsimpactedtheenvironmental movement: *HenryDavidThoreau:Massachusettswildlifeareas(WaldenPond,LifeInTheWoods) *GeorgePerkinsMarsh:warnedaboutcollapseofcivilizationinManandNature(1864) *JohnWesleyPowell:firstadvocatetoregulatelanduse *PresidentGrant:CreatedYellowstonenationalpark *PresidentHarrison:passedalawstatingthatthePresidentcouldsetasidelandsfornational parksandnationalforests *JohnMuir:foundedSierraClub1892 *GiffordPinchot:1stChiefU.S.Forester *TheodoreRoosevelt:Created40+wildliferefuges,tripledforestreserves *StephenMather:1stHeadofParkService 11:Whatwasthe1stfederallandrestorationproject? Postdepression,economyneededemploymentandindustrialproduction 12:WhatweretheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC)responsiblefor? plantedtrees,erosioncontrol,naturetrailsgiveunemployedmenjobsduringthe depression 13:WhywastheTaylorGrazingActimportanttotheenvironment?Explain. regulatedthegrazingofpublicland 14:WhywasWWIItheendoftheConservationEra? Becausetheirgoalwastoconsumewhattheycould

15:Whendidtheenvironmentalerastart?Whowasresponsibleforstartingthemovement? How? Itstartedinthe1960RachelCarsonwasresponsibleforthismovementbyan environmentalbacklashinthe80s 16:WhowasAldoLeopold? AnenvironmentalPhilosopher 17:Whenwasthe1stofficialEarthDay? ThefirstofficialEarthDaywasinJanuary1st1970 18:Whatweresomekeylegislationinthe60s,70sand80s? Thewildernessactin1964 WildandScenicRiversAct:1968 NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct:1969 TheCleanAirAct:1972 TheCleanWaterAct:1972 PesticideControlAct:1972 EndangeredSpeciesAct:1973 ResourceConservationandRecoveryAct:1976 SurfaceMiningControlandReclamationAct:1977 AlaskaLandsBill:1980 Superfund:1980 19:WhatistheEPA?Whataretheyresponsiblefor? EPAisafederalmoneyforstudying&improvingenvironmentalquality 20:WhoaretheNRCS?Whataretheyresponsiblefor?WhataboutCITES? TheyaretheNaturalResourcesConservationServiceTheymonitorprivatelanduse, adviseslandownersonsoil/waterconservationmethodsCitesaretheConventionon InternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies 21:Listthefollowing: *MontrealProtocol:a1987internationalagreementinitiatedbyUNEPtophaseoutuseof ozonedepletingchemicals *IPCC:IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange *KyotoProtocol:A1997internationalagreementtoreducetheemissionofgreenhousegases by5% 22:ListsomeoftheimportantU.S.EnvironmentalLawsbelow: MarineProtectionAct SafeDrinkingWaterAct EndangeredSpeciesAct ResourceConservationandRecoveryAct SurfaceMiningControlAndReclamationAct FoodQualityProtectionAct EnergyPolicyAct