8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL POWER ENGINEERING April 14-15, 2011 - Bacau, ROMANIA

FEATURES OF THE CONTROL CIRCUITS IN THE LABORATORY SUBSTATION

HAZI ANETA, HAZI GHEORGHE Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau

Abstract In the laboratory substation it must be possible to simulate and control the primary equipment both from the control panel and from the computer. For this purpose, classical control schemes must be modified. This paper proposes some solutions for the control circuits of the circuit breakers and of the disconnectors in the substation laboratories.

Keywords: control circuit, substation, circuit breaker, disconnector.

1. INTRODUCTION The National Energy System is in a continuous process of modernization. Many stations, especially in the transmission network, are fully upgraded, but there are many stations with conventional equipment. There are many stations where only the secondary equipment was refurbished. An energy engineer must be prepared to coordinate the activities of both conventional and automatic stations. In a laboratory substation, students should be able to simulate the maneuvers, using a simulation program, and control the switchgear equipment. The control of the primary equipment must be possible both from the control panel and from the computer. For this purpose, classical control schemes must be modified. This paper proposes some solutions for the control circuits of the circuit breakers and of the disconnectors in the laboratory substation.

2. CONTROL CIRCUIT IN THE SUBSTATIONS All equipment for protection, control, monitoring, metering and communication in a substation make up the secondary equipment, [1]. In a conventional substation, secondary equipment is independent of every other device, and connection is based on the signals coming through the cable. In an automated substation, secondary equipments are linked together with serial communication, [2]. The intelligent electronic devices, such as protection units, control units or combined protection and control units are connected in parallel to the primary equipment. They have a serial communication with the station control unit, with the station human machine interface and with the network control centre, via a communications unit, [3]. Figure 1 shows the typical structure of an automated substation. All protection functions required (line, transformer, busbar, etc.) are performed in protection units. It is possible to include these protections in the combined protection and control units. The station control unit performs control and monitoring for the whole substation. It consists of an industrial PC, high resolution monitor, mouse, and keyboard. The station control unit provides the following functions: - Monitoring: status monitoring and failure monitoring of power apparatus, control equipment, protection relays and ancillary equipment, metering, control system monitoring

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8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL POWER ENGINEERING April 14-15, 2011 - Bacau, ROMANIA

Control: control of circuit breakers, disconnectors and earthing switches, control of transformer taps, control of protection relay systems in or out of service, interlock check - Recording: event recording, trend recording (metering) - Operation mode selection: on-line mode, test mode, maintenance mode The human machine interface is a monitoring and maintenance tool for combined protection and control units.

Fig. 1. Typical structure of automated substation: 1- station unit; 2 station human machine interface; 3 - communication unit; 4 combined protection and control unit

3. FEATURES OF THE CONTROL CIRCUIT IN THE LABORATORY SUBSTATION The structure of the laboratory substation, fig.2, is slightly different from that of a real substation. Thus, to avoid excessive wear of the breaker and of the disconnector, a connection box is inserted. Here, using some switches, it can make or break the connection between the control room and outside station. A control panel is used as in the case of a conventional substation. Here, the circuit breaker is simulated by the contactor and the load by the resistances. The bus bar voltage is simulated with three voltage transformers. The disconnectors are simulated by the relays. Thus, the control of the breaker and of the disconnectors can be simulated, both in the control panel and in the computer, without operating equipment in the outdoor substation. Therefore, the control schemes of the circuit breaker and of the disconnectors have been modified from the classic schemes. In the control scheme of the circuit breaker, fig.3, the contactor coil, Qo, is placed in parallel with the closing electromagnet of the circuit breaker actuator device, MOP, using switch, S 045, from the connection box. The closing control can be executed from control key, S401, located on the control panel or from PC, K20. The opening control can be executed from control key, S401 or from PC, K19, using relay K102. In the control scheme of the line disconnector, fig.4, the control panel uses the switch, S048T, for the control of relay k116 that simulates the disconnector, Q9-1. The switches S045 and S047 are located in the connection box. For opening the control of the line disconnector from the control panel, after switching S048T, button S060 must be closed. The control from the PC can be made using relays k23 and k24. In the case of local control, in the outdoor substation, switch S047 must be open. A control panel is used as in a conventional substation.

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8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL POWER ENGINEERING April 14-15, 2011 - Bacau, ROMANIA

Fig. 2. Structure of laboratory substation: 1- station unit; 2 - combined protection and control unit; 3 local control panel; 4 connection box

Fig. 3. Circuit braker control scheme

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8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL POWER ENGINEERING April 14-15, 2011 - Bacau, ROMANIA

Fig. 4. Disconnector control scheme

4. CONCLUSIONS In a laboratory substation, students must be taught to work with both classic and modern equipment. For that it must be possible to control the primary equipment both from the control panel and from the computer. For this purpose, classical control schemes must be modified. This paper proposes some solutions for the control circuits of the circuit breakers and of the disconnectors in the laboratory substation.

REFERENCES [1] Hazi A., Hazi Gh., Statii electrice si posture de transformare, Ed. Tehnica Info, Chisinau, 2003 [2] Iordache M., Hurdubeiu S, Comnescu Gh., Elemente moderne n realizarea staiilor electrice, Ed. Agir, Bucureti, 2000 [3] Dumitru, I., Pispiris, C., Bdan, G. Tendine actuale i de perspectiv pentru controlul i monitorizarea online a instalaiilor electroenergetice, Simpozionul Naional de Reele Electrice, Ediia a X-a, 25-26 mai 2000, Iai [4] PE111-5/92, Instruciuni pentru proiectarea staiilor de conexiuni i transformare. Separatoare de nalt tensiune, ICEMENERG, Bucureti, 1992 [5] PE111-1/92, Instruciuni pentru proiectarea staiilor de conexiuni i transformare. ntreruptoare de nalt tensiune, ICEMENERG, Bucureti, 1993

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