Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2013
: Fion Chang ,
12 10/1()
76 1 DESSAU170 2 WEIMAR
Bella Italia
2552-4411
4 Leonardo,
Weimar
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Leipzig
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Leipziger Lipsia Lipzk, ( )
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Mendelssohn-Haus Schumann-Haus
Bach-Museum Edvard-Grieg-Gedenksttte
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Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
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Ricinus communi
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St. Thomaskirche
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Paulinerkirche
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Thomaskirche
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Thomaskirche
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Paul de Wit
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Zeiss Rolleiflex Leica Zwilling Meissen Aigner
Pelikan MontBlanc
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Dessau
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Wrlitzer
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Worlitzer See
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The first essays in landscape design began with the foundation of Oranienbaum, with its unified layout of town, palace, and park from 1683
onwards. The resulting complete Baroque ensemble, with obvious Dutch connections deriving from its designer, Cornelis Ryckwaert, has
survived to the present day. Further developments on these lines took place around 1700 with the reclamation of marshy areas along the Elbe
and the creation of planned villages and farmsteads. During the reign of Prince Leopold III Friedrich Franz of Anhalt-Dessau (1740-1817), an
extensive landscape design project was begun around 1765 over the entire principality. This ambitious programme was launched in close
collaboration with the architect and art theorist Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff (1736-1800). Landscape design, public education, and
encouragement of the arts were closely integrated in this scheme. Wrlitz became the point of departure for wide-ranging improvements based
on English landscape gardens and neoclassical architecture.
This unified scheme of buildings, gardens, and works of art, with a pervasive educational theme became the outward expression of the
Enlightenment. Schloss Wrlitz was built in 1769-73 and it was the first neoclassical building in Germany. The Gothic House (1774) established
a vogue for Gothic Revival buildings all across Europe. A number of other landscape projects in the principality date from this period. One of
the most innovatory was the Chinese garden at Oranienbaum (1790), based on the theories of the English architect Sir William Chambers.
The roads and dykes that were essential for infrastructural development were planted with avenues of fruit trees, giving them an ornamental
aspect. By the time Prince Franz died in 1817 virtually the entire principality had become a unified garden. Despite industrialization and the
consequent expansion of Dessau since 1900, the characteristic features of the landscape have been preserved.
The Garden Kingdom lies in the meadow landscape of the rivers Elbe and Mulde, the floodplains of which reach in places to the parklands.
The core of the Garden Kingdom is the historic gardens, with their buildings and sculpture. In addition to the historic garden enclosures,
neoclassical and neo-Gothic structures such as dyke watchtowers, hostelries, statues and bridges are to be found widely distributed, acting as
key features of the landscape. The agricultural areas, such as fields, meadows, and orchards, have been improved by ornamental tree
plantings, so as to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the landscape.
The western group consists of the Khnauer Park, the Georgium, and the Beckerbruch. The Khnauer Park, on the southern shore of the
Khnauersee, is a narrow elongated garden laid out in 1805 with views over the lake and its islands. Its orchards and vineyard have been
partially restored. The main viewpoint is the Vineyard House, an Italianate classical building of 1818-20. Other buildings are the neoclassical
Schloss Khnau (c . 1780) and the Romano-Byzantine Church (1828-30). The Georgium or Georgengarten is a small neoclassical country
house surrounded by a garden of 21.3 ha in the English style.
The garden contains a number of buildings and monuments, including the Roman Ruin and an open rotunda temple. The adjacent area of
the Beckenbruch was left relatively untouched as a landscape of marsh and meadows, with a few statues and small structures inserted into it. It
is designed so as to merge gradually into the Georgengarten. The central group is made up of the Luisium, the Sieglitzer Berg, the Tiergarten
(part), and the villages of Mildensee and Waldersee. A wetland to the north-east of Dessau forms part of this group. The area of meadows in
the bend of the Mulde was originally part of the system of dykes surrounding Dessau, laid out as garden scenery; it is now the Schillerpark.
( Nicolas
Poussin)( Claude Lorrain )( Pope )
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(, ) Typha orientalis
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Potentilla fruticosa
Cornus officinalis
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Weimar