TIME AND WORK

Work to be done usually considered as one unit. It may be constructing a wall or road. Filling up or emptying a tank or cistern or eating certain amount of food. There are some basic assumptions that are made in the problems on time and work. These are taken for granted and are not specified in every problem. 1) If a person (or one member of the workforce) does some work in a certain number of days then we assume (unless otherwise e!plicitly stated in the problem) that he does the work uniformly ie he does the same amount of work everyday. For e!ample if a person can do some work in 1" days he does 1#1" th of the work in one day If a person completes the work in $ days he does 1#$ th of the work on each day and conversely if a person can complete 1#$th of the work in one day he can complete the work in $ days. %) If there is more than one person (or members of workforce) carrying out the work it is assumed that each person (or members of the workforce) unless otherwise specified does the same amount of work each day. This means they share the work e&ually. For e!ample if a tap can fill a tank in %' minutes than in cone minute it can fill 1#%' part of the tank If two people together can do the work in ( days it means that one man can do it in 1) days. This is turn means each person can do 1#1)th of the work per day. If a man works three times as fast as a boy does the man takes one third of the time the boy takes to complete the work. If the boy takes 1% days to complete the work then the man takes $ days to complete the work. This method is known as UNITARY METHOD* ie the time taken per UNIT WORK or number of persons re&uired to complete UNIT WORK or work completed by +unit person* in +unit time etc is what is first calculated. We should recollect the fundamentals on variation (direct and inverse) here The work and men are directly proportional to each other ie if the work increases the number of men re&uired increases to complete the work in the same number of days and vice versa. Men and days are inversely proportional ie if the number of men increases the number of days re&uired to complete the same work decreases and vice versa. Wor and days are dire!tly proportional ie if the work increases the number of days re&uired also increases if the work is to be completed with same number of men and vice versa. The concept of man days is very important and useful here. The number of men multiplied by the work number of days that they take to complete the work will give the number of man days re&uired to do the work. The total number of ,onday-s re&uired to complete a specific task will remain a constant. .o if other will change accordingly so that their product will remain constant.(remember from our knowledge of variation two variables whose product is a constant are said to be inversely proportional to each other). The two variables men and days are inversely proportional to each other. E"AM#$E #RO%$EM& 1) If %' men take /' days to complete a 0ob in how many days can %" men complete the 0ob1

&ol'

If %' men can complete the 0ob in /' days then the number of mondays re&uired for the work is %'2/'3)'' mondays If this work is now is to be done by %" men since the no of mondays will be )'' the no of days they will take is )''#%"3%$ days %) Fifteen men take 1' days to complete the 0ob working 1% hours a day. 4ow may hours a day should 1' men work to complete the 0ob in %'days1 &ol' .ince 1" men take 1' days at 1% hours per day the total men hours re&uired for the 0ob is 1"21'21%31('' When 1' men are re&uired complete the same 0ob in %' days the no of men hours re&uired for the 0ob will still be the same. 4ence the no of hours they should work per day is 1"21'21%#1'2%'35hours Therefore 1' men can complete the work in %' days working for 5 hours per day. (ENERA$ )ORMU$A )* 4ence in general we say that If m1 men can do w1 work in d1 days working h1 hours per day and m% men can do w% work in d% days working h% hours per day(where all men work at the same rate)then ,1 61 41#W13 ,% 6% 4%#W% /) 7 piece of work can be done by 1) men in ( days working 1% hours a day. 4ow many men are needed to complete another work which is three times the first one in %$ days working ( hours a day &ol' In the formula above F1 ,1 61 41#W13 ,% 6% 4%#W% We know that w131 and w%3/ ,131) h131% d13( h%3( d%3%$ 1)2(21%#13m12(2%$#/3m1 %$ men )ORMU$A )+

If two persons 7 and 8 can individually do some work in p and & days respectively we can find out how much can be done by them together in one day. .ince 7 can do 1#p work in one day and 8 can do 1#& work in one day the two of them together do 1#p91#& work in one day. From this we can find out the no of days that they take to complete the work If 7 can do a piece of work in p days and 8 can do it in & days then 7 and 8 together can complete the same in p&#p9& days. $) 7 can do a piece of work in p days 8 can do the same work in 1% days in how many days can the work be completed if the 7 and 8 work together1 &ol' 7 and 8 together can do the work in 521%#591%31'(#%13"21#:days

") 7 and 8 together can do 1#1% th of work in 1% days and 7 alone can complete the work in 1( days. 4ow long will 8 alone take to complete the 0ob1 &ol' In a day 7 and 8 together can do 1#1% th of the work in a day 7 alone can do 1#1( th of the work Therefore in one day work done by 8 alone is 1#1%;1#1(31#/) .o 8 alone can complete the work in /) days.

)) 7nil and 7mit can complete a work in 1% days working together. 7mit alone can complete it in 1) days. 8oth of them worked together for $ days and then amit left. 4ow long will anil will take to complete the remaining work1 &ol' Work done in 1 day by both together 31#1% Work done by both in $ days 3$21#1%31#/ <emaining work 3%#/ Work done by anil in 1 day 31#1%;1#1)31#$( .o anil alone takes $( days to complete the work since only %#/ of the work is left anil will do the remaining work in %#/2$(3/%days :) 7 and 8 together can do a piece of work in 1% days 8 and = can do it in 1" days and = and 7 can do the same work in %' days . 4ow long would each take to finish the work1 &ol' Work done by 7 and b in 1 day31#1% Work done by 8 and = in 1 day31#1" Work done by = and 7 in 1 day31#%' 7dding all three we get work done by %(7989=) in 1 day 31#1%91#1"91#%'31#" .o 7 8 and = together finish in 1 day 1#1'th of the work Work done by 7 in 1 day 3work done by 7 8 and = in 1 day;work done by 8 and = in 1 day31#1';1#1"31#/' .o 7 alone can do it in /' days Work done by 8 in 1 day31#1';1#%' 31#%' .o 8 alone can do it in %' days Work done by = in 1 day31#1';1#1%31#)' .o = alone can do it in )' days () 7 and 8 can do work in 1% days 8 and = in 1" days and = and 7 in %' days. They all work together for ) days and then a left. In how may more days can 8 and = finish the remaining work1 &ol' Work done by 7 8 and = in 1 day 31#1'(7s calculated in previous sample) Work done by 7 8 and = in ) days3 )21#1'3/#" .o 8 and = can do the remaining %#" of the work in %#"21" 3 ) days 5) 7 can do a work in 1% days. When he had worked for / days 8 0oined him. If they complete the work in / more days in how many days can be alone finish the work1 &ol' Work done by 7 In 1 day 31#1% >o of days 7 worked 3/9/3) .o total work done by 73)21#1%31#% The remaining ? of the work is done by 8 in / days .o complete work will be done by 8 in /2%#13)days 1') 7 and 8 together can do a piece of work in 1$ %#"days 8 and = together can do the same work in 1% days. 7fter 7 worked for ( days 8 for 1% days = takes up and finished it alone in ) days. In how many days will each of them do the work working alone1 &ol' Work done by 7 and 8 in 1 day3" :#1% Work done by 8 and = in 1 day 31#1% 7 worked for ( days 8 worked for ) days to complete the work (a91%b9)c31 where

a b c are the work0 done in one day by 7 8 = respectively ((a9(b)9($a9$c)9%c31 (("#:%'9$(1#1%)9%c31 $'#:%9$#1%9%c31 %c31;()$#:%)3(#:% 3$#:%31#1( so = alone can complete the work in 1( days work done by 8 alone in 1 day3(b9c);c3"#:%;1#/)31#%$ so 8 alone can do it in /) days and 7 alone can do it in %$ days. 11) To do a certain work = alone takes twice as long as 7 and 8 together 7 would take / times as 8 and = together. 7ll the three complete the work in " days. 4ow long would take separately1 &ol' / times 7-s daily work3 (89c-s) 1 days work adding 1 time 7-s daily work to both sides we get $ times 7-s daily work3 (7989=-s)daily work31#" 7-s daily work 31#%' % times c-s daily work 3(798)-s daily work adding 1 times =-s daily work to both sides we get / times =-s daily work 3 (7989=)-s daily work 31#" .o =-s work 31#"@ = takes 1" days to do the work .o 8-s daily work3 1#"A1#%'91#1"B31#1% .o a alone can do the work in %' days 8 alone in 1% days and = alone in 1" days 1%) $ men or " women can construct a wall in (% days. 4ow long will it take " men and $ women to do the same1 &ol' Civen $m3"w where m is work done by one man in one day and w is work done by one women in one day 3D1m3"w#$ >ow "m9$w3"A"w#$B9$w3$1w#$if "w can do the work in (% days $1w#$ can do in "w2(%2$#$1w3$' days 1/) If 5 men and 1% boys can do a work in $ days and $men and 1) boys can do the same work in ) days how long will ) men and %$ boys take to complete the same work1 &ol' Civen 5m91%b can do the work in $ days and $m91)b can do the same work in ) days .o $(5m91%b) 3)($m91)b) 3Dm3$b >ow 5m91%b35($m)91%b3$(b We want )m9%$b3$(b .o ) men and %$ boys also take $ days to do the work. 1$) 7 certain no of men can do the work in %' days. If there were $ more men the work can be done in " days less. 4ow many men were initially1 &ol' Eet the initial no of men be p >o of days is %'@ so no of man days is %'p If there are $ more men that is (p9$) it is completed in 1" days .o %'p3(p9$)1"3Dp31% .o initially there were 1% men 1") F is three times as fast as G and is able to complete the work in $' days less then G. find the time in which they can complete the work together1 &ol'

If G does the work in / days F does it in 1 day that is difference is % days. 8ut the actual difference is $' days. If the difference is % days F takes 1 day and G takes / days. If difference is $' days (that %' times) F takes %' days G takes )' days .o the time taken together 3 %'2)'#%'9)' 3 1" days 1)) .ita can do work in 1% days working $ hours a day. Cita can finish the same in 1" days working / hours a day. 4ow many days can they finish it working together at $ ? hours a day1 &ol' >o of hours taken by sita31%2$3$( >o of hours taken by gita3 1"2/ 3 $" .o together they will do $"9$(#$"2$(3/1#:%' th work in one hour Together they will take 3 :%'#/1 hours or :%'#/1 days working 1 hour a day so working $ ? hours a day they can complete the work in :%'#/125#%3:%'2%#/1253 " "#/1 days 1:) 7 alone can do the work in 1% days and 8 alone in 1( days. If = takes twice as long as 7 and 8 together how long wills 8 and = together take to complete the same work1 &ol' 7 does the work in 1% days @ 8 does the same in 1( days. 4ence when they work together they take 1%21(#1%91(3/)#" days. = take twice the time 7 and 8 together take That is = take the %2/)#"3:%#" days to do the work If 8 and = work together work done per day is 3 1#1(9"#:%35#:%31#( hence 8 and = can do in ( days 1() 7 and 8 each working alone can do a work in 1' and 1" days respectively. They started the work together but 8 left after sometime and 7 finished the remaining work in " days. 7fter how may days form the start did 8 leave1 &ol' 7-s work for " days 3"21#'31#% work The remaining half of the work was done by 7 and 8 together Work done by 7 and 8 in a day is 31#1'91#1"31#) .o no of days they worked together is 3 ? # 1#) 3 / days 4ence 8 left / days form the start of the work.

15) 7 contractor decided to complete the work in $' days and employed )' men at the beginning $' men additionally after 1' days and got the work completed as per schedule. If he had not employed the additional men how may e!tra days would he have to complete the work1 &ol' 1'' men did the remaining work in ($';1')3/' days 3D )' men did it in "' days .o e!tra days needed is 3 "';/' 3 %' days %') 7 group of /" men is employed to complete some work in $( days. 7fter // days " more men are employed and the work is finished 1 day earlier@ if " more men were not employed how may more days would it have taken beyond the e!pected period1 &ol' $' men will do it in $'21$#/"31) days

H!tra time taken 3 1);1"31 day behind the schedule %1) 7 and 8 working separately can do the work in ) and 1% day. They work on alternate days starting with 7 on the first day. In how many days will the work be completed1 &ol' .ince they are working on alternate days. Eet us consider the time period of two days in which 7 does Ine day-s and 8 does the ne!t days work. in a period of two days work done by 7 and 8 together 31#)91#1%31#$ .ince they complete 1#$th of the work in a period of % days to complete the work they need $ such periods of % days ie $2%3 ( days %%) 7 and 8 working separately and do a work in ) and 5 days they work on alternate days starting with 7 on the first day. In how many days will the work be done1 &ol' .ince they are working on alternate days let us consider a period of two days If a period of two days work done by 7 and 8 31#)91#53"#1( If we consider / such time periods of % days (we are considering / periods because in the fraction of "#1( the numerator " goes / times in the denominator 1() Work done 3 /2("#1() 31"#1( <emaining work 3 /#1(31#) >ow it is 7-s turn since / whole no of periods are over Time taken by 7 to finish 1#1)th of the work is one day .o total time taken 3/2%913 : days %/) 7 and 8 working separately can do a work in 1% and 1" days. They work on alternate days starting with 7 on the 1st day. In how many days will he work be completed1 , &ol' In a period of % days work done 3 1#1%91#1" 3 /#%' In ) such time periods of % days ie 1% days (we are considering ) periods because in the fraction /#%' the numerator / goes to ) times in the denominator %') Work done is 1(#%' <emaining work 3 1;1(#%'3%#%'31#1' >ow it is 7-s turn but a does only the 1#1%th of the work in 1 day. .o balance work after 7 works for one day (Ie the 1/th) 3 1#1';1#1%3%#1%'31#)' >ow it is 8- turn to do 1#)'th of work he takes 1#)' # 1#1" 3 1#$th of a day Total no of days taken 3 ()2%) 9191#$ 3 1/ J days %$) 7 and 8 working together separately can do a work in %' and %$ days. They work on alternate days starting with 8 on the first day. In how many days will the work be completed1 &ol' Work done by 7 and 8 in a period of % days3 1#%'91#%$311#1%' If we consider 1' such tike periods (we are considering 1' periods because in the fraction 11#1%' the numerator 11 goes 1' times in the denominator 1%') Work done 3 1'211#1%'311#1% <emaining work 31;11#1%31#1% >ow it is 8-s turn and he can complete 1#%$ th of the work in 1 day so he cannot complete the work in 1 day. .o he cannot complete the balance 1#1%th of the work. .o after 1 days Work done by 8 balance work31#1%;1#%$31#%$ >ow it is 7-s turn and he can complete 1#%'th of the work in one day .o to complete 1#%$th of work he will take %'#%$3"#)th of the day. Total tike taken 3 (1'2%) 919"#) 3 %1 "#) days

NOTE& When the people doing some work earn some money together for doing the work then this money has to be shared by all the people doing the work. In general money earned should be shared by people doing the work together in the ratio of the TIT7E WI<K done by each of them. For e!ample if 7 %#"th of the work then he should %#"th of the total earnings for the work. In the remaining /#"th of the work is done by 8 and = in the ratio 1L% then the remaining /#"th of earnings(after paying 7) should be shared by 8 and = in the ration of 1L% suppose <s "'' is paid to 7 8 and = together for doing the work then 7 will get <s %''(which %#" of "'')8 will get <s 1'' and = <s %'' (because remaining /'' after paying to 7 is to be divided in the ratio of 1L% between 8 and =. When people work for the same no of days each then ratio of the total work done will be the same as the work done by each of them MH< 67G. 4ence if all the people involved work for the same no of days then the earnings can directly be divided in the ratio of the WI<K 6I>H MH< 67G by each of them. %") 7 8 and c can do a piece of work in $ " and : days respectively. They got <s $1" for the work. What is 7-s share1 .ince they work for the same no of days the ration in which they share the money is the ratio of the work done per day That is JL1#"L1#:3/"L%(L%' 4ence 7-s share is (/"#(/)2$1"3 <s 1:". %)) 7 8 and c can do a work for <s $"''. 7 and 8 together complete /#" th of the work and then = takes over the finished the work. What is the amount got by =1 Work done by =31;/#"3%#" .o =-s amount 3%#"2<s $"''3<s 1('' %:) Wages for $' women and for /' days are <. %1 )''. 4ow many men must work for %" days to earn <s1$ $'' if the daily wages for a man is double that of a women1 &ol' Wages of women per day 3 %1)''#/'2$'3 <s 1( Wages of a man3 %21( 3 <s /) .o no of men 3 1$$''#%"2/) 3 1) %() 7 8 and = can together earn <s 1 )%' in 5 days. 7 and = can earn <s )'' in " days@ where as 8 and = in : days can earn <s 51' find the daily earnings of =1 &ol' 6aily wages of 79898 3 1)%'#531(';;;;; (1) 6aily wages of 79= 3 )''#" 3 1%' ;;;;; (%) 6aily wages of 89= 3 51'#:31/';;;;; (/) A(%) 9 (/)B ;;;;;; (1) gives A7989%=B; A7989=B 3= 3 (1%'91/');1('3:' %5) Two men undertake a work for <s $('@ they can each do the work in 1) and %$ days. If they complete the work in ( days with the help of a boy how should they divide the money1 &ol'

The 1st man can do 1#1)th work in one day and since he works for ( days he does (21#1)31#%th work. .o he should get 1#%th amount 3<s %$' The %nd man can do the work in 1#%$th work in one day and he also worked for ( days he does (21#%$31#/th work. .o he should get 1#/th amount 3 <s 1)' .ince the % men earned <s $'' the balance of <s (' will be paid to the boy.

#I#E& AND -I&TERN& There can be pipes of the taps filling or emptying tanks with water. Times taken by different taps fill or empty the tank are different. Mroblems related to these can also be dealt with in the same manner as the foregoing problems on work have been dealt with. These are only one difference between the problems on regular work. (of the type seen earlier)and those in pipes and cisterns. In pipes and cisterns a filling pipe or tap does a positive work and an emptying pipe or a +leak* doe-s negative work. /') Two pipes 7 and 8 can fill a tank in 1% and 1( minutes. If both pipes are opened simultaneously how long will it take to fill the tank1 .olL part of tank filled by 7 in a minute3 1#1% Mart of tank filled by 8 in a minute31#1( Mart of tank filled the pipes in one minute 3 1#1% 91#1(3 "#/) .o the tank can be filled in /)#"3: ? minutes /1) Mies 7 can fill a tank in 1% minutes and pipe 8 in 1( minutes and pipe = and empty a full tank in /) minutes. If all of them work together find time taken to fill the empty tank1 &ol' Work done by the three pipes together in 1 minute 3 1#1%91#1(;1#/)31#5 .o the empty tank will be filled in 5 minutes. /%) Two pipes 7 and 8 can fill a tank in %' and /' minutes. There is an outlet =. if all / pipes are opened the tank will be filed in %$ minutes. 4ow much time will it take for = alone to empty the full tank1 &ol' Work done by c in one minute 3 (1#%'91#/');1#%$31#1%;1#%$31#%$ .o = can empty tank in %$ minutes. //) Two pipes 7 8 fill a tank in %' and /' minutes. if both pipes are opened at once after how much time should 7 be closed so that the tank is filled in 1" minutes1 &ol' Mipe woks for 1" minutes. In 1 minutes 8 fills 1#/' th of the tank ie the 1#"th minutes it fills 1"21#/'31#% The remaining ? is filled by 7 since 7 fills the tank fully in %' minute. It takes 1' minutes to fill ? of the tank. 4ence 7 worked for 1' minutes. .o 7 should be closed after 1' minutes. /$) Three tapes 7 8 and = together can fill a tank in / hours. 7fter 1 hour = is closed and the tank is filled in $ more hours. Find the time in which = alone can fill the tank1 &ol' Work of 7989= I> 1 hour 31#/ <emaining part of the tank 3 1;1#/3%#/ Time taken by (798)to fill this %#/rd of the tank 3 $ hours 7 and 8 together fill the tank in ) hours >ow we know that 7989=3 / hours

7983 ) hours .o =31#/;1#)31#) .o = alone can fill the tank in ) hours /") 7 tank has a leak which would empty it in ( hours. 7 tap is turned on which fills at the rate of $ litres per minute and the tank is now emptied in 1% hours. Find the capacity of the tank1 &ol' Work done by leak and filling tap in 1 hour 31#1% Work done by filling tap 3 1#(91#1%931#%$ Tank can be filled in %$ hours =apacity of tank 3 %$2)'2$ 3":)' litres