Chuong 3

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.
HCM
LP DATA LINK
CHNG III
Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin
Trang 1
Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM
Lp Data Link

Muc tieu :
Cung cap mot giao tiep tin cay va hieu qua gia hai may Xay dng frame (framing) ieu khien lien ket luan ly (Logical Link Control)

Cac cong viec :

ieu khien dong ieu khien loi Xem xet van e a ch (Link Level Addressing)
Trang 2
ieu khien truy cap ( Medium Access Control)

Lp Data Link
Giao
tiep lp datalink
Trang 3
Lp Data Link
Xay dng frame :

Hoan toan khong the tm ra loi khi s dung cac bit tho nhan c t lp physical. Can phan chia cac chuoi bit thanh cac frame e co the tm ra loi tren cac chuoi bit khi nhan c. Dung so em ky t Ky t bat au & ket thuc ket hp chen ky t C anh dau au & cuoi frame ket hp chen bit Mau bit khong hp le
Cac phng phap :

Trang 4
Lp Data Link
Dung ky t em :
Character count One character
(a) 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Frame 1 5 characters Frame 2 5 characters Error (b) 5 1 2 3 4 7 6 7 8 9 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Frame 1 Frame 2 (Wrong) Now a character count
Trang 5
Frame 3 8 characters
Frame 4 8 characters
Lp Data Link
Dung ky t bat au va ket thuc :

Ky t bat au: Ky t ket thuc: Stuffing :

DLE DLE STX STX A A
DLE STX DLE ETX Chen DLE vao trc DLE cua data
DLE DLE B DLE DLE B ETX DLE ETX
(a) (b)
Stuffed DLE DLE STX A DLE B DLE ETX
(c)
Trang 6
Lp Data Link
Dung bit anh dau :

Chuoi bit anh dau au & cuoi frame: 01111110 Stuffing : Chen them bit 0 neu co 5 bit 1 lien tuc
1011111111111111110010 1011111011111011111010010 Stuffed bits 101111111111111111 0010
Dung cac mau bit khong hp le :

Bit 1 la cap high low Bit 0 la cap low high Cac cap high high va low low khong c dung cho data Cac cap nay se c dung e anh dau viec bat au hay ket thuc frame
Trang 7
Lp Data Link
ieu khien loi va ieu khien lu lng :
ieu khien loi Dung tn hieu ACK, NAK Dung timer Dung sequence number ieu khien lu lng: Ben gi nhanh, nhan cham Mat d lieu khi gi Can co mot qui tac truyen nhan gia hai ben
Trang 8
Lp Data Link
Cac giao thc c ban lp datalink :
Gia thiet:

Cac lp physical, datalink, network oc lap Phan cng t ong tnh toan bo sung checksum Dung c che polling x ly s kien Network luon san sang & frame truyen theo th t Unrestricted Simplex Protocol (SGK) Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol (SGK) Simplex Protocol for a Noisy Channel (SGK) Sliding Window Protocol(SGK)
Cac giai thuat :

Trang 9
Lp Data Link
ieu khien truy cap :

Xem xet oi vi mo hnh ket noi multiaccess Moi trng truyen c chia xe. WAN :

Cap phat kenh truyen tnh S dung TDM hay FDM Cong thc :
Thi gian tre T Dung lng kenh C bps Toc o truyen : frames/sec Chieu dai frame : 1/ bits
Trang 10
1 T= C
TFDM / TDM =
N 1 = = NT C C N N
Lp Data Link
ieu khien truy cap :
LAN : Cap phat kenh truyen ong. Ch co mot tram c phat tn hieu tai mot thi iem Cac tram se thay oi trang thai. Cac giao thc phai am bao tnh cong bang cho tat ca cac tram S dung cac giao thc a truy cap sau : ALOHA Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols Collision-Free Protocols Limited-Contention Protocols Wavelength Division Multiple Access Protocols Wireless LAN Protocol Digital Cellular Radio
Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin Trang 11
Lp Data Link
Cac mo hnh ket noi LAN can xem xet :
Trang 12
Lp Data Link
Giao thc ALOHA :
Pure ALOHA : Cho user truyen khi nao co data truyen ung o th huy frame Frame huy th ch thi gian random va gi lai Hieu suat kem Slotted ALOHA: Thi gian chia thanh slot Truyen bat au tai slot Hieu suat co cai thien
Trang 13
Lp Data Link
Giao thc CSMA : Carrier Sense (CS) :

i cho en khi kenh truyen ranh Bat au truyen d lieu ( cac frame ) Nhieu tram lam viec cung dung chung mot kenh truyen Moi tram dung mot giai thuat ve a truy cap. Anh hng lan nhau. Goi la collission
Trang 14
Multiple Access (MA) :

Van e truyen ong thi co the xay ra :

Lp Data Link
Giao thc CSMA :

1-persistent CSMA (SGK) Nonpersistent CSMA (SGK) p-persistent CSMA (SGK) CSMA with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) :

Lang nghe trong khi ang truyen. Phat hien khi co tn hieu cua mot tram khac can thiep vao. Ngng truyen khi ung o va sau o co gang tr lai sau mot thi gian ngau nhien.
Trang 15
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802 cho LANs va MANs

IEEE : Institure of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet Chuan IEEE 802.4 : Token Bus (SGK) Chuan IEEE 802.5 : Token Ring Chuan IEEE 802.11 : Wireless LAN Chuan IEEE 802.6 DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus)
Trang 16
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet :

Pho bien trong hau het cac LAN Xem xet van e truyen nhan :

Ch mot tram c phat tai mot thi iem. Tn hieu lan truyen trong toan bo chieu dai cap Tat ca cac tram nhan c tat ca d lieu ang truyen tren mang Dung giao thc CSMA/CD trong viec giai quyet truy cap
Trang 17
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo)
Ma hoa Manchester
Bit stream Binary encoding Manchester encoding Differential Manchester encoding 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Transition here indicates a 0
Lack of transition here indicates a 1

Trang 18
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo) Giai thuat a truy cap :
1. 2. 3. 4.
Neu kenh truyen ranh th truyen. Neu khong tiep tuc lang nghe kenh truyen cho en ranh th truyen. Lang nghe kenh truyen trong khi truyen d lieu (frame) Neu phat hien co ung o trong khi ang truyen th phat tn hieu jam va dng lai. Quay lai bc 1 va co gang gi trong mot so lan toi a ( maxtry counter )
Trang 19
Lp Data Link
Giai thuat Binary Exponential Backoff :

Chia thi gian thanh nhieu slot 1 Slot Time : thi gian e gi 512 bits Khi ung o lan th nhat, ngau nhien chon {0,1} slot e i Khi ung o lan hai, ngau nhien chon{0,1,2,3} slot e i Co gang en lan th 16, ngau nhien chon {0,,1024} slot e i
0 <= r < 2k-1

r la so ngau nhien c tao ra, k = MIN(n,10) n la so lan co gang.
Trang 20
Lp Data Link
a ch Ethernet : Theo chuan IEEE Moi tram lam viec c gan mot a ch dai 48-bit
c xet khi NIC (Network Interface Card) c san xuat
Van e nhan d lieu :

Tat ca tram eu nhan c d lieu ang truyen. Moi frame co mot a ch ch. Tram loai bo cac frame ma khong co a ch ch la no. Quan trong : giao tiep phan cng, khong phai phan mem c dung
Lp Data Link
Dang frame :
Bytes 7 1 6 6 2 0-1500 0-46 4
Preamble
Destination Address
Source Address
Data
Pad
Checksum
Start of frame delimiter
Length of data field
802.3 frame format Trang 22
Lp Data Link
Dang frame :

Chieu dai frame toi thieu la : 64 bytes Preamble : 7bytes moi byte co gia tr 10101010 . Start of frame : 10101011 a ch nguon va ch : 6 bytes a ch ch : Mot a ch en (unicast) Tat ca cac tram (broadcast) Mot so cac tram tren mang (multicast)
Trang 23
Lp Data Link
C che hoat ong : Phan cng giao tiep mang

Nhan mot ban copy cua moi frame truyen Kiem tra a ch : chap nhan hoac loai bo. Chuyen cac frame chap nhan en phan mem he thong. Kiem tra loai frame. Chuyen cac frame en cac phan mem tng ng (chnh xac)
Phan mem thiet b mang :

Trang 24
Lp Data Link
Cap trien khai :

Loai cable Thick coax Thin coax Twisted pair Fiber optics o dai toi a cho mot segment (m) 500 200 100 2000 So node tren mot segment Ap dung
Ten 10Base5 10Base2 10Base-T 10Base-F
100 Backbone 30 He thong nho 1024 De sa cha 1024 Noi cac toa nha
Trang 25
Lp Data Link
Phan loai :
Controller
Core
Controller Transceiver cable Vampire tap Transceiver Connector (a)10Base5
Transceiver + controller
Twisted pair
(b)10Base2
Hub (c) 10Base-T

Trang 26
Trang 27
Lp Data Link
Ethernet toc o cao (High Speed Ethernet): Fast Ethernet

Hoat ong toc o 100 Mbps 100BASE-TX va 100BASE-FX Cac thiet b i kem co the la : 10/100 Mbps Hoat ong toc o 1 Gbps He thong s dung cap quang va switch.
Gigabit Ethernet

Trang 28
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802.5 - Token Ring :

IBM e xuat Toc o : 4Mbps, 16 Mbps t c s dung Mo hnh vat ly la star, mo hnh luan ly la ring. Ket noi vat ly :

Cable : Twisted Pair Thiet b mang : Hub con goi la MAU (Multistation Access Unit)
Trang 29
Lp Data Link
Chuan IEEE 802.5 - Token Ring : ( Tiep theo)
Cau tao luan ly : 1 bit buffer
Ring interface
Ring interface
To From station station Ring network Listen mode
To From station station Transmit mode

Trang 30
Lp Data Link
Hoat ong : Kenh truyen point-to-point Token di chuyen quang vong , muon truyen th station phai nhan c token Hai trang thai : listen mode & transmit mode Listen mode : cac bit nhap c copy sang output vi thi gian delay 1bit time Transmit mode : interface tac ra ,truyen d lieu ACK : dung 1 bit
Trang 31
Lp Data Link
a ch :

6 Bytes a ch Thng c gan khi che tao nh dang cua a ch la khong co quy tac
Trang 32
Lp Data Link
Dang frame :
1 2 or 6 2 or 6 No limit 4 1 1
Bytes 1 1
SD AC FC
Destination Address
Source Address
Data
Checksum ED FS
Frame control Access Control Starting delimiter
End delimiter Frame Status
802.5 frame format - Data frame format
SD AC FC
802.5 frame format - Token format
Trang 33
Lp Data Link
Dang frame : (tiep theo)

Moi frame co mot a ch ch Tat ca cac tram nhan va lap lai tat ca cac tn hieu nhan c Cac tram tao ra cac bang sao cua cac frame co ch la no Quan trong : giao tiep phan cng khong phai phan mem kiem tra a ch Hoat ong toc o 100 Mbps 1 Gbps cung c xem xet IEEE 802.5 Co mot vai thiet b dung cho nhieu toc o 4/16/100 Mbps
Trang 34
High-speed Token Ring :

Lp Data Link
V sao Token Ring t dung :

Ch do IBM e xng Gia ca Phc tap Ch co mot nha cung cap
Trang 35
Lp Data Link
FDDI :

Dung cap quang Co o tin cay cao (dual rings) Khong nhieu Tieu chuan cua ANSI, gan vi IEEE 802.5 Truyen toc o 100 Mbps
Trang 36
Lp Data Link
FDDI Dual Ring:
Trang 37
Lp Data Link
Mot so van e khac :

ATM Wireless (802.11) Fiber Channel HIPPI Token Bus (802.4)
Trang 38
LAN Bridges and Switches

Khai niem :

Mot thiet b phan cng vi phan mem toi thieu Ket noi 2 hay nhieu LANs gan giong lai vi nhau Di chuyen cac frame gia cac LAN c ket noi Khong chuyen collisions, noise, beacons, etc. Xem xet cac thong tin tren lp data link Cho phep cac LAN hoat ong mot cach oc lap Lang nghe tren tat ca cac LAN Ch chuyen cac frame gia cac LAN neu can thiet Ch hoat ong vi thong tin lp 1/2
Hoat ong :


Ket noi :
Trang 40

Ket noi : (Tiep theo)
Trang 41

Ket noi : (Tiep theo)
Trang 42

Mo hnh :
Cac quy tac trong suot :

1. Theo doi tat ca cac frame tren moi LAN 2. Vi moi frame, lu tr a ch ch trong mot cache (bridge table) 3. Vi moi frame, cache c dung e hoi ve a ch ch.

Minh hoa tnh trong suot :
Trang 44

Tnh chat loc :

Dung e ieu khien LAN traffic Xem xet cac thong tin lp data link V du :

Khong chuyen cac frame t a ch MAC X Khong chuyen cac Ethernet frame loai X Khong chuyen cac frame broadcast t X Gii han so hop la 6
Trang 45

Switch :

Vat ly th giong vi hub Luan ly th giong vi bridge Cho phep hoat ong che o full duplex Nhanh chong thay the cong nghe hub/bridge switch la mot ten c dung trong mua ban, quang cao
Trang 46

Cau tao : Hoat ong :

Mot so tnh chat :

Mot segment LAN tren mot host Ket noi gia cac segment hay cac host lai vi nhau. Store va Forward Cut-through Tron mot so interface lai vi nhau VLANs Quan tr mang

Port Mirror Bao mat
Trang 47

Virtual LANs :

nh ngha cac broadcast domain e di chuyen gia cac VLAN, can co router (thiet b layer 3)
Trang 48
Lp Data Link
Tong ket :
Cac kien thc c ban lp Data Link

Cach xay dng frame Cac giao thc c ban ieu khien lien ket luan ly Cac giao thc c ban ieu khien a truy cap Ethernet & 802.3 Token Ring & 802.5 FDDI
Cac chuan hien nay lp Data Link

Cau truc cua LAN bridge va Switch
Trang 49

Chuong 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chuong 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Cac cong viec :

ieu khien truy cap ( Medium Access Control)

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Xay dng frame :

Cac phng phap :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Dung ky t bat au va ket thuc :

Ky t bat au: Ky t ket thuc: Stuffing :

Stuffed DLE DLE STX A DLE B DLE ETX

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Dung bit anh dau :

Dung cac mau bit khong hp le :

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

ieu khien loi va ieu khien lu lng :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Cac giao thc c ban lp datalink :

Cac giai thuat :

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

ieu khien truy cap :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

ieu khien truy cap :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Cac mo hnh ket noi LAN can xem xet :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Giao thc ALOHA :

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Giao thc CSMA : Carrier Sense (CS) :

Multiple Access (MA) :

Van e truyen ong thi co the xay ra :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Giao thc CSMA :

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802 cho LANs va MANs

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet :

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo)

Transition here indicates a 0

Lack of transition here indicates a 1

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Ban quyen 2001- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo)

Giai thuat Binary Exponential Backoff :

0 <= r < 2k-1

r la so ngau nhien c tao ra, k = MIN(n,10) n la so lan co gang.

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo)

c xet khi NIC (Network Interface Card) c san xuat

Van e nhan d lieu :

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chuan IEEE 802.3 & Ethernet : (Tiep theo)