Performance of CFRP Under Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Tim Stratford Jian-fei Chen Martin Gillie The University of Edinburgh
Background
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening
Background
Example applications of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthening systems
Background
Finish (coating resin etc)
Carbon fibre (preformed plate or wet lay-up)
Bonding adhesive
Tg = 65 - 100C
Concrete substrate
Background
Bonding adhesive Tg 65 to 100C (?)
Preformed CFRP plate Tg of resin 250C (?)
Background
Concrete Society Technical Report 55: Unless a rigorous analysis is undertaken it is sensible to neglect the strengthening from FRP in fire situations. Fire protection. Regulations may require the application of an over-coat layer, which has been tested on the fully-cured composite system
Background
Structural alterations FRP carrying permanent load, and must carry load during fire Fire protection?
Background
Background
Dalmarnock compartment fire tests Unique opportunity to assess CFRP Strengthening in a Real Fire
Installation of Strengthening
y x
FRP plate 1
1180
WINDOW
Installation
Intumescent Unprotected Gypsum Board
FRP plate 2
1360
FRP plate 3
1560
FRP NSM
1940
Intumescent Unprotected Gypsum Board
FRP NSM 2
2190
FRP NSM 3
2420
Installation
Intumescent
Intumescent
Unprotected
Unprotected
PLATES
Gyproc
NSM
Gyproc
Installation FRP Plates

Medium Modulus (MM) CFRP plate, 100x1.2mm. 2-part ambient cure epoxy adhesive.
Installation NSM FRP

Near-surface mounted FRP strengthening: bonded into a groove cut into the concrete soffit Industry perception: better fire performance.
Gypsum board 2 layers of 12mm board + intumescent sealer (Designed system)
Experimental Setup
Strain gauges, Thermocouples
y x
7Pt
1180
WINDOW
Experimental Setup
7Mt
7Nt
FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3 FRP NSM 1 FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3
6Pt
1360
6Nt* 5Nt
6Mt
5Pt*
1560
5Mt
4Pt
1940
4Rt 4Qt* 4Nt 3Nt
4Mt
3Pt
2190
3Mt
2Pt
2420
2Nt
2Mt
Thermocouples in FRP bondline
y x
1180
WINDOW
Experimental Setup
7M
7P
7N
FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3 FRP NSM 1 FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3
1360
6P
(Dead Gauge)
6M
1560
5P
5N
5M
1940
4P
4N
4M
2190
3P
3N
3M
2P
2420
2N
2M
750
750
Strain gauges on FRP plates (bonded side)
Other instrumentation: -gauges on top of slab -gauges on top of slab -gauges against adjoining wall Thermocouples through slab depth Thermocouples within compartment (gas phase)
Results
Results
Results
Gas-phase temperatures
1000
WINDOW
900
FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3
800 700
FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3
Temperature (C)
600 500 400 300 200 TC-12-2 100 0 0 5 10 Time (mins) 15 20 TC-14-2 TC-17-2
Results
Unprotected FRP Plate
Results
Fibres on floor (resin burnt off)
WINDOW
Intumescent + FRP Plate
Results
Mostly debonded. Resin mostly burnt off.
WINDOW
Gypsum board + FRP Plate
Results
Gypsum board intact. Plate and adhesive visually sound.
WINDOW
Unprotected NSM FRP
Results
Bonding adhesive burnt away from beneath and to sides, leaving fibre in FRP exposed.
WINDOW
Intumescent + NSM FRP
Results
Intumescent layer intact; FRP and adhesive in place.
WINDOW
Gypsum board + NSM FRP
Results
Gypsum board sound. FRP and adhesive visually sound.
WINDOW
Results
FRP Plates Bondline Temperatures
450
WINDOW
400 350 300 Temperature (C) 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 Time (mins) 40
Unprotected Intumescent Gypsum Board
50
60
Results
NSM FRP Bondline Temperatures
350
WINDOW
Unprotected 300 Intumescent Gypsum Board 250 Temperature (C)
200
150
100
50
0 0 10 20 30 Time (mins) 40 50 60
Results
FRP Plates Bondline Temperatures
NSM FRP Bondline Temperatures
350 Unprotected 300 Intumescent Gypsum Board
450 400 350 300 Temperature (C) Unprotected Intumescent Gypsum Board
250 Temperature (C)
250 200 150 100 50
200
150
100
50
0
0 0 10 20 30 Time (mins) 40 50 60
10
20
30 Time (mins)
40
50
60
Temperatures >> Tg in all tests.
Results
FRP Plates - Selected strain gauge readings

WINDOW
5000
4500 4000 3500 Strain ( strain) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 10 20 30 40
50
60
Time (min) The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Results
NSM Plates - Central Strain Gauge Readings

WINDOW
5000 4500 4000 3500 Strain (strain) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (min) The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire Unprotected Intumescent Gypsum Board
Results
NSM Plates - End Strain Gauge Readings

WINDOW
3500
3000 2500 Strain (strain) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 -500 10 20 30 40
50
60
Time (min) The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Results
NSM Plates - Central Strain Gauge Readings 5000 4500 4000 3500 Strain (strain) Unprotected Intumescent Gypsum Board
NSM Plates - End Strain Gauge Readings
3500 3000 2500 Strain (strain) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0

0 10 20 30 Time (min) 40 50 60
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
10
20
30 Time (min)
40
50
60
-500
Strains indication of catastrophic failure

NB: - Corrected for temperature effects using T.C. data. - All strains are the result of thermal effects: no applied load.
Ongoing work and Conclusions
Ongoing Work
Further analysis of complete strain and thermal dataset Characterisation of properties of materials used Modelling of composite strengthened slab (thermal strains in concrete) Thermal analysis
Conclusions
During a real fire, the glass transition temperature of the adhesive is exceeded. Gypsum board can be used to insulate the FRP, but further research is required before it can be reliably designed The integrity of NSM strengthening is superior to plate FRP strengthening during a fire.
Acknowledgements
Concrete Repairs Ltd
BASF Construction

Performance of CFRP Under Real Fire

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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Tim Stratford Jian-fei Chen Martin Gillie The University of Edinburgh

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Carbon fibre (preformed plate or wet lay-up)

Bonding adhesive Tg 65 to 100C (?)

Preformed CFRP plate Tg of resin 250C (?)

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Intumescent Unprotected Gypsum Board

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation FRP Plates

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation FRP Plates

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation FRP Plates

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation FRP Plates

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation NSM FRP

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation NSM FRP

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation NSM FRP

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation NSM FRP

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Installation NSM FRP

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Gypsum board 2 layers of 12mm board + intumescent sealer (Designed system)

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

4Rt 4Qt* 4Nt 3Nt

Thermocouples in FRP bondline

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Strain gauges on FRP plates (bonded side)

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Unprotected FRP Plate

FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3

FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Intumescent + FRP Plate

FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3

FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Gypsum board + FRP Plate

FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3

FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3

The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire

Unprotected NSM FRP

FRP plate 1 FRP plate 2 FRP plate 3

FRP NSM FRP NSM 2 FRP NSM 3