TRANSLATION (UNIT 6 + THE COLLECTED ARTICLES)

I. TASK 1: CHT V LM VIC 1. Mt chng trnh truyn hnh c bit gn y lt t c ton b hin tng ny : n pht li cnh mt ta nh trung tm thnh ph vi nhng ngn n c ci t sn chng tnh ng lot tt vo ng 10 gi ti, nhng thc s ch vi giy sau tt c cc ngn n ny u sang tr li. Ngoi nhng mn nh th ny , Nht Bn cn b ngoi tai vn t qu am m cng vic , vi dn s ch chim 2% dn s th gii nhng sn xut ti hn 10% sn lng xut khu ca th gii, t nc ny gi y ang b m nh bi mt hin tng cht ngi c gi l Karoshi. y l mt cm t gii thch cho ci cht do lm vic qu sc. Tetsunojo Uehata mt chuyn gia y t a ra thut ng ny v karoshi c nh ngha l mt tnh trng trong tnh trng lm vic khng hp l nh hng n tinh thn ko di ph v nhp cuc sng v cng vic thng ngy ca ngi lao ng, dn n suy nhc c th , hay c th l tnh trng m lm vic qu sc trin min ko theo vic trm trng hn chng cao huyt p v x cng ng mch cui cng l mt s suy sp nghim trng. Mt cch ngn gn lm vic m khng ngh ngi s hy hoi sc khe ca con ngi thm ch ngi c l ngi Nht Bn. 2. Hu nh khng tun no tri qua m vng nhng tin tc git gn v mt vi ngi khng th khng lm qu gi vi nim am m tt cng trong thi k sung mn ca anh ta. Khng lu v trc mt trung s cnh st 39 tui tn Haruo Okada c a ln trang nht khi l nn nhn ca karoshi do lm vic tng ca gp i trong 1 thng t

chc l ng quang cho tn Nht hong. Tuy cha c con s ng tin cy v s nn nhn nhng nhng nh phn tch cho rng mi nm c hng chc ngn ngi m thp t nht sinh hoc cht do lm vic qu sc. D chnh ph c cam kt ct gim gi lm th s gi lao ng trung bnh ca Nht Bn cn mc 2150 gi nm 2001 so vi M ch l 1920 gi Php l 1640 gi. 3. Nhiu ngi mun thay i tnh trng ny. Mt ng dy nng do mt nhm lut s v bc s h tr nhng nn nhn karoshi c sng lp vo nm 1988 v trong ngy u tin n tip nhn 135 cuc gi. k t gn 6000 trng hp c h tr bi 42 ng dy nng ph khp t nc v mt mng li quc t cng c thnh lp gn y. 4. nng cao nhn thc cu dn chng v vn ny v to sc p cho chnh ph v cc t chc Nht Bn hnh ng, mt nhm lut s, bc s v cc b v ca nn nhn pht hnh mt cun sch vi ta Karoshi : khi nhng chin binh cho doanh nghip qua i thut li nhiu cu chuyn khng khip. Tuy nhin chnh ph v nhiu cng ty Nht Bn hu nh khng tha nhn v hin tng ny v cng khng chi tr nhng khon bi thng c bit cho nhng ngi sng st. Theo nhn nh ca B Lao ng th lm vic qu sc ch l nguyn nhn ca ci cht khi m nn nhn lm vic lin tc 24h trc khi t vong hoc lm vic 16 ting mi ngy trong vng by ngy lin tip trc ci cht. 5. Than i , s quan tm nhiu ca gii truyn thng gn y hu nh khng h lm lay chuyn nhiu n cng lm vic. Mt cuc thm d c tin hnh bi mt cng ty bo him cho bit hn 40% cng nhn cc cng ty c kho st bc l ni s hi ca mnh v ci cht do lm vic qu sc , v rt t ngi c d nh chun b cho vn ny. Tm li , nm ti vn s l nm bn rn i vi nhng ngi trc my ng dy nng karoshi.

II. TASK 2: 1. Despite some successful Japanese women in business, the majority of Japanese companies are managed by men. 2. In spite of being dedicated with the company, many staffs hope to have more and more free time. 3. In spite of intense work habit , a lot of the Japanese socialize easily after work. 4. Despite higher salary, about 60% of the Japanese is still working on Saturday now. 5. In spite of some resemblances, many basic differences in managing style between the American and the Japanese are still being 6. Despite dearer and dearer rental fee in Tokyo city, almost all the large companies in Japan set up their own offices here. 7. In spite of advices from the experts, he defies all to keep on his project. 8. Despite the changes in investment policy of India, lastly we decide to invest to this market. III. TASK 3: 1. Qun l tri thc: knowledge management. 2. Khai thc ti a: leveragefullest. 3. Ti tr: wisdom 4. Dc sc: feverishly 5. Mng ni b: company intranet 6. Phong cch lm vic hiu qu nht: the best practice 7. Trung tm ca nhng ngi ti nng: center of excellence sites 8. C iu cha n: Something is missing 9. Ku ca: moaning IV. TASK 4:

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STARTS WITH CORPORATE CULTURE 1. There has been an unusual amount of interest in the last 4 years or so in knowledge management -that is, finding ways to capture the wisdom of the workers within an organization in order to leverage that knowledge to its fullest or to preserve it after key individuals retire from or quit the organization. 2. At first blush, it seems like an idea that someone should have thought of long ago. And that may be why nearly every company from Intel to Chevron to Lockheed Martin -just to name a few -is working feverishly to put knowledge management system in place. Intel, for example, has on its company intranet a yellow page of on-call expert resources, another site that contains the best practices within the company, a site for a network of experts who look to create standards and best practices within a given business area, and center-of-excellence sites that serve as almost a virtual university for the rest of the organization. 3. Of course, one should not oppose to the idea of knowledge management. Indeed, it makes sense for a company to leverage the many years of experience and knowledge of its workers into better products and services. But when a company tells you that it has a sense of urgency to put in place a knowledge management system, which suggests that something is missing in its management style. 4. Maybe its managers arent empowering their workforce but just paying lip service to the concept. Or maybe they only think they have a good environment to spur creativity and innovation, but in reality they dont. Or maybe theyre simply not doing a good job of managing their people or planning for the future. 5. How frequently do you hear managers moaning the fact that the only person familiar with a technology or process is retiring and they dont know how theyre going to find an adequate replacement? And how often do you see employees with great knowledge

underutilized? 6. No doubt, knowledge management can help a company. But if a company needs to move in that direction, maybe it also should take a look at its management style, its work environment, and its culture to see whether it is fostering an environment of sharing and openness. V. TASK 5: 1. I was late because I underestimated how much time I need. 2. He wrote the book alone, so he doesnt have a co-author. 3. One of his admirable quantities is self-confident. 4. It is very rude to interrupt someone in mid-sentence. 5. All these attempts are made to rebuild public trust. 6. Most people who work feel that they are underpaid. 7. If you are found to be cheating in the exam, you are disqualified immediately. 8. Karoshi results from over-working. 9. I had lost my keys, so I couldnt unlock the door when I got home. 10. Keep an eye on what you eat. You are a little bit overweight already. 11. East-Asia tigers industrialized in the 70s, 80s and early 90s, when China was just starting to re-enter the World economy after long Maoist isolation. 12. The first advantage they have is cheap labour over rich countries which allowed tiger firms to outcompete their western rivals in manufacturing anything from shoes to ships. 13. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservation, others a sense of openness to new ideas. Neatness can suggest efficiency, but if it is overdone , it can indicate an obsession with power.

I. EXERCISES IN COURSEBOOK

Unit 7: SMEs AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR Task 1 DOANH NGHIP NH KHM PH SC MNH BN THN Ln u tin trong lch s M, cc ch doanh nghip nh s tr thnh lc lng vn ng hnh lang ln nht t nc. 1. By lu nay linh hn ca h thng doanh nghip M chnh l cc nh doanh nghip nh y tham vng. l nhng ngi tham gia kinh doanh cho chnh bn thn mnh vi trn tr nhit huyt, lng quyt tm, s sng to, kho lo, mt ci u tnh to m bo rng vic lm n ca h s vn pht t trong nn kinh t cnh tranh khc lit ca chng ta. Tuy nhin, by lu nay, khng phi h m chnh cc ng ch ca cc tp on ln mi l nhng ngi c ting ni quan trng nht nh hng n chnh sch kinh t quc gia. Song tnh hnh gi y c th s thay i. Chng ta s c nghe nhiu hn { kin tp th ca cc ch tim hoa, ch tim vn phng phm, cc i l du lch hay ch nh hng..., nhng ngi cng nhau hp thnh mt lc lng hn 14 triu doanh nghip nh M. 2. Phi chng chng ta ang qu phng i mi vic? Hon ton khng. Bt kz ai chng kin nhng hot ng si ni bt ng ca 2.100 i biu tham d cuc hp gn y ca Nh Trng v doanh nghip nh s u ng rng hot ng ca cc doanh nghip nh ang sp sa bc sang mt trang mi. 3. L{ do u tin, v c l cng l quan trng nht cho nhn nh trn chnh l cc ch doanh nghip nh nhn thy rng cc i i biu Quc hi M, cc thng ngh s, quan chc chnh ph v thm ch c tng thng M u rt sn sng, thm ch st sng, lng nghe kin ca h. iu ny khng ch ng vi nhng ch doanh nghip tham d hi ngh ngy hm , m ng vi c hng ngn, thm ch l hng vn ch doanh nghip khc khi h c nghe cc i biu i d cuc hp v k li. Cui cng th Washington (Quc hi M) cng hiu c tm quan trng ca cc doanh nghip nh i vi tng lai t nc. 4. Th hai, r rng l cng ng doanh nghip gi nh khng cn tnh trng b chia r do mu thun v li ch nh trc na. Hai cuc hp trc ti Washington u kt thc tht bi; cuc hp u tin vo nm 1937 kt thc trong x xt, ln th hai vo nm 1956 th ton nhng li v ngha. Nm nay, cng tc tr b cho cuc hp c tin hnh rt k cng. Nhng vi mt lot cc i hi t pha ph n, dn tc thiu s, cu chin binh, v nhiu on th khc, nhng tng cuc hp s li mt ln na kt thc trong bt ng v mu thun . Nhng khng, trc s ngc nhin v vui mng ca cc i biu, cuc hp din ra trong tinh thn ho hp nht tr, iu ny r rng c th s to dng mt nn tng chung ton b cng ng doanh nghip nh c mt vai tr chnh tr mi m v nng ng hn.

5. Th ba, cc doanh nghip nh cng bn bc, trao i v nhng vn m h d nh t ln chnh ph v Quc hi nm ti, ng thi thng nht th t u tin ca cc vn . Cng ng cc doanh nghip cng xy dng mt chng trnh nhm t c cc mc tiu chung. 6. Ci c ln nht ca chng trnh ny l vic khi dy s tn trng ca cng ng i vi cc doanh nghip nh, ng thi cng nh thc lng t trng ca cc doanh nghip ny. Cc doanh nghip nh by lu t coi mnh l thnh phn b nh v tm thng trong c h thng kinh t. Nhng gi y, h thay i li suy ngh y. 7. Mt trong nhng h qu quan trng ca s thay i ny trong i sng chnh tr nc M chnh l nhng chuyn bin trong thi ca cng chng i vi doanh nghip ni chung. Nhng nh lm lut v ngi dn s c thi thin ch i vi nhng doanh nghip nh. Khi cc ch doanh nghip ny pht biu v vn t do kinh t, kin ca h c tn trng bi nhng ngi lu nay thng ln ting ch trch cc tp on ln li dng cng chng v nhng mc ch ring ca mnh. 8. Mt s ngi vn ch i mn kt cho cc doanh nghip nh. Tuy nhin, s ng li tin tng rng y mi ch l khc do u v i sng nc M ang ch i mt bu khng kh kinh doanh sc si tr li vi quyt tm ca cng ng doanh nghip nh nhm thc hin xut sc vai tr tr ct ca mnh.

Task 2 1.Cc quc gia Trung u mun tr thnh thnh vin ca Lin minh Chu u (EU) ang tm cch bin ng Euro thnh ng tin chnh thc ca mnh ngay c trc khi gia nhp vo lin minh ny. 2.ng c vin tng thng ny c ting tm v kh nng iu hnh kinh t ca mnh; y l iu m nn kinh t ang gp kh khn ny ang rt cn n. 3.Nu chnh ph n tip tc d b cc hng ro lm nn lng cc nh u t, quc gia ny c th gia nhp vo hng ng cc con h Chu . 4.Nhng c hi mi c th tr thnh hin thc Chu u. So vi nhng nm gn y th nm nay chu lc ny ang ngy cng ng gp nhiu vo nn kinh t th gii. 5.Mc d Hn Quc vt qua c cn khng hong nm 1997, cc vn c bn vn cha c gii quyt mt cch trit . 6.Cc quc gia ngho hy vng rng vng m phn mi v thng mi ton cu s loi b cc hng ro i vi mt hng ch lc ca h l dt may v nng phm. 7.Ngi ta cho rng v khng b ngy 11/9 nh hng su sc n cch thc nhn nhn th gii ca cc nh chnh tr M / quan im ca cc nh chnh tr M i vi th gii.

8.Vic xy dng mt h thng ngn hng hin i l yu t ct li nng cao hiu qu phn b vn v duy tr tng trng kinh t nhanh cc nn kinh t trong thi kz qu . 9.Tc cho vay ca cc ngn hng nh nc hin nay c v khng phi l mt tc bn vng v mt kinh t. 10.T l tit kim trong dn chng cao lun l ng c thc y tng trng trong sut thi kz tin hnh ci cch, song s sp ca mt s ngn hng ln c th gy nhng tc ng tiu cc trong di hn i vi t l . 11.Mt cuc iu tra k lng v trin vng pht trin ca khu vc cp n 5 yu t kinh t quan trng bn ngoi. Trong s c s thnh vng ca nn kinh t M, vn ng gp 1/5 GDP ton cu. 12.Sau khi chin tranh th gii th 2 kt thc, kinh doanh quc t tri qua mt cuc cch mng c nhiu ngi xem l hin tng kinh t quan trng nht ca na cui th k 20. l s xut hin ca cc cng ty a quc gia. Task 3 S nht tr cao: high agreement/ high unanimity / broad consensus/ by common consent/ being of the same (one) mind Khu vc kinh t ngoi quc dn: The non-state economic sector ng lc: motivation Trn tr: concern /worry/ preoccupation Bc xc: pressing / discontented Ca ci vt cht: wealth and substance/ having /fortune/means/riches Tn dng trit : to take full advantage of something/ to make the most of some thing/ to make the best of something Sn chi bnh ng: fair playing field. Bt cp: problem. ng b: synchronous. Thit thc: practical, well-targeted. T xoay x: depend on their own. C hi ngn nm c mt: unprecedented opportunity.

Task 4 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS 1. Never before has there been such broad consensus about what to do to reduce poverty and hunger eradication, and one of the issues which receives broad consensus is the awareness of the importance of the private sector, a key growth engine. One of the best way to set up it is from the bottom-up, focusing on the small-scale enterprise. This means listening to their concerns and thoughts, identifying their most pressing obstacles and enable them to compete in such an increasingly globalized economy. Given the right tools, they can create many jobs, as well as much wealth which is terribly needed by the society. 2. It is necessary to establish a healthier, more competitive and more sustainable economic sector for small-scale enterprises so that they can take full advantage of the opportunities offered to them. However, experience shows that they cannot evolve on their own. Carefully chosen, transparent, and well designed interventions are important, especially in expanding access to critical resources such as capital, skills and market information that help small businesses move on faster and stronger. 3. Development institutions worldwide have long tried their best to implement this, but they also found it difficult to support the sector. Although there has been many projects and programs supporting smallscale enterprises, very few gain long-term and sustainable achievements. Meanwhile, income gaps have widened in many places, and overpopulation has resulted in the increasing number of poor-living people. 4. The World Bank Group has therefore started to have a more creative and proactive approach so as to help governments identifying major obstacles in SMEs development. The Group has also made much attempt to integrate the issues into planning tools of the borrowing governments. A strategy with 4 pillars has been set up in order to address SMEs most fundamental problems. 5. Business environment. SMEs dont operate on their own but in a business environment formed by governments policy, public and private sector institutions, infrastructure and many other factors. They often have to face a great number of difficulties such as unstable macroeconomic environment uncertainty, poor infrastructure, widespread corruption as well as obstacles in enforcing contracts and property rights. There are also many factors that stand in their way which include excessive demands for licenses, inspections, fees, taxes or other burdensome regulatory regimes. They need a fair playing field more than anything else. If the problems in the business environment are not solved, SMEs operations will have to encounter big major constrains; moreover, the international efforts to enhance the micro sector are hardly to offer synchronous results. 6. Technical assistance and capacity building. Businesses not only need capital more than just money. Many of them dont know what kind of knowledge they are lack of. For further development, they must be able to approach accountants, marketing and management consultants, technical experts and others who can bring them direct, well-targeted advices and support services.

7. Access to capital. Established financial institutions are reluctant to lend small businesses whom they have not known much about; therefore, SMEs have to depend on their own cash flows or less reliable informal sources of capital. It is necessary to design and supply new and better financial products. Nowadays, people tend to pay more attention to helping local banks, leasing companies, equity investors, credit rating agencies and others see the benefits that can come from providing SMEs with properly-structured financing packages. Once successful, financial institutions can build a potentially strong new line of business which can expand strongly in the future. 8. Access to information technology. Small businesses often lack the awareness and skills to take advantage of the unprecedented opportunities offered by Internet-based computer applications. But the Internet should be considered as a tool that helps businesses to grow. For example, e-commerce can help businesses with limited capital explore new foreign markets. Without Internet, this can be unreachable. Placement and fulfillment of orders, lending and borrowing of financing, accounting, insurance as well as transactions with distributors can also be done online at a much lower cost in comparison with being done offline costs. Businesses must be able to access to the Internet and other new technologies in order to make full use of these opportunities. Task 5 1. Ni v phm cht ca lc lng Khng qun Hong gia Anh, Th tng Anh Wiston Churchill nhn xt: Cha bao gi trong sut lch s ca Anh Quc, hng vn ngi li mang n mt vi ngi, m li mang n su sc nh th. 2. Gic ng l 1 hot ng t nhin, d cho c nhiu bi vit v vn ny nhng vn cn nhiu iu b n xung quanh n cha c khm ph. Mt s ngi xem l 1 cch thot khi nhng bn b cuc sng, trong khi mt s khc ngh rng n ch lm lng ph thi gian v ch. Hu ht mi ngi tin rng y l 1 qu trnh phc hi c th v cha lnh nhng tn thng gy ra khi chng ta tnh to. 3. Chng ta c c ngy hm nay l nh vo cng sc ca nhiu ngi Vit Nam v ngi M- nhng ngi chung tay gp sc vo cng cuc tm kim qun nhn b mt tch. Cha bao gi mt n lc mnh m nh th c thc hin b p cho linh hn ca nhng ngi lnh chng bao gi tr v sau cuc chin. 4. Hoa K khng phi l quc gia duy nht c s ct gim trong d bo tng trng. 5. Lc no cng lo s b mt uy tn, mi khi ban hnh mt chnh sch khng c lng dn, chnh ph thng bin minh vo c lc bt tong tm. 6. Trong bi cnh s ngi ngho chu chim 2/3 th gii th cuc chin chng i ngho phi ginh c thng li khu vc ny trc tin. 7. Cng bng m ni, mt s nc nhiu khu vc trn th gii nhanh chng hc c nhng bi hc t cuc khng hong va qua.

8. D Hip nh thng mi song phng tip tc khuyn khch xut khu th nhng doanh nghip xut khu VN ang nhanh chng nhn thc c rng mnh ang mt v th thp hn. 9. S xm nhp ca Nht Bn vo th trng phng Ty c th gii nhn nhn bng s ngng m, ghen t v c khip s. 10. Vn thiu ht lc lng lao ng trong nc ang khin ph n phi m nhn nhng cng vic mi c to ra. 11. Mc d kinh t Nht vn ang m m, nhng vo nhng ngy ny, du khch ving thm t nc ny vn nhn thy ngi dn y sng rt sung tc. 12. Trong thi gian ny, chng ta vn rt kh khn cm nhn c tc ng ca chnh sch kinh t va c ban hnh.

UNIT 8
Task 1. 1. Mi nm tri qua li c mt k lc mi c xc lp. Vn u t trc tip nc ngoi vo Trung Quc trong nm 2003 c tnh t 63 t la M, a Trung Quc tr thnh im n hng u th gii ca vn u t trc tip nc ngoi v ln u tin y Hoa K xung v tr th 2. Trong nm nay, tp ch The economist d on cng xng ca th gii s thu ht 70 t USD FDI bt chp nh hng ca i dch SARS v bi cnh kinh t ton cu m m. 2. Trong khi , c mt s yu t khc t c ch n nh khi lng vn m cc cng ty Trung Quc u t ra nc ngoi. Mt cch chc chn, lng vn u t nc ngoi l 3,1 t USD vo nm ngoi chim 0,4% FDI ton cu, th con s ny qu nh b so vi lng vn u t vo Trung Quc. Trong hai thp k qua, hu ht cc cng ty Trung Quc ch tp trung xy dng v cng c th trng ni a ca mnh, thm ch cho n im hin i cng ch c mt s t cng ty c quy m v ngun vn u t ra nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, khi nn kinh t pht trin th con s ny cng s gia tng, vi gn cc doanh nghip sn xut ni a c k hoch m rng th trng ra nc ngoi. 3. Ngy cng nhiu cc cng ty Trung Quc xem cc quc gia khc khng phi l ngun cung cp cng ngh hay vn m l th trng cho sn phm ca h, thc cht, tham vng nht vn l mc tiu xy dng nhng thng hiu ton cu. in hnh nh i vi Haier, nh sn xut cc thit b in t hng u Trung Quc, vi 13 chi nhnh nc ngoi, bao gm cc nh my Iran, Indonesia v Nam Carolina, hin ang c

k hoch xy dng mt chi nhnh s hu ton b Delhi. TCL v Konka, hai nh sn xut ti vi ln, cng u t ra ngoi lnh th Trung Quc. 4. ng bun thay, cc khon u t t ny dng nh khng gip c g nhiu cho cc tp on Trung Quc i t sn phm gi r ln sn phm cao cp c. n nay vn cha c Samsung, Sony hay GE ca Trung Quc. Konka ng ca 1 nh my sn xut TV cht lng cao Mexico bi v thng hiu ca n t ra qu yu t n ni khng xm nhp c vo th trng cao cp. Thm ch nhiu d n u t ra nc ngoi c qung b rt rm r ca Haier tht bi trong vic m rng sc hp dn ca cng ty vt ra ngoi kh nng bn nhng hng ha gi r cho Wal-mart. 5. Nhng s tht vng ang dn ti mt chin lc mi: l mua li nhng thng hiu nc ngoi c thnh lp nhng ang suy yu nhng c tim nhem li li nhun bo b trong tng laivi chi ph u t vo cc doanh nghip Trung Quc ca h. D nhin s khng c s m bo no rng s tin s c u t mt cch khn ngoan. Nhng nh qun l Trung Quc khng c chuyn mn su xa gip h a ra nhng quyt nh u t nc ngoi hp l. 6. iu ny lm l ra mt mi nguy khc: Nu chin lc ny thnh cng? Khi th gii ngy cng lo ngi trc Trung Quc v cho rng y l nc xut khu hng gi tr v lm mt cng n vic lm cc nc phng Ty th ni m nh cc doanh nghip Trung Quc ang thu tm th trng th gii c th y chnh ph nc ny ri vo cn song gi chnh tr mi. Task 2. 1. People worried that the widening gap between countries is increasing day by day; poor countries are lagging further behind. 2. In the economy, which is increasingly global, the competitive pressure is mounting more fierce. 3. The private sector of economy has a growing importance in the national economy. 4. When a country has deeper integration into the Worlds economy, it has more and more opportunities as well as challenges. 5. An increasing number of sign shows that small and medium business are taking greater participation in planning national economic polices. x Nh my lc du Flock into Petroleum refinery; oil refinery

Tham vng b v Thi ca quyn Thiu minh bch Mng tng S ch quan ngy th ng trch Tht vng trn tr Mc thp cha tng c Du hiu tch cc Ngnh giy dp Ngnh may mc Ngnh dt T do chuyn i Din n Khu vc T nhn Nng trn li sut Li sut c s S Giao dch chng khon c ng o d lun hoan nghnh Khng bit ng no m ln Khng nghim chnh Task 4.

Revealed ambition Authoritarian behaviour Implicit Remember vaguely Subjectivity Demeritorious, blameworthy, objectionable Disappointed overflowing The unprecedented low Positive signs Footwear industry The apparel industry Textile industry Freely convertible Private Sector Forum Raising the interest rate ceiling Base rate Stock Exchange Majority opinion is welcome Do not know what that was behind Not strictly

INVESTORS, WELCOME BACK TO VIETNAM! 1. It isnt hard to find plenty of foreign investors disillusioned with their forays into Vietnam. In 1994, 1995, they came in enormous numbers with grand plans for oil refineries or car production. But to a large extent their ambitions were broken: in their way stood bureaucracy or lack of clarity in government policy, and changing laws. Some of the investors realised that the great market they had predicted didnt exist. And, this naivesubjectivity was as much to blame as any objective reasonsforthe investment environment in Vietnam. Either way, many investors have drawn their money and left Viet Nam disappointed. 2. But although foreign investment figures nowadays are at historic low levels (total FDI in the first half of the year was only $318.6 million), it began to appear brighter signs for foreign investors. Apart from the traditional sectors of footwear, clothes, textiles, electronics and processed seafood, overseas investors also have the opportunity to participate in the service industry like legal consultancy, banking and insurance.

3. Besides, thenewlegislationispromulgated,makingVietnambecomemore attractive. Foreigninvestment lawallowscurrency of Vietnamto befreely convertible. The new Enterprise alsohelpsestablishingthebusinessverymuchsimplify 4. A good sign is World Bank and the International Finance Corporation in collaboration with the investment plan to set up private sector forums, to supportthereformprograms inthissector. The raising of interest rate ceilings , the institution of a base rate and the formation of the new stock exchange that Vietnam decided to make are also seen as positive. 5. Despite public applause, thost changes in legislation also pose a headache. People talk about the lack of laws in Vietnam, but in fact it is completely the opposite.There were 4600 laws, regulations, circulars and so forth in Vietnam in 1998, and that figure has more or less doubled since then., says HCM City lawyer Lucy Wayne. Many investors find this confusing. Furthermore, enforcement of legal awards is difficult and corrupt. 6. Certainly, nobody should assume Vietnam is without problems for foreign investors. Even the most optimistic predictors think that it will take at least 5 to 7 years before Vietnam becomes astable andsustainablemarket. Butcompared to thetragicsituationof thepast5years, it can be said that the situationis nowbetter. Task 5. 1. Its our policy to put customers first. We move heaven and earth to meet their demands. 2. With more open policy, the tourist subspector is developing with leaps and bounds. 3. Carefully tendered from dawn to dusk, the rice paddies promise a high-yield harvest. 4. This book is really practical because it gives reader brief suggestions about all the dos and donts in business professionalism. 5. I like shopping, but I hate all the hustle and bustle of shopping for food and presents just before the Tet holiday. 6. E-culture is the heart and soul of the new economy where human are able to do so much more with so much less. 7. This ambitious reform program aims to revitalize the SOEs from top to bottom. 8. This insurance policy does not cover damage caused normal wear and tear.

9. I can only give you the needed political and financial support. Its you who have to handle all the nuts and bolts of the project. 10. Happiness is what we all long for from cradle to grave. 11. The consignment is seriously damaged. There are bits and pieces everywhere. 12. In the consume market, people rush to buy things are on sale. But curiously enough, they do exactly opposite when it comes to stock or estate markets. Most people buy stocks or property when its booming, and rush to sell when theres doom and gloom around. 13. I like detective stories because there are manytoss and turns that thrill my sense. Unit 19. Task 1.

Thuc l v sc mnh ca nhn hiu

1. Ngi ta bn ci qu nhiu v vn (nn hay khng nn cho php) qung co thuc l. Mt mt, c nhng ngi cho rng y l mt vn c tnh nguyn tc: nu thuc l c php tiu th trn th trng th nghim nhin n phi c t do qung co.

2. hon ton khng phi l mt cch lp lun hp l. N chm ngi cho nhng tranh lun gay gt xoay quanh mt vn c bit nhy cm (mt sn phm gy hi cho sc kho); v dn dt cuc tranh lun i trch hng - vn mu cht y khng phi l c nn quy nh cm qung co thuc l hay khng, m l cn p dng nhng bin php g hn ch tiu th thuc l.

3. Mt khc, cng vi cch lp lun khng km phn v l, mt s ngi khc li cho rng vic cm qung co thuc l (v c l cm c vic cc hng thuc l ti tr cho mt gii u th thao) s l bin php duy nht gii quyt tn gc mi vn . Th nhng ch c ai h mi tin rng Silk Cut v Marlboro s khng th bn c hng khi b cm qung co. n gin l nhng nhn hiu thuc l qu ni ting ri.

4. iu dn dt chng ta n ct li ca vn : l sc mnh ca nhn hiu, ch khng ch n thun l qung co. Bt k ai nu tht s mun chng thuc l hy s dng cc yu t P trong marketing mix nh vo sc mnh ca cc nhn hiu thuc l, cng nh khi ngi ta s dng cc yu t P xy dng nn sc mnh .

5. Ch P th nht (Product) chnh l sn phm, ngi ta c th lm cho thuc l tr nn km hp dn v t c hi hn bng cch sn xut nhng iu thuc nh hn. Nh vy, trng iu thuc bn ht khng c tao nh lm, v ht 20 iu mt ngy cng t b c hi hn.

6. Ch P th hai (Packaging) l bao b, nhng quy nh ca lut php v bao b cng c th

lm tn hi n sc mnh ca nhn hiu. Bn th tng tng xem hiu qu s th no nu nh cc nh sn xut ch c bn sn phm trong nhng bao b khng c biu trng ca hng, v d tt c cc v bao ch ghi: 20 iu, tiu chun chnh ph, loi A, hm lng nictin thp.

7. Ch P th 3 (Price) l gi c, hy th ngh ti vic y gi thuc l ln cao v dng khon tin thu c t chc mt chin dch rm r chng thuc l. Vic ti tr cho cc gii thi u c l cng s chm dt. Hn cc nh sn xut s khng my mn m vi vic ti tr cho mt s kin mang tn Gii V ch Bi-a Snooker thuc l ho hng, loi B.

48

8. Vy cn ch P th 4 (Place) - knh tiu th? Ch cho php bn thuc l cc quy CTN (quy bn bnh ko, thuc l v bo), v tip tc thc hin vic cm ht thuc nhng ni cng cng. Thc hin ng lot nhng iu trn s chm dt c nhng tranh lun gay gt v vn qung co thuc l. V lc ny ct li thc s ca vn s c ngi ta quan tm n, l quyt nh ca chnh ph th hin thi ca x hi i vi sn phm thuc l.

9. Vy mc ch cui cng ca tt c nhng phn tch trn l g? Th nht, ch ra rng nu mt ngi thc s quan tm n vic gii quyt nhng vn thuc kiu ny, hy nhn nhn v phn tch vn trn phng din marketing, ch khng phi phng din qung co n thun.

10. Th hai, cho mi ngi thy rng vic khng nhn thc c y sc mnh ca marketing c th s em li nhiu rc ri. Cui cng v quan trng hn c l khng nh sc mnh thc s ca marketing mix vi nhng nh qun l doanh nghip v nhng ngi khc cn t ra nghi ng sc mnh . nh gi thp uy lc ca n, iu c ngha l bn t chuc v cho mnh.

Unit 19. Task 3

marketing in vietnamese companies (an extract from an interview with a foreign marketing specialist)

1. Ive visited and worked with some sate-owned and private-owned businesses here. But Id prefer not to refer to any specific enterprise as well as what is behind their particular

success or failure. I just want to speak from the angle of an observer.

2. During my visit it occurred to me that marketing performance in state-owned businesses isnt as good as (that) in private ones. The objective cause is: Vietnam is now still in its transition to a market economy; so the concept of marketing somehow sounds unfamiliar to most managers. But the subjective cause is that while most state-owned enterprises currently operate on a large scale, accounting for a remarkable share of the domestic market, just few of them have specialized marketing staff. These activities are traditionally performed by sales department, thus resulting in their poor knowledge of the market, demand and consumer taste and consequently their inefficiency 3. Another cause is that management of these companies is often influenced by higher-ranking directorship, such as from the General Corporation or the Union. They cant take the initiatve in production and investment planning.

4. Vietnamese enterprises generally invest in an unplanned way; they run business in a wide range of goods rather than focus on what they are best at. While their competitiveness is weak, competition is often ruthless among these businesses themselves. This particularly holds true for those dealing in import-export and processing. In short, given their poor

knowledge of the market, both at home and abroad, they stand little chance of making money.

5. Despite the fact that much progress has been reported in this field, much still should be done. Businesses are seemingly paying too much attention to mere advertising while taking for granted all such things as price, product quality, consumer taste. In the near future, as more foreign bringing investors are choosing Vietanm as their destination and

with them modern technology and professional marketing expertise, local businesses will

49 be fighting a losing battle if they insist on/keep on adopting their old-fashioned tactics. The challenge is: businesses should quickly plot themselves a marketing strategy and modern, effective tactics. Bear in your mind that Customers are the God and the God decides your fate/fortune. Unit 19. Task 4

1. Mt s doanh nghip t lu nhn thc c rng bo v mi trng v pht trin kinh t hon ton c th l hai ngi bn ng hnh.

hoc: Mt s doanh nghip t lu nhn thc c rng h hon ton c th pht trin kinh t m vn bo v c mi trng.

2. L l ca cu nghe cng c y, nhng ng tic l n chng n nhp g my vi vn chng mnh ang bn.

3. Cc ng i lp cng nm trong tay nhng bng chng v mt s v tham nhng v b bi ti chnh trong vn ng tranh c ca ng cm quyn. Vn l ch, cc ng i lp cng chng ly g lm trong sch.

4. Cc ng i lp bt u bn ti chuyn lin minh tranh c trong cuc bu c thng 7 ti.

5. Nu khng lp tc hnh ng, rt c th ng s kt thc nhim k ca mnh vi hnh nh mt tng thng ch gii thuyt gio sung v ci cch.

6. Tnh hnh kinh t xu i c th c li cho th tng bi ng c th ly lm v kh tn cng nhng k ang cc lc phn i ci cch.

7. B Thng mi v Cng nghip xa nay vn bo th nhng gi y quyt nh cho thm t Kinh t v tn ca b mnh. y l du hiu cho thy b ny chp nhn mt li t duy khi qut hn.

8. ng H Cm o kh c th thc hin ngay nhng bin php mnh tay y mnh ci cch doanh nghip nh nc v gii quyt n ng, v gi y ng cn ang phi c gng khng nh uy tn ca mnh sau k i hi ng (Trung Quc ln th 16).

Unit 10 TASK 1:
NHT BN: KH KHN TRONG VIC HC TP CCH LM MI.
Trongvngtcavchmchs Nikkei, quntrdoanhnghipbnhgithp Vongy 24 thng 4, chtchtpon Sony bochoccnhut hay rngcngtyvamituynthm 8 gimctbnngoivohingquntr Motor Nisan. 17 ngivamictithitlp, Cngtrongthng, baogmcchtchcngty Toyota

cngthngbovmtcucticcuquymlnctgimhingquntrngthipngtthnccmiqu antmcacng. Cngtysnxutxenycngbtubocodoanhthutheotngqu{.

iunycngcphngQuanhutnimtrcychlmtvngnctngtrongdoanhnghip.Nhngtntuilnkhcnh Toshiba, Hitachi v Aeon cngangtinhnhcithingquntr.Tnh minh bchanglmiquantmchunghin nay cattccccngty..

iunyccoilmttinbvtbctivngtmtrcyquntrdoanhnghiptttngchiulhil chosokaiyanhngbngngxhien

ngnvictranhngcuhikhcligiiptrongnhngcuchphngnm. Tip ni theo ngy la gt mng 1 thng 4 l vic sa i m thng mi Nht bn. Theo ban cho cc cng ty quyn thay i nhng nguyn tc hot ng ca ni b hi ng qun tr v h thng kim ton nhm mc ch khin cho cc nh qun tr ci m m thong hn trong phong cch qun l ca mnh. D dng nhn ra nguyn nhn ti sao cc cng ty hng u ca Nht Bn li ngy cng hng nhiu s ch { n cc c ng bn ngoi. V mt iu rng, c nhiu ngi hn dm ng ra vch trn s thiu vng ng s ca vic cng khai minh bch thng tin trong mt s cng ty ln. V d nh, ti cng ty in Tokyo, mt cng nhn hp ng dy ln mt cn bo khi anh ta ch ra vic cng ty lm sai lch bo co an ton trong 17 l phn ng in ht nhn.Trong cn phn n chnh tr ngay sau , ch tch cng ty ny, Nobuya Minami buc phi t chc. Sau nhng v b bi l thi im kinh t tr nn kh khn. Cc ngn hng khng h ho hng g vic ci t li h thng qun tr khi m chnh h tng nm mt lng ln c phiu ca cc doanh nghip Nht. Nhng bn thn nhng ngn hng,di p lc phi tng lng tin mt, m rng danh mc u t,gim vic nm gi chng khon Nht Bn t 41% nm 1996 xung cn 35%. Khi v th cc ngn hng suy yu, cc doanh nghip nc ngoi tin vo v h mun cc cng ty phi cu t ti chnh r rng v kt qu kinh doanh vng mnh. CalPERS, ngi qun tr vin kin nh ca qu lng hu California, u t 200.triu dolars. ng ta nhn ra mt th gii nhng cng ty nh y tim nng vi s qun l tt v minh bch hn s li ko c cc nh u t. Tnh hnh c v sng sa hn, nhng vn cn nhiu vic khc phi thc hin. Cng vi nhng cuc u t rm r vo Nht Bn th nhng s tht trong vn qun tr cng l ra nhiu iu bt cp. ng bun rng c n 80% cc cng ty nim yt ti Nht Bn vn khng h quan tm ti vn ng lo ngi ny. ng l ra h nn ci t li h thng qun tr ca mnh khi m bi cnh vic chnh ph vin tr cho nhng ngn hng yu km khng cn c hiu qu. Cc ngn hng khng h c hi vng thu li c cc khon cho vay nhng cng ty xy dng, cc h thng bn l v nhng nh pht trin sn golf. Nhng cng ty ma vn cn ang nhy ma, Akika Mikunki ch tch c quan xp hng tn dng MIKUNI chm bim. Bi l trong nhng cng ty khng h tin hnh ti c cu b my qun tr. iu ny gy ra nhng thit hi ng k cho cc nh u t nc ngoi.

Nht Bn cn phi lm g thc hin thnh cng cuc cch mng qun tr ny? Cc ngn hng phi a cc c phiu cn li trong doanh nghip ca h vo danh mc u t v nhng doanh nghip nyt iu chnh p ng nhng i hi ca th trng. Ch c nh vy cc cng ty mi thy c tm quan trng ca vic ci t qun tr, t mi c nhng bc nhy thnh cng v cht lng qun l v tng cao tc u t. Chnh ph Nht nn khuyn khchngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi. Th tng Junichino Koizumi ni rng ng mun u t nc ngoi tng gp i trong vng 5 nm ti. iu cui cng cn lm cng l iu kh khn nht: ng u vi nhiu thch thc hn na. Ch vi hu qu do s suy gim ch s Nikke lm cho qun trcc cng ty Nht Bn b ng bng. Mt t gim gi t ngt c phiu chc chn s gy ra nhiu tn hi cho nn kinh t. Tuy nhin, nu nh nhng iu ny yu cu cc cng ty cng c h qun tr ca mnh th nn kinh t nht nh c li v pht trin i ln.

TASK 2
1. The compromise between the union and the employers is becoming stressful. Perhaps, the government needs to step in so that the disagreement can be solved. 2. Today, in the global free trade system, proppingup the domestic manufacturers is no longer a widely applied solution 3.Your summary report is quite good. Could you beef it up so that I can submit it to the Director? 4. I dont understand why their company want to pull back and negotiate another contract. 5. This project is very important to our company. I would like you to step forward to help us in this one. 6. We will kick off this chritsmas season by launching new product named channel 21 7. It is a pity that we have to knock down this ancient theater to widen the street. 8. Who will be the the one to kick off a question to our leturer? 9. Forturnately, the Foreman stepped in on time, otherwise they had pummeled to beat up each other.

10, Ship-building industry is deteriorating and relies heavily on the money propped up by the Government. 11. Last week, President Bush promised to prop up African countries with 100 million dolars in order to enhance security in the areas around airport, seaport and other key positions.

TASK 3
Sung sc : vigorous Thc hin th im : to be implemented N kh i : bad debt Khin phi lao ao : weigh on N nn ngp c : be inundated with debts Lao ng di d : redundant workers Cho ngh vic : be laid off ng vin lo thnh : party faithfuls Bin php c gi : incentive-laden package H thng an sinh x hi : safety net

TASK 4
SOEs DOWNSIZING THE INITIAL STEPS
Weve met Mr. Le TrungTien, a construction foreman at Hanoi Construction Company No 2, who admitted that after 27 years of dedication, he was no longer vigorous now. However, by the middle of this October, he and 152 co-workers will leave the company after pocketing a cash payment and other perks. This is the first batch of state employees volunteer to retire under the Governments new scheme ( which will then be piloted at 7 SOEs ) to speed up downsizing at over-manned state firms

With a value of 400 million dollars funded by World Bank and other Honors, the purpose of this program is to relieve the burden of payroll for SOEs, who are inundated with debts. This will contribute to accelerating privatization and solving doubtful debts, which is weighing on Vietnams state-run banks. Compared with China, the number of redundant employees in Vietnams SOEs is not many. As 80% of Vietnams population live on agriculture, there are only 1.6 million people working at 5650 SOEs, 400,000 of whom will be laid off over the next 5 years. Yet this is a sensitive political issue. What will happen to these dismissed workers, including the party faithfuls? Nonetheless, faltering business situation of state firms demonstrates that reform is necessary. By the end of last year, the total debt sum had come up to 190,000 billion dollar, 10 times more than the value of their assets. Moreover, having committed to INF on a tight reform schedule, the government couldnt delay the downsizing any longer. To temp workers to resign, the government is launching an incentive-laden package solution. Compared to the late 80s and early 90s, when state workers were laid off with a tiny lump sum and no pension, the government seems to be much more generous with the new package: 2 months of basic salary per year of work, a lump sum of 5 million VND, an additional 6 months of full salary and, at retirement age, a monthly pension payment. It cant be foretold whether the scheme comes up to expectations. However, in any cases, trimming the workforce is just a small step toward sharpening competitiveness. Managers need to prove they can run profitable companies without relying on social safety system of endless subsidies from the government.

TASK 5
1/ In your own cabin on board, you can penned a letter home with the postcard and paper available 2/ This is a very helpful training course as I can 3/ The train will take you through vast forests and soaring mountains, which you have to crane to see the peak, together with waterfalls and stunning flowing streams. 4/ Through taxation and public spending, the government can cushion the losers.

5/ Publictrust was hammered by the financial scandal of Enron Corp 6/Association of Southeast Asia has signed the agreement ASEAN+3 with the purpose of roping in Japan, China and Korean 7/ State-owned banks have so much debt that SOEs can no longer milk for money from them 8/ As the 21st century dawns, global economy has to face many new challenges. 9/ One of Hondas famous business philosophies is to axe cost to raise productivity. 10/ Small and medium enterprises play an important role in fueling economic growth. 11. Japans economy has not bottomed out in spite of the bold economic reform . 12. The life standard of American may be affected because US footed most of the bill in Irag battle. 13. According to AFTA terms, tariff levels of goods will be capped under 5% 14. We will field a delegation to investigate the situation and then decide whether to continue the second part of the project. 15. The weakness point of Viet Nam is the lack of experience to table a proposal in the negotiation.